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2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)最新文献

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Modular placement for interposer based multi-FPGA systems 基于中介器的多fpga系统的模块化布局
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903025
Fubing Mao, Wei Zhang, Bo Feng, Bingsheng He, Yuchun Ma
Novel device with multiple FPGAs on-chip based on interposer interconnection has emerged to resolve the IOs limit and improve the inter-FPGA communication delay. However, new challenges arise for the placement on such architecture. Firstly, existing work does not consider the detailed models for the path wirelength and delay estimation for interposer, which may significantly affect the placement quality. Secondly, previous work is mostly based on traditional tile-based placement which is slow for the placement of large design on multiple FPGAs. In this paper, we propose a new fast two-stage modular placement flow for interposer based multiple FPGAs aiming for delay optimization with the incorporation of a detailed interposer routing model for wirelength and delay estimation. Firstly, we adopt the force-directed method for its global property to get an efficient solution as a start point of the placement. Secondly, we adopt the simulated annealing (SA) for its efficiency and effectiveness in searching the refinement solution. In order to speed up the refinement, the hierarchical B*-tree (HB*-tree) is employed to enable a fast search and convergence. The experiments demonstrate that our flow can achieve an efficient solution in a comparable time. The proposed approach is scalable to different design size.
基于中间层互连的多fpga片上器件解决了io限制,改善了fpga间通信延迟。然而,在这样的体系结构上的放置出现了新的挑战。首先,现有的工作没有考虑到中间干扰器的路径长度和延迟估计的详细模型,这可能会严重影响放置质量。其次,以前的工作大多是基于传统的基于瓷砖的放置,对于在多个fpga上放置大型设计来说速度很慢。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的快速两阶段模块化放置流程,用于基于中介器的多个fpga,旨在延迟优化,并结合了用于无线和延迟估计的详细中介器路由模型。首先,针对其全局特性,采用力导向方法得到一个有效的解,作为放置的起点。其次,我们采用模拟退火(SA),以提高其搜索细化解的效率和有效性。为了加快优化速度,采用层次B*树(HB*-tree)实现快速搜索和收敛。实验表明,该流程可以在相当的时间内实现高效的求解。所提出的方法可扩展到不同的设计尺寸。
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引用次数: 11
Modeling and study of two-BDT-nanostructure based sequential logic circuits 基于双bdt纳米结构的顺序逻辑电路建模与研究
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903001
P. Marthi, Sheikh Rufsan Reza, N. Hossain, J. Millithaler, M. Margala, I. Íñiguez-de-la-Torre, J. Mateos, T. González
In this paper, study of different digital logic circuits developed using two-BDT ballistic nanostructure is presented. New D flipflop (DFF) based on the same nanostructure is also proposed. The logic structure comprises two ballistic deflection transistors (BDTs) that are experimentally proven to operate at Terahertz frequencies. The non-linear behavior of the BDT's transfer characteristic has been perfectly reproduced by means of Monte Carlo simulations, where a specific attention has been devoted to surface charges. An analytical model built on the results of advanced MC simulations has been integrated into a behavioral Verilog AMS module to confirm the functionality of the circuit design. The module is used to analyze operating conditions of different combinational circuits and to investigate the feasibility of DFF design using BDT nanostructure. The simulation results indicate successful operation of both combinational and sequential circuits developed using two-BDT logic structure under proper biasing of gate and source terminals. The operating voltages of the proposed DFF are estimated to be ± 225mV.
本文研究了利用双bdt弹道纳米结构开发的不同数字逻辑电路。基于相同纳米结构的新型D触发器(DFF)也被提出。该逻辑结构包括两个弹道偏转晶体管(bdt),经实验证明可在太赫兹频率下工作。通过蒙特卡罗模拟,BDT传输特性的非线性行为得到了完美的再现,其中特别注意了表面电荷。基于先进MC仿真结果的分析模型已集成到行为Verilog AMS模块中,以确认电路设计的功能。该模块用于分析不同组合电路的工作条件,并研究利用BDT纳米结构设计DFF的可行性。仿真结果表明,在门端和源端适当偏置的情况下,采用双bdt逻辑结构开发的组合电路和顺序电路均能成功运行。该DFF的工作电压估计为±225mV。
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引用次数: 2
Computing complex functions using factorization in unipolar stochastic logic 用单极随机逻辑分解计算复函数
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902999
Yin Liu, K. Parhi
This paper addresses computing complex functions using unipolar stochastic logic. Stochastic computing requires simple logic gates and is inherently fault-tolerant. Thus, these structures are well suited for nanoscale CMOS technologies. Implementations of complex functions cost extremely low hardware complexity compared to traditional two's complement implementation. In this paper an approach based on polynomial factorization is proposed to compute functions in unipolar stochastic logic. In this approach, functions are expressed using polynomials, which are derived from Taylor expansion or Lagrange interpolation. Polynomials are implemented in stochastic logic by using factorization. Experimental results in terms of accuracy and hardware complexity are presented to compare the proposed designs of complex functions with previous implementations using Bernstein polynomials.
本文讨论了用单极随机逻辑计算复杂函数。随机计算需要简单的逻辑门,并且具有固有的容错性。因此,这些结构非常适合纳米级CMOS技术。与传统的两个互补实现相比,复杂功能的实现花费的硬件复杂性极低。本文提出了一种基于多项式分解的方法来计算单极随机逻辑中的函数。在这种方法中,函数是用多项式来表示的,而多项式是由泰勒展开或拉格朗日插值得来的。在随机逻辑中,多项式是通过因式分解实现的。在精度和硬件复杂性方面给出了实验结果,将所提出的复杂函数设计与以前使用伯恩斯坦多项式的实现进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
Parameter-importance based Monte-Carlo technique for variation-aware analog yield optimization 基于参数重要性的变化感知模拟良率优化蒙特卡罗技术
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903018
Sita Kondamadugula, S. Naidu
The Monte-Carlo method is the method of choice for accurate yield estimation. Standard Monte-Carlo methods suffer from a huge computational burden even though they are very accurate. Recently a Monte-Carlo method was proposed for the parametric yield estimation of digital integrated circuits [13] that achieves significant computational savings at no loss of accuracy by focusing on those statistical variables that have a significant impact on yield. We adapt this technique to the context of analog circuit yield estimation. The inputs to the proposed method are the designable parameters, the uncontrollable statistical variations, and the operating conditions of interest. The technique of [13] operates on a linear model of circuit variations. In our work we first convexify the nonlinear design constraints to obtain a convex feasible region. We then consider an accurate polytope-approximation of the convex feasible region by taking tangent hyperplanes at various points on the surface of the convex region. The hyperplanes give rise to a matrix of design variable sensitivities, which is then used to glean information about the importance of design variables for yield estimation. Finally the knowledge of which design variables are very important for yield estimation is used to allow the Monte-Carlo technique achieve a lower error compared to standard Monte-Carlo in the same amount of simulation time.
蒙特卡罗方法是准确估计产量的首选方法。标准蒙特卡罗方法虽然精度很高,但计算量很大。最近提出了一种用于数字集成电路参数良率估计的蒙特卡罗方法[13],该方法通过关注那些对良率有重大影响的统计变量,在不损失精度的情况下实现了显著的计算节省。我们将此技术应用于模拟电路的良率估计。该方法的输入是可设计参数、不可控统计变量和感兴趣的操作条件。[13]的技术在电路变化的线性模型上运行。本文首先对非线性设计约束进行凸化,得到凸可行域。然后,我们通过在凸区域表面的各个点上取切超平面来考虑凸可行区域的精确多边形逼近。超平面产生一个设计变量敏感性矩阵,该矩阵用于收集有关设计变量对产量估计的重要性的信息。最后,利用对产量估计非常重要的设计变量的知识,使蒙特卡罗技术在相同的模拟时间内比标准蒙特卡罗技术实现更低的误差。
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引用次数: 8
Approximate differential encoding for energy-efficient serial communication 近似差分编码节能串行通信
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902974
D. J. Pagliari, E. Macii, M. Poncino
Embedded computing systems include several off-chip serial links, that are typically used to interface processing elements with peripherals, such as sensors, actuators and I/O controllers. Because of the long physical lines of these connections, they can contribute significantly to the total energy consumption. On the other hand, many embedded applications are error resilient, i.e. they can tolerate intermediate approximations without a significant impact on the final quality of results. This feature can be exploited in serial buses to explore the trade-off between data approximations and energy consumption. We propose a simple yet very effective approximate encoding for reducing dynamic energy in serial buses. Our approach uses differential encoding as a baseline scheme, and extends it with bounded approximations to overcome the intrinsic limitations of differential encoding for data with low temporal correlation. We show that encoder and decoder for this algorithm can be implemented in hardware with no throughput loss and truly marginal power overheads. Nonetheless, our approach is superior to state-of-the-art approximate encodings, and for realistic inputs it reaches up to 95% power reduction with <;1% average error on decoded data.
嵌入式计算系统包括几个片外串行链路,通常用于将处理元件与外设(如传感器、执行器和I/O控制器)连接起来。由于这些连接的物理线路很长,它们对总能耗的贡献很大。另一方面,许多嵌入式应用程序具有抗错误能力,即它们可以容忍中间近似,而不会对最终结果质量产生重大影响。可以在串行总线中利用此特性来探索数据近似和能耗之间的权衡。我们提出了一种简单而有效的近似编码来减少串行总线的动态能量。我们的方法使用差分编码作为基准方案,并使用有界近似对其进行扩展,以克服差分编码对低时间相关性数据的固有限制。我们证明了该算法的编码器和解码器可以在硬件上实现,没有吞吐量损失和真正的边际功率开销。尽管如此,我们的方法优于最先进的近似编码,并且对于实际输入,它可以降低高达95%的功率,解码数据的平均误差< 1%。
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引用次数: 10
Ultra-robust null convention logic circuit with emerging domain wall devices 具有新兴域壁器件的超鲁棒零约定逻辑电路
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903019
Yu Bai, Bo Hu, W. Kuang, Mingjie Lin
Despite many attractive advantages, Null Convention Logic (NCL) remains to be a niche largely due to its high implementation costs. Using emerging spintronic devices, this paper proposes a Domain-Wall-Motion-based NCL circuit design methodology that achieves approximately 30× and 8× improvements in energy efficiency and chip layout area, respectively, over its equivalent CMOS design, while maintaining similar delay performance for a 32-bit full adder. These advantages are made possible mostly by exploiting the domain wall motion physics to natively realize the hysteresis critically needed in NCL. More Interestingly, this design choice achieves ultra-high robustness by allowing spintronic device parameters to vary within a predetermined range while still achieving correct operations.
尽管有许多吸引人的优点,空约定逻辑(NCL)仍然是一个小众市场,主要是因为它的高实现成本。利用新兴的自旋电子器件,本文提出了一种基于domain - wall - motion的NCL电路设计方法,与等效CMOS设计相比,该方法在能效和芯片布局面积方面分别提高了约30倍和8倍,同时保持了32位全加器的类似延迟性能。这些优势主要是通过利用畴壁运动物理来实现NCL中急需的滞回。更有趣的是,这种设计选择通过允许自旋电子器件参数在预定范围内变化而仍然实现正确的操作,从而实现超高的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 4
Survey of emerging technology based physical unclonable funtions 基于物理不可克隆功能的新兴技术综述
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903044
Ilia A. Bautista Adames, J. Das, S. Bhanja
Authentication of electronic devices has become critical. Hardware authentication is one way to enhance security of a chip. Along with software, it makes it harder for an intruder to access any computer, smart-phone, or other devices without authorization. One way of authenticating a device through hardware is to use the fabrication anomalies, which are random and unclonable. This mechanism is called a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). PUFs are easy to evaluate but hard to predict. PUF is a concept that gained popularity since the past decade, when researchers started taking advantage of the randomness of electrical signals in order to build a unique authentication block. This survey will show the state-of-the-art devices that are currently investigated as PUFs. The different technologies are compared by taking into account reproducibility, uniqueness, randomness, area, scalability, and compatibility with CMOS. Emphasis is put on technologies that are emerging and gaining commercial interest. Through comparisons, we will show their applicability to different environments.
电子设备的认证变得至关重要。硬件认证是提高芯片安全性的一种方法。与软件一起,它使入侵者在未经授权的情况下更难访问任何计算机、智能手机或其他设备。通过硬件验证设备的一种方法是使用制造异常,这是随机的和不可克隆的。这种机制被称为物理不可克隆功能(PUF)。puf很容易评估,但很难预测。PUF是一个从过去十年开始流行起来的概念,当时研究人员开始利用电信号的随机性来建立一个独特的身份验证块。这项调查将展示目前作为puf研究的最先进的设备。通过考虑再现性、唯一性、随机性、面积、可扩展性和与CMOS的兼容性,对不同的技术进行了比较。重点放在新兴和获得商业利益的技术上。通过比较,我们将展示它们对不同环境的适用性。
{"title":"Survey of emerging technology based physical unclonable funtions","authors":"Ilia A. Bautista Adames, J. Das, S. Bhanja","doi":"10.1145/2902961.2903044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2902961.2903044","url":null,"abstract":"Authentication of electronic devices has become critical. Hardware authentication is one way to enhance security of a chip. Along with software, it makes it harder for an intruder to access any computer, smart-phone, or other devices without authorization. One way of authenticating a device through hardware is to use the fabrication anomalies, which are random and unclonable. This mechanism is called a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF). PUFs are easy to evaluate but hard to predict. PUF is a concept that gained popularity since the past decade, when researchers started taking advantage of the randomness of electrical signals in order to build a unique authentication block. This survey will show the state-of-the-art devices that are currently investigated as PUFs. The different technologies are compared by taking into account reproducibility, uniqueness, randomness, area, scalability, and compatibility with CMOS. Emphasis is put on technologies that are emerging and gaining commercial interest. Through comparisons, we will show their applicability to different environments.","PeriodicalId":407054,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124345174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Fast thermal simulation using SystemC-AMS 使用SystemC-AMS进行快速热模拟
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902975
Yukai Chen, S. Vinco, E. Macii, M. Poncino
Out of the many options available for thermal simulation of digital electronic systems, those based on solving an RC equivalent circuit of the thermal network are the most popular choice in the EDA community, as they provide a reasonable tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. HotSpot, in particular, has become the de-facto standard in these communities, although other simulators are also popular. These tools have many benefits, but they are relatively inefficient when performing thermal analysis for long simulation times, due to the occurrence of a large number of redundant computations intrinsic in the underlying models. This work shows how a standard description language, namely SystemC and its analog and mixed-signal (AMS) extension, can be used to successfully simulate the equivalent thermal network, by achieving accuracy comparable to existing simulators, yet with much better performance. Results show that SystemC-AMS thermal simulation can outpace HotSpot simulation by 10X to 90X, with speedup improving as the size of the thermal network increases, and negligible estimation error. As a further advantage, the adoption of the same language to describe functionality and temperature allows the simultaneous simulation of both dimensions with no co-simulation overhead, thus enhancing the overall design flow.
在众多可用于数字电子系统热模拟的选项中,基于求解热网络的RC等效电路的选项是EDA社区中最流行的选择,因为它们在精度和复杂性之间提供了合理的权衡。特别是HotSpot,已经成为这些社区事实上的标准,尽管其他模拟器也很流行。这些工具有很多好处,但是在执行长时间模拟的热分析时,由于底层模型中固有的大量冗余计算,它们的效率相对较低。这项工作展示了如何使用标准描述语言,即SystemC及其模拟和混合信号(AMS)扩展,通过实现与现有模拟器相当的精度,并具有更好的性能,成功地模拟等效热网络。结果表明,SystemC-AMS热模拟比HotSpot模拟速度快10 ~ 90倍,并且随着热网络规模的增大,加速速度提高,估计误差可以忽略不计。另一个优点是,采用相同的语言来描述功能和温度,可以同时模拟两个维度,而无需共同模拟开销,从而增强了整体设计流程。
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引用次数: 7
Asynchronous high speed serial links analysis using integrated charge for event detection 异步高速串行链路分析使用集成电荷事件检测
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2902998
Aditya Dalakoti, Carrie Segal, Merritt Miller, F. Brewer
We present a metric for event detection, targeted for the analysis of CMOS asynchronous serial data links. Our metric is used to analyze signaling strategies that allow for coincident or nearly coincident detection of both data and event timing. The metric predicts that the CMOS link signaling mechanism has substantial implicit dispersion and intersymbol interference [ISI] tolerance when compared to conventionally timed links. In fact, it predicts correct link operation in situations where eye-diagram techniques predict link failure. Practical operation margins and metrics are described and evaluated for PCB and cabling solutions suggesting 10+ Gb/s low-power asynchronous links could be implemented in CMOS 130nm technology.
我们提出了一个度量的事件检测,针对CMOS异步串行数据链路的分析。我们的度量用于分析信令策略,这些策略允许同时或几乎同时检测数据和事件定时。该指标预测,与传统定时链路相比,CMOS链路信号机制具有相当大的隐式色散和码间干扰容忍能力。事实上,在眼图技术预测链接故障的情况下,它预测正确的链接操作。对PCB和布线解决方案的实际操作边际和指标进行了描述和评估,表明可以在CMOS 130nm技术中实现10+ Gb/s低功耗异步链路。
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引用次数: 2
Guiding power/quality exploration for communication-intense stream processing 指导通信密集型流处理的功率/质量探索
Pub Date : 2016-05-18 DOI: 10.1145/2902961.2903004
H. Tabkhi, Majid Sabbagh, G. Schirner
In this paper, we explore the power/quality trade-off for streaming applications with a shift from the computation to the communication aspects of the design. The paper proposes a systematic exploration methodology to formulate and traverse power/quality trade-off for the class of adaptive streaming applications. The formalization enables to procedurally transition from a set of design requirements to architecture goals. The architecture goals can then be realized through design choices yielding system designs that meet the initial requirements. The reported results are based on an actual implementation of Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction on Xilinx Zynq platform.
在本文中,我们探讨了流应用的功率/质量权衡,从设计的计算方面转向通信方面。本文提出了一种系统的探索方法,用于制定和遍历自适应流应用类的功率/质量权衡。形式化使我们能够按程序从一组设计需求过渡到体系结构目标。然后可以通过产生满足初始需求的系统设计的设计选择来实现体系结构目标。报告的结果是基于在Xilinx Zynq平台上实际实现的混合高斯(MoG)背景减法。
{"title":"Guiding power/quality exploration for communication-intense stream processing","authors":"H. Tabkhi, Majid Sabbagh, G. Schirner","doi":"10.1145/2902961.2903004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2902961.2903004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the power/quality trade-off for streaming applications with a shift from the computation to the communication aspects of the design. The paper proposes a systematic exploration methodology to formulate and traverse power/quality trade-off for the class of adaptive streaming applications. The formalization enables to procedurally transition from a set of design requirements to architecture goals. The architecture goals can then be realized through design choices yielding system designs that meet the initial requirements. The reported results are based on an actual implementation of Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction on Xilinx Zynq platform.","PeriodicalId":407054,"journal":{"name":"2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128916622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)
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