Polymer Degradation and Stability最新文献

{"title":"The efficacy of alkaline hydrolysis on selective degradation and recovery of high-purity terephthalic acid and cotton cellulose from postconsumer polyester/cotton waste","authors":"Rivalani Baloyi Baloyi ,&nbsp;Bruce Bishop Sithole ,&nbsp;Mufaro Moyo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile waste is one of the biggest global waste problems requiring innovative and sustainable solutions. This study focused on developing a potential sustainable solution to textile waste by recycling of blended polyester/cotton fabric waste. The blends were pretreated prior to selective alkaline degradation and then vacuum filtered into constituent materials. Terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG), and cotton were the constituent materials. The effects of the processing conditions and determination of optimum conditions were ascertained by analysis of the constituent materials’ properties. Electron microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV–VIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA-DSC) and viscometer were utilized in characterizing the recovered materials. The optimum processing conditions were found to be 15 % (w/v) NaOH in the presence of 1 mol BTBAC: 1 mol per repeating unit of polyester phase transfer catalyst and processing temperature and time of 80 °C and 270 mins, respectively. These conditions resulted in complete hydrolysis of the polyester in polyester/cotton blended fabrics waste achieving a TPA recovery rate of 80 % and recovery rate of 97 % for cotton fibres. The recovered cellulose had viscosities between 340 and 520 ml/g which is within the range of pulp utilized in the production of regenerated fibres. The successful separation of TPA and cotton fibres implies that the recycling of blended textiles can be accomplished contributing to sustainable textile waste management and circular economy. The research indicates significant potential for scalable textile waste solution to confront the increasing crisis of textile waste globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 111261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobased bisbenzoxazine resins derived from sesamol and furfurylamine: Using natural renewable resources to access phosphorus- and halogen-free flame-retardant thermosets","authors":"Weichen Sheng,&nbsp;Min Zhong,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Kan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass derivatives are a promising class of precursors for developing natural sustainable polymers. However, biobased polymers generally possess flammable characteristic and poor thermal stability, which seriously restrain their further applications. Herein, two biobased diamines (PDFA and CPDFA) were successfully synthesized using furfurylamine and benzaldehyde/cyanobenzaldehyde as starting materials. In addition, two novel bio-bisbenzoxazine monomers, S-cpdfa and S-pdfa, were obtained <em>via</em> the Mannich condensation reaction from paraformaldehyde, sesamol and PDFA/CPDFA. The chemical structures of both biobased bisbenzoxazines have been confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and 2D HMQC spectroscopies as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Moreover, the polymerization behaviors of bisbenzoxazine monomers were investigated by DSC and <em>in situ</em> FT-IR analyses. It is noteworthy that fully polymerized biobased thermosetting resins exhibit high thermal stability with T<em>_d10</em> of 373.8 °C and Y_c of 63.2 % for poly(S-pdfa), and T_d10 of 395.4 °C and Y_c of 65.7 % for poly(S-cpdfa), respectively. Notably, poly(S-cpdfa) exhibited very low flammability and self-extinguishing performance as indicated by HRC of 13.1 J·g⁻¹·K⁻¹ and THR of 2.8 kJ·g⁻¹. This work presents a straightforward and environmentally conscious methodology to access phosphorus- and halogen-free thermosets with intrinsically flame retardancy using natural renewable resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multifunctional layered chitosan derivative for overcoming the performance barriers of polylactic acid","authors":"Qian Li ,&nbsp;Jing Zheng ,&nbsp;Zejie Huang ,&nbsp;Libo Hu ,&nbsp;Yanqiao Jin ,&nbsp;Lei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to overcome the performance barriers of polylactic acid (PLA), a multifunctional layered chitosan derivative, DAMC-Al, is synthesised and used as an intumescent flame retardant. The acid sources used in this work are 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, which act synergistically to facilitate the conversion of chitosan to carbon. The combustion tests demonstrate that the PLA/5DAMC-Al exhibits excellent flame-retardancy with a limiting oxygen index of 30.3 % and a UL-94 flammability rating of V-0. The heat release rate and total heat release are significantly reduced compared to pure PLA, and the residual carbon expands rapidly. In addition, the composite has improved toughness while maintaining the stiffness of the PLA substrate, with a 31.0 % increase in elongation at break. DAMC-Al can also effectively block the transmission of 95 % of ultraviolet lights, protecting the PLA macromolecular chain from high-energy ultraviolet damage. Actually, the ultraviolet protection factor of PLA/5DAMC-Al is determined to be as high as 51.43. Furthermore, the soil degradation tests show that PLA/5DAMC-Al has the same excellent natural degradation properties as PLA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasticization of dialcohol cellulose and effect on the thermomechanical properties","authors":"Enrica Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Katarina Jonasson ,&nbsp;Alberto Fina ,&nbsp;Giada Lo Re","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulosic materials are considered good alternatives to conventional plastics in packaging applications, as they are renewable, bio-based and biodegradable, having good mechanical properties at relatively low densities. However, when considering production methods, cellulose has limitations. The possibility of exploiting the production methods of conventional plastics, such as melt processing, is precluded because cellulose decomposes before reaching melting. Lowering the glass transition, partial modification of cellulose pulp to dialcohol cellulose (DAC) fibres enabled a melt processability window between the glass transition and decomposition temperatures. Water was successfully used as an aid for DAC melt processing, but the final material properties are strongly influenced by the residual moisture content, which varies depending on the environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity). This work aims to explore the addition of glycerol, a less volatile green plasticizer, to control the processability and physical properties of DAC-based materials. Materials containing different moisture and glycerol contents were melt compounded and the effect on the melt processability was evaluated by the in-line melt viscosity during the process. The effect of different initial moisture and glycerol contents on thermal decomposition, thermal transitions, thermomechanical and mechanical properties and surface morphology has been investigated. The addition of glycerol allows for improved melt processability, decreased elasticity and enhanced deformability up to a maximum glycerol content. An excess of glycerol leads instead to a neat fall in mechanical properties and thermal stability. The possibility of post-industrial mechanical recycling was also demonstrated and the effect on the thermal decomposition and mechanical properties assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 111259"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated hydrolytic degradation of glass fiber-polyamide (PA66) composites","authors":"K. Gkaliou ,&nbsp;M.V. Ørsnæs ,&nbsp;A.H. Holm ,&nbsp;A.E. Daugaard","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we investigated the accelerated hydrolytic degradation behavior of unfilled polyamide 66 (PA66) and glass fiber (GF)-reinforced PA66 composites by use of thin injection molded samples. The primary goal of this study was to decrease the required evaluation time of GF-PA66 compounds for use in heating applications, targeting faster qualification of new or recycled materials and also addressing the critical factors of composite durability. According to the data, hydrolysis leads to a linear reduction in molar mass with time until reaching an equilibrium point of 10 kg/mol at 2500 h at 95 °C. The effect of thickness was significant: thin samples exhibited uniform bulk erosion, while thick samples experienced surface erosion with hydrolysis progressing inward to the core. Hydrolytic aging most significantly affected the PA66 matrix, while the glass fiber sizing was shown by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to be partially removed. The presence of glass fibers had a stabilizing role in the dimensional stability of the composites and limited embrittlement. Last, rheological analysis identified degradation mechanisms in the melt state, revealing that the primary process involved the recombination of fragmented chains and post-condensation reactions, leading to an increase in storage modulus. These findings highlight the need for additives to enhance interfacial adhesion between damaged GF and the polymer matrix, and reactive additives to suppress cross-linking and increase PA66 molar mass. These modifications are crucial for upgrading degraded materials for potential secondary applications, making recycling viable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111256"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane membrane via “two-phase” synergistic effect","authors":"Yan Bao ,&nbsp;Haihang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ruyue Guo ,&nbsp;Lu Gao ,&nbsp;Renhao Li ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Pengbo Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design and development of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes with both flame retardancy and smoke suppressing properties has become a hot and difficult research topic. In this work, a novel TPU membrane with enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression (PL-D-G-TPU) was constructed by electrospinning technology using phytic anhydride (PL), daidzein (D) and graphite (G). The resulting composite fibers of PL-D-G-TPU exhibited a smooth surface and uniform pore size distribution. It was worth noting that the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of PL-D-G-TPU were 54 kW/m² and 0.32 m², respectively, which reduced by 65.82 % and 33.33 % compared with TPU, meeting the requirements of refractory materials. This is due to the synergistic catalytic effect between phosphoric acid or polyphosphate derived from PL and graphite resulted in the generation of a significant amount of dense and stable residual carbon in the matrix. It hindered the transfer of oxygen, toxic smoke and heat, which retarded the degree of combustion and the release of smoke. Additionally, daidzein released H• and quenched gas phase oxygen-containing free radicals to promote the cycle regeneration of PO• during the decomposition of PL, which jointly inhibited combustion. Subsequently, its potential effects in packaging and textile industries were discussed to expand application fields. Therefore, this work presents a simple, green and innovative strategy to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppressing properties of TPU membranes, thereby expanding their potential industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 111262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of microstructure and property during industrial continuous heat treatment of polyacrylonitrile fibers up to 1900 °C","authors":"Jian He ,&nbsp;Qiufei Chen ,&nbsp;Baolin Fan ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Hamza Malik ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Jianyong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of the microstructures of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers during successive industrial heat treatments was systematically traced. It was found that the cyclization reaction began in the amorphous zone around the PAN crystals and continued until the pre-low-temperature carbonization phase. From 400 to 1900 °C, the carbonization process was separated into four stages, where the two-dimensional aromatic layers formed by the cyclization cross-links progressively evolve into three-dimensionally ordered carbon microcrystals. The microcrystals tended to in-plane growth during the high-temperature carbonization stage. The aspect ratio of the microcrystals of carbon fiber exhibited the same variation trend as its tensile strength, both reaching their maximum value at 1700 °C. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed the hereditary evolution from the microfiber structure in the precursor fiber to the banded graphite-like layered structure within the carbon fibers after heat treatment. As the stabilization and carbonization processes progressed, the microvoids within the fibers showed a decrease in cross-sectional dimensions and transitioned to a slit-like configuration accompanied by a decrease in the curvature of the graphitic-like carbon layer. The fluctuating changes in microvoid length and orientation are influenced by the structural relaxation in the middle stage of carbonization, as well as the regular rearrangement of graphite-like structures in the late stage of carbonization. The results of relevant analysis can provide further insights for the development of ultra-high-strength medium-modulus carbon fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New high UV transparency PV encapsulants: Properties and degradation after accelerated UV aging tests","authors":"Valeria Fiandra,&nbsp;Lucio Sannino,&nbsp;Concetta Andreozzi,&nbsp;Giovanni Flaminio,&nbsp;Antonio Romano,&nbsp;Gabriella Rametta","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To increase the PV modules efficiency, it is very important to improve not only the solar cell production technology, but also the other materials needed in their manufacture. Encapsulant materials, used to ensure the long-term lifespan and stability of solar cells, play an important role in PV module reliability. In fact, most modules breakdowns are linked precisely to the type of polymeric film used in their manufacturing. A detailed understanding of the causes and processes of PV module degradation and material is crucial for a successful development of new components and design of durable and reliable PV module. This article focuses on new high UV transparency polymeric materials usable for Si-based cells encapsulation and carries out thorough testing to evaluate their damaging caused by exposure to UV radiation. To obtain a reasonable evaluation of reliability of these highly UV transparent films, they were exposed to accelerated aging in a climatic chamber and then the changes in their optical, chemical and structural properties were analysed. The evaluating of the effect of UV radiation was also carried out on electrical performance of PV mini-devices made in the laboratory with the new encapsulants. Results have shown that, between the different UV transparent films tested, thermoplastic polyolefin-based encapsulants have a higher stability in long-term behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via hydrolysis: A comprehensive review","authors":"Luqman Umdagas ,&nbsp;Rafael Orozco ,&nbsp;Kieran Heeley ,&nbsp;William Thom ,&nbsp;Bushra Al-Duri","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing accumulation of waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) presents a critical environmental challenge. Despite significant efforts, traditional mechanical recycling methods for PET face numerous limitations, leading to exploring alternative recycling approaches. This review explores various chemical recycling techniques for PET, focusing on neutral hydrolysis as a promising method for achieving a sustainable, closed-loop recycling system. Unlike organic solvent-based methods, hydrolysis effectively processes heterogeneous PET waste streams, including copolyesters, offering the direct recovery of terephthalic acid (TPA), the primary monomer in the PET industry. Drawing upon established research and recent advancements, this review underscores the potential of hydrolysis to play a pivotal role in advancing a circular economy for PET, thereby offering a sustainable and effective solution to plastic waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 111246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial simulated aging of bamboo slips and its degradation mechanism","authors":"Ting Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhuoyue Cheng ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Hui ,&nbsp;Qi Lin ,&nbsp;Yi Qin ,&nbsp;WenLing Wu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongjie Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo slips record the development of Chinese civilization and are crucial for historical and cultural research. Due to the long-term erosion by groundwater during burial, most of them were waterlogged. The sudden change in the environment after excavation poses risks such as cracking, peeling, and deformation to these bamboo slips. However, there is a lack of effective real bamboo slips for systematic research on dehydration, shaping, protection, and restoration. Therefore, the preparation of artificially simulated aged bamboo slips has important practical significance. In this study, artificial simulation aging of bamboo slips was carried out using water bath method and hydrothermal method in NaOH solution, respectively. The effects of water bath treatment time and concentration of hydrothermal NaOH solution on the moisture content, structure, morphology, chemical composition and physical properties of the simulated bamboo slip samples were thoroughly studied, and the degradation mechanism was elucidated. The results show that the maximum moisture content of artificially degraded simulated bamboo slips could be controlled between 200 and 650 %, and the samples were soft and sponge-like, which was in line with the characteristics of the saturated bamboo slips as reported before. NaOH solution could promote the preferential degradation of hemicellulose and lignin, as well as partial degradation of amorphous cellulose, which was especially accelerated by the hydrothermal method. With the extension of water bath time, the maximum moisture content of the simulated sample changed slightly (maintaining ∼ 200 %), but the strength and hardness decreased obviously. In contrast, for the hydrothermal method with high temperature and high pressure conditions, the dense structure of bamboo surface was destroyed. With the increase of NaOH concentration, the chemical reaction rate increased, and the degradation degree of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose increased, leading to the collapse of thin-walled and fibrous tissues. The porosity and moisture content of the sample increased, reaching a maximum of 594.70 ± 32.01 %, and the mechanical properties decreased sharply. This method provides an important reference for the simulation preparation of bamboo slips with different moisture contents, laying the foundation for subsequent research on reinforcement materials and evaluation systems of bamboo cultural relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 111254"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}