Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00118
Nobuyuki Kobayashi
The previous study states an effective description method depending on the type of System-of-Systems (SoS) needs to be indicated. An architecture description method proposed in the previous study clarifies the objects to reduce misunderstanding the scopes of managed objects at the designing open SoS. However, the method describing the boundaries of the specific rules is not mentioned to connect among systems related to open SoS. If the systems engineers and the systems designers cannot recognize the range in which the systems related to open SoS work with the specific rules, it would be difficult to redesign open SoS realizing interoperability in the future. Therefore, this study aims to propose an architecture description method for describing ranges of the specific rules to connect among systems related to open SoS. The evaluation method confirmed from the two viewpoints that if the subjects can describe and explain the range including SoI and the objects related to SoI, and the range including the external object (X) and the objects related to X. The results of this study suggested that the proposed method is effective for the subjects to recognize the boundaries.
{"title":"An architecture description method for describing ranges of the specific rules to connect among systems related to open Systems-of-Systems (SoS)","authors":"Nobuyuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00118","url":null,"abstract":"The previous study states an effective description method depending on the type of System-of-Systems (SoS) needs to be indicated. An architecture description method proposed in the previous study clarifies the objects to reduce misunderstanding the scopes of managed objects at the designing open SoS. However, the method describing the boundaries of the specific rules is not mentioned to connect among systems related to open SoS. If the systems engineers and the systems designers cannot recognize the range in which the systems related to open SoS work with the specific rules, it would be difficult to redesign open SoS realizing interoperability in the future. Therefore, this study aims to propose an architecture description method for describing ranges of the specific rules to connect among systems related to open SoS. The evaluation method confirmed from the two viewpoints that if the subjects can describe and explain the range including SoI and the objects related to SoI, and the range including the external object (X) and the objects related to X. The results of this study suggested that the proposed method is effective for the subjects to recognize the boundaries.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127432230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00054
T. Chow
The “admissions funnel” is a useful visualization of the key stages in the student admissions process where prospective applicants are admitted and subsequently enrolled to colleges and universities in the United States. Once students begin to enroll at the higher education institutions, a “student progression” funnel can be viewed as analogous to the admissions funnel for tracking the progress made by cohorts of students over time towards reaching their degree completion goals. Nationally, currently available bachelor's degree completion rate of first-time undergraduate students at the same institution within 6 years is at about 62%, while the retention rate of first-time undergraduate students returning to the same institution for their second year is at about 81%. These staggering statistics on key student success measures highlight the importance of fixing the leakage of the student progression funnel early on in hope for more students to realize their goals for successful degree completion. This article described a mixed-methods approach for identifying factors critical to student retention at one American STEM-focused teaching institution and the strategies and challenges involved in the attempt to broadening the student progression funnel for improving student success.
{"title":"Broadening the Funnel: An Approach to Improve Student Success Pipeline","authors":"T. Chow","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00054","url":null,"abstract":"The “admissions funnel” is a useful visualization of the key stages in the student admissions process where prospective applicants are admitted and subsequently enrolled to colleges and universities in the United States. Once students begin to enroll at the higher education institutions, a “student progression” funnel can be viewed as analogous to the admissions funnel for tracking the progress made by cohorts of students over time towards reaching their degree completion goals. Nationally, currently available bachelor's degree completion rate of first-time undergraduate students at the same institution within 6 years is at about 62%, while the retention rate of first-time undergraduate students returning to the same institution for their second year is at about 81%. These staggering statistics on key student success measures highlight the importance of fixing the leakage of the student progression funnel early on in hope for more students to realize their goals for successful degree completion. This article described a mixed-methods approach for identifying factors critical to student retention at one American STEM-focused teaching institution and the strategies and challenges involved in the attempt to broadening the student progression funnel for improving student success.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129169554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, dangerous-driving information, such as drowsy driving and inattentive driving, obtained by a driver-monitoring system is disseminated to neighboring drivers using a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system. This system is expected to prevent accidents by automatically taking accident-avoidance actions once dangerous driving information is received. Existing state-of-the-art accident-prevention systems warn drivers when dangerous driving is detected. Unlike such systems, the proposed system tries to prevent accidents by warning the surrounding drivers by providing dangerous-driving information. The effectiveness of this proposal is verified through a multi-agent simulation, and our proposed mechanism is confirmed to be more effective in preventing car accidents.
{"title":"Reducing Traffic Accidents Using a V2V System that Disseminates Dangerous-Driving Information","authors":"Sin Syo, Yuka Yamanari, Takashi Nishino, Masaru Miyao, Peng Liu, Hisashi Hayashi","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00059","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, dangerous-driving information, such as drowsy driving and inattentive driving, obtained by a driver-monitoring system is disseminated to neighboring drivers using a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system. This system is expected to prevent accidents by automatically taking accident-avoidance actions once dangerous driving information is received. Existing state-of-the-art accident-prevention systems warn drivers when dangerous driving is detected. Unlike such systems, the proposed system tries to prevent accidents by warning the surrounding drivers by providing dangerous-driving information. The effectiveness of this proposal is verified through a multi-agent simulation, and our proposed mechanism is confirmed to be more effective in preventing car accidents.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127775109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00086
Yuki Wakatsuki, Yusuke Yamamoto
We propose a clustering method to support users in discovering unexpected perspectives of ideas. The proposed method performs principal component analysis on a set of ideas and clusters ideas with unexpected perspectives by reducing specific dimensions. By presenting the clustered results to users, the proposed method encourages discovery of unexpected perspectives. We conducted user experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, where participants were asked to name the groups of ideas output by the proposed method. We then asked the participants to evaluate the unexpectedness of the group names. The results suggest that the proposed method can cluster a set of ideas from unexpected perspectives compared to existing clustering methods.
{"title":"Clustering to Support Users Finding Unexpected Perspectives in Brainstorming","authors":"Yuki Wakatsuki, Yusuke Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00086","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a clustering method to support users in discovering unexpected perspectives of ideas. The proposed method performs principal component analysis on a set of ideas and clusters ideas with unexpected perspectives by reducing specific dimensions. By presenting the clustered results to users, the proposed method encourages discovery of unexpected perspectives. We conducted user experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, where participants were asked to name the groups of ideas output by the proposed method. We then asked the participants to evaluate the unexpectedness of the group names. The results suggest that the proposed method can cluster a set of ideas from unexpected perspectives compared to existing clustering methods.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129436085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00026
H. Hirose
By analyzing the fluctuations of ability estimates in testing, we first obtain the purely probabilistic fluctuations of ability estimates in a one-time testing under the condition that the students' abilities can be estimated by using the item response theory, and next, by taking into account such the probabilistic fluctuations, we find students who reveal the discrepancies of observed abilities between two separated testings. When such discrepancies of abilities are observed, test results are considered to be affected by some factors such as the physical conditions of the examinees, the teacher's teaching skills, and students' study skill developments. To describe such a phenomenon, we proposed a basic formula. Using an example case took in a university mathematics testing, we have shown how we have extracted the purely probabilistic fluctuations and segregated fluctuations due to other factors.
{"title":"Analysis of Fluctuations of Ability Estimates in Testing","authors":"H. Hirose","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00026","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing the fluctuations of ability estimates in testing, we first obtain the purely probabilistic fluctuations of ability estimates in a one-time testing under the condition that the students' abilities can be estimated by using the item response theory, and next, by taking into account such the probabilistic fluctuations, we find students who reveal the discrepancies of observed abilities between two separated testings. When such discrepancies of abilities are observed, test results are considered to be affected by some factors such as the physical conditions of the examinees, the teacher's teaching skills, and students' study skill developments. To describe such a phenomenon, we proposed a basic formula. Using an example case took in a university mathematics testing, we have shown how we have extracted the purely probabilistic fluctuations and segregated fluctuations due to other factors.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/IIAI-AAI53430.2021.00053
Mio Tsubakimoto
In this study, we developed a prototype rubric for teaching assistants (TAs) to self-evaluate their learning support behaviors. The rubric was created in the form of checkboxes by categorizing physical behaviors during learning support with multiple social cues. Especially for TAs who have never worked as TAs before or have no experience as TAs in small-group lectures, the check-box rubric makes it easy to understand what they are supposed to do or not do. This format may encourage easy and appropriate self-evaluation by TAs. To create a rubric, graduate students with enough experience as TAs in small-group practice classes were asked how they used body parts in their learning support behaviors during practice classes using a questionnaire. Formative evaluation of this rubric needs to be conducted in the future.
{"title":"Prototype of a Rubric for Classifying Teaching Assistants' Learning Support Behaviors by Social Channels","authors":"Mio Tsubakimoto","doi":"10.1109/IIAI-AAI53430.2021.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIAI-AAI53430.2021.00053","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we developed a prototype rubric for teaching assistants (TAs) to self-evaluate their learning support behaviors. The rubric was created in the form of checkboxes by categorizing physical behaviors during learning support with multiple social cues. Especially for TAs who have never worked as TAs before or have no experience as TAs in small-group lectures, the check-box rubric makes it easy to understand what they are supposed to do or not do. This format may encourage easy and appropriate self-evaluation by TAs. To create a rubric, graduate students with enough experience as TAs in small-group practice classes were asked how they used body parts in their learning support behaviors during practice classes using a questionnaire. Formative evaluation of this rubric needs to be conducted in the future.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121313721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00072
Satoru Hakukawa, T. Isokawa, N. Kamiura
In this paper, a method of evaluating zones from the viewpoint of sight scene resources in Himeji City, Japan, is presented to promote the tourism of that city for foreign tourists. It employs support vector machine (SVM for short). Data presented to discrimination models constructed by SVM learning are prepared from numbers of tourists totaled by country. The element value of the data is therefore equal to the number of the tourists coming from some country and visiting some zone of one square kilometer in Himeji City. The discrimination model judges whether a zone is worth to visit for the tourists coming from each of the following countries: France, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Singapore, Australia, and United States of America. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves favorable values of recall, precision, and F-measure on average when training data are prepared from numbers of the tourists coming from six countries out of the above seven ones considered to be of importance for the promotion.
{"title":"Tourism Evaluation of Zones for Foreigners Visiting Himeji City Using Support Vector Machines","authors":"Satoru Hakukawa, T. Isokawa, N. Kamiura","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00072","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a method of evaluating zones from the viewpoint of sight scene resources in Himeji City, Japan, is presented to promote the tourism of that city for foreign tourists. It employs support vector machine (SVM for short). Data presented to discrimination models constructed by SVM learning are prepared from numbers of tourists totaled by country. The element value of the data is therefore equal to the number of the tourists coming from some country and visiting some zone of one square kilometer in Himeji City. The discrimination model judges whether a zone is worth to visit for the tourists coming from each of the following countries: France, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Singapore, Australia, and United States of America. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves favorable values of recall, precision, and F-measure on average when training data are prepared from numbers of the tourists coming from six countries out of the above seven ones considered to be of importance for the promotion.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124137043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00078
Daiko Kishikawa, S. Arai
In recent years, inverse reinforcement learning, which estimates the reward from the sequence of states followed by an expert (trajectory), has been attracting attention in terms of imitating complex behaviors and estimating the intentions of people or animals. Existing inverse reinforcement learning methods assume that the expert has a single objective. However, it is more natural to assume that experts have multiple objectives in the real world. A previous paper proposed a method for estimating an expert's preferences for each objective (i.e., weights) when the true multi-objective reward vector is known. In this study, we formulated the simultaneous estimation of the multi-objective reward vector and weights as a multi-objective inverse reinforcement learning (MOIRL) problem where both are unknown. In this paper, we propose a MOIRL method based on non-negative matrix factorization. Through the results of computational experiments, we show that the proposed method can estimate the rewards and weights from trajectories obtained in a multi-objective environment.
{"title":"Multi-Objective Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Non-Negative Matrix Factorization","authors":"Daiko Kishikawa, S. Arai","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00078","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, inverse reinforcement learning, which estimates the reward from the sequence of states followed by an expert (trajectory), has been attracting attention in terms of imitating complex behaviors and estimating the intentions of people or animals. Existing inverse reinforcement learning methods assume that the expert has a single objective. However, it is more natural to assume that experts have multiple objectives in the real world. A previous paper proposed a method for estimating an expert's preferences for each objective (i.e., weights) when the true multi-objective reward vector is known. In this study, we formulated the simultaneous estimation of the multi-objective reward vector and weights as a multi-objective inverse reinforcement learning (MOIRL) problem where both are unknown. In this paper, we propose a MOIRL method based on non-negative matrix factorization. Through the results of computational experiments, we show that the proposed method can estimate the rewards and weights from trajectories obtained in a multi-objective environment.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123189112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00089
Strasser Sophia, Kucera Markus
This paper focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in robotic surgery. The question of safety and autonomy follows through the whole paper. Guidelines like Safety Integrity Levels which apply to dependable systems in general are described shortly. Overall, this work does not explicitly supply advantages of AI and instructional guidelines to build autonomous robots, instead, concentrates on challenges in the use of AI. In conclusion, there are still many open issues in the use of AI which cause potential gaps in reliability.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in safety-relevant embedded systems - on autonomous robotic surgery","authors":"Strasser Sophia, Kucera Markus","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00089","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in robotic surgery. The question of safety and autonomy follows through the whole paper. Guidelines like Safety Integrity Levels which apply to dependable systems in general are described shortly. Overall, this work does not explicitly supply advantages of AI and instructional guidelines to build autonomous robots, instead, concentrates on challenges in the use of AI. In conclusion, there are still many open issues in the use of AI which cause potential gaps in reliability.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131386671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While many people search the Web for familiar health information, the quality of that information varies widely. In this study, we focus on the queries that current users use to search for health information. Therefore, queries made by current users needed to be collected. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment to collect queries using crowdsourcing. In the experiment, participants were given the task of creating a query for health information, and then the queries were collected and annotated. Finally, we analyzed the user-generated query pattern and the relationship between the query terms, search expertise, and e- Health literacy.
{"title":"Investigating Users' Query Formulations in Consumer Health Search","authors":"Soichiro Hamajima, Takehiro Yamamoto, Hiroaki Ohshima","doi":"10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00066","url":null,"abstract":"While many people search the Web for familiar health information, the quality of that information varies widely. In this study, we focus on the queries that current users use to search for health information. Therefore, queries made by current users needed to be collected. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment to collect queries using crowdsourcing. In the experiment, participants were given the task of creating a query for health information, and then the queries were collected and annotated. Finally, we analyzed the user-generated query pattern and the relationship between the query terms, search expertise, and e- Health literacy.","PeriodicalId":414070,"journal":{"name":"2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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