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Human rights and public health working together : an approach to violence prevention 人权和公共卫生共同努力:预防暴力的办法
Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V6I2.31586
M. Motlagh
Human rights and public health are two main components of an effective and comprehensive approach to physical and mental well being. However, an important gap remains between theoretical approaches and pragmatic considerations. In the general framework of violence prevention, human rights and public health approaches are two powerful tools that can address major issues together. However, human rights and public health are usually considered separately in the implementation of violence prevention programmes. This article makes a contribution to safety promotion and injury prevention by bringing together these two approaches to violence and, more generally, to health threats. In order to facilitate a global understanding, the article will first review the basic concept of human rights and also give a concise overview of the notion of the individual's right to health. Then, there will be a particular focus of interest on violence from a human rights perspective, and the elements that can best complement the public health approach will be analysed. Bearing in mind how both human rights and public health can be combined efficiently, some concrete examples, such as child maltreatment, interpersonal violence, and violence against women, will be considered. In conclusion, the article will give direction and recommendations for integrating human rights concepts into public health in order to strengthen pragmatic actions that will ultimately guarantee individuals access to the highest attainable level of health. Language: en
人权和公共卫生是实现身心健康的有效和全面办法的两个主要组成部分。然而,在理论方法和实际考虑之间仍然存在一个重要的差距。在预防暴力的总体框架内,人权和公共卫生方针是可以共同解决重大问题的两个有力工具。然而,在执行预防暴力方案时,人权和公共卫生通常是分开考虑的。本文通过将这两种处理暴力和更普遍的健康威胁的方法结合起来,对促进安全和预防伤害作出了贡献。为了促进全球理解,本文将首先审查人权的基本概念,并简要概述个人健康权的概念。然后,将从人权角度特别关注暴力问题,并将分析最能补充公共卫生办法的要素。考虑到如何有效地将人权和公共卫生结合起来,将审议一些具体的例子,如虐待儿童、人际暴力和对妇女的暴力。最后,该条将为将人权概念纳入公共卫生提供指导和建议,以便加强务实行动,最终保证个人享有可达到的最高水平的健康。语言:在
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引用次数: 1
Why some survive: coping, resilience and social capital in armed conflict 为什么有些人幸存下来:武装冲突中的应对、复原力和社会资本
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31594
F. Alvarez-Castillo, S. Okuonzi, N. Chabikuli, O. Lomorro, L. Atuyambe, K. Silva
Contemporary armed conflicts are taking place almost exclusively in the 'developing world'. Millions of people who are mostly poor are being displaced from their homes and livelihood, as well as separated from their families and communities. Further, violence and diseases are the major causes of death and morbidity. Yet, there are many who survive. However, very little is known about how and why they survive. In particular, the role of social capital in the coping responses of people and their recovery from the adversities created by armed conflict is not clearly understood. This paper explores the ways by which social capital is a resource for coping and recovery for people displaced by armed conflict. Social relationships and networks of reciprocity are among the elements of social capital that mediate the impact of armed conflict on people's vulnerabilities. It is thus argued that humanitarian agencies should use strategies that can enhance the capacity of people to mobilise their local resources for coping, survival and recovery.
当代武装冲突几乎全部发生在“发展中国家”。数以百万计的穷人正流离失所,失去家园和生计,与家人和社区失散。此外,暴力和疾病是死亡和发病的主要原因。然而,还是有很多人活了下来。然而,人们对它们如何生存以及为什么生存知之甚少。特别是,社会资本在人们的应对反应和他们从武装冲突造成的逆境中恢复中的作用还没有得到清楚的了解。本文探讨了社会资本如何成为武装冲突中流离失所者应对和恢复的资源。社会关系和互惠网络是调解武装冲突对人们脆弱性影响的社会资本要素之一。因此,有人认为,人道主义机构应采用能够提高人们为应付、生存和恢复调动当地资源的能力的战略。
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引用次数: 6
Editorial Data to action: The science and politics of violence prevention 从数据到行动:预防暴力的科学和政治
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31588
Richard Matzopoulos, Rashid Ahmed, S. Suffla
No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 1-5
没有抽象的。非洲安全促进:伤害和暴力预防杂志Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 1-5
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引用次数: 0
Democratic virtues, diversity, and the common good : exploring the nexus of peace and justice in Islamic societies 民主美德、多样性和共同利益:探索伊斯兰社会中和平与正义的关系
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31591
A. Afsaruddin
This paper will discuss the synergy between the concepts of democracy diversity, and promotion of the common good to bring about just peace in Islamic societies. Certain concepts in the early repertoire of Islamic political thought will be shown to have a direct bearing today on the formation of democratic societies committed to fostering pluralism and peaceful co-existence among diverse groups of people. The point is further made that these values which may be easily retrieved from the Islamic tradition are universal values, thus creating a shared idiom for inter-religious and crosscultural encounters. Promotion of these values and their application are the best means for guaranteeing non-violent societies and a global order conducive to peace.
本文将讨论民主多样性概念与促进共同利益之间的协同作用,以在伊斯兰社会实现公正的和平。早期伊斯兰政治思想中的某些概念将被证明对今天致力于促进多元主义和不同人民群体之间和平共处的民主社会的形成具有直接影响。有人进一步指出,这些很容易从伊斯兰传统中获得的价值观是普遍的价值观,从而为宗教间和跨文化接触创造了一个共同的成语。促进和应用这些价值观是保证非暴力社会和有利于和平的全球秩序的最佳手段。
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引用次数: 0
Safety, state and peace promotion in the Middle-East: Where do we begin? 中东的安全、国家与和平促进:我们从哪里开始?
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31589
V. Tilley
No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 6-19
没有抽象的。非洲安全促进:伤害和暴力预防杂志Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 6-19
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引用次数: 1
The role of social movements in safety promotion: Comparative lessons from Brazil, South Africa and Australia 社会运动在促进安全中的作用:来自巴西、南非和澳大利亚的比较经验教训
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31596
A. Kirsten
No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 99-119
没有抽象的。非洲安全促进:伤害和暴力预防杂志Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 99-119
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引用次数: 1
Body as the ultimate weapon: Cultural roots of suicidal violence in Sri Lanka 身体作为终极武器:斯里兰卡自杀暴力的文化根源
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31592
K. Silva
No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 48-58
没有抽象的。非洲安全促进:伤害和暴力预防杂志Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 48-58
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引用次数: 0
Ibitero : Means and motive in the Rwandan genocide 伊比特罗:卢旺达种族灭绝的手段和动机
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31593
Charles K. Mironko
No Abstract. African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 59-77
没有抽象的。非洲安全促进:伤害和暴力预防杂志Vol. 4 (2) 2006: 59-77
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引用次数: 20
Violence prevention through multi-sectoral partnerships : the cases of Cali and Bogota, Columbia 通过多部门伙伴关系预防暴力:哥伦比亚卡利和波哥大的案例
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31595
R. Guerrero
From 1983 to 1994 the city of Cali, in Colombia, experienced an increase in homicide rates per year from 23 to 126 per hundred thousand inhabitants. Violence became the most important cause of death in the general population. In 1992 the mayor of Cali initiated a comprehensive programme aimed at reducing crime by controlling risk factors in the city. The programme followed a public health approach and assumed a multi-factoral causal mechanism, requiring interventions in the police, legal, educational and cultural systems, as well as robust multi-sectoral partnerships. Bogota adopted a similar programme in 1995. During the period 1994-2004, homicide rates declined in Bogota, from 82 to 28 while those of Cali declined from 126 to 100. Both cities followed a similar public health approach to violence prevention, but only Bogota was able to maintain the policies for a period of ten years. Both cities developed effective coalitions within governmental agencies, with the private sector, and the community around the theme of violence prevention. This paper describes the most significant interventions and partnerships implemented in Cali and Bogota, and postulates that reliable information is key to obtaining sustainable policies. The paper also suggests that the Colombian experience may be applicable to other similar contexts.
从1983年到1994年,哥伦比亚卡利市的凶杀率每年从每十万居民23人增加到126人。暴力成为一般人口中最重要的死亡原因。1992年,卡利市长发起了一项综合方案,旨在通过控制该市的危险因素来减少犯罪。该方案遵循公共卫生方针,采用多因素因果机制,需要在警察、法律、教育和文化系统中进行干预,以及建立强有力的多部门伙伴关系。波哥大在1995年通过了一项类似的方案。在1994-2004年期间,波哥大的凶杀率从82下降到28,而卡利的凶杀率从126下降到100。这两个城市都采用了类似的公共卫生方法来预防暴力,但只有波哥大能够将这些政策维持十年。这两个城市围绕预防暴力这一主题,在政府机构内部、与私营部门和社区建立了有效的联盟。本文描述了在卡利和波哥大实施的最重要的干预措施和伙伴关系,并假设可靠的信息是获得可持续政策的关键。该文件还指出,哥伦比亚的经验可能适用于其他类似情况。
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引用次数: 9
Men's patriotic wars against women's intimate lives : patriarchy, the institution of heterosexuality and patriotism 男性对女性亲密生活的爱国战争:父权制、异性恋制度和爱国主义
Pub Date : 2007-01-04 DOI: 10.4314/ASP.V4I2.31590
S. Hawthorne
In this paper, I examine the way in which structural violence, globalisation and patriotism intersect. For many years women's groups and feminists of many persuasions have demonstrated for peace, but calls for peace are rarely heeded. The many-headed monster of globalisation has become a behemoth of destruction with a compliant media mouthpiece as one of its key weapons. Feminists in peace time struggle to be heard, and the difficulty of this has escalated since 2001 in the Western European-derived cultures where there has been a resurgence of calls for patriotism. There are many reasons why feminists are suspicious of patriotism. The first is the way in which patriotism is a bulwark for patriarchy. Women are called up to assist "their men and their country". In this paper, I identify a number of areas in which women's lives are negatively affected by patriotism and war. Among them are increased sexual violence; increased "accidental deaths" because of the proliferation of small arms; "collateral damage" through high levels of casualties in the civilian population; verbal battery and the concomitant increase in vilification of women both linguistically and through pornographic images; normalisation of torture and rape of those women who resist patriotism - those who promote peace and feminism - among them lesbians and refugees; and the dispossession of indigenous and traditional women whose ownership of land depends on customary law, and direct and continuing connection with the land.
在本文中,我考察了结构性暴力、全球化和爱国主义相互交织的方式。多年来,妇女团体和各种信仰的女权主义者为和平而示威,但对和平的呼吁很少得到重视。全球化的多头怪物已经变成了一个破坏力巨大的庞然大物,而顺从的媒体喉舌是它的主要武器之一。和平时期的女权主义者努力让自己的声音被听到,自2001年以来,在西欧文化中,爱国主义的呼声重新抬头,这一困难已经升级。女权主义者怀疑爱国主义的原因有很多。首先,爱国主义是父权制的堡垒。女性被征召去帮助“她们的男人和国家”。在本文中,我确定了一些领域,其中妇女的生活受到爱国主义和战争的负面影响。其中包括性暴力增加;小武器扩散造成的"意外死亡"增加;造成大量平民伤亡的“附带损害”;言语攻击以及随之而来的在语言上和通过色情图像中伤妇女的增加;对那些反对爱国主义的妇女——那些促进和平和女权主义的妇女——包括女同性恋和难民——的酷刑和强奸正常化;土著和传统妇女被剥夺,她们的土地所有权取决于习惯法,以及与土地的直接和持续联系。
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引用次数: 3
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African Safety Promotion
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