{"title":"Les germanistes français et l’Allemagne (1925-1949)","authors":"M. Espagne","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"573-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution draws attention to the figure of the sociologist and philosopher Georges Gurvitch, an important mediator of German phenomenology in Interwar France. In the 1930s, Gurvitch developed a pluralist philosophy of law which gave social groups a decisive role in the development of law. Drawing on the writings of German sociologists (Scheler, Sinzheimer), he criticized French centralism, in which administrative standards take precedence over the plurality of social experience. In the current context, Gurvitch’s writings are an impetus to rethink the problem of cultural diversity and conflicts, and to find an alternative to the opposition between intolerant denial of diversity on the one hand, and a differentialism that tolerates intolerant behaviour in the name of cultural diversity on the other. This attempt to update the reflections on social democracy of the 1920s and 1930s ties in with the way Cecile Laborde uses the tradition of pluralist philosophy to design a republicanism that is more open to diversity, or how Sophie Guerard de Latour refers to Durkheim in order to combine the definition of a common good while taking into account the diverse reality of society.
这一贡献引起了人们对社会学家和哲学家Georges Gurvitch的关注，他是法国内战期间德国现象学的重要调解人。20世纪30年代，Gurvitch发展了一种多元化的法律哲学，使社会群体在法律发展中发挥了决定性作用。他借鉴了德国社会学家（Scheler，Sinzheimer）的著作，批评了法国的中心主义，在这种中心主义中，行政标准优先于社会经验的多元性。在目前的背景下，Gurvitch的作品推动了人们重新思考文化多样性和冲突问题，并找到了一种替代方案，一方面是对多样性的不容忍否认，另一方面是以文化多样性的名义容忍不容忍行为的差异主义。这种更新20世纪20年代和30年代对社会民主反思的尝试与塞西尔·拉博德利用多元哲学传统设计更开放多样性的共和主义的方式有关，也与索菲·格拉德·德·拉图尔（Sophie Guerard de Latour）如何指代涂尔干（Durkheim）以结合共同利益的定义，同时考虑到社会的多样性现实有关。
{"title":"L’État face au pluralisme des valeurs. Réflexions sociologiques des années 1920 en France et en Allemagne","authors":"Olivier Agard","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0475","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution draws attention to the figure of the sociologist and philosopher Georges Gurvitch, an important mediator of German phenomenology in Interwar France. In the 1930s, Gurvitch developed a pluralist philosophy of law which gave social groups a decisive role in the development of law. Drawing on the writings of German sociologists (Scheler, Sinzheimer), he criticized French centralism, in which administrative standards take precedence over the plurality of social experience. In the current context, Gurvitch’s writings are an impetus to rethink the problem of cultural diversity and conflicts, and to find an alternative to the opposition between intolerant denial of diversity on the one hand, and a differentialism that tolerates intolerant behaviour in the name of cultural diversity on the other. This attempt to update the reflections on social democracy of the 1920s and 1930s ties in with the way Cecile Laborde uses the tradition of pluralist philosophy to design a republicanism that is more open to diversity, or how Sophie Guerard de Latour refers to Durkheim in order to combine the definition of a common good while taking into account the diverse reality of society.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"475-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Actualité de la Dramaturgie de Hambourg","authors":"J. Valentin","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"563-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study deals with an article by Charles de Villers (1765-1815) published in Le Spectateur du Nord (June 1799), a journal printed in Hamburg and also known as an organ of French emigrants. This article, entitled “Metaphysicien publiquement accuse d’atheisme”, is an advocacy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s Philosophy as part of the Atheism dispute. The study first addresses the different stages of the dispute and Fichte’s philosophical development in the field of religious doctrine. A second part focuses on the analysis of Villers’ arguments. Finally, the study attempts to establish the specificity of Villers’ position, which takes on the symbolic dimension of a plea for the freedom of thought, in a key period of the Late Enlightenment, when even the concept of God was called into question.
这项研究涉及查尔斯·德·维勒(1765-1815)在汉堡出版的杂志《北方观察家》(Le Spectateur du Nord)(1799年6月)上发表的一篇文章，该杂志也被称为法国移民的报纸。这篇题为《形而上学的公开指责无神论》的文章，是对约翰·戈特利布·费希特的哲学作为无神论争论的一部分的一种倡导。本研究首先论述了争论的不同阶段和费希特在宗教教义领域的哲学发展。第二部分着重分析了维勒斯的观点。最后，本研究试图确立维勒斯立场的特殊性，在晚期启蒙运动的关键时期，在上帝的概念受到质疑的时候，维勒斯的立场采取了对思想自由的呼吁的象征性维度。
{"title":"Charles de Villers, avocat de Fichte dans le Spectateur du Nord (1799). Un plaidoyer pour la liberté de pensée ?","authors":"Catherine Julliard","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0493","url":null,"abstract":"The study deals with an article by Charles de Villers (1765-1815) published in Le Spectateur du Nord (June 1799), a journal printed in Hamburg and also known as an organ of French emigrants. This article, entitled “Metaphysicien publiquement accuse d’atheisme”, is an advocacy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s Philosophy as part of the Atheism dispute. The study first addresses the different stages of the dispute and Fichte’s philosophical development in the field of religious doctrine. A second part focuses on the analysis of Villers’ arguments. Finally, the study attempts to establish the specificity of Villers’ position, which takes on the symbolic dimension of a plea for the freedom of thought, in a key period of the Late Enlightenment, when even the concept of God was called into question.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"493-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49039139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eighteenth-century intellectual debates may sometimes be used to reveal the issues at stake in contemporary ones as does for example the controversy between Mendelssohn and Christian Wilhelm Dohm about the emancipation of the Jews: what matters to Mendelssohn beyond the question of the rights of the Jews as a religious minority, is the recognition of fundamental natural rights on which the recognition of civil rights can be established.Mendelssohn opposes a communitarian misinterpretation of the issue of equal rights, rejecting thus the confusion between liberalism and laissez-faire. US-American debates on freedom of religious thought, in which religious tolerance, relativism and freedom are often used to justify discrimination, show how perfectly right he was as a man ahead of his time.Pluralism does not mean that all assertions are acceptable as a principle; in fact, quite the opposite is true: it presupposes that they are acceptable in principle, i.e. that they meet the requirement of pluralism.This article confronts Habermas’s theoretical models with Jean-Francois Lyotard’s, and analyses the contribution of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. Lyotard’s essential idea is to encourage the acceptance of diversity of opinion, provided it does not jeopardise democracy, and to maintain the dialogue, without surrendering to reasons that are not recognised as better ones. A commitment that is not hopelessly dogmatic must allow the dialogue to flow in a discursive way.
{"title":"Comment enchaîner ? Réflexions sur le déchaînement de la pensée tolérante","authors":"G. Raulet","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0441","url":null,"abstract":"Eighteenth-century intellectual debates may sometimes be used to reveal the issues at stake in contemporary ones as does for example the controversy between Mendelssohn and Christian Wilhelm Dohm about the emancipation of the Jews: what matters to Mendelssohn beyond the question of the rights of the Jews as a religious minority, is the recognition of fundamental natural rights on which the recognition of civil rights can be established.Mendelssohn opposes a communitarian misinterpretation of the issue of equal rights, rejecting thus the confusion between liberalism and laissez-faire. US-American debates on freedom of religious thought, in which religious tolerance, relativism and freedom are often used to justify discrimination, show how perfectly right he was as a man ahead of his time.Pluralism does not mean that all assertions are acceptable as a principle; in fact, quite the opposite is true: it presupposes that they are acceptable in principle, i.e. that they meet the requirement of pluralism.This article confronts Habermas’s theoretical models with Jean-Francois Lyotard’s, and analyses the contribution of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition. Lyotard’s essential idea is to encourage the acceptance of diversity of opinion, provided it does not jeopardise democracy, and to maintain the dialogue, without surrendering to reasons that are not recognised as better ones. A commitment that is not hopelessly dogmatic must allow the dialogue to flow in a discursive way.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"441-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the Enlightenment legacy of Habermas’ philosophy from the perspective of the question of tolerance. In his latest writings on religion (in particular Zwischen Naturalismus und Religion, 2005, and Nachmetaphysisches Denken II, 2012), Habermas acknowledges the new vitality of religions in Western democracies. He discusses the latest reflections of sociologists of religion on the process of secularization and its link with the modernisation of contemporary societies, which has hitherto been taken for granted. This leads him to question the potentialities of the Enlightenment and its “culture”. In doing so, is the Frankfurt philosopher indulging in a kind of “defeatism of reason” (Jean-Claude Monod)? Or should we rather see Habermas’s doubts as a testimony to his new interest in the pre-political sources of social solidarity?
本文从宽容问题的角度考察了哈贝马斯哲学的启蒙遗产。哈贝马斯在其关于宗教的最新著作中（特别是Zwischen Naturalimus und religion，2005年和Nachmetaphysiches Denken II，2012年），承认宗教在西方民主国家中的新活力。他讨论了宗教社会学家对世俗化进程的最新思考，以及世俗化与当代社会现代化的联系，迄今为止，这一直被认为是理所当然的。这使他开始质疑启蒙运动及其“文化”的潜力。在这样做的过程中，法兰克福哲学家是否沉溺于一种“理性的失败主义”（让-克洛德·莫诺德）？还是我们应该将哈贝马斯的怀疑视为他对政治前社会团结来源的新兴趣的证明？
{"title":"Tolérance, sécularisation et pensée postmétaphysique. Habermas et les Lumières","authors":"Maiwenn Roudaut","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0425","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Enlightenment legacy of Habermas’ philosophy from the perspective of the question of tolerance. In his latest writings on religion (in particular Zwischen Naturalismus und Religion, 2005, and Nachmetaphysisches Denken II, 2012), Habermas acknowledges the new vitality of religions in Western democracies. He discusses the latest reflections of sociologists of religion on the process of secularization and its link with the modernisation of contemporary societies, which has hitherto been taken for granted. This leads him to question the potentialities of the Enlightenment and its “culture”. In doing so, is the Frankfurt philosopher indulging in a kind of “defeatism of reason” (Jean-Claude Monod)? Or should we rather see Habermas’s doubts as a testimony to his new interest in the pre-political sources of social solidarity?","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"425-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorsque parait, au lendemain de la Premiere Guerre mondiale, la Psychologie des conceptions du monde de Karl Jaspers, se noue un vif debat intellectuel, tout particulierement avec Martin Heidegger. Ce debat gravite autour de formes distinctes de tolerance : tandis que Jaspers prone un renouvellement successif de l’existence a travers l’acceptation de l’autre, ou l’individu, pour ne pas succomber a la sclerose intellectuelle, doit chercher a se glisser dans un nouveau rapport au monde, Heidegger cherche a acceder a une forme originaire du soi qui se revele au contraire dans la confrontation a l’autre, qu’il s’agit des lors de respecter dans son alterite. Se degage a travers ce debat un antagonisme entre une forme inclusive et exclusive de la tolerance, mais il doit egalement etre percu comme la volonte de conferer a la crise profonde que traverse la pensee allemande au lendemain du conflit mondial une portee positive, de percevoir dans cette crise le moment d’une revelation existentielle.
{"title":"Philosophische Grabenkämpfe. Zur Frage der Toleranz bei Heidegger und Jaspers während der Anfangsjahre der Weimarer Republik","authors":"D. Meyer","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0461","url":null,"abstract":"Lorsque parait, au lendemain de la Premiere Guerre mondiale, la Psychologie des conceptions du monde de Karl Jaspers, se noue un vif debat intellectuel, tout particulierement avec Martin Heidegger. Ce debat gravite autour de formes distinctes de tolerance : tandis que Jaspers prone un renouvellement successif de l’existence a travers l’acceptation de l’autre, ou l’individu, pour ne pas succomber a la sclerose intellectuelle, doit chercher a se glisser dans un nouveau rapport au monde, Heidegger cherche a acceder a une forme originaire du soi qui se revele au contraire dans la confrontation a l’autre, qu’il s’agit des lors de respecter dans son alterite. Se degage a travers ce debat un antagonisme entre une forme inclusive et exclusive de la tolerance, mais il doit egalement etre percu comme la volonte de conferer a la crise profonde que traverse la pensee allemande au lendemain du conflit mondial une portee positive, de percevoir dans cette crise le moment d’une revelation existentielle.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"461-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his Lettre (1787), advocating political tolerance towards the Jews of France, Isaiah Berr-Bing, maskil and pupil of Mendelssohn, addresses the French Christians and asks for the emancipation of the Jews. Fifty-three years later, the young rabbi Lazare Wogue published his Sermon sur la Tolerance for his fellow believers in Metz. In the meantime, the concept of tolerance had lost its initial political meaning. It now was brought into play in the theological disputes that were stirring up the Jewish community of Lorraine. Wogue thus uses a concept inherited from the French Enlightenment outside its original context in order to prevent the split between reformists and conservatives within French Judaism.
{"title":"La notion de tolérance dans les milieux juifs de Metz, d’Isaïe Berr-Bing (1787) au Sermon sur la tolérance de Lazare Wogue (1840)","authors":"Claire Placial","doi":"10.3917/EGER.299.0509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/EGER.299.0509","url":null,"abstract":"In his Lettre (1787), advocating political tolerance towards the Jews of France, Isaiah Berr-Bing, maskil and pupil of Mendelssohn, addresses the French Christians and asks for the emancipation of the Jews. Fifty-three years later, the young rabbi Lazare Wogue published his Sermon sur la Tolerance for his fellow believers in Metz. In the meantime, the concept of tolerance had lost its initial political meaning. It now was brought into play in the theological disputes that were stirring up the Jewish community of Lorraine. Wogue thus uses a concept inherited from the French Enlightenment outside its original context in order to prevent the split between reformists and conservatives within French Judaism.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"509-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’article met d’abord en regard la critique benjaminienne de l’histoire avec le monde narre dans le recit Gavroche et y voit une critique implicite de la conception du temps dominante en RDA. Le moment privilegie symbolise par le concept de l’a-present (Jetztzeit) correspondrait a une possible experience individuelle du temps. Ce concept se retrouve dans la construction metaleptique du texte refletant sur un plan metalitteraire l’idee de l’interruption d’un ordre temporel homogene. Enfin, est egalement evoquee le lien entre l’ecriture de Seiler et le concept de rememoration qui vise a sauvegarder des elements du passe.
{"title":"Zeitwahrnehmung und Benjamin-Reminiszenzen in Lutz Seilers Erzählung Gavroche","authors":"Carola Hähnel-Mesnard","doi":"10.3917/eger.298.0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/eger.298.0311","url":null,"abstract":"L’article met d’abord en regard la critique benjaminienne de l’histoire avec le monde narre dans le recit Gavroche et y voit une critique implicite de la conception du temps dominante en RDA. Le moment privilegie symbolise par le concept de l’a-present (Jetztzeit) correspondrait a une possible experience individuelle du temps. Ce concept se retrouve dans la construction metaleptique du texte refletant sur un plan metalitteraire l’idee de l’interruption d’un ordre temporel homogene. Enfin, est egalement evoquee le lien entre l’ecriture de Seiler et le concept de rememoration qui vise a sauvegarder des elements du passe.","PeriodicalId":41323,"journal":{"name":"ETUDES GERMANIQUES","volume":"1 1","pages":"311-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70094296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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