Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2020.1746582
J. Cai
{"title":"Minds connected by a common tongue: the national language movement and modern China","authors":"J. Cai","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1746582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1746582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82752795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2020.1752495
Tian Xu
The author of this book, Sun Jiang, obtained his bachelor and master degrees in history at Nanjing University, and his doctoral degree at Tokyo University. He has been studying the history of China...
本书作者孙江在南京大学获得历史学学士和硕士学位，在东京大学获得博士学位。他一直在研究中国历史。
{"title":"Rethinking China’s “modernity”: Between Thought and Society, by SUN Jiang","authors":"Tian Xu","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1752495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1752495","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this book, Sun Jiang, obtained his bachelor and master degrees in history at Nanjing University, and his doctoral degree at Tokyo University. He has been studying the history of China...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76661413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2020.1746581
W. Tsai
{"title":"Discovering East Asia: the formation of modern East Asia as a crucial grand history from a global perspective","authors":"W. Tsai","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1746581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1746581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76787601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1693743
Sun Qing
{"title":"A “lost” republic: reinterpretation of the Chinese revolution in the late Qing and early Republican period","authors":"Sun Qing","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1693743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1693743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88568159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1693752
Fan-sen Wang
ABSTRACT Intellectual development from the late Qing to the 1911 Revolution and then to the May Fourth New Culture Movement was generally a continuous process despite various ambivalent and hesitant zigzags. Within this overall continuity, new elements became salient. The new policies promulgated by the republican government soon after the success of the 1911 Revolution created an institutional legacy that gave previously marginal ideas enough legitimacy to enter the mainstream. Changes in “background culture” also resulted in many new themes associated with May Fourth, though these themes were ostensibly similar to those in the late Qing period. The enlightenment of May Fourth endowed the “future” with positive values so that a future-oriented perspective became a fashionable trend in this period.
{"title":"Was the enlightenment a continuous process from the late Qing to the May Fourth period?","authors":"Fan-sen Wang","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1693752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1693752","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intellectual development from the late Qing to the 1911 Revolution and then to the May Fourth New Culture Movement was generally a continuous process despite various ambivalent and hesitant zigzags. Within this overall continuity, new elements became salient. The new policies promulgated by the republican government soon after the success of the 1911 Revolution created an institutional legacy that gave previously marginal ideas enough legitimacy to enter the mainstream. Changes in “background culture” also resulted in many new themes associated with May Fourth, though these themes were ostensibly similar to those in the late Qing period. The enlightenment of May Fourth endowed the “future” with positive values so that a future-oriented perspective became a fashionable trend in this period.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75235152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1688958
Larissa Pitts
ABSTRACT Scholars of modern China have overlooked the role environmental policy played in early Republican efforts to promote both modernization and national unity. Beginning in 1916, the national government in Beijing mandated that each province and county throughout the Chinese nation celebrate “Arbor Day” in order to foster a modern Chinese environmental culture. This change was made in response to global discourses that linked forest cover to a modern nation’s moral and economic health. Arbor Day coincided with the Tomb-Sweeping Festival, a day traditionally reserved for ancestor worship. Due to the vast climatic disparities within China, many governments planted Arbor Day trees under conditions that made it impossible for them to thrive. Nevertheless, officials throughout China continued to celebrate Arbor Day as proof of their loyalty to the government in Beijing. Arbor Day thus served more as an exercise in promoting national unity than in creating a viable reforestation campaign.
{"title":"Unity in the trees: Arbor Day and Republican China, 1915–1927","authors":"Larissa Pitts","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1688958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1688958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars of modern China have overlooked the role environmental policy played in early Republican efforts to promote both modernization and national unity. Beginning in 1916, the national government in Beijing mandated that each province and county throughout the Chinese nation celebrate “Arbor Day” in order to foster a modern Chinese environmental culture. This change was made in response to global discourses that linked forest cover to a modern nation’s moral and economic health. Arbor Day coincided with the Tomb-Sweeping Festival, a day traditionally reserved for ancestor worship. Due to the vast climatic disparities within China, many governments planted Arbor Day trees under conditions that made it impossible for them to thrive. Nevertheless, officials throughout China continued to celebrate Arbor Day as proof of their loyalty to the government in Beijing. Arbor Day thus served more as an exercise in promoting national unity than in creating a viable reforestation campaign.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88019003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1688989
T. Weston
If any topic in modern Chinese history has been “well done,” to the point of being possibly “overcooked,” it is the May Fourth Movement – by which I refer both to the demonstrations of 1919 and to the broader “New Culture” context in which they unfolded. I would suggest that one reason for May Fourth’s being so “well done,” if not in fact “overcooked,” is because intellectuals love to talk about themselves. The May Fourth-era intellectuals talked about themselves a great deal over the decades after 1919, and we intellectuals belonging to the generations that have followed can relate to those historical figures quite easily. And so we (especially contemporary Chinese intellectuals) have interpreted and narrated them at exhaustive length. Deeply attuned to diachronic process as historians are, it is axiomatic among us that the meaning of the past is always changing in light of the constantly unfolding present. Indeed, we might even say that this phenomenon is what keeps historians “in business.” We know well that the past forever needs remodeling and that somebody has got to do that work. The broad array of commemorative and academic events that have taken place in China and the West in honor of May Fourth’s centennial anniversary, not to mention the outpouring of articles and special issues of journals on the subject, make abundantly clear that, “well done” or “overcooked” though it may be, May Fourth’s value has not been exhausted. How then might we think about May Fourth’s ongoing and ever-replenishing meaningfulness? In pondering that question on the occasion of the centennial anniversary I find myself thinking about a book I assign to my college students in order to teach them about the concept of historiography. That book is Paul Cohen’s study of the Boxer Uprising, History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. Cohen masterfully lays out the variety of kinds voices that write history – those of professional historians, of participants, and of mythologizers, the latter of whom are less interested in rigorous historical research than they are in the value of the past as a contemporary ideological and political resource. Cohen’s work on the “career” of the Boxer Uprising as a historical subject suggests ways that we may think about May Fourth’s post-1919 “career” as a historical subject. Cohen discusses the New Culture Movement of the late 1910s and early 1920s as a key phase in the history of the different narrations of the Boxer Uprising that unfolded during the twentieth century. With regard to the New Culture Movement,
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1693744
Li Jingyao
{"title":"The other side of the may fourth movement: the formation of the concept of “society” and the birth of a new-style organization","authors":"Li Jingyao","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1693744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1693744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84950893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1688981
K. Ren
{"title":"Qing travelers to the Far West: diplomacy and the information order in late imperial China","authors":"K. Ren","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1688981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1688981","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83133480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17535654.2019.1688982
S. Rahav
The twenty-first century aboundswith centenaries of formative events that shaped the present and therefore with opportunities to commemorate and reflect on events of the previous century. What – if anything – did they mean? After commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of China’s RepublicanRevolution of 1911 and the beginning and ending ofWorld War I and on the eve ofmarking the centenary of the founding theChineseCommunist Party, we have arrived at the one hundredth anniversary of the May Fourth Movement. From our current vantage point, what seems to be the significance of the movement? One straightforward response was coined by Mao Zedong. In his seminal 1940 essay “On New Democracy,” Mao stated flatly that “since the May Fourth Movement things have been different.” For Mao the movement’s primary significance lay in paving the road to Communism, but the significance of May Fourth has always been contested. Historians and politicians have assigned the movement a variety of meanings, from cultural renaissance to patriotic awakening, from the advent of Marxism to the celebration of liberalism. Yet, as is often stated, history is ever changing reflecting the concerns of scholars and pundits about their own era. Hindsight provides many reasons to reflect anew about May Fourth. What does the movement mean given what we now know about the evolution of Communism in China, the alternate paths of Taiwan and Hong Kong, the embrace of market mechanisms in Deng Xiaoping’s time, and the New Era of Xi Jinping? What do language reform and cultural reform mean in the current era of globalization and the digital revolution? As the late twentieth century’s political order of liberal democratic nation-states faces severe challenges domestically from the rise of populist leaders and internationally from the rise of China and Russia and the weakening of the United States, the centenary of May Fourth beckons us to reflect on the meaning of this movement. Viewed from the perspective of our increasingly connected world, it might be time to conceive of May Fourth as a national and international movement. This proposition inevitably raises questions about the way in which ideas spread and the relation between ideas and political change.
{"title":"Beyond Beijing: May Fourth as a national and international movement","authors":"S. Rahav","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2019.1688982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2019.1688982","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty-first century aboundswith centenaries of formative events that shaped the present and therefore with opportunities to commemorate and reflect on events of the previous century. What – if anything – did they mean? After commemorating the one hundredth anniversary of China’s RepublicanRevolution of 1911 and the beginning and ending ofWorld War I and on the eve ofmarking the centenary of the founding theChineseCommunist Party, we have arrived at the one hundredth anniversary of the May Fourth Movement. From our current vantage point, what seems to be the significance of the movement? One straightforward response was coined by Mao Zedong. In his seminal 1940 essay “On New Democracy,” Mao stated flatly that “since the May Fourth Movement things have been different.” For Mao the movement’s primary significance lay in paving the road to Communism, but the significance of May Fourth has always been contested. Historians and politicians have assigned the movement a variety of meanings, from cultural renaissance to patriotic awakening, from the advent of Marxism to the celebration of liberalism. Yet, as is often stated, history is ever changing reflecting the concerns of scholars and pundits about their own era. Hindsight provides many reasons to reflect anew about May Fourth. What does the movement mean given what we now know about the evolution of Communism in China, the alternate paths of Taiwan and Hong Kong, the embrace of market mechanisms in Deng Xiaoping’s time, and the New Era of Xi Jinping? What do language reform and cultural reform mean in the current era of globalization and the digital revolution? As the late twentieth century’s political order of liberal democratic nation-states faces severe challenges domestically from the rise of populist leaders and internationally from the rise of China and Russia and the weakening of the United States, the centenary of May Fourth beckons us to reflect on the meaning of this movement. Viewed from the perspective of our increasingly connected world, it might be time to conceive of May Fourth as a national and international movement. This proposition inevitably raises questions about the way in which ideas spread and the relation between ideas and political change.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75361950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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