Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.mc2
P. Roy, B. Saikia, S. S. Sarangi, M. Bhattacharyya, Abhijit Talukdar, M. Kalita, Hbcr
Background: Background and Objectives: Primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE) is a very aggressive disease and accounts for 0.8–3.1% of all esophageal cancers. The study analysed clinical characteristics and survival outcome of 24 treated cases. Subjects & Methods: Out of total 3,440 cases of esophageal cancers diagnosed from 2013 to 2016 at Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, clinical data were obtained from 24 histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed cases of primary SCCE. Patients received surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, either alone or in combinations. Results: The median age of patients was 54 years with male preponderance. Out of 24 cases, 15 cases have pure small cell carcinoma histology and 9 cases had mixed pathology (poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation). The median overall survival time was 14 months. The 6-, 12-, 24- and 36- month’s survival rates of these patients were 91.6%, 54.1%, 33.3% and 25.0% respectively. The 3-year survival rate for patients with localised disease was 62.6% vs. 6.3% for those with metastatic disease (p=0.007). Nine patients had relapses within first 6 months from the completion of any therapy. Patients with pure small cell carcinoma histology (vs. mixed histology, p=0.008), with distant organ involvement (vs. no organ involvement, p=0.022) and those who are non-responders to treatment (vs. responders, p<0.0001) were correlated with shorter overall survival in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Primary SCCE presents with early metastasis and have a poor prognosis, with the existing modalities of treatment. Combined therapy based on platinum-based combination chemotherapy may improve the short term survival in these patients.
背景与目的:原发性食管小细胞癌(SCCE)是一种侵袭性很强的疾病，占所有食管癌的0.8% - 3.1%。本研究分析了24例治疗病例的临床特点和生存结局。研究对象和方法:在Dr B Borooah癌症研究所2013年至2016年诊断的3440例食管癌中，临床资料来自24例经组织学和免疫组织化学证实的原发性SCCE病例。患者接受单独或联合手术、化疗和/或放疗。结果:患者中位年龄54岁，男性居多。24例中，单纯小细胞癌15例，混合病理(低分化癌伴神经内分泌分化)9例。中位总生存期为14个月。6、12、24、36个月生存率分别为91.6%、54.1%、33.3%、25.0%。局限性疾病患者的3年生存率为62.6%，转移性疾病患者为6.3% (p=0.007)。9名患者在任何治疗完成后的前6个月内复发。在单因素分析中，单纯小细胞癌组织学(与混合组织学相比，p=0.008)、远处器官受累(与无器官受累相比，p=0.022)和对治疗无反应(与反应者相比，p<0.0001)的患者与较短的总生存期相关。结论:原发性SCCE转移早，预后差，适用现有的治疗方法。以铂类为主的联合化疗为基础的联合治疗可提高这些患者的短期生存率。
{"title":"Outcome of Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus: A Single Institutional Experience","authors":"P. Roy, B. Saikia, S. S. Sarangi, M. Bhattacharyya, Abhijit Talukdar, M. Kalita, Hbcr","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.mc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.mc2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background and Objectives: Primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE) is a very aggressive disease and accounts for 0.8–3.1% of all esophageal cancers. The study analysed clinical characteristics and survival outcome of 24 treated cases. Subjects & Methods: Out of total 3,440 cases of esophageal cancers diagnosed from 2013 to 2016 at Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, clinical data were obtained from 24 histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed cases of primary SCCE. Patients received surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, either alone or in combinations. Results: The median age of patients was 54 years with male preponderance. Out of 24 cases, 15 cases have pure small cell carcinoma histology and 9 cases had mixed pathology (poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation). The median overall survival time was 14 months. The 6-, 12-, 24- and 36- month’s survival rates of these patients were 91.6%, 54.1%, 33.3% and 25.0% respectively. The 3-year survival rate for patients with localised disease was 62.6% vs. 6.3% for those with metastatic disease (p=0.007). Nine patients had relapses within first 6 months from the completion of any therapy. Patients with pure small cell carcinoma histology (vs. mixed histology, p=0.008), with distant organ involvement (vs. no organ involvement, p=0.022) and those who are non-responders to treatment (vs. responders, p<0.0001) were correlated with shorter overall survival in univariate analysis. Conclusion: Primary SCCE presents with early metastasis and have a poor prognosis, with the existing modalities of treatment. Combined therapy based on platinum-based combination chemotherapy may improve the short term survival in these patients.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115407994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.at3
P. Pareek, Chandrakala Agarwal, A. K. Mathur
Background: Preventing osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Thus, the present study is designed to assess and compare the risk factors of osteoporosis among women as to prevent osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Subjects and Methods: The present prospective observational analytical study was commenced among 350 females aged between 30-65years who were referred to the Radio diagnosis department as suspected cases of osteoporosis from various outpatient departments. Women in sample after DEXA scan were categorized in two groups; group A comprised women those having normal BMD, considered as control group and group B comprised women with low BMD either osteopenia or osteoporosis included in this group. Datawas collected according to the recommendations of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.The data collected was compiled, tabulated, analyzed and subjected to Pearson Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: While osteoporosis was found to be significantly higher in Low class women (p<0.07) followed by Middle class and upper socioeconomic status. A significant difference was observed between rural and urban people (p<0.01). Women with moderate and low physical activity were significantly at higher risk of osteoporosis. A highly significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of weight, age, BMI, Waist circumference, Hip circumference, BMD lumbar spine, Lumbar Spine T score, Lumbar spine Z score, Femur neck BMD, Femur neck T score & Femur neck Z score whereas there was no significant difference in terms of Height. Conclusion: Within the limits of our study we conclude that osteoporosis is one of the growing concern and need immediate care. The lack of information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis among women is an important problem. Our results highlight the importance of knowledge regarding the risk factors like age, menopausal status, physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, geographical location, weight, BMI etc. There is the need for more effective education for the community and medical practitioners for the clinical significance of osteoporotic fractures and its risk factors.
{"title":"Assessment of Proportion of Radiologically Confirmed Osteoporosis Cases among the Suspected Cases of Female: An Institutional Based Study","authors":"P. Pareek, Chandrakala Agarwal, A. K. Mathur","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.at3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.at3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preventing osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Thus, the present study is designed to assess and compare the risk factors of osteoporosis among women as to prevent osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Subjects and Methods: The present prospective observational analytical study was commenced among 350 females aged between 30-65years who were referred to the Radio diagnosis department as suspected cases of osteoporosis from various outpatient departments. Women in sample after DEXA scan were categorized in two groups; group A comprised women those having normal BMD, considered as control group and group B comprised women with low BMD either osteopenia or osteoporosis included in this group. Datawas collected according to the recommendations of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.The data collected was compiled, tabulated, analyzed and subjected to Pearson Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: While osteoporosis was found to be significantly higher in Low class women (p<0.07) followed by Middle class and upper socioeconomic status. A significant difference was observed between rural and urban people (p<0.01). Women with moderate and low physical activity were significantly at higher risk of osteoporosis. A highly significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of weight, age, BMI, Waist circumference, Hip circumference, BMD lumbar spine, Lumbar Spine T score, Lumbar spine Z score, Femur neck BMD, Femur neck T score & Femur neck Z score whereas there was no significant difference in terms of Height. Conclusion: Within the limits of our study we conclude that osteoporosis is one of the growing concern and need immediate care. The lack of information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis among women is an important problem. Our results highlight the importance of knowledge regarding the risk factors like age, menopausal status, physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, geographical location, weight, BMI etc. There is the need for more effective education for the community and medical practitioners for the clinical significance of osteoporotic fractures and its risk factors.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125543610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me5
Abay Kassie, Salie Ayalew, Mandefro Abere
Background: Stroke is a major public health and clinical problem that represents the third leading cause of disease worldwide among adult non-communicable diseases. Stroke in the developing world is becoming a leading cause of death from infectious diseases that affects mainly adults and adult disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common form of strokes approximately about 80%–85% of all strokes in nature. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital among 232 ischemic stroke patients who started treatment between September 2014 and August 2016. Information on relevant variables was collected from adult ischemic stroke patients paper based medical cards and registries. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test used to compare the survival time of different category of predictors, and Cox’s regression model employed to identify the effect of covariates on the survival time of ischemic stroke patients. Results: A total of 232 adult ischemic stroke, patients were included in the study. Out of the total 232 individuals, 69(29.74%) died and the remaining 163(70.26%) were censored at the end of follow-up period. Based on Cox proportional hazards regression model, age (AHR =1.015, CI: 1.001 – 1.0304), diabetes (AHR=0.353, CI: 0.1938– 0.643), hypertension (AHR =0.607, 95% CI:1.003–1.0053), structural heart disease (AHR =2.231, 95% CI: 1.158 – 4.593), and history of previous ischemic stroke(AHR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.088 – 3.113) were significantly associated with the mortality of adult ischemic stroke patients. Conclusion: Based on the Cox Proportional Hazards regression model the following prognostic factors, age, diabetes, hypertension, structural heart disease, fibrillation, and history of previous ischemic stroke were the risk factors for survival time of ischemic stroke patients.
{"title":"Survival Time of Adult Ischemic Stroke Patients and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital","authors":"Abay Kassie, Salie Ayalew, Mandefro Abere","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke is a major public health and clinical problem that represents the third leading cause of disease worldwide among adult non-communicable diseases. Stroke in the developing world is becoming a leading cause of death from infectious diseases that affects mainly adults and adult disability. Ischemic stroke is the most common form of strokes approximately about 80%–85% of all strokes in nature. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital among 232 ischemic stroke patients who started treatment between September 2014 and August 2016. Information on relevant variables was collected from adult ischemic stroke patients paper based medical cards and registries. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test used to compare the survival time of different category of predictors, and Cox’s regression model employed to identify the effect of covariates on the survival time of ischemic stroke patients. Results: A total of 232 adult ischemic stroke, patients were included in the study. Out of the total 232 individuals, 69(29.74%) died and the remaining 163(70.26%) were censored at the end of follow-up period. Based on Cox proportional hazards regression model, age (AHR =1.015, CI: 1.001 – 1.0304), diabetes (AHR=0.353, CI: 0.1938– 0.643), hypertension (AHR =0.607, 95% CI:1.003–1.0053), structural heart disease (AHR =2.231, 95% CI: 1.158 – 4.593), and history of previous ischemic stroke(AHR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.088 – 3.113) were significantly associated with the mortality of adult ischemic stroke patients. Conclusion: Based on the Cox Proportional Hazards regression model the following prognostic factors, age, diabetes, hypertension, structural heart disease, fibrillation, and history of previous ischemic stroke were the risk factors for survival time of ischemic stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114887426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an1
A. Chauhan, H. Bhatt, Shailesh Lohani
Background: Securing and managing the airway is quintessential and perhaps the most critical aspect in practice of anaesthesiology. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Combitube, EasyTube and the Laryngeal tube suction, when placed in their conventional positions, for general anaesthesia during elective non-laparoscopic surgeries using controlled ventilation. Subjects and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study done on 90 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled into the study and were randomly allocated to the following three groups using computer generated random table. Group ETC (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Esophageal tracheal combitube, Group EzT (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Easy Tube and Group LTS (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Laryngeal tube suction. The time taken to insert the device was recorded in each instance in all the groups. For comparison of qualitative data, Chi square test was used. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: When compared, use of Combitube, EasyTube and Laryngeal Tube Suction was associated with statistically similar intraoperative airway pressures, dynamic compliance, airway resistance, SpO2, and EtCO2 (p>0.05). Combitube and EasyTube resulted in significantly higher incidence of mucosal trauma detected by presence of blood on the device after its removal and an insignificant increase in incidence of postoperative sore throat (p>0.05). Combitube placement resulted in significantly higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia as compared to easy tube and laryngeal tube suction(p<0.05). But the nature of all these complaints was mild and no active intervention was required in any case. Conclusion: We concluded that based on our observations, if and when Combitube, EasyTube or Laryngeal Tube Suction is used for emergency airway management, it can be continued for conduct of general anaesthesia in surgeries of moderate duration.
{"title":"A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study to Compare, Intraoperative Ventilatory Parameters, Insertion Success Rate & Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure of Three Airway Devices the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube, the EasyTube and the Laryngeal Tube-S","authors":"A. Chauhan, H. Bhatt, Shailesh Lohani","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Securing and managing the airway is quintessential and perhaps the most critical aspect in practice of anaesthesiology. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Combitube, EasyTube and the Laryngeal tube suction, when placed in their conventional positions, for general anaesthesia during elective non-laparoscopic surgeries using controlled ventilation. Subjects and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study done on 90 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled into the study and were randomly allocated to the following three groups using computer generated random table. Group ETC (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Esophageal tracheal combitube, Group EzT (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Easy Tube and Group LTS (n=30): Patients whose airway was managed using Laryngeal tube suction. The time taken to insert the device was recorded in each instance in all the groups. For comparison of qualitative data, Chi square test was used. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: When compared, use of Combitube, EasyTube and Laryngeal Tube Suction was associated with statistically similar intraoperative airway pressures, dynamic compliance, airway resistance, SpO2, and EtCO2 (p>0.05). Combitube and EasyTube resulted in significantly higher incidence of mucosal trauma detected by presence of blood on the device after its removal and an insignificant increase in incidence of postoperative sore throat (p>0.05). Combitube placement resulted in significantly higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia as compared to easy tube and laryngeal tube suction(p<0.05). But the nature of all these complaints was mild and no active intervention was required in any case. Conclusion: We concluded that based on our observations, if and when Combitube, EasyTube or Laryngeal Tube Suction is used for emergency airway management, it can be continued for conduct of general anaesthesia in surgeries of moderate duration.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128329151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Platelet disorders are commonly encountered clinical problems that may lead to severe bleeding episodes requiring transfusion or hospitalization. Present study is focussed on determining etiopathological profile of thrombocytopenia which is a quantitative platelet disorder. Subjects and Methods: The data for this study was collected by 100 patient evaluation was done by detailed history taking, Clinical examination and relevant investigations using a proforma specially designed for this study in Santokba Durlabhji Hospital, Jaipur. EDTA blood samples were taken for CBC, Hb, APC, estimation and citrated blood in 1:9 dilution were taken for PT & PTTK estimation. Results: In our study incidence of petechiae, ecchymosis & malena was does not depend on age group, but epistaxis & Haemetemesis depends on age group. Here using Pearson Chi-Square test we conclude p value to be significant (p<0.05) thus supporting the basis of this study that incidence of various etiologies of thrombocytopenia varies according to age group. Male & female ratio was 2.12:1was seen in this study. Conclusion: This study is to provide a firm knowledge of the major causes of thrombocytopenia and to form a broad differential diagnosis. Present study infers that various etiologies can be attributed to specific age groups. Moreover different manifestations of thrombocytopenia also vary according to age group.
{"title":"A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Etiopathological Profile Represents the Various Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Their Comparison among Different Age Groups & Sex","authors":"Akansha Sharma, Jaipur Rajasthan India Attached J.K. Lon Hospitals, Ashwini Gupta","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.pe2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.pe2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Platelet disorders are commonly encountered clinical problems that may lead to severe bleeding episodes requiring transfusion or hospitalization. Present study is focussed on determining etiopathological profile of thrombocytopenia which is a quantitative platelet disorder. Subjects and Methods: The data for this study was collected by 100 patient evaluation was done by detailed history taking, Clinical examination and relevant investigations using a proforma specially designed for this study in Santokba Durlabhji Hospital, Jaipur. EDTA blood samples were taken for CBC, Hb, APC, estimation and citrated blood in 1:9 dilution were taken for PT & PTTK estimation. Results: In our study incidence of petechiae, ecchymosis & malena was does not depend on age group, but epistaxis & Haemetemesis depends on age group. Here using Pearson Chi-Square test we conclude p value to be significant (p<0.05) thus supporting the basis of this study that incidence of various etiologies of thrombocytopenia varies according to age group. Male & female ratio was 2.12:1was seen in this study. Conclusion: This study is to provide a firm knowledge of the major causes of thrombocytopenia and to form a broad differential diagnosis. Present study infers that various etiologies can be attributed to specific age groups. Moreover different manifestations of thrombocytopenia also vary according to age group.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128741157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.or1
R. Bhardwaj, Kaushlendra Kumar, V. Vikas, Jujhar Singh, R. Ramesh, Consultant
Background: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most frequent fractures affecting the paediatric elbow and their correct management is important because they can cause catastrophic complications. Hence; the present study was undertaken for comparing the efficacy of two different techniques of management of Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 children with displaced supracondylar fractures who presented to the emergency department were recruited in this study. Group 1 consisted of patients who were treated with medial lateral pin fixation, and group 2 consisted of patients who were treated with 2 lateral parallel pin fixations. Treatment was carried out in all the patients under septic conditions under the hands of skilled and experienced orthopaedic surgeons. Outcome was assessed in all the patients and was compared. All the results were summarized in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: Mean elbow extension loss among subjects of group 1 was 7.08 degree while among the subjects of group 2 was 7.09 degree. Mean elbow flexion loss among subjects of group 1 was 9.57 degree while among the subjects of group 2 was 10.28 degree. Non-significant results were obtained while comparing the mean elbow extension and elbow flexion loss among subjects of both the study groups. Conclusion: Both the techniques can be used with equal efficacy for treating supracondylar fractures of humerus in children.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Management of Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children by Two Techniques: An Institutional Based Prospective Study","authors":"R. Bhardwaj, Kaushlendra Kumar, V. Vikas, Jujhar Singh, R. Ramesh, Consultant","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.or1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.or1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most frequent fractures affecting the paediatric elbow and their correct management is important because they can cause catastrophic complications. Hence; the present study was undertaken for comparing the efficacy of two different techniques of management of Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 children with displaced supracondylar fractures who presented to the emergency department were recruited in this study. Group 1 consisted of patients who were treated with medial lateral pin fixation, and group 2 consisted of patients who were treated with 2 lateral parallel pin fixations. Treatment was carried out in all the patients under septic conditions under the hands of skilled and experienced orthopaedic surgeons. Outcome was assessed in all the patients and was compared. All the results were summarized in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: Mean elbow extension loss among subjects of group 1 was 7.08 degree while among the subjects of group 2 was 7.09 degree. Mean elbow flexion loss among subjects of group 1 was 9.57 degree while among the subjects of group 2 was 10.28 degree. Non-significant results were obtained while comparing the mean elbow extension and elbow flexion loss among subjects of both the study groups. Conclusion: Both the techniques can be used with equal efficacy for treating supracondylar fractures of humerus in children.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.sg1
Sukhdev Choudhary
Background: Diarrhea is a common problem affecting up to 5% of the population at a given time. Patients vary in their definition of diarrhea, citing loose stool consistency, increased frequency, urgency of bowel movements, or incontinence as key symptoms. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare various treatment modalities in treating diarrhoea patients at a tertiary care centre. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare various treatment modalities in treating 240 diarrhoea patients. All the patients were grouped into three study groups with 80 patients in each group: group 1- included patients who were given Metronidazole therapy, group 2- patients who were given Ofloxacin therapy, and group 3 – patients who were given Norfloxacin therapy. Stool samples were obtained from patients of all the study groups for assessing the effectiveness of treatment therapy. Only clinical success was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and level of significance was assessed using Chi- square test. Results: In our study total sample size was 240 in which 175 were males and 65 were females. In group 1 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day were 29 and more than 4 times per day were 53 whereas in group 2 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day were 34 and more than 4 times per day were 49 and in group 3 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day was 31 and more than 4 times per day were 44. The clinical success of group 1 was 96% , group 2 was 93.97% and group 3 was 93.33%. Conclusion: Present study concluded that Metronidazole therapy had better clinical success than Ofloxacin therapy and Norfloxacin therapy.
{"title":"Evaluation of Various Treatment Modalities in Treating Diarrhoea Patient’s at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Sukhdev Choudhary","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.sg1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.sg1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea is a common problem affecting up to 5% of the population at a given time. Patients vary in their definition of diarrhea, citing loose stool consistency, increased frequency, urgency of bowel movements, or incontinence as key symptoms. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare various treatment modalities in treating diarrhoea patients at a tertiary care centre. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare various treatment modalities in treating 240 diarrhoea patients. All the patients were grouped into three study groups with 80 patients in each group: group 1- included patients who were given Metronidazole therapy, group 2- patients who were given Ofloxacin therapy, and group 3 – patients who were given Norfloxacin therapy. Stool samples were obtained from patients of all the study groups for assessing the effectiveness of treatment therapy. Only clinical success was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and level of significance was assessed using Chi- square test. Results: In our study total sample size was 240 in which 175 were males and 65 were females. In group 1 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day were 29 and more than 4 times per day were 53 whereas in group 2 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day were 34 and more than 4 times per day were 49 and in group 3 patients with 3 to 4 times stool per day was 31 and more than 4 times per day were 44. The clinical success of group 1 was 96% , group 2 was 93.97% and group 3 was 93.33%. Conclusion: Present study concluded that Metronidazole therapy had better clinical success than Ofloxacin therapy and Norfloxacin therapy.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128954307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me2
K. Harikrishnan, C. Sridhar, K. Raja, N. Narayanan, B. Elavazhagan
Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nicotine, an important component of cigarette smoke is known to cause electrophysiological changes on the ECG which if identified early can contribute to prevention of Coronary artery disease. Objective: To evaluate the association of ECG changes in smokers compared with non -smokers. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in a Government Medical College in Chennai comprising of 150 healthy male smokers (with no known pre-existing disease) divided into three groups based on pack years of smoking and a fourth group of 50 healthy male non-smokers that served as the control group. A resting 12 lead ECG was taken for all the study participants and the ECG parameters were analysed. Simple descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and student’s independent t-test were employed for statistical analysis of the data. Results: ECG abnormalities were found to be more prevalent in smokers (23.33%) than in non smokers (10%) The ECG changes observed were an increased heart rate, increased QTc interval, increased P wave amplitude and decreased S-T segment duration even in apparently young healthy smokers. A statistically significant association was also seen between the prevalence of ECG changes and pack years of 5 or more. Conclusion: Electrophysiological changes develop even in healthy smokers, increasing with higher pack years of smoking. The ECG is a simple, cost effective tool that can be used to motivate smoking cessation and early intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Risk by Early ECG Changes in Smokers – A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"K. Harikrishnan, C. Sridhar, K. Raja, N. Narayanan, B. Elavazhagan","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.me2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nicotine, an important component of cigarette smoke is known to cause electrophysiological changes on the ECG which if identified early can contribute to prevention of Coronary artery disease. Objective: To evaluate the association of ECG changes in smokers compared with non -smokers. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in a Government Medical College in Chennai comprising of 150 healthy male smokers (with no known pre-existing disease) divided into three groups based on pack years of smoking and a fourth group of 50 healthy male non-smokers that served as the control group. A resting 12 lead ECG was taken for all the study participants and the ECG parameters were analysed. Simple descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and student’s independent t-test were employed for statistical analysis of the data. Results: ECG abnormalities were found to be more prevalent in smokers (23.33%) than in non smokers (10%) The ECG changes observed were an increased heart rate, increased QTc interval, increased P wave amplitude and decreased S-T segment duration even in apparently young healthy smokers. A statistically significant association was also seen between the prevalence of ECG changes and pack years of 5 or more. Conclusion: Electrophysiological changes develop even in healthy smokers, increasing with higher pack years of smoking. The ECG is a simple, cost effective tool that can be used to motivate smoking cessation and early intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132322497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an5
Dushyant M. Nijhawan, R. Chawla, M. Saxena, S. Dixit, Vidushi Sharma
Background: The gold standard for pulmonary artery pressure measurement is right heart catheterization. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical value of the RPAD index in dogs with varying degrees of pulmonary hypertension. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 dogs. Dogs were divided in four groups according to the TRPG value (<36 mmHg, 36–50 mmHg, 51–75 mmHg, or >75 mmHg). In all dogs, presence of signs commonly associated with PH was recorded. Results: Out of 40 dogs, male dogs were 25 and female dogs were 15. Common clinical features were coughing in 24, tachypnea in 11, weakness in 18, dyspnea in 27, syncope in 5 and hemoptysis in 34. The mean heart rate in group I was 130.2, in group II was 121.4, in group III was 141.3 and in group IV was 147.5. Clinical score in group I was 2.5, in group II was 3.7, in group III was 5.11 and in group IV was 5.8. Mean radiology score was 1.3 in group I, 2.4 in group II, 2.9 in group III and 3.8 in group IV. Fractional shortening was 46.5% in group I, 50.3% in group II, 55.4% in group III and 53.2% in group IV. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found significant difference in mean heart rate, clinical score, radiology score and fractional shortening in dogs with different pulmonary pressure.
{"title":"To Assess the Clinical Value of the RPAD Index in Dogs with Varying Degrees of Pulmonary Hypertension","authors":"Dushyant M. Nijhawan, R. Chawla, M. Saxena, S. Dixit, Vidushi Sharma","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.an5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The gold standard for pulmonary artery pressure measurement is right heart catheterization. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical value of the RPAD index in dogs with varying degrees of pulmonary hypertension. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 dogs. Dogs were divided in four groups according to the TRPG value (<36 mmHg, 36–50 mmHg, 51–75 mmHg, or >75 mmHg). In all dogs, presence of signs commonly associated with PH was recorded. Results: Out of 40 dogs, male dogs were 25 and female dogs were 15. Common clinical features were coughing in 24, tachypnea in 11, weakness in 18, dyspnea in 27, syncope in 5 and hemoptysis in 34. The mean heart rate in group I was 130.2, in group II was 121.4, in group III was 141.3 and in group IV was 147.5. Clinical score in group I was 2.5, in group II was 3.7, in group III was 5.11 and in group IV was 5.8. Mean radiology score was 1.3 in group I, 2.4 in group II, 2.9 in group III and 3.8 in group IV. Fractional shortening was 46.5% in group I, 50.3% in group II, 55.4% in group III and 53.2% in group IV. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found significant difference in mean heart rate, clinical score, radiology score and fractional shortening in dogs with different pulmonary pressure.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129943141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.rd2
Praveen Kumar Monagari
Background: Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity. The present study was conducted to assess utility of CT scan in assessment of paranasal sinus pathologies. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 96 patients with pathologies of PNS of both genders. All patients were subjected to CT scan using Planmica machine. Results: Age group 20-30 years had 32 patients, 30-40 years had 38 patients and 40-50 years had 14 patients and > 50 years had 12 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Common pathologies were inflammatory seen in 40 patients, sinusitis in 32, neoplastic in 8, polyposis in 6, sinus hypoplasia in 5 and others in 4 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). CT findings were sclerosis seen in 2 benign and 1 malignant lesions, erosions 1 each in benign and malignant, thinning 1 each in benign and malignant and increase sinus size 1 in malignant lesions. Conclusion: Authors found that CT scan is useful in assessment of lesions of paranansal sinus. Common pathologies were inflammatory, sinusitis, neoplastic, polyposis and sinus hypoplasia.
{"title":"Utility of CT Scan in Assessment of Paranasal Sinus Pathology","authors":"Praveen Kumar Monagari","doi":"10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.rd2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.4.rd2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity. The present study was conducted to assess utility of CT scan in assessment of paranasal sinus pathologies. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 96 patients with pathologies of PNS of both genders. All patients were subjected to CT scan using Planmica machine. Results: Age group 20-30 years had 32 patients, 30-40 years had 38 patients and 40-50 years had 14 patients and > 50 years had 12 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Common pathologies were inflammatory seen in 40 patients, sinusitis in 32, neoplastic in 8, polyposis in 6, sinus hypoplasia in 5 and others in 4 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). CT findings were sclerosis seen in 2 benign and 1 malignant lesions, erosions 1 each in benign and malignant, thinning 1 each in benign and malignant and increase sinus size 1 in malignant lesions. Conclusion: Authors found that CT scan is useful in assessment of lesions of paranansal sinus. Common pathologies were inflammatory, sinusitis, neoplastic, polyposis and sinus hypoplasia.","PeriodicalId":407051,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128839214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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