Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"Onion-inspired construction of bio-based and halogen-/phosphorus-free carbon microspheres hybrids via multi-layer hierarchical structure strategy for trading off the single-component flame retardant properties of silicone rubber","authors":"Ziyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Guo ,&nbsp;Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Jing He ,&nbsp;Zaihang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, the practical application for high-performance silicone rubber (SR) was constrained and limited by its intrinsic flammability, which would be usually solved by the incorporation of halogenated or heavily loaded phosphorus-based flame retardants. The extensive reliance on halogen-/phosphorus-based retardants would not only pose the irreversible risk to human health and ecological environment, but also raise the serious sustainability concerns about the progressive depletion of phosphate resources. Moreover, the insertion of these conventional flame retardants would inevitably compromise the mechanical properties of SR materials, which was not feasible for enhancing the application value and scopes in real life. Inspired by hierarchical structure of onion, a halogen-/phosphorus-free and bio-based flame retardant system (CMs@PDA@LDH@MM) was rationally engineered via a hierarchical assembly strategy by integrating renewable glucose-derived carbon microspheres with polydopamine (PDA), Ni-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH), and melamine-malic acid complex (MM). When the content of CMs@PDA@LDH@MM was 16 %, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.9 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating of SR composites were achieved together with substantial peak heat release rate (PkHRR) reduction of 56 % and smoke production rate (SPR) of 67 %, suggesting the excellent flame retardancy and fire safety performance. This fact was ascribed to the integration of multiple flame-retardant mechanism into a single hierarchical CMs@PDA@LDH@MM hybrid via the synergistic action between catalyzed charring and gaseous dilution/heat absorption ability. Furthermore, SR composites were endowed with the excellent resistance to flame impact and glow-wire ignition (GWFI &gt; 960 °C). Most of all, the mechanical robustness of SR composites was significantly improved with a Young’s modulus increment of 708 % and the elongation at break of 332 %, which would thereby enable the structural self-sustainability under load-bearing condition. In a nutshell, the intrinsic limitation of conventional additive approach was addressed in simultaneously achieving the balanced flame retardancy and mechanical performance, which was expected to provide a new and clean insight for the rational design of sustainable and halogen-/phosphorus-free flame-retardants in the fields of construction and buildings, cables and wire, new energy vehicles and aerospace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111870"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal behavior of jute/PLA composites: assessment of hygroscopic internal stress and its impact on service life","authors":"Ning Jiang ,&nbsp;Guangxin Li ,&nbsp;Yihua Xu ,&nbsp;Yaomin Li ,&nbsp;Chaozhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the internal damage induced by transient hygroscopic stress in jute/PLA composites under hygrothermal conditions, and a mechanical prediction model was established based on the damage area. A finite element (FE) model, which incorporates the true microstructure of the short fiber reinforced composites, was established using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques to accurately simulate water absorption and hygroscopic stress evolution behavior. The results of FE analysis of water absorption show good agreement with experimental measurements, indicating that the 3D model is crucial for accurately simulating the water diffusion process within the specimens. In the analysis, the locations of damage area were identified, and their content was quantified. The hygroscopic stress is the main cause of damage initiation in jute/PLA composites, leading to high variations in their mechanical properties and reducing long-term sustainability. Ultimately, by combining the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle with a residual strength model for internal damage, a mechanical prediction model for plant fiber composites was established based on the damage area, providing accurate predictions of the composites’ mechanical properties. This approach offers an innovative methodology for evaluating the mechanical properties of such composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111868"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative flame resistant composite non-woven fabric from recycled ceramic and polyethylene terephthalate waste fibers","authors":"Lin Weng ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Danting Hui ,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid economic growth has led to a surge in global textile consumption, overwhelming waste management infrastructure. Most non-degradable textiles are currently disposed of by landfilling or incineration, contributing to environmental pollution. To address this problem, we efficiently recycled waste into a fireproof composite, featuring a ceramic fiber middle layer and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber outer layers, using sustainable opening, carding, needle punching and hot-pressing techniques. This composite has been certified with a V-0 rating in the UL-94 flammability test, confirming its exceptional flame resistance. Infrared thermal imaging analysis further confirms its excellent thermal insulation and ablative resistance capabilities. Furthermore, an in-depth study on the composition of combustion residue char and gaseous volatiles demonstrated no significant flame hazards and revealed that gas-phase dilution combined with ceramic fiber residue char, disrupted the flame-fuel interaction to inhibit combustion. This research provides a facile and eco-friendly strategy for cost-efficient recovery of waste textiles, not only minimizing resource wastage but also producing a high-value product, thus significantly reducing environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111869"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for predicting the fire behaviour of fibre reinforced thermoset composites","authors":"Ákos Pomázi ,&nbsp;Gergely Magyar ,&nbsp;Andrea Toldy","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Destructive tests are typically used to evaluate the fire performance of polymers and their composites, implying high material costs and long testing times. Developing numerical models to predict flammability requires advanced mathematical expertise, IT resources, and realistic input parameters. In this study, we aimed to predict the key flammability parameters based on the chemical structure of the resin matrices and fibre content of composites, providing a potential alternative to costly experimental methods. We employed Random Forest Classifier (RFC), XGBoost algorithms, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict key combustion parameters: peak heat release rate (pHRR), time to ignition (TTI), total heat release (THR) and the char residue (CR) solely based on chemical structure of the epoxy matrix and fibre content of the composite. After making the predictions, we assessed the performance of the models using consistent statistical indicators (mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and the determination parameter (R²)).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covalently bound self-passivating silica layer enhances polyetherimide stability in harsh space conditions","authors":"Lidia Mezzina ,&nbsp;Angelo Nicosia ,&nbsp;Prospero Savoca ,&nbsp;Maria Elisabetta Palumbo ,&nbsp;Carlotta Scirè ,&nbsp;Riccardo Giovanni Urso ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Antonio Baratta ,&nbsp;Anna Lucia Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Laura Barone ,&nbsp;Placido Mineo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of human space exploration highlights the need for advanced materials capable of enduring the severe conditions of extraterrestrial environments. Polymeric materials, such as polyetherimide (PEI), are extensively used in aerospace applications due to their low density, mechanical versatility, and partial shielding capacity against radiation. Nevertheless, prolonged exposure to hostile factors such as galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, solar wind ions, atomic oxygen, and electromagnetic radiation results in progressive structural degradation manifested as erosion, mass loss, and deterioration of mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. To mitigate these effects, inorganic protective layers, particularly metal oxides, have been investigated because of their high hardness, chemical stability, and erosion resistance. Despite these advantages, issues related to interfacial adhesion and long-term stability of such protective layers remain significant challenges.</div><div>The present study reports a novel covalent silica-based passivation approach for PEI, achieved through a multi-step chemical functionalization of the polymer surface. The process involves: i) the partial hydrolysis of imidic ring on PEI film surface, forming polyamic acid (PAA) layer; ii) chemical reduction of the carboxylic acid of PAA to benzylic alcohol groups; iii) grafting tetraethyl orthosilicate to benzyl alcohol moieties. The procedures were monitored using ATR-FT-IR, DSR-UV-Vis, contact angle, and SEM-EDX analyses.</div><div>To evaluate the shielding efficacy of the obtained system, both pristine PEI and silica-coated PEI samples were exposed to simulated fast solar ions flux.</div><div>The experimental results confirm the increased resistance to erosion of the silica shielded material compared to that of untreated PEI. Finally, to assess the applicability of the material in real-scenarios, a computer simulation was performed to estimate the energy dose for the proposed material as a function of the radius for different space orbits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111861"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moist-heat aging of phosphorylated cellulose nanofibril films: influence of phosphorus content and residual lignin","authors":"Ricardo Almeida ,&nbsp;Ana Ramos ,&nbsp;Verner Håkonsen ,&nbsp;Thaddeus Maloney ,&nbsp;Naceur Belgacem ,&nbsp;José Gamelas","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films are promising high-performance sustainable materials, yet their aging behaviors remain poorly understood. Herein, films prepared from a low-phosphorus content CNF (0.65 mmol/g, P-CNF 1), a high-phosphorus content CNF (2.55 mmol/g, P-CNF 2), and a lignin-containing phosphorylated CNF (2.54 mmol/g, P-LCNF) were subjected to accelerated moist-heat aging (80 °C, 65 % relative humidity, up to eight days). Before aging, P-CNF 1 films exhibited higher degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose, crystallinity and thermal stability, while P-CNF 2 and P-LCNF films showed significantly higher tensile strength and transparency. Under the used aging conditions, kinetic analysis of DP data revealed that P-CNF 1 films degraded approximately four times slower (<em>k</em> = 8.69×10^–5 day^-1) than P-CNF 2 (3.78×10^–4 day^-1) and P-LCNF (3.19×10^–4 day^-1) films. After eight days, P-CNF 1 films lost 52 % of the cellulose DP and 33 % of tensile strength, whereas P-CNF 2 and P-LCNF films showed larger reductions in the cellulose DP (72‒75 %) and tensile strength (63‒67 %). P-CNF 1 films also exhibited superior color stability with aging (color difference (ΔE)=6.9) than P-CNF 2 (ΔE=12.2) and P-LCNF (ΔE=8.3) films. Transparency remained nearly unchanged in all films, but specular gloss decreased, particularly for P-CNF 2 and P-LCNF films. FTIR and ³¹P NMR studies confirmed chemical changes induced by aging, while SEM imaging evidenced morphological alterations. Overall, phosphorus content governed stability against aging, while residual lignin mitigated color change without promoting further degradation. These findings highlight the need for chemical stabilization strategies, especially for highly phosphorylated (L)CNF films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111866"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-enhancement of LLDPE blown films achieved by tailoring microstructure evolution via circumfluent synergistic blow molding technology","authors":"Zhangyue Zou ,&nbsp;Yue Luo ,&nbsp;Zhikun Gao,&nbsp;Zexiang Xie,&nbsp;Zhao-xia Huang,&nbsp;Haowei Jiang,&nbsp;Jin-Ping Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of conventional polyolefin blown films relies solely on two processing parameters, draw ratio (DR) and blow-up ratio (BUR). In typical production, DR is much higher than BUR, leading to pronounced anisotropy and weak transverse direction (TD) properties. To address this issue, this work introduces a Circumfluent Synergistic Blow Molding Technology (CSBMT) that uses a counter-rotating blow molding die to generate a circumferential shear flow field (CSFF). CSFF can induce the polymer chains forming an interlaminar interwoven orientation microstructure and tailor the evolution of lamellar structure. This novel microstructure significantly enhances the film's TD properties and dramatically improves the TD/MD (Mechanical direction) balance of tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal shrinkage. For instance, the balance of tensile strength improved from 0.90 to 1.03, and the balance of shrinkage ratio improved from 0.18 to 0.91. Furthermore, the ordered microstructure also enhances barrier properties by 17 % and aging resistance, where TD elongation after aging increased from 916 % to 1258 %. Therefore, this work provides a new pathway for the high-efficiency self-enhancement and performance balancing of blown films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111867"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(butylene terephthalate): About condensation, cyclization, degradation and elimination reactions in the solid state, and the role of smooth crystal surfaces","authors":"Hans R. Kricheldorf ,&nbsp;Steffen M. Weidner ,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three commercial poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) samples - Pocan B1300 (B13), Pocan B1600 (B16), and Addigy P 1210 (AP121) - served as the starting materials for the annealing experiments, which were conducted with and without the addition of esterification and transesterification catalysts. The catalysts used were Sn(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct₂), Zr(IV) acetylacetonate, and 4-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA). Temperatures varied between 150 and 210 °C. The PBT samples were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectrometry. The MALDI mass spectra of all three samples differed greatly but displayed mass peaks of cycles. Similar results were produced by annealing with SnOct₂ or Zr(acac)₄, which favored the formation of even-numbered cycles within the mass range below <em>m/z</em> 5000, along with slow degradation. TSA favored a more intensive degradation without the formation of cycles or even with the destruction of cycles. PBT chains with two carboxylic (COOH) end groups were the most stable species under all circumstances. The origin of the extremely high melting point of AP121 (241–242 °C) can be explained by the smoothing of crystallite surfaces via transesterification. The results suggest that combining MALDI mass spectrometry and SAXS measurements provides a new way to better understand the solid-state chemistry of PBT and related polyesters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111862"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of artificial accelerated aging on the pyrolysis and combustion properties of building external insulation materials and fire risk","authors":"Zhenxiang Tao ,&nbsp;Xubo Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Yisen Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Jiansong Wu ,&nbsp;Rui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insulation layer of external wall insulation systems undergoes progressive degradation due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation and temperature-humidity cycles Especially when the outer protective layer is damaged or peels off detached, exposing the polymer material to the external environment, the aging process accelerates significantly. In this study, three common insulation materials—expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS), and rigid polyurethane (RPU)—were subjected to artificial accelerated aging conditions under controlled conditions that simulated the radiation and thermal effects. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which aging affects the chemical structure. Cone calorimetry was used to evaluate the ignition characteristics, heat release, smoke production, and gas product toxicity of the aged insulation materials. An entropy-weighted insulation fire risk model quantified the evolving fire risk profiles of these aged insulation materials. After 150 aging cycles, the time to ignition of both EPS and XPS was significantly shortened, and the peak heat release rates increased by 25 % and 37 % respectively. Furthermore, after aging, the total heat release and total smoke production of RPU increased by 27 % and 16 %, respectively, at a radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m². Overall, RPU pronounced a significant increase in fire hazard under high level heat exposure. These findings provide valuable guidance for the aging-resistant design of external insulation systems and the management of aging fire risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111864"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray irradiation-induced real-time conductivity evolution and cumulative damage effects of epoxy-based shape memory polymers","authors":"Jiale Mao ,&nbsp;Chenyang Li ,&nbsp;Likang Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Zicai Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shape memory polymers (SMPs) for space deployable structures, as a new type of smart material, whose adaptivity to space environments plays a crucial role in ensuring the long-term stable operation of next-generation spacecraft. This study systematically investigates the real-time photoconductive response and cumulative damage effects of SMPs with varying crosslinking network architectures under X-ray irradiation. By tailoring the curing agent functionality and mass ratios, a series of SMPs are synthesized and evaluated through shape memory behavior, thermodynamic and dielectric properties, and conductivity characteristics with and without X-ray irradiation. The research emphasizes the effects of X-ray irradiation on their dielectric properties, not only examining damage effects but also closely monitoring the real-time evolution of charge transport properties during irradiation, with the influence of temperature on these properties simultaneously considered. The results demonstrate that X-ray exposure induces a sharp increase in conductivity, with an effect significantly greater than that of temperature, accompanied by a phenomenon resembling current saturation. And at high doses accumulation, leads to partial chain scission and the formation of new functional groups, indicating a simultaneous process of degradation and re-crosslinking. This work provides a foundational understanding of radiation effects on epoxy SMPs and practical guidance for their use in high-radiation environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 111863"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}