Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_135
Y. Morishita, K. Shiromizu
After the previous administration with N-methyl-N'-nitroN-nitrosoguanidine in drinking water, Wistar rats were fed 25 g/day of yoghurt on 4 days every week or a 20%-lactose-containing purified diet, and the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors in them was compared with that in their counterparts. The yoghurt-fed rats showed a significantly lower incidence of gastric tumors (50%) than the counterpart group (89%). Dietary lactose considerably suppressed the incidence of gastric tumors (10%) compared to the control diet (44%) . These data support the epidemiological view that milk and milk products are protective against human gastric cancer.
{"title":"Suppressive Effect of Feeding Yoghurt or Lactose on N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine-Induced Gastric Tumorigenesis in Rats","authors":"Y. Morishita, K. Shiromizu","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.2_135","url":null,"abstract":"After the previous administration with N-methyl-N'-nitroN-nitrosoguanidine in drinking water, Wistar rats were fed 25 g/day of yoghurt on 4 days every week or a 20%-lactose-containing purified diet, and the incidence of gastrointestinal tumors in them was compared with that in their counterparts. The yoghurt-fed rats showed a significantly lower incidence of gastric tumors (50%) than the counterpart group (89%). Dietary lactose considerably suppressed the incidence of gastric tumors (10%) compared to the control diet (44%) . These data support the epidemiological view that milk and milk products are protective against human gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125167891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_15
H. Noda, M. Ohsugi
Intact cell suspension and/or growing cells of Micrococcus sp . produced a large amount of D-xylonic acid from D-xylose. Utilization of D-xylonic acid by intestinal microorganisms was studied. All 5 species of the genera Bifidobacterium, B. adolescentis M101-4, B. bifidum A234-4, B. breve 153-8, B. infantis I-10-5 and B. longum M101-2, showed good growth on basal medium containing D-xylonic acid. Escherichia coli utilized well Dxylonic acid but not fructooligosaccharide.
{"title":"D-Xylonic Acid Utilization by Bifidobacteria","authors":"H. Noda, M. Ohsugi","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.14.1_15","url":null,"abstract":"Intact cell suspension and/or growing cells of Micrococcus sp . produced a large amount of D-xylonic acid from D-xylose. Utilization of D-xylonic acid by intestinal microorganisms was studied. All 5 species of the genera Bifidobacterium, B. adolescentis M101-4, B. bifidum A234-4, B. breve 153-8, B. infantis I-10-5 and B. longum M101-2, showed good growth on basal medium containing D-xylonic acid. Escherichia coli utilized well Dxylonic acid but not fructooligosaccharide.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133904486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.2.1_3
Z. Tamura
In those days before 1950, when the manufacture of powdered milk was in its early stages, it was widely recognized that breastfeeding was superior to bottle-feeding for new-born babies, because of a lower frequency of sickness (especially gastro-enteritis), better condition of the patient, and furthermore a lower mortality. There have been reported many hypotheses to explain this observation (Table 1) : Breast milk contains anti-bacterial and anti-viral proteins (secretary IgA), macrophages, lymphoid cells and iron-snatching protein (lactoferrin) ; has no alien substances as antigens; provides mental comfort to babies through close physical contact, and so on. Above all, the difference in intestinal microflora has been considered to be a big factor. In the intestines of breast-fed babies bifidobacteria grow well enough to be predominant over other bacteria (bifidus-flora). On the other hand, in the intestines of bottle-fed babies the number of bifidobacteria decreased and other bacteria such as Escherichia coli dominated in turn (Fig. 1) . Therefore the role of bifidobacteria has been of interest to many investigators such as pediatrists, dieticians, chemists and bacteriologists. These hypotheses are reviewed in references (16, 27, 35 and 53) . The investigators have found the biological activities and roles of bifidobacteria as follows (Table 2) : 1. Bifidobacteria produce acetic acid and lactic acid from sugars. These acids lower pH of a medium and have anti-bacterial effect in acidic condition (2, 8), as shown in Fig. 2. The produced acids also inhibit absorption of ammonia and amines through
{"title":"Nutriology of Bifidobacteria","authors":"Z. Tamura","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.2.1_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.2.1_3","url":null,"abstract":"In those days before 1950, when the manufacture of powdered milk was in its early stages, it was widely recognized that breastfeeding was superior to bottle-feeding for new-born babies, because of a lower frequency of sickness (especially gastro-enteritis), better condition of the patient, and furthermore a lower mortality. There have been reported many hypotheses to explain this observation (Table 1) : Breast milk contains anti-bacterial and anti-viral proteins (secretary IgA), macrophages, lymphoid cells and iron-snatching protein (lactoferrin) ; has no alien substances as antigens; provides mental comfort to babies through close physical contact, and so on. Above all, the difference in intestinal microflora has been considered to be a big factor. In the intestines of breast-fed babies bifidobacteria grow well enough to be predominant over other bacteria (bifidus-flora). On the other hand, in the intestines of bottle-fed babies the number of bifidobacteria decreased and other bacteria such as Escherichia coli dominated in turn (Fig. 1) . Therefore the role of bifidobacteria has been of interest to many investigators such as pediatrists, dieticians, chemists and bacteriologists. These hypotheses are reviewed in references (16, 27, 35 and 53) . The investigators have found the biological activities and roles of bifidobacteria as follows (Table 2) : 1. Bifidobacteria produce acetic acid and lactic acid from sugars. These acids lower pH of a medium and have anti-bacterial effect in acidic condition (2, 8), as shown in Fig. 2. The produced acids also inhibit absorption of ammonia and amines through","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_43
S. Tsuyuki, S. Yamazaki, H. Akashiba, H. Kamimura, K. Sekine, T. Toida, M. Saito, T. Kawashima, K. Ueda
A cell wall preparation (whole peptidoglycan, WPG) derived from Bifidobacterium infantis exhibited antitumor activity when WPG and Meth A cells were mixed and injected subcutaneously (suppression test) in flora-bearing (FB) BALB/c mice. This antitumor activity was markedly reduced when the germfree (GF) BALB/c mice were used as a host. Histological examination of the injected site revealed vigorous polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and tumor cell degeneration at day 1 to 3 postimplantation of WPGMeth A mixture in both FB and GF mice, but later on re-appearance of tumor cell mass was seen in many GF but in only a few FB mice. Similar but somewhat weaker suppressive effects of WPG were seen in FB athymic nu/nu mice in which severe PMN infiltration was also developed. Results indicated that the early inflammatory reaction composed mostly of PMN played a role as the major effector mechanisms in the suppression test, and inferior antitumor activity of PMN from GF mice to that from FB mice was implicated. However, since FB euthymic but not FB nu/nu mice showed development of antitumor immunity in re-implantation, involvement of immunological capacity might have played an additional role in the suppression efficiency.
{"title":"Tumor-suppressive effect of a cell wall preparation, WPG, from Bifidobacterium infantis in germfree and flora-bearing mice","authors":"S. Tsuyuki, S. Yamazaki, H. Akashiba, H. Kamimura, K. Sekine, T. Toida, M. Saito, T. Kawashima, K. Ueda","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.1_43","url":null,"abstract":"A cell wall preparation (whole peptidoglycan, WPG) derived from Bifidobacterium infantis exhibited antitumor activity when WPG and Meth A cells were mixed and injected subcutaneously (suppression test) in flora-bearing (FB) BALB/c mice. This antitumor activity was markedly reduced when the germfree (GF) BALB/c mice were used as a host. Histological examination of the injected site revealed vigorous polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and tumor cell degeneration at day 1 to 3 postimplantation of WPGMeth A mixture in both FB and GF mice, but later on re-appearance of tumor cell mass was seen in many GF but in only a few FB mice. Similar but somewhat weaker suppressive effects of WPG were seen in FB athymic nu/nu mice in which severe PMN infiltration was also developed. Results indicated that the early inflammatory reaction composed mostly of PMN played a role as the major effector mechanisms in the suppression test, and inferior antitumor activity of PMN from GF mice to that from FB mice was implicated. However, since FB euthymic but not FB nu/nu mice showed development of antitumor immunity in re-implantation, involvement of immunological capacity might have played an additional role in the suppression efficiency.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114272461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.13.1_17
S. M. Rose, H. Modler, R. Mckellar
The viability of freeze-dried cells of bifidobacteria (B. thermophilum ATCC 25525) in broiler starter rations was monitored at different storage temperatures during a twelve-week period. A total of five treatments (control plus four bifidogenic factors), at low (1.55% moisture, aw< 0.4) and high water activity (10.52% moisture, aw = 0.64) were included in the study. Results indicated that lower moisture and water activity enhances the survival of bifidobacteria when incorporated into feeds. Refrigeration temperatures (5•Ž and 18•Ž) also increase the survival of bifidobacteria in rations stored for up to twelve weeks. Bifidogenic factors, when included in the feeds, had a limited protective effect on bacterial survival. The use of probiotics, containing bifidobacteria, is an area that needs to be closely evaluated before they can be added to animal rations under commercial condi-
{"title":"Bifidobacteria in Broiler Starter Rations: Factors Affecting Survival","authors":"S. M. Rose, H. Modler, R. Mckellar","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.13.1_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.13.1_17","url":null,"abstract":"The viability of freeze-dried cells of bifidobacteria (B. thermophilum ATCC 25525) in broiler starter rations was monitored at different storage temperatures during a twelve-week period. A total of five treatments (control plus four bifidogenic factors), at low (1.55% moisture, aw< 0.4) and high water activity (10.52% moisture, aw = 0.64) were included in the study. Results indicated that lower moisture and water activity enhances the survival of bifidobacteria when incorporated into feeds. Refrigeration temperatures (5•Ž and 18•Ž) also increase the survival of bifidobacteria in rations stored for up to twelve weeks. Bifidogenic factors, when included in the feeds, had a limited protective effect on bacterial survival. The use of probiotics, containing bifidobacteria, is an area that needs to be closely evaluated before they can be added to animal rations under commercial condi-","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114719206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.2_33
M. Mutai, R. Tanaka
In this review, we present the evidence for the establishment and the succession of Bifidobacterium flora in the human intestine and suggest that the number of the Bifidobacterium is the potential marker of the stability of human intestinal flora. The significance of Bifidobacterium with regard to colonization resistance is dicussed .
{"title":"Ecology of Bifidobacterium in the Human Intestinal Flora","authors":"M. Mutai, R. Tanaka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.2_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.6.2_33","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we present the evidence for the establishment and the succession of Bifidobacterium flora in the human intestine and suggest that the number of the Bifidobacterium is the potential marker of the stability of human intestinal flora. The significance of Bifidobacterium with regard to colonization resistance is dicussed .","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":" 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113949279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_9
K. Kobashi, T. Akao, M. Hattori, T. Namba
Food and drugs orally administered come inevitably in contact with intestinal bacterial flora in gut. The components in food and drugs are digested in the gut and absorbed from the alimentary tract via portal vein and then metabolized or detoxicated in the liver. Thereafter a part of metabolites are excreted into intestine via bile duct and meet again intestinal bacteria. Not only exogeneous substances but also endogenous ones once excreted in the bile come in contact with intestinal bacterial flora. Drugs administered intravenously, intramuscularly or intracutaneously also have chance to meet with intestinal bacteria when once excreted in the bile. Therefore, microflora in the gastrointestinal flora play significant roles in the enterohepatic circulation of drugs and food components. Accordingly, studies on the metabolism of drugs with intestinal microflora are important for research and development of medicines. However, such metabolic studies are very seldom, compared with the studies with liver, kidney, lung and other organs, because of huge numbers and species of anaerobic bacteria and for lack of biochemical studies on anaerobes. Intestinal bacterial flora are an environmental large factor in the body and almost equal to liver in weight and function, though their activities are mostly unknown. Recently, isolation, cultivation and identification techniques of intestinal bacteria from humans and experimental animals have been established. Therefore, metabolisms of food components and drugs with intestinal bacteria are able to be undertaken, based on biochemical and molecular biological backgrounds.
{"title":"Metabolism of Drugs by Intestinal Bacteria","authors":"K. Kobashi, T. Akao, M. Hattori, T. Namba","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.11.1_9","url":null,"abstract":"Food and drugs orally administered come inevitably in contact with intestinal bacterial flora in gut. The components in food and drugs are digested in the gut and absorbed from the alimentary tract via portal vein and then metabolized or detoxicated in the liver. Thereafter a part of metabolites are excreted into intestine via bile duct and meet again intestinal bacteria. Not only exogeneous substances but also endogenous ones once excreted in the bile come in contact with intestinal bacterial flora. Drugs administered intravenously, intramuscularly or intracutaneously also have chance to meet with intestinal bacteria when once excreted in the bile. Therefore, microflora in the gastrointestinal flora play significant roles in the enterohepatic circulation of drugs and food components. Accordingly, studies on the metabolism of drugs with intestinal microflora are important for research and development of medicines. However, such metabolic studies are very seldom, compared with the studies with liver, kidney, lung and other organs, because of huge numbers and species of anaerobic bacteria and for lack of biochemical studies on anaerobes. Intestinal bacterial flora are an environmental large factor in the body and almost equal to liver in weight and function, though their activities are mostly unknown. Recently, isolation, cultivation and identification techniques of intestinal bacteria from humans and experimental animals have been established. Therefore, metabolisms of food components and drugs with intestinal bacteria are able to be undertaken, based on biochemical and molecular biological backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123887754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_27
E. Isogai, S. Ohno, K. Takeshi, K. Yoshikawa, T. Tsurumizu, H. Isogai, K. Yokota, S. Kotake, Y. Sasamoto, Hashimoto Takashi, Harumi Shimizu, H. Matsuda, N. Fujii, M. Yamaguchi, K. Oguma
This is a description of the role of Streptococcus sanguis in the oral flora of patients with Behcet's disease (BD) in contrast to the flora of healthy controls. The proportion of S. sanguis in the flora of patients with BD was always higher than that of healthy and disease controls. The types of S. sanguis in the oral flora of the BD patients were uncommon ones. Agglutinating antibody titers againstisolated strains of S. sanguis were higher in BD patients than in controls. When S. sanguis antigens were used in skin reaction, the erythema of skin in BD patients was greater than that in healthy controls. It is proposed that uncommon serotypes of S. sanguis may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
{"title":"Close Association of Streptococcus sanguis Uncommon Serotypes with Behcet's Disease","authors":"E. Isogai, S. Ohno, K. Takeshi, K. Yoshikawa, T. Tsurumizu, H. Isogai, K. Yokota, S. Kotake, Y. Sasamoto, Hashimoto Takashi, Harumi Shimizu, H. Matsuda, N. Fujii, M. Yamaguchi, K. Oguma","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.9.1_27","url":null,"abstract":"This is a description of the role of Streptococcus sanguis in the oral flora of patients with Behcet's disease (BD) in contrast to the flora of healthy controls. The proportion of S. sanguis in the flora of patients with BD was always higher than that of healthy and disease controls. The types of S. sanguis in the oral flora of the BD patients were uncommon ones. Agglutinating antibody titers againstisolated strains of S. sanguis were higher in BD patients than in controls. When S. sanguis antigens were used in skin reaction, the erythema of skin in BD patients was greater than that in healthy controls. It is proposed that uncommon serotypes of S. sanguis may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122142386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_123
T. Tomoda, Y. Nakano, T. Kageyama
Three types of yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacterium alone, lactulose alone, or both Bifidobacterium and lactulose were fed to healthy persons, who were tested before and after administration. Plain yogurt was fed during a control period. Yogurt containing both Bifidobacterium and lactulose resulted in greater improvement in the form and frequency of feces than the other yogurts. No differences were noted in blood chemistry test results before and after the administration of each type of yogurt. There were no side effects of yogurt administration. The number of Bifidobacterium in the feces increased after the administration of yogurt containing Bifidobacterium and/or lactulose, but there were no differences among the three test yogurts. Not only the administered Bifidobacterium species but also the original Bifidobacterium species was increased by eating Bifidobacterium and lactulose-containing yogurt, but the administered Bifidobacterium species was not increased more than the dominant original species. The ammonia content in the feces decreased more after the administration of Bifidobacteriumand/or lactulose-containing yogurt than after that of plain yogurt but there were no differences among the three test yogurts.
{"title":"Effect of Yogurt and Yogurt Supplemented with Bifidobacterium and/or Lactulose in Healthy Persons: A Comparative Study","authors":"T. Tomoda, Y. Nakano, T. Kageyama","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.10.2_123","url":null,"abstract":"Three types of yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacterium alone, lactulose alone, or both Bifidobacterium and lactulose were fed to healthy persons, who were tested before and after administration. Plain yogurt was fed during a control period. Yogurt containing both Bifidobacterium and lactulose resulted in greater improvement in the form and frequency of feces than the other yogurts. No differences were noted in blood chemistry test results before and after the administration of each type of yogurt. There were no side effects of yogurt administration. The number of Bifidobacterium in the feces increased after the administration of yogurt containing Bifidobacterium and/or lactulose, but there were no differences among the three test yogurts. Not only the administered Bifidobacterium species but also the original Bifidobacterium species was increased by eating Bifidobacterium and lactulose-containing yogurt, but the administered Bifidobacterium species was not increased more than the dominant original species. The ammonia content in the feces decreased more after the administration of Bifidobacteriumand/or lactulose-containing yogurt than after that of plain yogurt but there were no differences among the three test yogurts.","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"20 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121011340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_23
Kunio Suzuki, Y. Kodama, T. Mitsuoka
Selye (18) proposed the following hypothesis : an organism activates its ACTHcorticoid defensive reaction between the pituitary and adrenal gland against a variety of stressors. With the above reaction, the organism builds up a resistance to the stress but simultaneously triggers a series of nonspecific processes e.g. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland, degeneration of the thymus and lymphatic system, ulceration of the stomach and duodenum, and reduction in the body weight. These are collectively referred to as the "general adaptation syndrome." "Stressor," defined as any source of stress, includes biological stressors (fatigue, inanition, bacteria, etc.), physical stressors (cold, heat, drafts, radiation, etc.), chemical stressors (chemicals, toxins, etc.), mental and social stressors (tension, anxiety, crowding, noise, etc.), and other stressors. The hormones secreted as a result of stress, however, are not only ACTH-corticoid but also (ƒÀ-endorphin, ƒÀ-lipotropin,
{"title":"Stress and Intestinal Flora","authors":"Kunio Suzuki, Y. Kodama, T. Mitsuoka","doi":"10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/BIFIDUS1982.8.1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Selye (18) proposed the following hypothesis : an organism activates its ACTHcorticoid defensive reaction between the pituitary and adrenal gland against a variety of stressors. With the above reaction, the organism builds up a resistance to the stress but simultaneously triggers a series of nonspecific processes e.g. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland, degeneration of the thymus and lymphatic system, ulceration of the stomach and duodenum, and reduction in the body weight. These are collectively referred to as the \"general adaptation syndrome.\" \"Stressor,\" defined as any source of stress, includes biological stressors (fatigue, inanition, bacteria, etc.), physical stressors (cold, heat, drafts, radiation, etc.), chemical stressors (chemicals, toxins, etc.), mental and social stressors (tension, anxiety, crowding, noise, etc.), and other stressors. The hormones secreted as a result of stress, however, are not only ACTH-corticoid but also (ƒÀ-endorphin, ƒÀ-lipotropin,","PeriodicalId":414713,"journal":{"name":"Bifidobacteria and Microflora","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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