Pub Date : 1988-08-07DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_1
H. Saito
Microorganisms such as Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus and their components enhance resistance to bacterial and viral infections (6, 7, 16, 1823) ; this effect being caused by the direct activation of macrophage functions or T or B cell-mediated macrophage activation (3, 9, 16) . Bloksma et al (4) reported that some lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus plantarum, have a strong adjuvanticity on the antibody production to sheep erythrocyte and on delayed-type hypersensitivity. Kato et al (8) reported that Lactobacillus casei may induce macrophages that have potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia. The objective of the present study was to determine if Lactobacillus, especially L. casei would enhance the host resistance to bacterial and viral infections induced in mice.
{"title":"Enhancement of Host Resistance to Bacterial and Viral Infections by Lactobacillus casei","authors":"H. Saito","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.7.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms such as Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Streptococcus and their components enhance resistance to bacterial and viral infections (6, 7, 16, 1823) ; this effect being caused by the direct activation of macrophage functions or T or B cell-mediated macrophage activation (3, 9, 16) . Bloksma et al (4) reported that some lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus plantarum, have a strong adjuvanticity on the antibody production to sheep erythrocyte and on delayed-type hypersensitivity. Kato et al (8) reported that Lactobacillus casei may induce macrophages that have potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia. The objective of the present study was to determine if Lactobacillus, especially L. casei would enhance the host resistance to bacterial and viral infections induced in mice.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114276321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_25
T. Tsuda, T. Ohkubo, M. Tsuda, M. Yamamura, N. Ohnishi
A fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T) was isolated from feces of conventional rats and mice. Effect of FS-T on food intake was compared between conventional (CV) and germfree (GF) animal. FS-T induced significant feeding suppression in CV and GF mice by intraperitoneal injection, but no difference was found between CV and GF in the degree of the effect. Oral administration of FS-T did not induce anorexia in either CV or GF mice, and spontaneous food intake was not different between CV and GF mice. These data showed that the bacterial products such as FS-T in gastrointestinal tract did not cause anorexia in CV animal, though FS-T was an anorexigenic factor when it was injected intraperitoneally.
{"title":"Regulation of Appetite and Gastrointestinal Microflora: Role of a Fecal Anorexigenic Substance (FS-.T)","authors":"T. Tsuda, T. Ohkubo, M. Tsuda, M. Yamamura, N. Ohnishi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_25","url":null,"abstract":"A fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T) was isolated from feces of conventional rats and mice. Effect of FS-T on food intake was compared between conventional (CV) and germfree (GF) animal. FS-T induced significant feeding suppression in CV and GF mice by intraperitoneal injection, but no difference was found between CV and GF in the degree of the effect. Oral administration of FS-T did not induce anorexia in either CV or GF mice, and spontaneous food intake was not different between CV and GF mice. These data showed that the bacterial products such as FS-T in gastrointestinal tract did not cause anorexia in CV animal, though FS-T was an anorexigenic factor when it was injected intraperitoneally.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117184213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_97
Dieter Grobklaus
It is a pleasure for me to accept the kind invitation of the President of the Japanese Veterinary Medical Association, Dr. Sugiyama, which was extended to me due to the arrangement by Dr. Ozawa, and I consider it a great honor to speak to you on the occasion of your Annual Meeting as an official speaker from Germany. Thus, I am standing here, in a way, as an ambassador of the German medicine and veterinary medicine and, in particular, of food hygiene which has been developed on the basis of it, and I would like to refer to the traditional friendship between our countries and to give, at the same time, new impulses to the collaboration in our field. In this connection, I remember with pleasure one of my predecessors in this function, Prof. Dr. and Dr. h.c. J. Fortner, who maintained close connections in particular to the Animal Health Institute and who showed to me with pride his appointment by you as an Honorary Member back in the sixties. As the present President of the German Federal Health Office, which is located in Berlin, I wish to remind you of Robert Koch and his disciple Kitasato, two internationally highly estimated specialists in the field of infectious diseases, who established the traditional collaboration in the field of the control of infectious diseases in 1885-1892. In July of this year we will celebrate the centenary of the Robert Koch Institute of this Office in the presence of representatives of the famous Kitasato Institute. Finally, I would like to inform you that I am one of the sponsors of the Japanese-German Centre which was established in the presence of the former Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Nakasone, in Berlin in 1986. At present I am chairman of the working group "Medicine and Biotechnology" of that Centre. I hope that my stay in your country will also be beneficial for the collaboration with the Japanese veterinary medicine under the roof of this Centre in Berlin. You may imagine that the German population and the people of Berlin are happy about the reunification and the
我很高兴地接受日本兽医协会主席杉山博士的盛情邀请，这是由于小泽博士的安排而向我发出的邀请，我认为我很荣幸能在你们的年会上作为德国的正式发言人向你们讲话。因此，在某种程度上，我站在这里，作为德国医学和兽医学的大使，特别是在此基础上发展起来的食品卫生，我想提到我们两国之间的传统友谊，同时为我们在这个领域的合作提供新的动力。在这方面，我高兴地想起我在这个职位上的一位前任，Dr.教授和h.c. J. Fortner博士，他们与动物卫生研究所保持着密切的联系，并自豪地向我展示了他在60年代被你们任命为荣誉会员的经历。作为位于柏林的德国联邦卫生局的现任主席，我想提醒大家罗伯特·科赫和他的弟子北中，两位在传染病领域受到国际高度评价的专家，他们于1885-1892年在传染病控制领域建立了传统的合作关系。今年7月，我们将在著名的北中研究所的代表出席的情况下，庆祝本办事处罗伯特·科赫研究所成立100周年。最后，我要通知你，我是1986年在日本前首相中曾根先生在场的情况下在柏林成立的日德中心的发起者之一。目前，我是该中心“医学和生物技术”工作组的主席。我希望我在贵国的逗留也将有助于在柏林这个中心的屋檐下与日本兽医的合作。你可以想象德国人民和柏林人民对统一和
{"title":"Food Hygiene and Important Future Tasks","authors":"Dieter Grobklaus","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_97","url":null,"abstract":"It is a pleasure for me to accept the kind invitation of the President of the Japanese Veterinary Medical Association, Dr. Sugiyama, which was extended to me due to the arrangement by Dr. Ozawa, and I consider it a great honor to speak to you on the occasion of your Annual Meeting as an official speaker from Germany. Thus, I am standing here, in a way, as an ambassador of the German medicine and veterinary medicine and, in particular, of food hygiene which has been developed on the basis of it, and I would like to refer to the traditional friendship between our countries and to give, at the same time, new impulses to the collaboration in our field. In this connection, I remember with pleasure one of my predecessors in this function, Prof. Dr. and Dr. h.c. J. Fortner, who maintained close connections in particular to the Animal Health Institute and who showed to me with pride his appointment by you as an Honorary Member back in the sixties. As the present President of the German Federal Health Office, which is located in Berlin, I wish to remind you of Robert Koch and his disciple Kitasato, two internationally highly estimated specialists in the field of infectious diseases, who established the traditional collaboration in the field of the control of infectious diseases in 1885-1892. In July of this year we will celebrate the centenary of the Robert Koch Institute of this Office in the presence of representatives of the famous Kitasato Institute. Finally, I would like to inform you that I am one of the sponsors of the Japanese-German Centre which was established in the presence of the former Japanese Prime Minister, Mr. Nakasone, in Berlin in 1986. At present I am chairman of the working group \"Medicine and Biotechnology\" of that Centre. I hope that my stay in your country will also be beneficial for the collaboration with the Japanese veterinary medicine under the roof of this Centre in Berlin. You may imagine that the German population and the people of Berlin are happy about the reunification and the","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"20 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125775209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_1
H. Naito
The solubility of a mineral is a principal criterion for its bioavailability. This property within the small intestinal tract may be markedly affected by a dietary protein source which forms a small amount of macropeptides; the latter interact with minerals having different strength of affinity. Such ligand formation between peptide and mineral cations usually lowers the absorption of minerals. However, in some instances—casein phosphopeptide (CPP) for example—a ligand with cation rather enhances absorption. The relationship in the affinity of mineral ions between ligand and the epithelial mucosal membrane is very important in considering the intestinal mineral absorption.
{"title":"Intestinal Protein Digestion and Mineral Bioavailability with Special Reference to Casein Phosphopeptide on Ca Absorption","authors":"H. Naito","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"The solubility of a mineral is a principal criterion for its bioavailability. This property within the small intestinal tract may be markedly affected by a dietary protein source which forms a small amount of macropeptides; the latter interact with minerals having different strength of affinity. Such ligand formation between peptide and mineral cations usually lowers the absorption of minerals. However, in some instances—casein phosphopeptide (CPP) for example—a ligand with cation rather enhances absorption. The relationship in the affinity of mineral ions between ligand and the epithelial mucosal membrane is very important in considering the intestinal mineral absorption.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128408266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_1
H. Shah, S. Gharbia
The bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of man is very complex and varied and reflects the enormous diversity of this ecosystem . Members of the Bacteroidaceae colonize both the upper and lower regions of this system but several factors contribute to limit specific taxa to certain niches . In Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2) , 3 genera, Bacteroides, Fuso-b acterium and Leptotrichia are recognized on the basis of physiological tests and acid end product analysis. The genus Leptotrichia remains monospecific , with L. buccalis,( which produces lactic acid as a major end product of metabolism) as its only species. Members of the genus Fusobacterium are characterized by the production of butyric acid and their general asaccharolytic nature . Though the genus appears to be homogeneous, considerable intrageneric heterogeneity exists. Whereas most species have DNA base compositions within the range 25-34 M % G+ C, some such as F. sulci (39%) and the type strain of F . naviforme (43%) are clearly atypical . Some species such as F. nucleatum (type species) and F. periodonticum possess a peptidoglycan structure based upon meso-lanthionine (AIo) while others such as F. varium contain a dl-diaminopimelic acid structure (7, 11, 22) . F. mortiferum atypically has a mixture of both diamino acids. The nature of cross-linkage of these peptidoglycan chemotypes is shown in Fig. 1. Recently we have shown that glutamate is both a useful diagnostic marker at the species and generic levels (4, 6, 20) and is utilized as a major source of energy (5, 10) . Three pathways, viz the 2-oxoglutarate , mesaconate and 4-aminobutyrate, were reported for the catabolism of glutamate (3) . The relationship between these pathways of glutamate catabolism and the distribution of peptidoglycan chemotypes is shown in Fig . 2. Thus despite the apparent homogeneity of the genus, it is in need of urgent chemotaxonomic analyses. The type species was recently shown to be heterogeneous by both DNA-DNA hybridization , enzyme electrophoretic patterns and ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns
{"title":"Taxonomy and Ecology of Bacteroidaceae in the Alimentary Tract of Man","authors":"H. Shah, S. Gharbia","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of man is very complex and varied and reflects the enormous diversity of this ecosystem . Members of the Bacteroidaceae colonize both the upper and lower regions of this system but several factors contribute to limit specific taxa to certain niches . In Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology (2) , 3 genera, Bacteroides, Fuso-b acterium and Leptotrichia are recognized on the basis of physiological tests and acid end product analysis. The genus Leptotrichia remains monospecific , with L. buccalis,( which produces lactic acid as a major end product of metabolism) as its only species. Members of the genus Fusobacterium are characterized by the production of butyric acid and their general asaccharolytic nature . Though the genus appears to be homogeneous, considerable intrageneric heterogeneity exists. Whereas most species have DNA base compositions within the range 25-34 M % G+ C, some such as F. sulci (39%) and the type strain of F . naviforme (43%) are clearly atypical . Some species such as F. nucleatum (type species) and F. periodonticum possess a peptidoglycan structure based upon meso-lanthionine (AIo) while others such as F. varium contain a dl-diaminopimelic acid structure (7, 11, 22) . F. mortiferum atypically has a mixture of both diamino acids. The nature of cross-linkage of these peptidoglycan chemotypes is shown in Fig. 1. Recently we have shown that glutamate is both a useful diagnostic marker at the species and generic levels (4, 6, 20) and is utilized as a major source of energy (5, 10) . Three pathways, viz the 2-oxoglutarate , mesaconate and 4-aminobutyrate, were reported for the catabolism of glutamate (3) . The relationship between these pathways of glutamate catabolism and the distribution of peptidoglycan chemotypes is shown in Fig . 2. Thus despite the apparent homogeneity of the genus, it is in need of urgent chemotaxonomic analyses. The type species was recently shown to be heterogeneous by both DNA-DNA hybridization , enzyme electrophoretic patterns and ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121583006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_43
T. Fujisawa, T. Mizutani, H. Iwana, A. Ozaki, T. Oowada, Katsuki Nakamura, T. Mitsuoka
Effects of culture condensate of Bifidobacterium longum (MB) on feed efficiency, organ weights, morphology of intestinal epithelial cells, and fecal microflora were studied. Dietary MB ingestion led to a significant increase in numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. and to a decrease in counts of Staphylococcus spp. There were no differences in organ weight and pathological findings between MB and control groups. Feed efficiency of MB-ingested rats was higher than that of control rats. Height of jejunal epithelial villi in 0.5%and 1.0%-MB-ingested rats, and of ileal epithelial villi in 0.5%-MBingested rats was higher than that of control rats. This study suggests that enhancement of feed efficiency by MB may be attributed to the alteration of the intestinal microflora and to increasing the height of villi in the small intestine.
{"title":"Effects of Culture Condensate of Bifidobacterium longum (MB) on Feed Efficiency, Morphology of Intestinal Epithelial Cells, and Fecal Microflora of Rats","authors":"T. Fujisawa, T. Mizutani, H. Iwana, A. Ozaki, T. Oowada, Katsuki Nakamura, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_43","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of culture condensate of Bifidobacterium longum (MB) on feed efficiency, organ weights, morphology of intestinal epithelial cells, and fecal microflora were studied. Dietary MB ingestion led to a significant increase in numbers of Bifidobacterium spp. and to a decrease in counts of Staphylococcus spp. There were no differences in organ weight and pathological findings between MB and control groups. Feed efficiency of MB-ingested rats was higher than that of control rats. Height of jejunal epithelial villi in 0.5%and 1.0%-MB-ingested rats, and of ileal epithelial villi in 0.5%-MBingested rats was higher than that of control rats. This study suggests that enhancement of feed efficiency by MB may be attributed to the alteration of the intestinal microflora and to increasing the height of villi in the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127605769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_53
K. Endo, M. Kumemura, Katsuki Nakamura, T. Fujisawa, Kunio Suzuki, Benno Yoshimi, T. Mitsuoka
{"title":"Effect of High Cholesterol Diet and Polydextrose Supplementation on the Microflora, Bacterial Enzyme Activity, Putrefactive Products, Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) Profile, Weight, and pH of the Feces in Healthy Volunteers","authors":"K. Endo, M. Kumemura, Katsuki Nakamura, T. Fujisawa, Kunio Suzuki, Benno Yoshimi, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127733477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_69
T. Tomoda, A. Takai
Lactoferrin in feces of healthy individuals was measured by means of latex agglutination method. Lactoferrin titers in 16 out of 31 fecal samples were under 1: 10, and that in 15 were 1: 10 or 1: 20. In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, large numbers of Bifidobacterium were present (more than 1010/g feces) ; conversely, in the feces with low lactoferrin titer, the numbers of Bifidobacterium were significantly lower (108-109/g feces) (p<0.05). In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, small numbers of Candida were present, but among the samples with low lactoferrin titer, some had large numbers and some had small numbers of Candida. It was demonstrated in vitro that lactoferrin accelerated the growth of Bifidobacterium and slightly suppressed the growth of Candida.
{"title":"Relation between Lactoferrin Level and Number of Bifidobacterium or Candida in Feces","authors":"T. Tomoda, A. Takai","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_69","url":null,"abstract":"Lactoferrin in feces of healthy individuals was measured by means of latex agglutination method. Lactoferrin titers in 16 out of 31 fecal samples were under 1: 10, and that in 15 were 1: 10 or 1: 20. In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, large numbers of Bifidobacterium were present (more than 1010/g feces) ; conversely, in the feces with low lactoferrin titer, the numbers of Bifidobacterium were significantly lower (108-109/g feces) (p<0.05). In the feces with high lactoferrin titer, small numbers of Candida were present, but among the samples with low lactoferrin titer, some had large numbers and some had small numbers of Candida. It was demonstrated in vitro that lactoferrin accelerated the growth of Bifidobacterium and slightly suppressed the growth of Candida.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126426003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_1
Y. Morishita
Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of different vitamin mixture contents in a diet on the cecal microflora and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in male ICR mice. Mice fed a vitamin-free diet showed a profound increase in the numbers of enterobacteriaceae and enterococci and a significant increase in bacteroidaceae in the cecum, while they showed no remarkable changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were profoundly reduced by the vitamin-free regimen. Mice on a 0.3% vitamin diet showed significant decreases in enterobacteriaceae and enterococci and a significant increase in bifidobacteria as compared to animals on a 1% vitamin diet (basal) although their body wcight gain was approximately 60% of the animals fed the basal or 2% vitamin diet. SCFAs showed decreased concentrations; in particular butyrate and valerate were significantly reduced in the 0.3% vitamin group compared to the basal group. The 2% vitamin mixture group showed no significant differences from the 1% vitamin group in cecal microflora composition and SCFA concentrations.
{"title":"Effect of Vitamin Restriction on Cecal Microflora and Fermentation in Mice","authors":"Y. Morishita","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of different vitamin mixture contents in a diet on the cecal microflora and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in male ICR mice. Mice fed a vitamin-free diet showed a profound increase in the numbers of enterobacteriaceae and enterococci and a significant increase in bacteroidaceae in the cecum, while they showed no remarkable changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were profoundly reduced by the vitamin-free regimen. Mice on a 0.3% vitamin diet showed significant decreases in enterobacteriaceae and enterococci and a significant increase in bifidobacteria as compared to animals on a 1% vitamin diet (basal) although their body wcight gain was approximately 60% of the animals fed the basal or 2% vitamin diet. SCFAs showed decreased concentrations; in particular butyrate and valerate were significantly reduced in the 0.3% vitamin group compared to the basal group. The 2% vitamin mixture group showed no significant differences from the 1% vitamin group in cecal microflora composition and SCFA concentrations.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"191 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132123714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.4.1_3
S. Namioka
Since the active immunoresponsiveness of neonates, including human babies and animals, is not well developed, passive immunity is acquired from the dam in the form of antibody via the placenta or with sucking colostrum. It is well known that piglets less than four weeks old are immunodeficient (1, 4, 14, 31, 35). The poor immunoresponse of the intestinal mucosa of piglets in this period is responsible for various local infections especially colibacillosis and viral diarrhea despite the presence of a large amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) in colostrum. This immunodeficiency of neonatal piglets seems to be analogous to the human babies' common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with B lymphocyte (10, 16). Though neonatal piglets are immunologically competent and respond to various antigenic stimulation, such as sheep blood cells and actinophage, the uncommitted multipotent immunocompetent cells are dominant (14). Since at this stage, monopotent (monoclonal) immunocompetent cells and memory cells are unable to develop, nor are the plasma cells able to mature, the secondary immune response and the producing ability of Ig are poor (3, 15). In newborn animals, there are very few plasma, cells in the lamina propria of the small intestines, and lymphoid follicles are poorly defined. These findings have also been proved by histological observation (9). In this context, the investigation has been carried out as follows; (1) analysis of immunoresponses in piglets of suckling stage, (2) serum concentration and properties of afetoprotein and serum level of albumin, and (3) influence of immunopotentiator on suckling piglets from the viewpoint of immunoresponse.
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