Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_35
N. Homma
A. resistance factor is a substance with certain functions, a lack of which, by itself, does not have any adverse biological influence. However, once a human body is affected by forces from the outside, a lack of this factor causes pathological changes within the living body. Since in everyday life, a human body is always confronted with various forces from the outside, a body lacking a resistance factor is inevitably susceptible to the danger of pathological changes. Examples of resistance factors and susceptible factors proposed by Homma are listed in Table 1. This paper deals with various comprehensive studies on intestinal flora with special attention to bifidobacteria, the main component of the intestinal flora.
a .抗性因子是一种具有一定功能的物质，缺乏这种功能本身不会产生任何不利的生物影响。然而，一旦人体受到外界力量的影响，缺乏这个因素就会导致活体内部的病理变化。由于在日常生活中，人体总是要面对来自外界的各种力量，缺乏抵抗因素的身体必然容易受到病理变化的危险。Homma提出的耐药因素和易感因素示例见表1。本文介绍了肠道菌群的各种综合研究，特别关注肠道菌群的主要组成部分双歧杆菌。
{"title":"Bifidobacteria as a Resistance Factor in Human Beings","authors":"N. Homma","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_35","url":null,"abstract":"A. resistance factor is a substance with certain functions, a lack of which, by itself, does not have any adverse biological influence. However, once a human body is affected by forces from the outside, a lack of this factor causes pathological changes within the living body. Since in everyday life, a human body is always confronted with various forces from the outside, a body lacking a resistance factor is inevitably susceptible to the danger of pathological changes. Examples of resistance factors and susceptible factors proposed by Homma are listed in Table 1. This paper deals with various comprehensive studies on intestinal flora with special attention to bifidobacteria, the main component of the intestinal flora.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_59
T. Araya-Kojima, T. Yaeshima, N. Ishibashi, S. Shimamura, H. Hayasawa
The inhibitory effects of human-derived Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on harmful intestinal bacteria were examined by co-cultivation of BB536 with each one of the following eight bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium clostridiiforme, C. perfringens, Bacteroides distasonis, B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron a d B. vulgatus. In comparison with the results of mono-cultivation, BB536 inhibited both the growth of these putrefactive bacteria and their production of ammonia, and decreased the pH of the culture medium by producing lactic and acetic acids. Enzymatic assays showed that in BB536 the sorts of the enzymes involved in ammonia production (urease and amino acid deaminases) were rather few and their activities were weaker than observed in the harmful bacteria, whereas the activities of enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation (glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were much higher in BB536 than in the putrefactive bacteria.
{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on Harmful Intestinal Bacteria","authors":"T. Araya-Kojima, T. Yaeshima, N. Ishibashi, S. Shimamura, H. Hayasawa","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_59","url":null,"abstract":"The inhibitory effects of human-derived Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on harmful intestinal bacteria were examined by co-cultivation of BB536 with each one of the following eight bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium clostridiiforme, C. perfringens, Bacteroides distasonis, B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron a d B. vulgatus. In comparison with the results of mono-cultivation, BB536 inhibited both the growth of these putrefactive bacteria and their production of ammonia, and decreased the pH of the culture medium by producing lactic and acetic acids. Enzymatic assays showed that in BB536 the sorts of the enzymes involved in ammonia production (urease and amino acid deaminases) were rather few and their activities were weaker than observed in the harmful bacteria, whereas the activities of enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation (glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were much higher in BB536 than in the putrefactive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.2_75
Y. Benno, K. Endo, N. Shiragami, T. Mitsuoka
Effects of two a-glucosidase inhibitors, Acarbose and BAY-m-1099, on the intestinal microflora, cecal weight, cecal ammonia concentration, cecal pH, body-weight gains, and levels of serum cholesterol and lipids of Fischer male rats were determined. The cecal microflora of rats fed Acarbose-supplemented diets showed a reduction of Enterobacteriaceae and increases of lecithinase-negative Clostridium spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. by feeding day (FD) 14. By FD 28, the numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. in the Acarbose groups were higher than those in the control and BAY-m-1099 groups. Increasing numbers of Staphylococcus spp. were observed in the cecum of rats fed Acarbose (the volume of intake, 40 mg/100 g of feed)and BAY-m1099-supplemented diets. The weight of cecum in the Acarbose groups was significantly increased when compared with those in the other groups. The ammonia concentration and pH values in the cecum of rats fed Acarbose diets were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The body-weight gains in the Acarbose groups by FD 28 were significantly lower than those in the BAY-m-1099 and control groups. Significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were observed in the Acarbose groups by FD 28. These findings indicated that inhibition of sugar absorption in the small intestine of rats influenced the composition of intestinal microflora, body-weight gains, differences in cecal weight, cecal pH, and cecal ammonia concetration, bodyweight gains, and the levels of serum cholesterol and lipids.
{"title":"Effects of Two α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Acarbose, and BAY-m-1099, on Intestinal Microflora, Cecal Properties, Body-Weight Gains, Serum Cholesterol and Serum Lipids of Rats","authors":"Y. Benno, K. Endo, N. Shiragami, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.2_75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.2_75","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of two a-glucosidase inhibitors, Acarbose and BAY-m-1099, on the intestinal microflora, cecal weight, cecal ammonia concentration, cecal pH, body-weight gains, and levels of serum cholesterol and lipids of Fischer male rats were determined. The cecal microflora of rats fed Acarbose-supplemented diets showed a reduction of Enterobacteriaceae and increases of lecithinase-negative Clostridium spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. by feeding day (FD) 14. By FD 28, the numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. in the Acarbose groups were higher than those in the control and BAY-m-1099 groups. Increasing numbers of Staphylococcus spp. were observed in the cecum of rats fed Acarbose (the volume of intake, 40 mg/100 g of feed)and BAY-m1099-supplemented diets. The weight of cecum in the Acarbose groups was significantly increased when compared with those in the other groups. The ammonia concentration and pH values in the cecum of rats fed Acarbose diets were significantly lower than those in the other groups. The body-weight gains in the Acarbose groups by FD 28 were significantly lower than those in the BAY-m-1099 and control groups. Significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were observed in the Acarbose groups by FD 28. These findings indicated that inhibition of sugar absorption in the small intestine of rats influenced the composition of intestinal microflora, body-weight gains, differences in cecal weight, cecal pH, and cecal ammonia concetration, bodyweight gains, and the levels of serum cholesterol and lipids.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123159465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_119
M. Romond, N. Chadli, T. Mitsuoka, C. Romond
Mucus and gynolactose might control host-Bjdobacterium interactions. Their respective roles were investigated in this study using gnotobiotic mice. By comparing glycoprotein SDS-PAGE profiles, mucus from various murine lines (NC, CF1, BALB/c and C3H) were differentiated. We attempted then to determine the intestinal substrates utilized by various bifidobacteria. First, NC and CF1 germfree mice received an inoculum of a murine species, B. animalis. Bacteria utilized the glycosyl fraction of several CF1. glycocompounds. No such extensive degradation was observed in NC mice. In constrast, both NC and CF1. mice responded to colonization by modifying hexosamine composition of their high molecular weight mucins. Three human species (B. bifidum, B. breve and B. longum) were then assayed for their in vivo capacity to degrade murine mucus from C3H mice. B. bifidum utilized extensively glycoproteins from the mucus, whereas B. longum and B. breve were unable to degrade them. However, none of the human strains led to intestinal mucins modification. Origin of the strains seemed to be a factor controlling the host response. Finally, gynolactose effect was investigated in germfree, B. breve-associated, and infant flora—associated C3H mice. Few modifications to mucus composition were noticed in the first two cases. In infant flora—associated mice, new intestinal glycoproteins and proteins were detected but bacterial counts were not changed. Host response to gynolactose might depend on the implantation of some unknown intestinal bacteria. It is likely that the proliferation of bifidobacteria shown in breast-fed infants does not correspond to a direct gynolactose promoting effect. But it is probably related to mucus modification induced by gynolactose.
{"title":"Host-Intestinal Microflora Interactions: Role of the Mucus and Gynolactose","authors":"M. Romond, N. Chadli, T. Mitsuoka, C. Romond","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_119","url":null,"abstract":"Mucus and gynolactose might control host-Bjdobacterium interactions. Their respective roles were investigated in this study using gnotobiotic mice. By comparing glycoprotein SDS-PAGE profiles, mucus from various murine lines (NC, CF1, BALB/c and C3H) were differentiated. We attempted then to determine the intestinal substrates utilized by various bifidobacteria. First, NC and CF1 germfree mice received an inoculum of a murine species, B. animalis. Bacteria utilized the glycosyl fraction of several CF1. glycocompounds. No such extensive degradation was observed in NC mice. In constrast, both NC and CF1. mice responded to colonization by modifying hexosamine composition of their high molecular weight mucins. Three human species (B. bifidum, B. breve and B. longum) were then assayed for their in vivo capacity to degrade murine mucus from C3H mice. B. bifidum utilized extensively glycoproteins from the mucus, whereas B. longum and B. breve were unable to degrade them. However, none of the human strains led to intestinal mucins modification. Origin of the strains seemed to be a factor controlling the host response. Finally, gynolactose effect was investigated in germfree, B. breve-associated, and infant flora—associated C3H mice. Few modifications to mucus composition were noticed in the first two cases. In infant flora—associated mice, new intestinal glycoproteins and proteins were detected but bacterial counts were not changed. Host response to gynolactose might depend on the implantation of some unknown intestinal bacteria. It is likely that the proliferation of bifidobacteria shown in breast-fed infants does not correspond to a direct gynolactose promoting effect. But it is probably related to mucus modification induced by gynolactose.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115153173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_27
I. Kiyosawa, M. Takase, K. Yamauchi, Ono Joji, T. Yaeshima, S. Okonogi
In breast-fed newborn infants, a stable microflora having more than 90% Bifidobacterium is usually developed in the colon and the feces within 5 days after birth. As a result, pH value lowers and putrefactive bacteria decrease in the feces. In bottle feeding with the milk containing a certain quantity of lactulose, it is observed that pH value, the population of Bifidobacterium, and lysozyme activity in the feces approach the levels of breast feeding. The ratio of Bifidobacterium to the total anaerobic bacteria, lysozyme activity, and concentration of the organic acids were increased while pH was lowered in the feces of infants who were fed the follow-up formula food containing lactulose. Composition of the organic acids in the feces varied depending upon the age. The values of molar ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid in feces of suckling infants were 2.7 to 5.3 and they were elevated by 5to 7-fold in those feces of weaning infants, while lactic acid was not detected in the feces of the adult subjects. In the in vitro experiments, all bifidobacterial species of the present study assimilated lactulose. The activity for lactulose assimilation was, on the contrary, deficient in Clostridium dificile. When C. perfringens or E. coli was cultured simultaneously with the Bifidobacterium in the PYF culture medium containing lactulose, the former two microbials were suppressed remarkably. Infant rats were inoculated with C. perfringens and fed the milk containing lactulose. The occurrence number of the rats in which C. perfringens was detected in the colon also tends to decline during the feeding.
{"title":"Lactulose and Intestinal Microflora in Infant Nutrition","authors":"I. Kiyosawa, M. Takase, K. Yamauchi, Ono Joji, T. Yaeshima, S. Okonogi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_27","url":null,"abstract":"In breast-fed newborn infants, a stable microflora having more than 90% Bifidobacterium is usually developed in the colon and the feces within 5 days after birth. As a result, pH value lowers and putrefactive bacteria decrease in the feces. In bottle feeding with the milk containing a certain quantity of lactulose, it is observed that pH value, the population of Bifidobacterium, and lysozyme activity in the feces approach the levels of breast feeding. The ratio of Bifidobacterium to the total anaerobic bacteria, lysozyme activity, and concentration of the organic acids were increased while pH was lowered in the feces of infants who were fed the follow-up formula food containing lactulose. Composition of the organic acids in the feces varied depending upon the age. The values of molar ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid in feces of suckling infants were 2.7 to 5.3 and they were elevated by 5to 7-fold in those feces of weaning infants, while lactic acid was not detected in the feces of the adult subjects. In the in vitro experiments, all bifidobacterial species of the present study assimilated lactulose. The activity for lactulose assimilation was, on the contrary, deficient in Clostridium dificile. When C. perfringens or E. coli was cultured simultaneously with the Bifidobacterium in the PYF culture medium containing lactulose, the former two microbials were suppressed remarkably. Infant rats were inoculated with C. perfringens and fed the milk containing lactulose. The occurrence number of the rats in which C. perfringens was detected in the colon also tends to decline during the feeding.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115538771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_21
H. Ochi, M. Kuboyama, Kunihiko Shino, Y. Katsukura
In order to examine the effect of Streptococcus lactis (ATCC 19435) cell preparation on the retarding of senile changes in Wistar and SHR rats, a comparatively large dose, namely 1.2 •~ 1011 cells or 120 mg in dry weight, was fed per capita for life. Striking differences in appearance of Wistar rats at 27 months of age after weaning were observed between the control group which was fed commercial pelletized feed and the study group which was fed the same plus 1% of S. lactis preparation; remarkable kephosis and alopecia developed in the former, none in the latter. Other age-related changes significantly suppressed by such extended supplementation of the culture were fibrosis and calcification of cartilage matrix; aortic endothelial damage, segmental thickening, calcification and chondroid cells in intima; hypertension in aging SHR; disarray of hepatic cords and portal fibrosis; atrophy of epidermis and appendages, and increase in amorphous dermal matrix in Wistar; waxy degeneration and atrophy of
{"title":"Retardation of Senescence by Extended Intake of Streptococcus lactis Cell Preparation","authors":"H. Ochi, M. Kuboyama, Kunihiko Shino, Y. Katsukura","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_21","url":null,"abstract":"In order to examine the effect of Streptococcus lactis (ATCC 19435) cell preparation on the retarding of senile changes in Wistar and SHR rats, a comparatively large dose, namely 1.2 •~ 1011 cells or 120 mg in dry weight, was fed per capita for life. Striking differences in appearance of Wistar rats at 27 months of age after weaning were observed between the control group which was fed commercial pelletized feed and the study group which was fed the same plus 1% of S. lactis preparation; remarkable kephosis and alopecia developed in the former, none in the latter. Other age-related changes significantly suppressed by such extended supplementation of the culture were fibrosis and calcification of cartilage matrix; aortic endothelial damage, segmental thickening, calcification and chondroid cells in intima; hypertension in aging SHR; disarray of hepatic cords and portal fibrosis; atrophy of epidermis and appendages, and increase in amorphous dermal matrix in Wistar; waxy degeneration and atrophy of","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123375024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_33
K. Miyazaki, Saburo Chida, K. Aikawa, N. Okamura, R. Nakaya
The strains of Bifidobacterium spp. highly resistant to ƒÀlactams, macrolides, and aminoglycosides were isolated by using the gradient plate and broth culture methods with ampicillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, and kanamycin as selective agents. The biochemical characteristics, cell morphology, and antigenic structure of the mutants were similar to those of their original strains, except for the possession of antibiotic resistance. We think this is the first report on the existence of ƒÀ-lactamor macrolide-resistant strains from the genus Bifidobacterium .
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Bifidobacterium spp","authors":"K. Miyazaki, Saburo Chida, K. Aikawa, N. Okamura, R. Nakaya","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_33","url":null,"abstract":"The strains of Bifidobacterium spp. highly resistant to ƒÀlactams, macrolides, and aminoglycosides were isolated by using the gradient plate and broth culture methods with ampicillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, and kanamycin as selective agents. The biochemical characteristics, cell morphology, and antigenic structure of the mutants were similar to those of their original strains, except for the possession of antibiotic resistance. We think this is the first report on the existence of ƒÀ-lactamor macrolide-resistant strains from the genus Bifidobacterium .","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124622318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_53
Chong Jin Park, Jin-Ki Baek, Hyun-soo Lee, Y. Tashiro, T. Mitsuoka
Distribution of the fecal microflora in several specimens from different locations of the human stool was analyzed with the steel wool method and the plate-in-bottle method. Total bacterial counts and the number of bacteroidaceae at the upper portion of the stool were significantly higher than those at the lower portion by both culture methods. Lecithinase-negative clostridia were recovered in significantly higher numbers at the middle or upper portion compared with the lower portion by the plate-in-bottle method. The number of lactobacilli was significantly higher at the upper portion than at the other portions. There was no significant difference in the numbers of other bacterial groups observed. The percentage of bifidobacteria in the total bacterial populations enumerated by the steel wool method varied among the three portions of the stool, while those counted by the plate-in-bottle method were consistent. These results indicate that the composition of the fecal microflora was differently analyzed at the parts of the stool possibly because of oxygen diffused from the anus. A culture method for highly oxygen sensitive anaerobes could minimize this difference.
{"title":"Differences of Microflora Depending on the Parts of Human Stool","authors":"Chong Jin Park, Jin-Ki Baek, Hyun-soo Lee, Y. Tashiro, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.2_53","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of the fecal microflora in several specimens from different locations of the human stool was analyzed with the steel wool method and the plate-in-bottle method. Total bacterial counts and the number of bacteroidaceae at the upper portion of the stool were significantly higher than those at the lower portion by both culture methods. Lecithinase-negative clostridia were recovered in significantly higher numbers at the middle or upper portion compared with the lower portion by the plate-in-bottle method. The number of lactobacilli was significantly higher at the upper portion than at the other portions. There was no significant difference in the numbers of other bacterial groups observed. The percentage of bifidobacteria in the total bacterial populations enumerated by the steel wool method varied among the three portions of the stool, while those counted by the plate-in-bottle method were consistent. These results indicate that the composition of the fecal microflora was differently analyzed at the parts of the stool possibly because of oxygen diffused from the anus. A culture method for highly oxygen sensitive anaerobes could minimize this difference.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121191957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.2_61
H. Isogai, E. Isogai, K. Hirose, M. Hayashi, S. Namioka, Koichi Kimura, N. Fujii, F. Yoshimura
The adherence to human buccal epithelial cells was compared between non-fimbriated and fimbriated strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The non-fimbriated strain was isolated from P. gingivalis 381 fimbriated strain by culturing the bacteria with the monoclonal antibody which was specific against the fimbriae of strain 381. The non-fimbriated strain did not agglutinate with the monoclonal antibody or anti-fimbriae antiserum, while it agglutinated with antiserum to whole P. gingivalis 381 cells. Fimbriae were not detected on the surface of non-fimbriated strain by electron microscopy. The adherence of the non-fimbriated strain to epithelial cells was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the original fimbriated strain 381. The mean number of bacteria adhering to epithelial cells was only 9.0± 12.0/buccal cell in the non-fimbriated strain and 92.9•}38.7 in the original strain 381. The hemagglutinating ability was not affected by loss of fimbriae. Additionally, fimbriae did not show hemagglutinating activity. The results indicated that the fimbriae of P. gingivalis 381 are largely responsible for the bacterial adherence to epithelial cells but were not essential for hemagglutinating ability
{"title":"Reduction of Adherence Ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis to Epithelial Cells by Loss of Fimbriae","authors":"H. Isogai, E. Isogai, K. Hirose, M. Hayashi, S. Namioka, Koichi Kimura, N. Fujii, F. Yoshimura","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.2_61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.2_61","url":null,"abstract":"The adherence to human buccal epithelial cells was compared between non-fimbriated and fimbriated strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The non-fimbriated strain was isolated from P. gingivalis 381 fimbriated strain by culturing the bacteria with the monoclonal antibody which was specific against the fimbriae of strain 381. The non-fimbriated strain did not agglutinate with the monoclonal antibody or anti-fimbriae antiserum, while it agglutinated with antiserum to whole P. gingivalis 381 cells. Fimbriae were not detected on the surface of non-fimbriated strain by electron microscopy. The adherence of the non-fimbriated strain to epithelial cells was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the original fimbriated strain 381. The mean number of bacteria adhering to epithelial cells was only 9.0± 12.0/buccal cell in the non-fimbriated strain and 92.9•}38.7 in the original strain 381. The hemagglutinating ability was not affected by loss of fimbriae. Additionally, fimbriae did not show hemagglutinating activity. The results indicated that the fimbriae of P. gingivalis 381 are largely responsible for the bacterial adherence to epithelial cells but were not essential for hemagglutinating ability","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115815101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_45
J. Kashimura, Y. Nakajima, Y. Benno, K. Endo, T. Mitsuoka
Effects of the intake of a candy containing palatinose and palatinose condensates, in daily dosage of 12 or 24 g for 10 days, on microflora, pH, and water contents in feces were investigated in eight healthy volunteers. The number of bifidobacteria and percentage of the microorganisms to total bacteria were higher during than before or after a period of the candy intake. Remarkable changes of fecal pH and water contents were not observed during a period of the intake.
{"title":"Effects of Palatinose and Its Condensate Intake on Human Fecal Microflora","authors":"J. Kashimura, Y. Nakajima, Y. Benno, K. Endo, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_45","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the intake of a candy containing palatinose and palatinose condensates, in daily dosage of 12 or 24 g for 10 days, on microflora, pH, and water contents in feces were investigated in eight healthy volunteers. The number of bifidobacteria and percentage of the microorganisms to total bacteria were higher during than before or after a period of the candy intake. Remarkable changes of fecal pH and water contents were not observed during a period of the intake.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115961155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：