Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2023.2317616
ZHANG Junfeng
Flood diversion irrigation is a unique way of water resource development and utilization in the semi-arid area of the South Shanxi Loess Plateau, a widespread technique since Wang Anshi’s (1021–108...
{"title":"A world of uncertainties: litigation and order in a flood irrigation society: three villages in southern Shanxi since late imperial times","authors":"ZHANG Junfeng","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2023.2317616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2023.2317616","url":null,"abstract":"Flood diversion irrigation is a unique way of water resource development and utilization in the semi-arid area of the South Shanxi Loess Plateau, a widespread technique since Wang Anshi’s (1021–108...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2023.2317100
LI Fagen
Between the Southern Song and the Republican era in China, the Yellow River recurrently changed its course and inundated the Huai River, often resulting in disastrous flooding and millions of refug...
在中国南宋至民国时期，黄河经常改道，淹没淮河，经常造成灾难性的水灾和数百万人的逃难。
{"title":"Water politics: disputes about the “Yellow River-Huai River diversion proposal” in the 1930s","authors":"LI Fagen","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2023.2317100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2023.2317100","url":null,"abstract":"Between the Southern Song and the Republican era in China, the Yellow River recurrently changed its course and inundated the Huai River, often resulting in disastrous flooding and millions of refug...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2024.2362020
LIU Shigu
The Yangtze River waterway is an open and dynamic natural system, where we see natural changes such as soil and water loss, river flooding, and rise and collapse of sandbanks and activities people ...
{"title":"Sea changes of sandbanks and reclamation of shallows in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the modern period","authors":"LIU Shigu","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2024.2362020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2024.2362020","url":null,"abstract":"The Yangtze River waterway is an open and dynamic natural system, where we see natural changes such as soil and water loss, river flooding, and rise and collapse of sandbanks and activities people ...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2023.2317062
CAO Mu
Drainage systems are important facilities for the maintenance of a city’s normal operation. Whilst they directly affect the internal urban environment, they are also a key link between a city and t...
{"title":"The transformation and ecological impacts of drainage systems in modern Tianjin","authors":"CAO Mu","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2023.2317062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2023.2317062","url":null,"abstract":"Drainage systems are important facilities for the maintenance of a city’s normal operation. Whilst they directly affect the internal urban environment, they are also a key link between a city and t...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141610416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2023.2317072
CHENG Sen
Previous studies of environmental history in North China have focused too much on ecological degradation and neglected human dynamism in response to environmental change. Since the fifth year of th...
以往对华北环境史的研究过于关注生态退化，而忽视了人类应对环境变化的能动性。华北环境史的研究自...
{"title":"Development and ecological management of flood lands in Western Hebei from the perspective of environmental history (1937-1949)","authors":"CHENG Sen","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2023.2317072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2023.2317072","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of environmental history in North China have focused too much on ecological degradation and neglected human dynamism in response to environmental change. Since the fifth year of th...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2022.2147720
JIANG Shan
In the current knowledge system of acupuncture and moxibustion, the Ashi Point belongs to one of the three categories of acupoints. However, the source of this knowledge is from an inconspicuous ru...
在现行的针灸知识体系中，阿石穴属于三大腧穴之一。然而，这些知识的来源来自一个不起眼的地方……
{"title":"The return of the “Ashi Point” from its journey East and its modern theoretical reconstruction","authors":"JIANG Shan","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2022.2147720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2022.2147720","url":null,"abstract":"In the current knowledge system of acupuncture and moxibustion, the Ashi Point belongs to one of the three categories of acupoints. However, the source of this knowledge is from an inconspicuous ru...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138492474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2022.2150017
CHEN Siyan
Reconstructing the body of acupuncture and moxibustion knowledge was seen as an important measure to prove the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in the Republican period of China. Many ...
重建针灸知识体系是民国时期证明中医有效性的一项重要措施。许多……
{"title":"To be canonic or scientific: a study of knowledge innovation of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Republican period of China","authors":"CHEN Siyan","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2022.2150017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2022.2150017","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing the body of acupuncture and moxibustion knowledge was seen as an important measure to prove the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in the Republican period of China. Many ...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138492473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2022.2101796
Hu-min Zhu
ABSTRACT The Chinese social relief system, first established in the eighteenth century, had already faced enormous pressure during the late Qing period. Impacted by the West and galvanized by China’s domestic social transformation, however, the Chinese social relief system embarked on some new development unseen before, including diversified famine relief mechanisms, socialization of famine relief granaries, and the development of inclusive philanthropy. The above development is a testament to the fact that the social relief system of late Qing gradually moved away from the old, state-dominated model and became an integral part of the social transformation in modern China.
{"title":"Evolution of the social relief system in late Qing and its impacts","authors":"Hu-min Zhu","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2022.2101796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2022.2101796","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Chinese social relief system, first established in the eighteenth century, had already faced enormous pressure during the late Qing period. Impacted by the West and galvanized by China’s domestic social transformation, however, the Chinese social relief system embarked on some new development unseen before, including diversified famine relief mechanisms, socialization of famine relief granaries, and the development of inclusive philanthropy. The above development is a testament to the fact that the social relief system of late Qing gradually moved away from the old, state-dominated model and became an integral part of the social transformation in modern China.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"278 1","pages":"123 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77718585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2022.2101790
Fagen Li
According to Douglass C. North’s theory of institutional change, institutions are “the rules of the game in a society” or “the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction,” and institutional change “shapes the way society evolve through time and hence is the key to understanding historical change.” Similarly, Qian Mu points out that the key to promote social transformation and development relies not just on destroying old traditions but establishing new institutions. Moreover, the longer the tradition, the firmer it stands, so there also needs to be proper boundaries for institutional changes. In imperial China, the civil service examination (keju) system existed for more than 1,300 years and became an essential part of the overall structure of Chinese politics, society, and culture. It significantly shaped the history of China. No wonder some scholars view the abolition of keju as the most revolutionary change in modern China or even the entire Chinese history. In September 1905, the Qing court announced to cease all levels of civil service examinations, which in fact signaled the end of the keju system. This event did not ignite many discussions at that time. However, after more than one hundred years, its impact has become a topic of heated debate even beyond the academia. This article offers a review of the abundant recent scholarship on this issue. In the past, assuming the value of reform and revolution, the literature almost praised the abolition of keju without any criticism for a long time based on a progressivist view that the keju system was responsible for the stagnation and weakness of late imperial China. In recent thirty years, more scholars have started to reflect on the negative impacts of abolishing the examinations on the process of modern Chinese history.
根据道格拉斯·c·诺斯(Douglass C. North)的制度变迁理论，制度是“社会中的游戏规则”或“人类设计的制约因素，这些制约因素塑造了人类的互动”，制度变迁“塑造了社会随着时间的推移而演变的方式，因此是理解历史变迁的关键”。钱穆同样指出，推动社会转型和发展的关键不在于破除旧传统，而在于建立新的制度。此外，传统的时间越长，它就越牢固，因此也需要为制度变革设定适当的边界。在帝制中国，科举制度存在了1300多年，成为中国政治、社会和文化整体结构的重要组成部分。它极大地塑造了中国的历史。难怪一些学者认为废除科举是近代中国乃至整个中国历史上最具革命性的变化。1905年9月，清廷宣布停止各级科举考试，这实际上标志着科举制度的终结。这件事在当时并没有引起很多讨论。然而，一百多年后，它的影响甚至成为学术界以外的一个激烈争论的话题。本文对近年来关于这一问题的大量研究进行了综述。在过去，文学以改革和革命的价值观，基于一种进步主义的观点，认为科举制度是帝制晚期中国停滞和衰弱的原因，在很长一段时间里几乎没有批评地赞扬了科举制度的废除。近三十年来，越来越多的学者开始反思废除科举对中国近代史进程的负面影响。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2022.2101792
Zaiquan Li
ABSTRACT Facing the invasion of foreign powers and the existence of consular jurisdiction, the Qing government started the legal system reform in the New Policy Reform in the 1900s. Headed by Shen Jiaben, the legal reformers followed the practice of European Continental Law and the Japanese legal system. They revised the traditional Chinese laws to achieve a legal system of lighter punishment, less cruelty and more equality. They also drafted new laws that did not exist before, such as criminal law, civil law, commercial law and procedural law. This reform broke the traditional Chinese system of legal codes in which all kinds of laws were included. The traditional Chinese legal system thus was quickly replaced by a modern legal system that composed of constitution, civil law, criminal law, civil procedure law, criminal procedure law, and administrative law. The legal reform in the late Qing, though profound and influential, reflected the characteristics of a transitional system in which the old and new coexisted and the Chinese and Western legal systems were combined.
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