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Flame weeding: Effects of burner angle on weed control and temperature patterns 火焰除草:燃烧器角度对除草控制和温度模式的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362505
J. Ascard
The effects of flame burner angle on control of small weeds were studied in the field. An open burner was directed at five angles towards the ground: 45 and 67° aimed forwards and backwards, and 90° straight down. A burner angle of 67° directed backwards gave the highest weed reduction, but there were no significant differences between the effects of the different burner angles. Weed species with protected growing points were tolerant to flames, whereas species with sensitive leaves and exposed growing points were susceptible. Temperatures in the flame were measured 1 cm above the ground in a rail track in the laboratory with the same burner angles and speed that were used in the field. The temperature‐time curves were analysed for maximum temperatures as well as the period of time and temperature sum above certain temperatures. There were significant differences in temperature between different burner angles but no significant relationships between the different thermal parameters obtained in the laborat...
在田间试验中,研究了火焰燃烧器角度对小杂草的控制效果。一个开式燃烧器以5个角度指向地面:45°和67°分别指向前方和后方,90°垂直向下。67°后向燃烧器减除杂草效果最好,但不同角度的减除效果无显著差异。生长点受保护的杂草耐火,生长点外露的杂草耐火。火焰的温度是在实验室轨道上离地面1厘米的地方测量的,与现场使用的燃烧器角度和速度相同。分析了温度-时间曲线的最高温度,以及在一定温度以上的时间和温度总和。不同燃烧器角度的温度有显著差异,但实验室得到的不同热参数之间没有显著关系。
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引用次数: 17
Effect of genotype and environment on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) 基因型和环境对越橘营养和生殖特性的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362506
I. Hjalmarsson, R. Ortiz
A field experiment was carried out using cuttings and seedlings from 11 selected clones of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) planted at Balsgard, Sweden, in 1982. Daughter plants from two different clones and their corresponding seedling progenies were transferred to a Biothron at Alnarp, Sweden, in 1988. These two clones and their respective seedling populations were cultivated under conditions of controlled temperature and humidity, but in distinct environments with direct light and shade. Data on vegetative and reproductive growth were recorded. A small additional experiment to verify the effects of light on development was performed in frames at Alnarp. The results suggest that the genotype of wild lingonberry accessions controls their spreading ability (i.e. number of rhizomes), influences its growth, thereby affecting plant height, and determines the number of vegetative shoots, total number of shoots and berry set. Furthermore, light influences plant height, vegetative shoots and number of fer...
以1982年在瑞典巴尔斯加德种植的11个越橘无性系的扦插和幼苗为材料,进行了田间试验。1988年,来自两个不同无性系的子代植物及其相应的幼苗后代被转移到瑞典阿尔纳普的生物thron。这两个无性系和各自的幼苗群体在控制温度和湿度的条件下,在不同的光照和阴影环境下进行培养。记录营养和生殖生长数据。为了验证光线对发育的影响,在阿尔纳普进行了一个小的附加实验。结果表明,野生越橘材料的基因型控制着其铺展能力(即根茎数),影响其生长,从而影响株高,并决定着营养芽数、总芽数和结实数。此外,光照对植株高度、营养芽数和幼苗数量也有影响。
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引用次数: 30
Use of a hand‐held chlorophyll meter in winter wheat: Evaluation of different measuring positions on the leaves 手持式叶绿素计在冬小麦中的应用:叶片上不同测量位置的评价
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362502
B. Hoel
A portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD‐502) was used to assess the nitrogen status of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two fertilizer trials at Apelsvoll Research Centre, located in south‐east Norway. The midpoint of the last fully developed leaf was found to be the best position on the winter wheat plant on which to take chlorophyll meter readings. This conclusion was reached after examination of the relationships between soil‐plant analyses development (SPAD) readings taken at different positions on the plant and leaf nitrogen concentration, grain yield and grain protein content. Emphasis was also laid on finding a measuring position that was convenient from a practical point of view. The relationships between chlorophyll meter readings and the parameters investigated were better at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 49 than earlier in the season at GS 31.
在挪威东南部的Apelsvoll研究中心,使用便携式叶绿素仪(Minolta SPAD‐502)在两个肥料试验中评估冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的氮素状况。最后一个完全发育叶片的中点是冬小麦植株叶绿素测量的最佳位置。这一结论是在研究了植物不同位置的土壤-植物分析发育(SPAD)读数与叶片氮浓度、籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量之间的关系后得出的。还强调了从实用的角度寻找方便的测量位置。Zadoks生育期(GS) 49的叶绿素测量值与各参数之间的关系较GS 31的好。
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引用次数: 49
Effects of depth and time of ploughing on yields of spring cereals and potatoes and on soil properties of a morainic loam soil 耕深和耕时对春粮和马铃薯产量及摩硝性壤土土壤性质的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362499
H. Riley, E. Ekeberg
A tillage trial was performed on morainic loam soil in south‐east Norway over the years 1985–97. Two times of mouldboard ploughing (autumn and spring) were compared, together with four depths of ploughing (0, 10, 20 and 30 cm) on soil previously ploughed to 20 cm. Three crops (spring barley, spring wheat and potatoes) were grown each year in rotation. Soil physical analyses were performed 6 years after the start of the trial and soil chemical analyses after 10 years. A marked plough pan was found at a depth of 23–27 cm with the reference ploughing depth. Deeper ploughing gave a greater storage capacity for plant available moisture, but somewhat lower total nutrient reserves than shallower ploughing. Shallow tillage led to increased soil density, but not to such an extent that soil aeration was likely to be limiting. The concentration of organic matter increased in the surface layer with shallow tillage, but the total amount present differed little between treatments when related to a fixed mass of topsoil...
1985 - 1997年在挪威东南部的冰碛壤土上进行了耕作试验。比较了两次模板耕作(秋季和春季),以及在先前耕作至20 cm的土壤上进行4种耕作深度(0,10,20和30 cm)。每年轮种三种作物(春大麦、春小麦和土豆)。土壤物理分析在试验开始6年后进行,土壤化学分析在试验开始10年后进行。在23-27 cm的深度处发现了一个有标记的犁盘,与参考耕作深度相同。深耕对植株有效水分的储存能力较大,但总养分储量略低于浅耕。浅耕导致土壤密度增加,但没有达到可能限制土壤通气性的程度。浅耕土壤表层有机质含量增加,但在表层土壤质量不变的情况下,不同处理间有机质含量差异不大。
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引用次数: 30
Aeration improves the hygiene of cattle slurry and the quality of grass forage and silage 通气可以改善牛浆的卫生状况,提高牧草和青贮饲料的质量
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362501
H. Heinonen‐Tanski, Petri Leinonen, E. Niskanen, Minna M. Mielonen, Harri Räsänen, Tiina Valta, K. Rinne, E. Joki-Tokola
The aeration of slurry at mesophilic temperature improves its hygiene, provided no fresh slurry is added to the tank during the 3–4 weeks of aeration. Microorganisms, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and related species and coliphages, were reduced by 90–99.9%. However, the number of Clostridium was not affected. The typical odour of slurry diminished. The use of aerated slurry as fertilizer on growing grass may cause less risk of contamination either by enteric microorganisms or by butyric acid‐producing clostridia than the use of non‐aerated slurry. The hygiene level of grass was also sufficient when grown in a cold, rainy late summer and used for silage. None of the 62 samples of silage prepared from a second‐harvest grown in rainy conditions and fertilized with aerated slurry were found to have deteriorated. However, three samples out of 63 made during the same period but fertilized with non‐aerated slurry were observed to have deteriorated completely. Neither spreading method, ...
如果在3-4周的曝气期间不向罐中添加新鲜浆料,则在中亲温下对浆料进行曝气可改善其卫生性。单核增生李斯特菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌及其相关菌种和噬菌体减少90-99.9%。然而,梭状芽孢杆菌的数量不受影响。典型的泥浆气味减弱。与使用未充气的泥浆相比,在生长中的草地上使用充气泥浆作为肥料可能会减少被肠道微生物或产生丁酸的梭菌污染的风险。当生长在寒冷多雨的夏末并用于青贮时,草的卫生水平也足够。在多雨条件下种植的第二次收获的62个青贮样品中,未发现有腐坏现象。然而,在同一时期制作的63个样品中,有3个样品用未充气的浆料施肥,观察到完全变质。两种传播方式,……
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引用次数: 14
Effects of light and temperature on seed germination of Poa pratensis from high latitudes 光照和温度对高纬度草芥种子萌发的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362504
T. Aamlid, Dagfinn Arntsen
One‐to‐three‐year‐old seed of Poa pratensis "Lavang”;, “Leikra”; and “Ryss”; was germinated under various temperature and light regimes on a thermogradient plate and on paper or in soil in phytotron compartments. While the optimal constant temperature for germination of Lavang and Leikra in 12 h light/12 h dark cycles was around 16°C, Ryss germinated nearly 100% over the 10–28°C temperature range. Compared with constant temperatures, daily fluctuations, even at the small amplitude 18/15°C, stimulated germination of Lavang and Leikra. Dark germination was inferior to germination in light/ dark cycles at constant temperatures of 15°C and higher, but light showed no advantage at alternating temperature. Continuous light inhibited germination regardless of light source (fluorescent, incandescent or natural). The stimulating effect of daily light/dark cycles increased, but the inhibiting effect of continuous light decreased with increasing seed age. It is concluded that seed of Poa pratensis ought to be covere...
1 - 3年的草籽“Lavang”,“Leikra”;和“Ryss”;在不同的温度和光照条件下,在热梯度板上、纸上或植物生长室的土壤中发芽。Lavang和Leikra在12 h光照/12 h暗循环下的最佳萌发温度在16℃左右,而Ryss在10 ~ 28℃的温度范围内萌发率接近100%。与恒温相比,即使在18/15°C的小幅度波动,也能促进Lavang和Leikra的萌发。在恒温15℃及以上的光照/黑暗循环条件下,暗光条件下的发芽率低于暗光条件下的发芽率,而在交变温度下,光照条件不具有优势。无论光源(荧光灯、白炽灯还是自然光)如何,持续的光照都会抑制种子的萌发。随着种龄的增加,日光照/暗循环的刺激作用增强,而连续光照的抑制作用减弱。结果表明,草籽应被覆盖。
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引用次数: 5
Biogeochemistry and weathering in a forest catchment and an arable field in central Sweden 瑞典中部森林集水区和耕地的生物地球化学和风化
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362500
B. Ulén, S. Snäll
Fluxes of base cations, nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated in a long‐term study at a forest site and a nearby arable site in central Sweden. At both sites soil mineralogy was reflected in the stream water concentrations, especially during base‐flow. Weathering rates for the major base cations and natrium (SBC + Na) in the forest soil calculated from empirical relationships and quartz distribution in the soil profile were 0.4 and 0.3 kmolc ha−1 year−1, respectively. Simulations using the PROFILE model of forest soil predicted a weathering rate of 0.6 kmolc ha−1 year−1 Net vegetation uptake of base cations was calculated to be larger, at 0.8 kmolc ha−1 year−1 In the soil of the arable site biogeochemical fluxes resulting from weathering and biomass removal were one order of magnitude faster. Budget calculations for the arable land indicated that a weathering rate of 7 kmolcha −1 year −1 was needed to keep the system in balance. Weathering of Mg was estimated to be equal to the amount applied as ferti...
在瑞典中部的森林场地和附近的耕地场地进行了一项长期研究,调查了碱阳离子、氮和磷的通量。在这两个地点,土壤矿物学反映在水流浓度中,特别是在基流期间。根据经验关系和土壤剖面石英分布计算的森林土壤中主要碱阳离子和钠(SBC + Na)的风化速率分别为0.4和0.3 kmolc ha−1年−1。利用PROFILE模型对森林土壤进行模拟,预测风化速率为0.6 kmol / h−1年−1,计算出碱离子的净植被吸收率较大,为0.8 kmol / h−1年−1。在耕地场地的土壤中,由风化和生物质去除引起的生物地球化学通量要快一个数量级。对耕地的预算计算表明,需要7 kmolcha−1年−1的风化速率来保持系统的平衡。Mg的风化作用估计等于作为肥料施用的量。
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引用次数: 10
Effects of Kocide 101® on the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)‐Rhizobium symbiosis Kocide 101®对菜豆根瘤菌共生的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362496
F. Baijukya, E. Semu
A glasshouse study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the copper fungicide Kocide 101 and its residues in soil on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The soil used was a sandy clay loam classified as Typic Rhodustalf. The bean variety SUA 90 was used as test crop. The bean rhizobia strains CIAT 899, PV, and a local isolate were used. Kocide 101 applied at the recommended rate (equivalent to 1.7 mg kg‐1 soil) had no significant negative effects on the growth, nodulation or nitrogen fixation of bean plants. Higher levels of Kocide 101 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The bean plants inoculated with the “local isolate”; rhizobia had the highest dry matter weights, nodule numbers and nodule dry weights, and also had more N fixation. They were followed by those inoculated with the PV, strain and, lastly, those inoculated with CIAT 899. The growth and nodulation of bean plants were still curtailed by the Kocide ...
采用温室试验研究了铜杀菌剂Kocide 101及其在土壤中的残留量对菜豆生长、结瘤和固氮的影响。使用的土壤是一种沙质粘土壤土,被归类为典型的蔷薇。以大豆品种sua90为试验作物。采用大豆根瘤菌CIAT 899、PV和一株本地分离菌株。按推荐用量(相当于1.7 mg kg - 1土壤)施用Kocide 101对豆类植物的生长、结瘤或固氮没有显著的负面影响。高浓度Kocide 101显著(P < 0.05)降低了植株生长、结瘤和固氮。用“本地分离株”接种的豆科植物;根瘤菌的干物质质量、根瘤数和根瘤干质量最高,固氮能力也较强。然后接种PV,菌株,最后接种CIAT 899。豆科植物的生长和结瘤仍然受到Kocide的限制。
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引用次数: 5
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.) CULTIVATED IN FINLAND 环境因子对燕麦产量和品质的影响芬兰栽培
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362490
M. Saastamoinen
Grain yield and yield quality characteristics were studied in the two oat varieties, Puhti and Veli, during 4 different years, 1987–90. The growing period of 1987 was extremely cold, while 1988 was warm and dry. Oat trials were established at eight locations throughout the oat cultivation area of Finland. Information on climatic and edaphic factors, as well as fertilization levels, was used to explain the variation in grain yield and quality characteristics by multiple step‐wise regression analysis. High temperatures during the growing period (x) significantly decreased grain yields (y) in the early variety Veli (y = 9241 — 335x). P fertilization was the main yield increasing factor in the later Puhti variety. The early variety, Veli, is better adapted to cultivation in a cool climate than the later variety, Puhti. Protein content was significantly decreased by heavy precipitation and oil content significantly increased by a low temperature during the growing period in both test varieties. High precipitat...
对1987 ~ 1990年4个不同年份普赫提和韦里两个燕麦品种的籽粒产量和品质特征进行了研究。1987年的生长期非常寒冷,而1988年的生长期温暖干燥。燕麦试验在芬兰燕麦种植区的8个地点进行。通过多步回归分析,利用气候和土壤因子以及施肥水平等信息解释了粮食产量和品质特征的变化。早期品种Veli (y = 9241 ~ 335x)生育期高温(x)显著降低了籽粒产量(y)。施磷肥是后期普赫提品种增产的主要因素。早期品种Veli比后期品种Puhti更适合在凉爽的气候中种植。两个试验品种在生育期,强降水显著降低了蛋白质含量,低温显著提高了含油量。高precipitat……
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引用次数: 14
SEED YIELD OF MEADOW FESCUE (FESTUCA PRATENSIS HUDS.) IN NORWAY AND DENMARK : THE EFFECTS OF LOCATIONS, CULTIVARS AND AUTUMN MANAGEMENT 草甸羊茅(festuca pratensis huds)种子产量在挪威和丹麦:地点、品种和秋季管理的影响
IF 1.6 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 1998-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/09064719809362492
L. T. Havstad
In order to determine genetic differences in seed yield potential, the optimal locations for seed production and optimal management after the first seed harvest, experiments with different timing of cutting and nitrogen application in autumn were conducted in three Scandinavian cultivars of meadow fescue (Saiten—origin 67° N, Fure—origin 61° N, and Senu Pajbjerg—origin 56° N) at the Norwegian locations Kvithamar (63.3° N), Staur (60.5° N), Landvik (58.2° N) and the Danish location Roskilde (55.4° N). The relative seed yields of ‘Saiten’, ‘Fure’ and ‘Senu Pajbjerg’ were 100, 171 and 175 on average for the first ley year, 100, 126 and 141 on average for the second ley year and 100, 115 and 116 on average for third ley year, respectively. A higher seed yield potential of the predominant Danish cultivar probably explains the commonly reported difference in seed yield between Norway and Denmark. Within Norway, seed yields normally decreased from south to north, with the lowest seed yields produced at Kvithamar...
为了确定种子产量潜力的遗传差异、最佳制种地点和首次收获后的最佳管理,在挪威Kvithamar(63.3°N)、Staur(60.5°N)、Kvithamar(63.3°N)和Senu pajjergg(56°N)三个斯堪的纳维亚草甸羊茅品种(saiten - 67°N、fure - 61°N和Senu pajjergg - 56°N)进行了秋季不同刈割时间和施氮试验。Landvik(58.2°N)和丹麦的Roskilde(55.4°N)。' Saiten '、' future '和' Senu Pajbjerg '的相对种子产量在第一个ley year平均为100、171和175,在第二个ley year平均为100、126和141,在第三个ley year平均为100、115和116。丹麦主要品种较高的种子产量潜力可能解释了挪威和丹麦之间普遍报道的种子产量差异。在挪威,种子产量通常从南到北递减,其中Kvithamar的种子产量最低。
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引用次数: 4
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Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science
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