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2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)最新文献

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A new methodology for noise sensor placement based on association rule mining 基于关联规则挖掘的噪声传感器放置新方法
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902973
Yu-Hsiang Hung, Sheng-Hsin Fang, Hung-Ming Chen, Shen-Min Chen, Chang-Tzu Lin, Chia-Hsin Lee
Due to near-threshold computing nowadays, voltage emergency is threatening our design margins very seriously. Noise sensors are inserted in order to prevent various integrity issues from happening during runtime. In this work, we use a new technique based on association rule mining to plan and place noise sensors. This new methodology can consider the miss rate (the probability of any node occurring voltage emergency without any detection by placed sensors) and simultaneously minimize the number of sensors utilized. The results show that our approach is very effective in converging the miss rate to zero by the least number of sensors. Compared with the state-of-the-art, we can reduce the number of sensors by half in benchmarks while the miss rate is comparable or even smaller than the prior work.
在近阈值计算的今天,电压突发严重威胁着我们的设计余量。插入噪声传感器是为了防止在运行期间发生各种完整性问题。在这项工作中,我们使用了一种基于关联规则挖掘的新技术来规划和放置噪声传感器。该方法可以考虑漏检率(即任何节点在没有传感器检测的情况下发生电压紧急情况的概率),同时最大限度地减少传感器的使用数量。结果表明,该方法可以有效地利用最少的传感器数量将脱靶率收敛到零。与最先进的技术相比,我们可以在基准测试中将传感器数量减少一半,而脱靶率与之前的工作相当甚至更小。
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引用次数: 0
Modular placement for interposer based multi-FPGA systems 基于中介器的多fpga系统的模块化布局
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903025
Fubing Mao, Wei Zhang, Bo Feng, Bingsheng He, Yuchun Ma
Novel device with multiple FPGAs on-chip based on interposer interconnection has emerged to resolve the IOs limit and improve the inter-FPGA communication delay. However, new challenges arise for the placement on such architecture. Firstly, existing work does not consider the detailed models for the path wirelength and delay estimation for interposer, which may significantly affect the placement quality. Secondly, previous work is mostly based on traditional tile-based placement which is slow for the placement of large design on multiple FPGAs. In this paper, we propose a new fast two-stage modular placement flow for interposer based multiple FPGAs aiming for delay optimization with the incorporation of a detailed interposer routing model for wirelength and delay estimation. Firstly, we adopt the force-directed method for its global property to get an efficient solution as a start point of the placement. Secondly, we adopt the simulated annealing (SA) for its efficiency and effectiveness in searching the refinement solution. In order to speed up the refinement, the hierarchical B*-tree (HB*-tree) is employed to enable a fast search and convergence. The experiments demonstrate that our flow can achieve an efficient solution in a comparable time. The proposed approach is scalable to different design size.
基于中间层互连的多fpga片上器件解决了io限制,改善了fpga间通信延迟。然而,在这样的体系结构上的放置出现了新的挑战。首先,现有的工作没有考虑到中间干扰器的路径长度和延迟估计的详细模型,这可能会严重影响放置质量。其次,以前的工作大多是基于传统的基于瓷砖的放置,对于在多个fpga上放置大型设计来说速度很慢。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的快速两阶段模块化放置流程,用于基于中介器的多个fpga,旨在延迟优化,并结合了用于无线和延迟估计的详细中介器路由模型。首先,针对其全局特性,采用力导向方法得到一个有效的解,作为放置的起点。其次,我们采用模拟退火(SA),以提高其搜索细化解的效率和有效性。为了加快优化速度,采用层次B*树(HB*-tree)实现快速搜索和收敛。实验表明,该流程可以在相当的时间内实现高效的求解。所提出的方法可扩展到不同的设计尺寸。
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引用次数: 11
Medical device security: The first 165 years 医疗器械安全:前165年
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902964
Kevin Fu
Today, it would be difficult to find medical device technology that does not critically depend on computer software. Network connectivity and wireless communication has transformed the delivery of patient care. The technology often enables patients to lead more normal and healthy lives. However, medical devices that rely on software (e.g., drug infusion pumps, linear accelerators, pacemakers) also inherit the pesky cybersecurity risks endemic to computing. What's special about medical devices and cybersecurity? What's hype and what's real? What can history teach us? How are international standards bodies and regulatory cybersecurity requirements changing the global manufacture of medical devices? This talk will provide a glimpse into the risks, benefits, and regulatory issues for medical device cybersecurity and innovation of trustworthy medical device software.
今天,很难找到不严重依赖计算机软件的医疗设备技术。网络连接和无线通信已经改变了病人护理的方式。这项技术通常能使患者过上更正常、更健康的生活。然而,依赖于软件的医疗设备(例如,药物输液泵、线性加速器、起搏器)也继承了计算特有的恼人的网络安全风险。医疗设备和网络安全有什么特别之处?什么是炒作,什么是真实?历史能教给我们什么?国际标准机构和监管网络安全要求如何改变全球医疗器械制造?本次演讲将提供一个关于医疗设备网络安全和值得信赖的医疗设备软件创新的风险,收益和监管问题的一瞥。
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引用次数: 1
Ultra-robust null convention logic circuit with emerging domain wall devices 具有新兴域壁器件的超鲁棒零约定逻辑电路
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903019
Yu Bai, Bo Hu, W. Kuang, Mingjie Lin
Despite many attractive advantages, Null Convention Logic (NCL) remains to be a niche largely due to its high implementation costs. Using emerging spintronic devices, this paper proposes a Domain-Wall-Motion-based NCL circuit design methodology that achieves approximately 30× and 8× improvements in energy efficiency and chip layout area, respectively, over its equivalent CMOS design, while maintaining similar delay performance for a 32-bit full adder. These advantages are made possible mostly by exploiting the domain wall motion physics to natively realize the hysteresis critically needed in NCL. More Interestingly, this design choice achieves ultra-high robustness by allowing spintronic device parameters to vary within a predetermined range while still achieving correct operations.
尽管有许多吸引人的优点,空约定逻辑(NCL)仍然是一个小众市场,主要是因为它的高实现成本。利用新兴的自旋电子器件,本文提出了一种基于domain - wall - motion的NCL电路设计方法,与等效CMOS设计相比,该方法在能效和芯片布局面积方面分别提高了约30倍和8倍,同时保持了32位全加器的类似延迟性能。这些优势主要是通过利用畴壁运动物理来实现NCL中急需的滞回。更有趣的是,这种设计选择通过允许自旋电子器件参数在预定范围内变化而仍然实现正确的操作,从而实现超高的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 4
Hardware security threats and potential countermeasures in emerging 3D ICs 新兴3D集成电路的硬件安全威胁及潜在对策
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903014
Jaya Dofe, Qiaoyan Yu, Hailang Wang, E. Salman
New hardware security threats are identified in emerging three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) and potential counter-measures are introduced. Trigger and payload mechanisms for future 3D hardware Trojans are predicted. Furthermore, a novel, network-on-chip based 3D obfuscation method is proposed to block the direct communication between two commercial dies in a 3D structure, thus thwarting reverse engineering attacks on the vertical dimension. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively obfuscates the cross-plane communication by increasing the reverse engineering time by approximately 5× as compared to using direct through silicon via (TSV) connections. The proposed method consumes approximately one fifth the area and power of a typical network-on-chip designed in a 65 nm technology, exhibiting limited overhead.
在新兴的三维集成电路中发现了新的硬件安全威胁,并介绍了可能的应对措施。预测了未来3D硬件木马的触发和有效载荷机制。此外,提出了一种新颖的基于片上网络的三维混淆方法,以阻止三维结构中两个商用模具之间的直接通信,从而阻止垂直维度上的逆向工程攻击。仿真结果表明,与使用直接通硅孔(TSV)连接相比,该方法将逆向工程时间增加了约5倍,有效地混淆了跨平面通信。所提出的方法消耗的面积和功率大约是65nm技术设计的典型片上网络的五分之一,显示出有限的开销。
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引用次数: 35
Dynamic real-time scheduler for large-scale MPSoCs 大规模mpsoc动态实时调度器
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903027
Marcelo Ruaro, F. Moraes
Large-scale MPSoCs requires a scalable and dynamic real-time (RT) task scheduler, able to handle non-deterministic computational behaviors. Current proposals for MPSoCs have limitations, as lack of scalability, complex static steps, validation with abstract models, or are not flexible to enable changes at runtime of the RT constraints. This work proposes a hierarchical task scheduler with monitoring features. The scheduler is dynamic, supporting changes in RT constraints at runtime. An API enables these features allowing to the application developer to reconfigure the tasks' period, deadline, and execution time by annotating the task code. At runtime, according to the task execution, the scheduler handles the API calls and adjust itself to ensure RT guarantees according to the new constraints. Scalability is ensured by dividing the scheduler into two hierarchical levels: LS (Local Schedulers), and CS (Cluster Schedulers). The LS runs at the processor level, using the LST (Least Slack-Time) algorithm. The CS runs at the cluster level, i.e., a group of processors controlled by a manager processor. The CS receives messages from the LSs, informing the processor slack-time, deadline violations, and RT changes. The CS implements an RT adaptation heuristic, triggering task migrations according to RT reconfiguration or deadline misses. Results show a negligible overhead in the applications' execution time and the fulfillment of the applications' RT constraints even with a high degree of resources sharing, in both processors and NoC.
大规模mpsoc需要一个可扩展的动态实时(RT)任务调度程序,能够处理不确定的计算行为。当前针对mpsoc的建议存在局限性,如缺乏可伸缩性、复杂的静态步骤、使用抽象模型进行验证,或者在运行时支持RT约束的更改时不够灵活。本文提出了一种具有监控功能的分层任务调度程序。调度器是动态的,支持在运行时对RT约束进行更改。API支持这些特性,允许应用程序开发人员通过注释任务代码来重新配置任务的周期、截止日期和执行时间。在运行时,根据任务执行情况,调度器处理API调用并调整自身,以根据新的约束确保RT保证。通过将调度器划分为两个层次级别:LS(本地调度器)和CS(集群调度器),可以确保可伸缩性。LS在处理器级别运行,使用LST (Least slacktime)算法。CS在集群级运行,即由管理器处理器控制的一组处理器。CS从LSs接收消息,通知处理器空闲时间、截止日期违反和RT更改。CS实现RT自适应启发式,根据RT重新配置或错过截止日期触发任务迁移。结果表明,即使在处理器和NoC中具有高度的资源共享,应用程序的执行时间开销和应用程序的RT约束的实现也可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 7
Parameter-importance based Monte-Carlo technique for variation-aware analog yield optimization 基于参数重要性的变化感知模拟良率优化蒙特卡罗技术
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903018
Sita Kondamadugula, S. Naidu
The Monte-Carlo method is the method of choice for accurate yield estimation. Standard Monte-Carlo methods suffer from a huge computational burden even though they are very accurate. Recently a Monte-Carlo method was proposed for the parametric yield estimation of digital integrated circuits [13] that achieves significant computational savings at no loss of accuracy by focusing on those statistical variables that have a significant impact on yield. We adapt this technique to the context of analog circuit yield estimation. The inputs to the proposed method are the designable parameters, the uncontrollable statistical variations, and the operating conditions of interest. The technique of [13] operates on a linear model of circuit variations. In our work we first convexify the nonlinear design constraints to obtain a convex feasible region. We then consider an accurate polytope-approximation of the convex feasible region by taking tangent hyperplanes at various points on the surface of the convex region. The hyperplanes give rise to a matrix of design variable sensitivities, which is then used to glean information about the importance of design variables for yield estimation. Finally the knowledge of which design variables are very important for yield estimation is used to allow the Monte-Carlo technique achieve a lower error compared to standard Monte-Carlo in the same amount of simulation time.
蒙特卡罗方法是准确估计产量的首选方法。标准蒙特卡罗方法虽然精度很高,但计算量很大。最近提出了一种用于数字集成电路参数良率估计的蒙特卡罗方法[13],该方法通过关注那些对良率有重大影响的统计变量,在不损失精度的情况下实现了显著的计算节省。我们将此技术应用于模拟电路的良率估计。该方法的输入是可设计参数、不可控统计变量和感兴趣的操作条件。[13]的技术在电路变化的线性模型上运行。本文首先对非线性设计约束进行凸化,得到凸可行域。然后,我们通过在凸区域表面的各个点上取切超平面来考虑凸可行区域的精确多边形逼近。超平面产生一个设计变量敏感性矩阵,该矩阵用于收集有关设计变量对产量估计的重要性的信息。最后,利用对产量估计非常重要的设计变量的知识,使蒙特卡罗技术在相同的模拟时间内比标准蒙特卡罗技术实现更低的误差。
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引用次数: 8
Security meets nanoelectronics for Internet of things applications 安全满足物联网应用的纳米电子学
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903045
G. Rose
The internet of things (IoT) is quickly emerging as the next major domain for embedded computer systems. Although the term IoT could be defined in a variety of different ways, IoT always encompasses typically ordinary devices (e.g., thermostats and kitchen appliances) augmented with computational power that allows regular communication via the internet. Given the simplicity of typical IoT devices, their on-board computer systems must also be simple in the sense that they be small and consume minimal power. However, the IoT itself presents new privacy and security concerns that must be considered when designing IoT devices. In order to provide robust security with minimal area and power overhead, it is the premise of this paper that IoT security be implemented using nanoelectronic security primitives and nano-enabled security protocols. Such nanoscale security primitives are expected to utilize a very small amount of area and consume a negligible amount of power, all while providing the required levels of security. This paper presents some examples of nanoelectronic security primitives and discusses how such circuits and systems can be of use for inclusion in emerging IoT devices.
物联网(IoT)正迅速成为嵌入式计算机系统的下一个主要领域。尽管物联网一词可以以各种不同的方式定义,但物联网总是包括典型的普通设备(例如恒温器和厨房电器),增强了计算能力,可以通过互联网进行常规通信。考虑到典型物联网设备的简单性,它们的车载计算机系统也必须简单,因为它们体积小,功耗最小。然而,物联网本身提出了在设计物联网设备时必须考虑的新的隐私和安全问题。为了以最小的面积和功耗开销提供强大的安全性,本文的前提是使用纳米电子安全原语和纳米支持的安全协议实现物联网安全。这种纳米级的安全原语预计将利用非常小的面积,消耗可忽略不计的功率,同时提供所需的安全级别。本文介绍了纳米电子安全原语的一些示例,并讨论了如何将此类电路和系统用于新兴物联网设备。
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引用次数: 13
Fast thermal simulation using SystemC-AMS 使用SystemC-AMS进行快速热模拟
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902975
Yukai Chen, S. Vinco, E. Macii, M. Poncino
Out of the many options available for thermal simulation of digital electronic systems, those based on solving an RC equivalent circuit of the thermal network are the most popular choice in the EDA community, as they provide a reasonable tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. HotSpot, in particular, has become the de-facto standard in these communities, although other simulators are also popular. These tools have many benefits, but they are relatively inefficient when performing thermal analysis for long simulation times, due to the occurrence of a large number of redundant computations intrinsic in the underlying models. This work shows how a standard description language, namely SystemC and its analog and mixed-signal (AMS) extension, can be used to successfully simulate the equivalent thermal network, by achieving accuracy comparable to existing simulators, yet with much better performance. Results show that SystemC-AMS thermal simulation can outpace HotSpot simulation by 10X to 90X, with speedup improving as the size of the thermal network increases, and negligible estimation error. As a further advantage, the adoption of the same language to describe functionality and temperature allows the simultaneous simulation of both dimensions with no co-simulation overhead, thus enhancing the overall design flow.
在众多可用于数字电子系统热模拟的选项中,基于求解热网络的RC等效电路的选项是EDA社区中最流行的选择,因为它们在精度和复杂性之间提供了合理的权衡。特别是HotSpot,已经成为这些社区事实上的标准,尽管其他模拟器也很流行。这些工具有很多好处,但是在执行长时间模拟的热分析时,由于底层模型中固有的大量冗余计算,它们的效率相对较低。这项工作展示了如何使用标准描述语言,即SystemC及其模拟和混合信号(AMS)扩展,通过实现与现有模拟器相当的精度,并具有更好的性能,成功地模拟等效热网络。结果表明,SystemC-AMS热模拟比HotSpot模拟速度快10 ~ 90倍,并且随着热网络规模的增大,加速速度提高,估计误差可以忽略不计。另一个优点是,采用相同的语言来描述功能和温度,可以同时模拟两个维度,而无需共同模拟开销,从而增强了整体设计流程。
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引用次数: 7
Guiding power/quality exploration for communication-intense stream processing 指导通信密集型流处理的功率/质量探索
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903004
H. Tabkhi, Majid Sabbagh, G. Schirner
In this paper, we explore the power/quality trade-off for streaming applications with a shift from the computation to the communication aspects of the design. The paper proposes a systematic exploration methodology to formulate and traverse power/quality trade-off for the class of adaptive streaming applications. The formalization enables to procedurally transition from a set of design requirements to architecture goals. The architecture goals can then be realized through design choices yielding system designs that meet the initial requirements. The reported results are based on an actual implementation of Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction on Xilinx Zynq platform.
在本文中,我们探讨了流应用的功率/质量权衡,从设计的计算方面转向通信方面。本文提出了一种系统的探索方法,用于制定和遍历自适应流应用类的功率/质量权衡。形式化使我们能够按程序从一组设计需求过渡到体系结构目标。然后可以通过产生满足初始需求的系统设计的设计选择来实现体系结构目标。报告的结果是基于在Xilinx Zynq平台上实际实现的混合高斯(MoG)背景减法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)
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