Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5325/preternature.9.1.0132
Toivo
{"title":"Review","authors":"Toivo","doi":"10.5325/preternature.9.1.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.9.1.0132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79698898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5325/preternature.9.2.0327
Spielmann
{"title":"Review","authors":"Spielmann","doi":"10.5325/preternature.9.2.0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.9.2.0327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90468353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5325/preternature.9.2.0340
Kaelin
{"title":"Review","authors":"Kaelin","doi":"10.5325/preternature.9.2.0340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.9.2.0340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81548481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.5325/preternature.8.2.0171
N. Tarrant
abstract:In this article I discuss the ecclesiastical censorship of physiognomy in post–Tridentine Italy. Existing studies of the criteria used by the Roman Inquisition to examine operative arts have rightly emphasized continuities with the opinions of earlier authorities, and especially those of Thomas Aquinas. Historians have, nevertheless, tended to suggest that Aquinas's ideas were transmitted to the Inquisition and Congregation of the Index virtually unchanged by texts such as Nicholas Eymerich's Directorium inquisitorum. In this paper I highlight divergences in the opinions of authorities such as Augustine, Aquinas, Eymerich, and Nicholas Peña, a sixteenth-century consultor to the Congregation of the Index and editor of Eymerich's text. I suggest that during the sixteenth century the Church's centralized organs of censorship drew on each of these approaches, but failed satisfactorily to resolve the precise status of physiognomy. In turn this created considerable ambiguities in the practice of censorship at a local level.
{"title":"The Ambiguities of Censorship in Post–Tridentine Italy: The Case of Physiognomy","authors":"N. Tarrant","doi":"10.5325/preternature.8.2.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.8.2.0171","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In this article I discuss the ecclesiastical censorship of physiognomy in post–Tridentine Italy. Existing studies of the criteria used by the Roman Inquisition to examine operative arts have rightly emphasized continuities with the opinions of earlier authorities, and especially those of Thomas Aquinas. Historians have, nevertheless, tended to suggest that Aquinas's ideas were transmitted to the Inquisition and Congregation of the Index virtually unchanged by texts such as Nicholas Eymerich's Directorium inquisitorum. In this paper I highlight divergences in the opinions of authorities such as Augustine, Aquinas, Eymerich, and Nicholas Peña, a sixteenth-century consultor to the Congregation of the Index and editor of Eymerich's text. I suggest that during the sixteenth century the Church's centralized organs of censorship drew on each of these approaches, but failed satisfactorily to resolve the precise status of physiognomy. In turn this created considerable ambiguities in the practice of censorship at a local level.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"42 1","pages":"171 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90523220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.5325/preternature.8.2.0254
Indu Ohri
abstract:This article examines how women writers critique the problems with Victorian gender roles through their representation of the inequality between male psychical researchers and female occult investigators in their fin-de-siècle ghost stories. In contrast to male psychical researchers, who adopt a rational outlook and demand proof of the supernatural's existence, female occult investigators practice different forms of occultism to achieve self-empowerment and to show compassion for others, especially ghosts. Moreover, female occult investigators embody the tension between the conflicting images of the conservative Victorian Angel and independent New Woman. Building on the work of Schaper (2001), I consider the portrayal of these male and female character types in Lanoe Falconer's "Cecilia de Noël," Lettice Galbraith's "In the Séance Room," and Nora Tynan O'Mahony's "Hester's Ghost." Ultimately, I find that these women writers unite the distinct fields of science, religion, and occultism by combining the male and female characters to form the New Woman doctor.
本文探讨了女作家如何通过在她们的“最后的死亡”鬼故事中表现男性心理研究者和女性神秘研究者之间的不平等，来批判维多利亚时代的性别角色问题。男性心理学研究者采取理性的观点，要求证明超自然现象的存在，与之相反，女性神秘学研究者运用不同形式的神秘学来实现自我赋权，并对他人，尤其是鬼魂表示同情。此外，女性神秘学研究者体现了保守的维多利亚天使和独立的新女性形象之间的矛盾。以Schaper(2001)的作品为基础，我考虑了Lanoe Falconer的《Cecilia de Noël》、Lettice Galbraith的《in the s Room》和Nora Tynan O’mahony的《Hester’s Ghost》中对这些男性和女性角色类型的刻画。最终，我发现这些女作家通过结合男女角色，将科学、宗教和神秘主义的不同领域结合起来，形成了新女医生。
{"title":"\"A Medium Made of Such Uncommon Stuff\": The Female Occult Investigator in Victorian Women's Fin-de-Siècle Fiction","authors":"Indu Ohri","doi":"10.5325/preternature.8.2.0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.8.2.0254","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines how women writers critique the problems with Victorian gender roles through their representation of the inequality between male psychical researchers and female occult investigators in their fin-de-siècle ghost stories. In contrast to male psychical researchers, who adopt a rational outlook and demand proof of the supernatural's existence, female occult investigators practice different forms of occultism to achieve self-empowerment and to show compassion for others, especially ghosts. Moreover, female occult investigators embody the tension between the conflicting images of the conservative Victorian Angel and independent New Woman. Building on the work of Schaper (2001), I consider the portrayal of these male and female character types in Lanoe Falconer's \"Cecilia de Noël,\" Lettice Galbraith's \"In the Séance Room,\" and Nora Tynan O'Mahony's \"Hester's Ghost.\" Ultimately, I find that these women writers unite the distinct fields of science, religion, and occultism by combining the male and female characters to form the New Woman doctor.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"8 1","pages":"254 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85333683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.5325/preternature.8.2.0202
J. Handley
abstract:This article examines two dramas that use historical representations of witchcraft and work from original sources as a starting point: The Witch of Edmonton by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford (1621) and Witchcraft by Joanna Baillie (1836). Whilst the majority of those convicted of witchcraft in the early modern period were women, finding a female voice in historical sources is difficult. What is striking about these plays therefore, is the prominent voice allocated to the witch figures on stage. This not only presents a challenge to the control of the official narratives but draws attention to the social mechanisms at work in the conviction of a witch. The main argument is that the plays address an absence in the source materials; by presenting what can be termed as "missing evidence" through the voice of the witch, the plays contribute to the debate on witchcraft and force the audience to judge anew.
{"title":"A Script for the Witch: Witches' Voices in Two British Dramas","authors":"J. Handley","doi":"10.5325/preternature.8.2.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.8.2.0202","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines two dramas that use historical representations of witchcraft and work from original sources as a starting point: The Witch of Edmonton by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford (1621) and Witchcraft by Joanna Baillie (1836). Whilst the majority of those convicted of witchcraft in the early modern period were women, finding a female voice in historical sources is difficult. What is striking about these plays therefore, is the prominent voice allocated to the witch figures on stage. This not only presents a challenge to the control of the official narratives but draws attention to the social mechanisms at work in the conviction of a witch. The main argument is that the plays address an absence in the source materials; by presenting what can be termed as \"missing evidence\" through the voice of the witch, the plays contribute to the debate on witchcraft and force the audience to judge anew.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"150 1","pages":"202 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80910108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-13DOI: 10.5325/preternature.8.2.0231
L. Tallis
abstract:Although marginal figures, Gypsies' significance in Welsh society and culture is often overlooked and despite their magical activities, in particular Gypsy women who were often believed to have the power to bewitch and read fortunes, they have been very much neglected within the historiography of witchcraft. So too have the activities of cunning-women, or the fenyw hysbys (wise-woman) as this figure was commonly termed in Wales, and so in an attempt to redress this imbalance, this article incorporates Welsh Romany-Gypsy women within the history of Welsh witchcraft. An examination of their magical activities and the beliefs surrounding them can also shed light on the activities of various cunning-women in Wales, about whom we know very little. This raises certain issues regarding "gender" and the "gendering of witchcraft" which will also be considered, thus bringing into question the benefits of applying such terms to the Welsh, and indeed other witchcraft models.
{"title":"Which Craft? Witches, Gypsies, and the Fenyw Hysbys in Eighteenth-Century Wales","authors":"L. Tallis","doi":"10.5325/preternature.8.2.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.8.2.0231","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Although marginal figures, Gypsies' significance in Welsh society and culture is often overlooked and despite their magical activities, in particular Gypsy women who were often believed to have the power to bewitch and read fortunes, they have been very much neglected within the historiography of witchcraft. So too have the activities of cunning-women, or the fenyw hysbys (wise-woman) as this figure was commonly termed in Wales, and so in an attempt to redress this imbalance, this article incorporates Welsh Romany-Gypsy women within the history of Welsh witchcraft. An examination of their magical activities and the beliefs surrounding them can also shed light on the activities of various cunning-women in Wales, about whom we know very little. This raises certain issues regarding \"gender\" and the \"gendering of witchcraft\" which will also be considered, thus bringing into question the benefits of applying such terms to the Welsh, and indeed other witchcraft models.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"19 1","pages":"231 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79119877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0122
H. Poutiainen
abstract:The nineteenth century, to a far greater degree than any other period, acclaimed its poets and writers with overwhelmingly spiritual honorifics: rather than mere poets and writers, they were priests and magicians, oracles and prophets, sorcerers and seers. In this essay, rather than repeat the various narratives in which literature is exalted as a secular religion and credited for salvaging magic from modern disenchantment, my aim, more philosophical than strictly historiographical, is to consider these honorifics as magical epithets—terms that give to their object the reputation of being magical—that are made effective by following a logic of their own: attributed to writers in acts of readerly judgment, these epithets, when the act of their attribution carries emotional conviction, are experienced as magical and thereby make themselves true in the moment in which they are uttered.
{"title":"Litanies of Poetic Seerhood: Magical Epithets in Modern Literary History","authors":"H. Poutiainen","doi":"10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0122","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The nineteenth century, to a far greater degree than any other period, acclaimed its poets and writers with overwhelmingly spiritual honorifics: rather than mere poets and writers, they were priests and magicians, oracles and prophets, sorcerers and seers. In this essay, rather than repeat the various narratives in which literature is exalted as a secular religion and credited for salvaging magic from modern disenchantment, my aim, more philosophical than strictly historiographical, is to consider these honorifics as magical epithets—terms that give to their object the reputation of being magical—that are made effective by following a logic of their own: attributed to writers in acts of readerly judgment, these epithets, when the act of their attribution carries emotional conviction, are experienced as magical and thereby make themselves true in the moment in which they are uttered.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"6 1","pages":"122 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75225179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0035
A. Ruben
abstract:This article explores the shadowy Pärnu witch trials of 1641‒42, including an edited and annotated transcript of the trials. The file is preserved in the Estonian Historical Archives, EAA. f. 915 (County Court of Pärnu), n.1, s.1, pages 54‒70 and 83‒90, with a comprehensive explanation. The trial in Pärnu was the most detailed known trial in the territory of Estonia. The author shows how tense societal relations led to real anger in the economic top-down hierarchy. As is common in a microhistory, the article reveals the life of the peasant Laÿske Martt, the first person actually accused and the instigator of the following tragic consequences.
{"title":"Witch Hunts in and around Pärnu 1641–1642","authors":"A. Ruben","doi":"10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0035","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article explores the shadowy Pärnu witch trials of 1641‒42, including an edited and annotated transcript of the trials. The file is preserved in the Estonian Historical Archives, EAA. f. 915 (County Court of Pärnu), n.1, s.1, pages 54‒70 and 83‒90, with a comprehensive explanation. The trial in Pärnu was the most detailed known trial in the territory of Estonia. The author shows how tense societal relations led to real anger in the economic top-down hierarchy. As is common in a microhistory, the article reveals the life of the peasant Laÿske Martt, the first person actually accused and the instigator of the following tragic consequences.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"29 1","pages":"35 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85981846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-10DOI: 10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0090
Tereza Bambušková
abstract:This article demonstrates how two selected Victorian ghost stories address the problem of the unreliability and subjectivity of perception through the characters' experiences with the supernatural or the inexplicable. I focus on how Victorian ghost stories—particularly Margaret Oliphant's "The Open Door" and Sheridan Le Fanu's "The Account of Some Disturbances in Aungier Street"—induce hesitation both in characters and in the reader. This "moment of hesitation" is not only central to Todorov's definition of the fantastic but also highly relevant to the anxieties about vision and knowledge that existed in Victorian society. I argue that the stories use the theories and assumptions about vision that were current in the Victorian age to subvert the idea that sight is an objective conduit to the truth, and thus the stories both utilize a source of fear that was already present in Victorian society and offer a relevant social commentary.
{"title":"The Role of Light and Vision in Two Victorian Ghost Stories","authors":"Tereza Bambušková","doi":"10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/PRETERNATURE.8.1.0090","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article demonstrates how two selected Victorian ghost stories address the problem of the unreliability and subjectivity of perception through the characters' experiences with the supernatural or the inexplicable. I focus on how Victorian ghost stories—particularly Margaret Oliphant's \"The Open Door\" and Sheridan Le Fanu's \"The Account of Some Disturbances in Aungier Street\"—induce hesitation both in characters and in the reader. This \"moment of hesitation\" is not only central to Todorov's definition of the fantastic but also highly relevant to the anxieties about vision and knowledge that existed in Victorian society. I argue that the stories use the theories and assumptions about vision that were current in the Victorian age to subvert the idea that sight is an objective conduit to the truth, and thus the stories both utilize a source of fear that was already present in Victorian society and offer a relevant social commentary.","PeriodicalId":41216,"journal":{"name":"Preternature-Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural","volume":"13 1","pages":"121 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91058612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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