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Theatrical Adaptation of Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People in Iran: The Intellectual and Modernity in Akbar Radi’s The Decline 易卜生《伊朗人民的敌人》的戏剧改编——阿克巴尔·拉迪《衰落》中的知识分子与现代性
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2023.2214997
R. Farhadi
The drama of Henrik Ibsen has been very influential in promoting social and realistic playwriting in Iranian theater since its introduction in the early twentieth century. Ibsen’s topoi of dysfunctional family connections, the woman question, enlightenment, to name a few have had a lasting impact on modern Iranian dramatists. In her study of Ibsen in Iranian theater, Farindokht Zahedi (2006) traces the arrival of the Norwegian playwright in Iran to the performance practice of Armenian troupes in northwestern Iran in the early twentieth century, particularly that of Hovans Abelian (1865–1936), who staged An Enemy of the People in Armenian in the city of Tabriz in 1909 to both Armenian and Iranian audiences. In a short span of time, Ibsen gained considerable prominence among Iranians and by the 1940s his plays were translated to and staged in Persian across the country, especially in the cities of Tabriz, Tehran, and Isfahan. A primary reason behind Ibsen’s warm reception among Iranians is that Ibsen’s social drama could offer Iranian playwrights and theater producers a critical engagement in the “cultural and social circumstances” of their contemporary society (May 1985, 30). This Iranian reception coincided with a faltering economy and poverty as the result of dramatic changes in civil and political structures. A significant factor in cultural change
易卜生戏剧自二十世纪初传入伊朗以来,在促进伊朗戏剧的社会现实主义创作方面具有重要影响。易卜生关于家庭关系失调、女性问题、启蒙等的小说对现代伊朗剧作家产生了持久的影响。Farindokht Zahedi(2006)在她对伊朗戏剧中易卜生的研究中,将挪威剧作家来到伊朗追溯到二十世纪初伊朗西北部亚美尼亚剧团的表演实践,特别是霍万斯·阿贝良(1865–1936),他于1909年在大不里士市用亚美尼亚语向亚美尼亚和伊朗观众上演了《人民的敌人》。在很短的时间内,易卜生在伊朗人中获得了相当大的声望,到20世纪40年代,他的戏剧被翻译成波斯语,并在全国各地上演,尤其是在大不里士、德黑兰和伊斯法罕等城市。易卜生在伊朗人中受到热烈欢迎的一个主要原因是,易卜生的社会戏剧可以为伊朗剧作家和戏剧制作人提供对当代社会“文化和社会环境”的批判性参与(1985年5月,30日)。伊朗受到欢迎的同时,由于公民和政治结构的急剧变化,经济和贫困也在衰退。文化变化的一个重要因素
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引用次数: 0
The Master’s Fall: The Fall of the Bourgeoisie Through the Fall of Patriarchy 大师的陨落:从父权制的陨落看资产阶级的陨落
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2023.2215000
Farid Manouchehrian
When in 1884 Henrik Ibsen expressed his support of a bill presented to the Norwegian parliament proposing “separate property rights for married women,” he famously commented that “to consult men in such a matter is like asking wolves if they desire better protection for the sheep” (1964, 227–228). By the time that Ibsen was strongly advocating for the women’s property bill, he had already written A Doll’s House (1879) in which Nora had to leave home to gain her autonomy, not Torvald. However, she did not have a home of her own to take refuge in. After the meeting in 1884 when Ibsen signed the petition in favor of women’s property rights, he went on to portray women such as Rebecca West, Ellida and Bolette Wangel, and Hedda Gabler who were also financially dependent on male protagonists and trapped in either their father’s or husband’s home. While Toril Moi correctly asserts that women “admired Ibsen’s heroines for claiming their right to an independent life of the mind,” it is worth noting that none of these characters were financially independent, nor had they any property (2021, 91). While they tried to proclaim their emancipation, they were still financially dependent on men to support them. Women’s financial subordination, as a result, would reassure men that women’s autonomy is limited, especially for those who keep an eye on their husband’s purse strings. Torvald’s relationship with Nora is corroborative evidence in this regard.
1884年,亨利克·易卜生(Henrik Ibsen)对提交给挪威议会的一项提案表示支持,该提案建议“已婚妇女享有单独的财产权”,他的著名评论是“在这种问题上咨询男性就像问狼是否希望更好地保护羊群”(1964,227-228)。在易卜生强烈支持妇女财产法案的时候,他已经写了《玩偶之家》(1879),其中诺拉不得不离开家获得自主权,而不是托瓦德。然而,她没有自己的家可以避难。在1884年的会议上,易卜生签署了支持女性财产权的请愿书,之后,他继续描绘像丽贝卡·韦斯特、埃利达和波莱特·旺格尔、赫达·盖博勒这样的女性,她们在经济上也依赖于男主角,被困在父亲或丈夫的家里。虽然Toril Moi正确地断言,女性“钦佩易卜生的女主人公,因为她们声称自己有独立的思想生活的权利”,但值得注意的是,这些角色都不是经济独立的,也没有任何财产(2021,91)。当她们试图宣告她们的解放时,她们在经济上仍然依赖于男人来支持她们。因此,女性在经济上的从属地位会让男性放心,女性的自主权是有限的,尤其是对那些盯着丈夫钱包的人来说。托瓦德与诺拉的关系是这方面的佐证。
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引用次数: 0
I Skyggen av Ibsen. Dikterens unge kvinner. En historie om kunst, makt og BEGJÆR 在易卜生的阴影下。独裁者的年轻女性。一个关于艺术、权力和正义的故事。
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2023.2215002
Jørgen Haave
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引用次数: 0
Peripeteia: Ibsen’s History in Hedda Gabler and the Pretenders 佩里佩蒂娅:易卜生在《赫达·加布勒与伪装者》中的历史
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2023.2214999
Joachim Schiedermair
If you want to explore the topic of peripeteia or turning points as a literary scholar, you will find a very promising subject in the genre of the history play. For in a history play two types of turning points intersect; one could perhaps find in this crossroad the characteristic that makes a history play a history play. On the one hand, there is the peripeteia which, according to the founding text of drama analysis, structures every play. In Poetics, Aristotle presents the peripeteia as a category for building meaning through narratives. It denotes the turning point in a tragedy, the moment at which it becomes obvious that what was expected in the fictional world depicted on stage will not happen. The turnaround redefines every single element of the story and by this re-definition it shows connections between these elements, connections that were not obvious so far or did not exist before. Only the peripeteia binds all the elements that are represented on the stage, together into a whole: “A whole is that which has a beginning, a middle, and an end... . A well-constructed plot, therefore, must neither begin nor end at haphazard” (Aristotle 1951, 145b). If drama as a genre gains its narrative cohesion through the peripeteia, then this is all the truer for the history play. When selecting historical material, the author will search history books for those moments that support the construction of their plot, that is, such moments that have already been canonised as key events in history: turning points or catastrophes, political crises, decisive battles, the signing of an agreement of great significance, reformations or revolutions. Aristotle’s structural peripeteia will
作为一名文学学者,如果你想探索peripeteia或转折点的话题,你会在历史剧的类型中找到一个非常有前途的主题。因为在一部历史剧中,两种类型的转折点相交;人们也许可以在这个十字路口找到使历史剧成为历史剧的特征。一方面,根据戏剧分析的创始文本,有一个peripeteia,它构成了每一部戏剧。在《诗学》中,亚里士多德将peripeteia作为一种通过叙事来构建意义的范畴。它标志着悲剧的转折点,在这个时刻,舞台上描绘的虚构世界中所期望的事情显然不会发生。转变重新定义了故事的每一个元素,通过这种重新定义,它显示了这些元素之间的联系,这些联系到目前为止并不明显,或者以前不存在。只有peripeteia将舞台上表现的所有元素结合在一起,形成一个整体:“整体就是有开始、中间和结束的东西……因此,一个构建良好的情节既不能随意开始,也不能随意结束”(亚里士多德1951年,145b)。如果戏剧作为一种类型通过perpeteia获得了叙事的凝聚力,那么这对历史剧来说更是如此。在选择史料时,作者会在史书中搜索那些支持其情节构建的时刻,即那些已经被奉为历史关键事件的时刻:转折点或灾难、政治危机、决定性的战斗、重大协议的签署、改革或革命。亚里士多德的结构peripeteia意志
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引用次数: 0
Peer Gynt: From Play to Game Peer Gynt:从游戏到游戏
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2023.2214998
Magnus H Sandberg
Henrik Ibsen’s drama Peer Gynt (1867) has been adapted for a video game. While it is meant for educational use and has already been launched on a Norwegian publisher’s school site, its learning mechanics are subtle enough that the game will also be offered in the entertainment market as a narrative adventure game (The Peer Gynt Game, n.d.). An adaptation of a written play as a video game implies that new modes of storytelling are being introduced, as well as a degree of agency for the players. The capability for this medium to adapt to and develop more traditional narrative expressions, considering their immense popularity and increased acknowledgement as works of art, makes video games an increasingly important area of study (Ensslin 2014; Kulturdepartementet 2019). This was part of the reasoning behind the decision to develop a video game version of Peer Gynt for students in secondary school. The project was initiated by Peer Gynt AS, the organizer of the annual Peer Gynt festival in Gudbrandsdalen district in Norway, where three of the play’s five acts are set. They were searching for new ways to introduce a new generation to the story world of Peer Gynt. Peer Gynt AS initiated a dialogue with the Norwegian publishing house Aschehoug, and later with game developers at Sarepta Studio in Hamar. This led to a
亨里克·易卜生的戏剧《Peer Gynt》(1867)已被改编成电子游戏。虽然它是用于教育的,并且已经在挪威一家出版商的学校网站上推出,但它的学习机制非常微妙,游戏也将作为一款叙事冒险游戏(the Peer Gynt game,n.d.)在娱乐市场上推出。将书面游戏改编为电子游戏意味着正在引入新的讲故事模式,以及球员的代理权。这种媒介适应和发展更传统的叙事表达的能力,考虑到它们作为艺术作品的巨大受欢迎程度和认可度,使电子游戏成为一个越来越重要的研究领域(Enslin 2014;Kulturdepartemente2019)。这是决定为中学生开发Peer Gynt电子游戏版本的部分原因。该项目由Peer Gynt AS发起,他是挪威古德布兰兹达伦区一年一度的Peer Gyent音乐节的组织者,该剧的五幕中有三幕是在这里上演的。他们正在寻找新的方式,将新一代引入Peer Gynt的故事世界。Peer Gynt AS发起了与挪威Aschehoug出版社的对话,后来又与哈马的Sarepta工作室的游戏开发商进行了对话。这导致了
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引用次数: 1
Eivind TjØnneland: “Abnorme” Kvinner. Henrik Ibsen Og Dekadansen. Eivind Germany,“与众不同”的女性。Henrik Ibsen和Dedamance。
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2022.2125214
Mariane Hansson
Eivind Tjønneland has already published several texts about Ibsen’s women, such as Rebekka West and Hedda Gabler, as well as other aspects of his work, such as modernity in Ibsen og moderniteten from 1993, symbolism in “Ibsen og symbolismen” from 2021, and the concept of bohemianism in “Bohembegrepet i norsk litteraturdebatt 1890” from 2021.” Tjønneland’s present volume studies the concept of decadence and literary representations of decadence both in general and in relation to the heroines in Ibsen’s plays. The main theme of the book is the connection between decadence and abnormality, especially as it is relevant to the women in Ibsen’s drama. Tjønneland gives a nuanced portrait of the author in his final years as seen through the critical reception of the time. Tjønneland focuses primarily on Norwegian critics but includes insights from Swedish, Danish, and German voices as well. In the twelve chapters of the book, he discusses “abnormal” female figures and theoretical perspectives on the Decadent Woman of the 1890s. In the first chapter he introduces what he refers to as Ibsen’s “abnormal” female characters, while in the second chapter he presents the decadent woman of 1890 before he, in the third chapter, investigates Hedda Gabler. In chapter four he presents how women were associated with “primitive races” in the 1890s, and then he brings up Hilde Wangel. In the sixth chapter he shows how Ibsen’s characters were seen as lacking Norwegian character, and in the seventh how the Norwegian literary historian Christen Collin saw decadent women as “morally abnormal fantasy children.” In chapter eight Tjønneland examines Rita Allmers and in chapter
Eivind Tjønneland已经出版了几本关于易卜生女性的文本,如丽贝卡·韦斯特和海达·盖博勒,以及易卜生作品的其他方面,如1993年《易卜生与现代主义》中的现代性,2021年《易卜生与象征主义》中的象征主义,以及2021年《波西米亚人与挪威文学》中的波西米亚主义概念。Tjønneland的本卷研究了颓废的概念和颓废的文学表现,无论是一般的颓废还是与易卜生戏剧中的女主角有关的颓废。这本书的主题是颓废与异常之间的联系,特别是因为它与易卜生戏剧中的女性有关。tj . nneland通过当时评论界对作者最后几年的评价,细致入微地描绘了作者的晚年。Tjønneland主要关注挪威评论家,但也包括来自瑞典、丹麦和德国声音的见解。在书的十二个章节中,他讨论了“不正常”的女性形象和19世纪90年代“颓废女性”的理论视角。在第一章中,他介绍了他所说的易卜生“不正常”的女性角色,而在第二章中,他介绍了1890年的颓废女性,在第三章中,他调查了Hedda Gabler。在第四章中,他介绍了19世纪90年代女性是如何与“原始种族”联系在一起的,然后他提到了希尔德·旺格尔。在第六章中,他展示了易卜生笔下的人物是如何被视为缺乏挪威特色的,而在第七章中,挪威文学历史学家克里斯汀·科林(Christen Collin)是如何将颓废的女性视为“道德异常的幻想儿童”的。在第八章中,Tjønneland考察了Rita Allmers
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引用次数: 0
My Nora in Wu Xiaojiang’s A Doll’s House (1998): Aesthetic Transmission and Political Context 吴小江《玩偶之家》(1998)中的我的诺拉:审美传递与政治语境
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2022.2125213
Agnete G. Haaland
No matter where or how Henrik Ibsen’s plays are performed, actors and directors bring their own aesthetic and cultural heritage into the rehearsal room. The fact that they are all part of a culture cannot be underlined enough. Or as the Ibsen researcher Frode Helland puts it, “we are all of culture, and we cannot speak from outside of it” (Helland 2015, 7). In 1998 I played Nora at the China National Experimental Theatre in Beijing in director Wu Xiaojiang’s A Doll’s House. (The theatre is now called National Theatre of China, NTC). In a press release from the theatre in 1998 I am quoted as follows:
无论亨里克·易卜生的戏剧在哪里或如何表演,演员和导演都会将自己的美学和文化遗产带入排练室。它们都是一种文化的一部分,这一事实再怎么强调也不为过。或者,正如易卜生研究人员Frode Helland所说,“我们都是文化的一部分,我们不能从文化之外说话”(Helland 2015,7)。1998年,我在北京中国实验剧院的吴小江导演的《玩偶之家》中扮演诺拉。(该剧院现在被称为中国国家剧院(NTC)。在1998年剧院的一份新闻稿中,我的话如下:
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引用次数: 1
Preface 前言
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2022.2125211
Thor Holt
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引用次数: 0
Peer Gynt and Suzannah: Revealing Representations of Age 皮尔·金特和苏珊娜:揭示年龄的表现
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2022.2125212
Connie Amundson
What does it mean to grow old? Are we destined to reach a peak of physical, mental, and social well-being at some relatively early age only to decline, either slowly or precipitously, toward death? Or are there surprising gifts to be had from aging, based on our inherent creativity, as it manifests in a myriad of ways throughout the latter half of life? From ancient Greek and Roman philosophy to contemporary conventional wisdom the former is favored, whereas age theorists in our contemporary time explore the latter. In the anglophonic world these concepts from age theory have been used, over the past twenty years, to examine plays and their performances. However, with the exception of Elinor Fuchs’s article, “Estragement: Towards an ‘Age Theory’ Theatre Criticism,” age theory has been largely ignored in scholarship about Norwegian drama (Fuchs 2014, 69). I aim to address this gap by exploring how age is represented in two Norwegian plays, Ibsen’s Peer Gynt (1867) and Jon Fosse’s Suzannah (2004), thereby arriving at an understanding of what Fuchs calls “the immensity of the conscious experience of age” (Fuchs 2014, 77). I understand this phrase to point to something about the accumulation of experience, understanding, and perhaps even wisdom among those who have lived a long life. My intent is to explore how Peer Gynt and Suzannah bring to our awareness something beyond, as Fuchs writes, “the discourse of normative life, where the failing body-as-decline numbly presides” (Fuchs 2014, 77). This potential for reading dramatic literature with particular attention to aging is highly available in these two plays which enact three ages of the eponymous characters.
变老意味着什么?我们是否注定要在相对较早的时候达到身体、心理和社会幸福感的顶峰,但却缓慢或急剧地走向死亡?或者,基于我们固有的创造力,衰老是否会带来令人惊讶的天赋,因为它在后半生以多种方式表现出来?从古希腊罗马哲学到当代传统智慧,前者受到青睐,而我们当代的时代理论家则对后者进行了探索。在英语世界里,这些来自年龄理论的概念在过去的二十年里被用来研究戏剧及其表演。然而,除了Elinor Fuchs的文章《疏远:走向‘年龄理论’的戏剧批评》外,年龄理论在挪威戏剧学术界基本上被忽视了(Fuchs 2014,69)。我的目标是通过探索易卜生的《Peer Gynt》(1867年)和乔恩·福斯的《Suzannah》(2004年)这两部挪威戏剧中年龄的表现来解决这一差距,从而理解福克斯所说的“年龄的意识体验的巨大性”(福克斯2014,77)。我理解这句话是指那些长寿的人积累经验、理解力,甚至智慧。我的意图是探索Peer Gynt和Suzannah如何让我们意识到,正如Fuchs所写,“规范生活的话语,衰退的身体麻木地主持着”(Fuchs 2014,77)。这种阅读戏剧文学的潜力,尤其是对衰老的关注,在这两部剧中体现了三个时代的同名角色。
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引用次数: 0
Preface Issue 1 2022 前言第1版2022
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1080/15021866.2022.2063976
L. Xia
This proceeding comprises selected papers from the 5th International Conference on Materials and Manufacturing Engineering (ICMME-2020) at SRI CHANDRASEKHARENDRA SARASWATHI VISWA MAHAVIDYALAYA (SCSVMV), Kanchipuram, India. This book covers a wide range of topics within the materials and manufacturing disciplines. The content includes technical papers and review articles mainly focused in synthesis, development and characterization of new materials and machiningassociated studies on various materials. This book covers some of the recent advancements in the areas such as optimization techniques, computational fluid dynamics, tribology, alternate fuels, turbomachinery, renewable energy, thermal engineering and metal forming process. The collective expertise of the editorial team in a variety of aspects in the mechanical engineering field to manage the editorial process efficiently for providing a high-quality review process. Also, this book will be providing a technological and scientific platform for researchers, scientists, engineers and academicians seeking advancements in the area of materials and manufacturing engineering. List of Guest Editors, Committee, Keynote Speaker, Snap Shots in ICMME-2020, Conference Presentations are available in this pdf.
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ibsen Studies
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