Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_39
H. Iwana, H. Masuda, T. Fujisawa, Hideki Suzuki, T. Mitsuoka
A new selective medium, galactose (GL) agar, was developed for the enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. in yogurts . This medium contains lithium chloride (0.4 g/1) and galactose (10 g/l) as selective inhibitory agents. The viable counts of bifidobacteria in the commercial yogurts sold in Europe were determined by using GL agar. From five of eight commercial yogurts tested , bifidobacteria were detected in 104-107 per ml, while from the remaining three they were not detected. Five Bifidobacterium strains isolated were identified on carbohydrate fermentation patterns and DNA-DNA homology. Only one strain was classified B. longum and the remaining four strains as B. animalis.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Bifidobacterium spp.in Commercial Yogurts Sold in Europe","authors":"H. Iwana, H. Masuda, T. Fujisawa, Hideki Suzuki, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_39","url":null,"abstract":"A new selective medium, galactose (GL) agar, was developed for the enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. in yogurts . This medium contains lithium chloride (0.4 g/1) and galactose (10 g/l) as selective inhibitory agents. The viable counts of bifidobacteria in the commercial yogurts sold in Europe were determined by using GL agar. From five of eight commercial yogurts tested , bifidobacteria were detected in 104-107 per ml, while from the remaining three they were not detected. Five Bifidobacterium strains isolated were identified on carbohydrate fermentation patterns and DNA-DNA homology. Only one strain was classified B. longum and the remaining four strains as B. animalis.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132459946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_3
F. Petuely
{"title":"Über den Bifidusfaktor Lactulose","authors":"F. Petuely","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.5.1_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132541811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.1.1_55
S. Yamazaki, H. Kamimura, H. Momose, T. Kawashima, K. Ueda
Germ-free ICR mice monoassociated with Bifidobacterium longum (GB mice) lived longer than non-treated germ-free (GF) mice after intragastric or intravenous (i.v.) administration of a high dose of viable E. coli, or i.v. injection of endotoxin. The number of viable E. coli and the endotoxin level in various organs at 24 hr post injection were significantly lower in GB than GF mice . Antilethal activity was not elicited by the feeding of heat-killed B. longum. The antilethal effect was observed 3, but not less than 2, weeks after the association of B. longum. Furthermore, the effect was not observed when GF-athymic nude mice (BALB/c background) were used. After intragastric administration of a sublethal dose, the number of viable E. coli in organs of GB mice decreased to an undetectable level within 7 days, while the organisms were persistently isolated in GF mice. In both groups, many (109 v.c./g) E. coli persisted in the intestine. These results suggest that B . longum organisms monoassociated with GF mice generate systemic resistance to the invading E. coli, and increase the resistance to the lethal activity of endotoxin .
{"title":"Protective Effect of Bifidobacterium-Monoassociation against Lethal Activity of Escherichia coli","authors":"S. Yamazaki, H. Kamimura, H. Momose, T. Kawashima, K. Ueda","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.1.1_55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.1.1_55","url":null,"abstract":"Germ-free ICR mice monoassociated with Bifidobacterium longum (GB mice) lived longer than non-treated germ-free (GF) mice after intragastric or intravenous (i.v.) administration of a high dose of viable E. coli, or i.v. injection of endotoxin. The number of viable E. coli and the endotoxin level in various organs at 24 hr post injection were significantly lower in GB than GF mice . Antilethal activity was not elicited by the feeding of heat-killed B. longum. The antilethal effect was observed 3, but not less than 2, weeks after the association of B. longum. Furthermore, the effect was not observed when GF-athymic nude mice (BALB/c background) were used. After intragastric administration of a sublethal dose, the number of viable E. coli in organs of GB mice decreased to an undetectable level within 7 days, while the organisms were persistently isolated in GF mice. In both groups, many (109 v.c./g) E. coli persisted in the intestine. These results suggest that B . longum organisms monoassociated with GF mice generate systemic resistance to the invading E. coli, and increase the resistance to the lethal activity of endotoxin .","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"5 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_75
R. Mckellar, H. Modler, J. Mullin
A total of 19 species of Bifidobacterium were screened for the ability to grow with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as the carbohydrate source. Several strains of animal origin (B. thermophilum, B. minimum, and B. cuniculi) grew significantly better than strains from human source on inulin (degree of polymerization (DP) •† 15). These strains grew equally well on inulin from several sources, but were unable to metabolize levan, a polymer of ƒÀ(2-6)-D-fructose. Best growth was obtained on FOS preparations containing a significant proportion of low-molecular-weight (DP<5) carbohydrates. Strains which grew best on inulin required the presence of this FOS for maximal induction of the exo-inulinase. These results suggest that animal strains of bifidobacteria may be used in conjunction with short-chain FOS as a supplement to animal feed.
对19种双歧杆菌进行了以低聚果糖(FOS)为碳水化合物源生长的筛选。几种动物源菌株(嗜热芽孢杆菌、最小芽孢杆菌和cuniculi芽孢杆菌)对菊粉的聚合度(DP)•†15)明显优于人源菌株。这些菌株在不同来源的菊粉上生长得同样好，但不能代谢levan，一种ƒÀ(2-6)- d -果糖的聚合物。含有大量低分子量(DP<5)碳水化合物的FOS制剂获得最佳生长。在菊粉上生长最好的菌株需要这种FOS的存在才能最大限度地诱导外链菊粉酶。这些结果表明，动物双歧杆菌菌株可以与短链FOS一起作为动物饲料的补充。
{"title":"Characterization of Growth and Inulinase Production by Bifidobacterium spp. on Fructooligosaccharides","authors":"R. Mckellar, H. Modler, J. Mullin","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.2_75","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 19 species of Bifidobacterium were screened for the ability to grow with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as the carbohydrate source. Several strains of animal origin (B. thermophilum, B. minimum, and B. cuniculi) grew significantly better than strains from human source on inulin (degree of polymerization (DP) •† 15). These strains grew equally well on inulin from several sources, but were unable to metabolize levan, a polymer of ƒÀ(2-6)-D-fructose. Best growth was obtained on FOS preparations containing a significant proportion of low-molecular-weight (DP<5) carbohydrates. Strains which grew best on inulin required the presence of this FOS for maximal induction of the exo-inulinase. These results suggest that animal strains of bifidobacteria may be used in conjunction with short-chain FOS as a supplement to animal feed.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_59
Y. Nio, T. Tobe
Associated with the gut is a broad immune system, and the various tissues which make up this system are termed gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which includes lymph nodes, the appendix, lymphoid nodules , Peyer's patches, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and lamina propria lymphocytes (16) . GALT is thought to play an important role in the immunological surveillance system against micoorganisms or dietary antigens entering the gut . GALT also appears to play an important role in the antitumor immunity of the gut , because natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are widely distributed in the epithelium and lamina propria of the gut. However, the role of GALT against digestive organ cancer is still unclear (1, 6). GALT works independently of systemic lymphoid tissue and has some important characteristics, such as a secretory immunoglobulin system, a homing phenomenon of T and B blasts, and induction of a tolerance to orally administered antigens. The most important phenomenon is that the local immunity of the gut is established by oral immunization, but not by systemic immunization (4, 15) .
{"title":"Antitumor Immunity of Gut and the Role of Oral Immunotherapy in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Digestive Organ Cancer","authors":"Y. Nio, T. Tobe","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_59","url":null,"abstract":"Associated with the gut is a broad immune system, and the various tissues which make up this system are termed gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) which includes lymph nodes, the appendix, lymphoid nodules , Peyer's patches, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and lamina propria lymphocytes (16) . GALT is thought to play an important role in the immunological surveillance system against micoorganisms or dietary antigens entering the gut . GALT also appears to play an important role in the antitumor immunity of the gut , because natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are widely distributed in the epithelium and lamina propria of the gut. However, the role of GALT against digestive organ cancer is still unclear (1, 6). GALT works independently of systemic lymphoid tissue and has some important characteristics, such as a secretory immunoglobulin system, a homing phenomenon of T and B blasts, and induction of a tolerance to orally administered antigens. The most important phenomenon is that the local immunity of the gut is established by oral immunization, but not by systemic immunization (4, 15) .","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124042979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_33
T. Fujisawa, Y. Benno, T. Mitsuoka
The composition of vaginal microflora of forty healthy women whose ages ranged from 20 to 50 years (menstrual cycle: estrogenic phase, 15 persons; luteal phase, 25 persons) was anaerobically and aerobically determined . The total numbers in the vaginal specimens obtained from all the subjects were approximately 109 CFU/g of vaginal secretions. Numbers of anaerobic bacteria in the vaginal specimens were higher than those of aerobic bacteria . Lactobacilli were the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal specimens . The numbers of bacteroides , streptococci, and Gardnerella vaginalis, and incidences of staphylococci and peptostreptococci were increased with aging whereas the numbers of lactobacilli decreased with aging .
{"title":"Effect of Menstrual Cycle and Different Age on Vaginal Microflora of Healthy Women","authors":"T. Fujisawa, Y. Benno, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_33","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of vaginal microflora of forty healthy women whose ages ranged from 20 to 50 years (menstrual cycle: estrogenic phase, 15 persons; luteal phase, 25 persons) was anaerobically and aerobically determined . The total numbers in the vaginal specimens obtained from all the subjects were approximately 109 CFU/g of vaginal secretions. Numbers of anaerobic bacteria in the vaginal specimens were higher than those of aerobic bacteria . Lactobacilli were the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal specimens . The numbers of bacteroides , streptococci, and Gardnerella vaginalis, and incidences of staphylococci and peptostreptococci were increased with aging whereas the numbers of lactobacilli decreased with aging .","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129581379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_1
S. Kamiya, Shinichi Nakamura
Clostridium difficile was isolated in 1935 by Hall and O'Toole (29) from the feces of healthy neonate, and the microorganism was first designated Bacillus difficilis. The 'difficilis' was originated from the difficulty in cultivation of the microorganism. They showed that the microorganism had lethality to rabbit or guinea pig and edema-inducing activity. Later the microorganism was classified as Clostridium difficile in 1938 by Prevot (71) . The pathogenicity of C. difficile to human had not been reported until when association of C. difficile with human pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) was demonstrated in 1978. In 1893, Finney (19) first reported an occurrence of PMC in the patient with peptic ulcer after gastroenterostomy. The number of cases with PMC increased in parallel to an increase of use of antibiotics in the 1970s. Although Staphylococcus aureus was speculated to be a causative agent for PMC, there was no determinative evidence for the hypothesis. In 1977, Larson et al (48) reported that clostridial toxin was causative agent for PMC, and in 1978 toxigenic C. difficile was identified as a cause of PMC by Bartlett et al (3), George et al (23) and Larson et al (49) . The isolation rate of C. difficile from feces of healthy adults was 0-12.8%, and that of the patients with PMC was 80-100% (59) . It is considered that change of intestinal flora by administration of antimicrobial agent and following selection of toxin-producing C. difficile are background for the occurrence of PMC. Virulence factors of C. difficile and its pathogenesis in intestinal infection in man are discussed in this review by indicating not only previous reports in the literature but also our own experimental data.
{"title":"Virulence Factors of Clostridium difficile and Its Pathogenesis in Intestinal Infection in Man","authors":"S. Kamiya, Shinichi Nakamura","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.12.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium difficile was isolated in 1935 by Hall and O'Toole (29) from the feces of healthy neonate, and the microorganism was first designated Bacillus difficilis. The 'difficilis' was originated from the difficulty in cultivation of the microorganism. They showed that the microorganism had lethality to rabbit or guinea pig and edema-inducing activity. Later the microorganism was classified as Clostridium difficile in 1938 by Prevot (71) . The pathogenicity of C. difficile to human had not been reported until when association of C. difficile with human pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) was demonstrated in 1978. In 1893, Finney (19) first reported an occurrence of PMC in the patient with peptic ulcer after gastroenterostomy. The number of cases with PMC increased in parallel to an increase of use of antibiotics in the 1970s. Although Staphylococcus aureus was speculated to be a causative agent for PMC, there was no determinative evidence for the hypothesis. In 1977, Larson et al (48) reported that clostridial toxin was causative agent for PMC, and in 1978 toxigenic C. difficile was identified as a cause of PMC by Bartlett et al (3), George et al (23) and Larson et al (49) . The isolation rate of C. difficile from feces of healthy adults was 0-12.8%, and that of the patients with PMC was 80-100% (59) . It is considered that change of intestinal flora by administration of antimicrobial agent and following selection of toxin-producing C. difficile are background for the occurrence of PMC. Virulence factors of C. difficile and its pathogenesis in intestinal infection in man are discussed in this review by indicating not only previous reports in the literature but also our own experimental data.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129944611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_87
Y. Benno, Shigenari Kukisaki, Tomotari Mitsuok
A device for mechanical dilution and application of specimens and counting microbial colonies was developed. The device consists of a transport apparatus which transports petri dishes from one side of the apparatus to the other in such a way that the plate and lid of petri dishes are entirely separated at a particular stage. A diluting and inoculating system performs 10-fold dilutions of specimens from 10-1 to 10-8 dilutions and inoculation of the diluents. The inoculum is applied to the agar surface of preselected petri plates by an application system. Both a diluting and inoculating system and an application system can be connected to the apparatus. In this way a maximum of 25 agar plates can be handled. This new automatic system for enumeration of colony-forming units by the surface plate method is more accurate and reliable than the customary conventional methods.
{"title":"An Automatic System for Enumeration of Colony-Forming Units by the Surface Plate Method","authors":"Y. Benno, Shigenari Kukisaki, Tomotari Mitsuok","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.2_87","url":null,"abstract":"A device for mechanical dilution and application of specimens and counting microbial colonies was developed. The device consists of a transport apparatus which transports petri dishes from one side of the apparatus to the other in such a way that the plate and lid of petri dishes are entirely separated at a particular stage. A diluting and inoculating system performs 10-fold dilutions of specimens from 10-1 to 10-8 dilutions and inoculation of the diluents. The inoculum is applied to the agar surface of preselected petri plates by an application system. Both a diluting and inoculating system and an application system can be connected to the apparatus. In this way a maximum of 25 agar plates can be handled. This new automatic system for enumeration of colony-forming units by the surface plate method is more accurate and reliable than the customary conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130684896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_131
Mikiro Imamvra, T. Fujisawa, T. Mitsuoka
Six antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria (bif-R) strains were compared with each original strain by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ DNA homology. The bif-R strains had extremely high levels of over 93% homology to each 3H-labeled original strain.
{"title":"The Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Relationships between the Antibiotic-resistant Bifidobacteria and Each Original Strain","authors":"Mikiro Imamvra, T. Fujisawa, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_131","url":null,"abstract":"Six antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria (bif-R) strains were compared with each original strain by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ DNA homology. The bif-R strains had extremely high levels of over 93% homology to each 3H-labeled original strain.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_1
S. Namioka, Takashi Sasaki, Y. Maede
One of the most serious problems in large-scale commercial pig farms is the post weaning diarrhea syndrome in piglets aged 4-6 weeks. It is clear that the major causative agent of the syndrome is an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5, 7, 13, 15, 16). M oreover, it is well known that peptidoglycan , which is derived from the cell wall of gram-positive organisms, is an immunopotentiator; peptidoglycan has been used to treat various kinds of immunodeficiencies , especially in humans (2, 3, 10, 11, 18). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immunological effect of peptidoglycan from Bifidobacterium thermophilum in piglets and see whether an enhancement of the local immune response is obtained or not in weaning piglets aged 5-6 weeks, as well as to investigate changes in the size of the E . coli population in various parts of the small intestine.
{"title":"Immunopotentiation of the Small Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Peptidoglycan Derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum","authors":"S. Namioka, Takashi Sasaki, Y. Maede","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most serious problems in large-scale commercial pig farms is the post weaning diarrhea syndrome in piglets aged 4-6 weeks. It is clear that the major causative agent of the syndrome is an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5, 7, 13, 15, 16). M oreover, it is well known that peptidoglycan , which is derived from the cell wall of gram-positive organisms, is an immunopotentiator; peptidoglycan has been used to treat various kinds of immunodeficiencies , especially in humans (2, 3, 10, 11, 18). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immunological effect of peptidoglycan from Bifidobacterium thermophilum in piglets and see whether an enhancement of the local immune response is obtained or not in weaning piglets aged 5-6 weeks, as well as to investigate changes in the size of the E . coli population in various parts of the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121450861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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