Purpose of the study: The present study aims to show Michel Foucault's concept of power in the selected novel Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan (1956), and the theory of power is applied in a way that how power is present in the character Juggut Singh. Methodology: The present research is qualitative in its approach, exploratory in nature, and close reading textual analysis is used to interpret the data. Main Findings: The interpretation of the components of Power by Michel Foucault in Khushwant Singh's novel Train to Pakistan (1956) has been focused that resulted in the hidden and invisible form of power is experienced without knowing the power, but it dominates the individual's behaviour and hidden attitude. So, such a form of power is constructed in the child's character through social norms and discourses at the very start of his life. Applications of the study: The paper helps to identify in future studies how Michel Foucault's concept of power in other literary genres and how power is applied in different ways and operated in the contexts of literary genres. Novelty/Originality of the study: The study is based on the novelty of the idea based on power theory. If the child is not stealing or not doing something wrong, then it does not mean that he has a fear of punishment, but he would not want to steal because this thing is inside his psyche. That's why he is unwilling to steal because his inside power is not allowing him to do so. Therefore, the research identifies Michel Foucault's concept of power in the selected novel of Khushwant Singh Train to Pakistan (1956).
{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF MICHEL FOUCAULT'S THEORY OF POWER IN KHUSHWANT SINGH'S NOVEL TRAIN TO PAKISTAN","authors":"A. Aurangzaib, W. Hassan, Asif Kamran, M. Sajjad","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9273","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The present study aims to show Michel Foucault's concept of power in the selected novel Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan (1956), and the theory of power is applied in a way that how power is present in the character Juggut Singh. \u0000Methodology: The present research is qualitative in its approach, exploratory in nature, and close reading textual analysis is used to interpret the data. \u0000Main Findings: The interpretation of the components of Power by Michel Foucault in Khushwant Singh's novel Train to Pakistan (1956) has been focused that resulted in the hidden and invisible form of power is experienced without knowing the power, but it dominates the individual's behaviour and hidden attitude. So, such a form of power is constructed in the child's character through social norms and discourses at the very start of his life. \u0000Applications of the study: The paper helps to identify in future studies how Michel Foucault's concept of power in other literary genres and how power is applied in different ways and operated in the contexts of literary genres. \u0000Novelty/Originality of the study: The study is based on the novelty of the idea based on power theory. If the child is not stealing or not doing something wrong, then it does not mean that he has a fear of punishment, but he would not want to steal because this thing is inside his psyche. That's why he is unwilling to steal because his inside power is not allowing him to do so. Therefore, the research identifies Michel Foucault's concept of power in the selected novel of Khushwant Singh Train to Pakistan (1956).","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the Study: The discourse aims to diagnose the causes of genocidal conflict between Pashtuns and Hazaras. It also aims to analyze the power exercised by the Pashtuns who have subjugated and marginalized the Hazaras since the 1221 century. Methodology: The theoretical framework employed in the study is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 2001). Fairclough’s three-dimensional model is implemented to reflect the nature of social practices which comprises an understanding of discourse as a text (micro-level) discourse practice (Meso-level) and socio-cultural practice (macro-level). Main Findings: The result of the study shows that Hazaras became the victim of the Genocidal conflict owing to their prior historical battle fought Between Khawarzamis (ancestors of Pashtuns) and Mongols (ancestor of Hazaras) in 1221CE. In the war Mongols loathed Khawazamis as a result it adopted the shape of a genocidal conflict. With passing years, it coloured in many ways such as in the shape of cultural, socioeconomic, and religiopolitical conflicts, which in turn marginalized, subalternate, Othered, and killed thousands of Hazaras, and the conflict is still unstoppable. Application of this Study: Since different books, websites, as well as the novel The Kite Runner, have been critically examined for a better understanding of the concept of genocidal conflict which is very helpful to understand the stance of genocidal conflict and the factors that prompt genocidal conflict. It can be helpful in sociology in political studies for power balance in society.
{"title":"THE ECHOES OF GENOCIDAL CONFLICTS IN THE KITE RUNNER BY KHALED HUSSEINI","authors":"Saood Khan, Sidra Amina, Marya Sarwar, Sayed Mujeeb Ullah Shah, Afaqullah Khan","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9264","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the Study: The discourse aims to diagnose the causes of genocidal conflict between Pashtuns and Hazaras. It also aims to analyze the power exercised by the Pashtuns who have subjugated and marginalized the Hazaras since the 1221 century. \u0000Methodology: The theoretical framework employed in the study is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 2001). Fairclough’s three-dimensional model is implemented to reflect the nature of social practices which comprises an understanding of discourse as a text (micro-level) discourse practice (Meso-level) and socio-cultural practice (macro-level). \u0000Main Findings: The result of the study shows that Hazaras became the victim of the Genocidal conflict owing to their prior historical battle fought Between Khawarzamis (ancestors of Pashtuns) and Mongols (ancestor of Hazaras) in 1221CE. In the war Mongols loathed Khawazamis as a result it adopted the shape of a genocidal conflict. With passing years, it coloured in many ways such as in the shape of cultural, socioeconomic, and religiopolitical conflicts, which in turn marginalized, subalternate, Othered, and killed thousands of Hazaras, and the conflict is still unstoppable. \u0000Application of this Study: Since different books, websites, as well as the novel The Kite Runner, have been critically examined for a better understanding of the concept of genocidal conflict which is very helpful to understand the stance of genocidal conflict and the factors that prompt genocidal conflict. It can be helpful in sociology in political studies for power balance in society.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134093834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: This study investigates the stock pricing of financially constrained (FC) firms in Pakistan for the period of 20 years (2000 to 2019). The researcher uses accounting information (financial ratios of the firms) to categorize Pakistani firms as the most and least financially constrained firms. Further, it examines how the Asset Pricing models perform with the risk-adjusted portfolio of the stock returns sorted based on financial constraints. Methodology: Using the financial constraint proxies/ leverage ratios (Total Debt to Market Value(TDMV), Total Debt to Common Equity (TDC), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) and the asset pricing models of Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and the three-factor and the five-factor model of Fama and French (1993, 1996), the returns of all the non-financial firms listed in PSX were sorted as the most and the least financially constraint firms and then their risk-adjusted portfolios were analyzed through Excel, Eviews and STATA. Main Findings: Positive results (e.g. higher returns) are observed when the capital structure of the FC firms is heavy with debt as compared to unconstrained firms on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The time series outcome showed that risk-adjusted returns of most FC firms give an extra premium to investors in the PSX when the leverage ratios are used as proxies of financial constraints. Applications of the study: This study can be used to make an augmented model of asset pricing specifically for emerging and frontier markets by taking the FC factor as one of the main contributing risk factors to predict returns in the equity market. Novelty/Originality of the study: The devised methodology also results in a more refined and accurate quality of analyses and findings and more comprehensive and sound knowledge of asset pricing as compare to previously conducted studies in PSX.
{"title":"FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS: A MYTH OR REALITY? AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE","authors":"Musarrat Karamat, S. Salahuddin, A. Javaid","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9261","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: This study investigates the stock pricing of financially constrained (FC) firms in Pakistan for the period of 20 years (2000 to 2019). The researcher uses accounting information (financial ratios of the firms) to categorize Pakistani firms as the most and least financially constrained firms. Further, it examines how the Asset Pricing models perform with the risk-adjusted portfolio of the stock returns sorted based on financial constraints. \u0000Methodology: Using the financial constraint proxies/ leverage ratios (Total Debt to Market Value(TDMV), Total Debt to Common Equity (TDC), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) and the asset pricing models of Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and the three-factor and the five-factor model of Fama and French (1993, 1996), the returns of all the non-financial firms listed in PSX were sorted as the most and the least financially constraint firms and then their risk-adjusted portfolios were analyzed through Excel, Eviews and STATA. \u0000Main Findings: Positive results (e.g. higher returns) are observed when the capital structure of the FC firms is heavy with debt as compared to unconstrained firms on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The time series outcome showed that risk-adjusted returns of most FC firms give an extra premium to investors in the PSX when the leverage ratios are used as proxies of financial constraints. \u0000Applications of the study: This study can be used to make an augmented model of asset pricing specifically for emerging and frontier markets by taking the FC factor as one of the main contributing risk factors to predict returns in the equity market. \u0000Novelty/Originality of the study: The devised methodology also results in a more refined and accurate quality of analyses and findings and more comprehensive and sound knowledge of asset pricing as compare to previously conducted studies in PSX.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"39 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siraj Bashir, Mahreen Siddiqui, M. Muneera, Tahira Naudhani, Shakir Ali
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to investigate the socioeconomic and psychological variables, health conditions, social contacts, and living conditions of relapsed drug users. Methodology: A total of 100 participants were chosen for this study using purposive sampling and the snowball sampling approach of non-probability selection, and the data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches. For frequency and percentage data analysis, the quantitative approach was utilized, and the data were analyzed using chi-square. Main Findings: According to the study, the majority of relapsed drug addicts face socioeconomic and psychological obstacles in their lives since becoming relapsed drug addicts, as well as mental illnesses such as stress. Their family members, friends, and neighbors have a negative attitude toward them. According to this study, the increased risk of drug addiction in society is caused by a lack of understanding about drug usage and its effects. Applications of the study: This study will assist governments in taking harsh actions against drug traffickers and allowing the rule of law to be enforced by expanding police work. Novelty/Originality of the study: The study suggestions will raise awareness of the dangers and psychological effects of drug use to understand and prevent the consequences of their use.
{"title":"A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RELAPSE DRUG ADDICTS IN BALOCHISTAN","authors":"Siraj Bashir, Mahreen Siddiqui, M. Muneera, Tahira Naudhani, Shakir Ali","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9115","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to investigate the socioeconomic and psychological variables, health conditions, social contacts, and living conditions of relapsed drug users. \u0000Methodology: A total of 100 participants were chosen for this study using purposive sampling and the snowball sampling approach of non-probability selection, and the data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches. For frequency and percentage data analysis, the quantitative approach was utilized, and the data were analyzed using chi-square. \u0000Main Findings: According to the study, the majority of relapsed drug addicts face socioeconomic and psychological obstacles in their lives since becoming relapsed drug addicts, as well as mental illnesses such as stress. Their family members, friends, and neighbors have a negative attitude toward them. According to this study, the increased risk of drug addiction in society is caused by a lack of understanding about drug usage and its effects. \u0000Applications of the study: This study will assist governments in taking harsh actions against drug traffickers and allowing the rule of law to be enforced by expanding police work. \u0000Novelty/Originality of the study: The study suggestions will raise awareness of the dangers and psychological effects of drug use to understand and prevent the consequences of their use.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summar Iqbal Babar Babar, M. N. Mirza, I. H. Qaisrani
Purpose of the study: The Iranian Nuclear ambition is an issue that tends to disturb the strategic balance and therefore the peace in the world’s most important geopolitical and geostrategic region; the Middle East.This study intends to explore the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the agreement signed to reign the Iranian nuclear ambitions. Methodology: This is exploratory qualitative research. It utilises the embedded case study method in which the said phenomenon is explored at different levels of analysis. Main Findings: Though there existed different types of perceptions vis-à-vis JCPOA, commonly known as the Iranian nuclear deal, yet the withdrawal of the US from it under the Trump administration gave Iran a rationale to further pursue its nuclear ambitions. So, the US withdrawal from the deal has enhanced the threat perceptions for global and regional security. Applications of this study: The study targets the students, scholars, and policy practitioners of Middle Eastern studies. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty is the use ofan embedded case study method to explore the impact of the JCPOA and US withdrawal from it, at different levels of analysis.
{"title":"JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION (JCPOA): PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE GLOBAL SECURITY","authors":"Summar Iqbal Babar Babar, M. N. Mirza, I. H. Qaisrani","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The Iranian Nuclear ambition is an issue that tends to disturb the strategic balance and therefore the peace in the world’s most important geopolitical and geostrategic region; the Middle East.This study intends to explore the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the agreement signed to reign the Iranian nuclear ambitions. \u0000Methodology: This is exploratory qualitative research. It utilises the embedded case study method in which the said phenomenon is explored at different levels of analysis. \u0000Main Findings: Though there existed different types of perceptions vis-à-vis JCPOA, commonly known as the Iranian nuclear deal, yet the withdrawal of the US from it under the Trump administration gave Iran a rationale to further pursue its nuclear ambitions. So, the US withdrawal from the deal has enhanced the threat perceptions for global and regional security. \u0000Applications of this study: The study targets the students, scholars, and policy practitioners of Middle Eastern studies. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty is the use ofan embedded case study method to explore the impact of the JCPOA and US withdrawal from it, at different levels of analysis.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117206670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wahida Anjum, Sarfraz Mahmood, Zainab Qazi, Ghulam Ishaq, Abdul Qadeer
Purpose: Postgraduate medical students or residents are candidates who gain rigorous specialized training in any field of medical science. The study attempted to explain how work-life fit and perceived social support minimize burnout in public hospital general surgery units. Method: Explanatory, cross-sectional, and quantitative research methods were employed. A questionnaire was administered to 120 respondents using purposive sampling. Besides reliability and validity testing, inferential statistics were used to evaluate data and test hypotheses. Principal Findings: Work-life fit and perceived social supports affect emotional tiredness in responders. However, perceived social support and emotional weariness outweigh work-family balance and emotional exhaustion. Burnout is predicted by the number of children, gender, work-life balance, work-life interference, and personal life interference. Implications: The current study helps us understand the process that affects the professional efficacy of medical professionals. Despite their high cognitive capacity, they were victims of depersonalization, emotional tiredness, and burnout. Therefore, it is crucial to successfully address surgeon burnout to enhance patient care. Novelty: The study has novel findings for exploring the link between work-life balance, social support, and burnout in the cultural settings of Pakistan. It was not comprehensively investigated in our traditional healthcare system which is lacking in internal and external rewards therefore a complete investigation of the matter is required. Thus, these findings will enrich scientific understanding to further study these topics.
{"title":"BURNOUT AMONG RESIDENTS OF GENERAL SURGERY: WORK-LIFE BALANCE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND BURNOUT AMONG RESIDENTS OF GENERAL SURGERY","authors":"Wahida Anjum, Sarfraz Mahmood, Zainab Qazi, Ghulam Ishaq, Abdul Qadeer","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9114","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Postgraduate medical students or residents are candidates who gain rigorous specialized training in any field of medical science. The study attempted to explain how work-life fit and perceived social support minimize burnout in public hospital general surgery units. \u0000Method: Explanatory, cross-sectional, and quantitative research methods were employed. A questionnaire was administered to 120 respondents using purposive sampling. Besides reliability and validity testing, inferential statistics were used to evaluate data and test hypotheses. \u0000Principal Findings: Work-life fit and perceived social supports affect emotional tiredness in responders. However, perceived social support and emotional weariness outweigh work-family balance and emotional exhaustion. Burnout is predicted by the number of children, gender, work-life balance, work-life interference, and personal life interference. \u0000Implications: The current study helps us understand the process that affects the professional efficacy of medical professionals. Despite their high cognitive capacity, they were victims of depersonalization, emotional tiredness, and burnout. Therefore, it is crucial to successfully address surgeon burnout to enhance patient care. \u0000Novelty: The study has novel findings for exploring the link between work-life balance, social support, and burnout in the cultural settings of Pakistan. It was not comprehensively investigated in our traditional healthcare system which is lacking in internal and external rewards therefore a complete investigation of the matter is required. Thus, these findings will enrich scientific understanding to further study these topics.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130683118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: This study aims to highlight the importance of travelogue and Poetry. Methodology: The article explains the travelogue and poetry with the help of multiple references applying analytical research methodology. Main Findings: To get closer to any work of art means to be better reflected in life, as a result of which its greatness is acknowledged as well. If Ghalib was bent on giving his whole diwan for one verse of Momin, it was because of the vast study of the Momin. In any genre of literature, deep observation is of fundamental importance. Without deep observation, no piece of literature can be accepted. Today, the rise of the Azad Nazm and travelogue in poetry is also because the writers of these genres have seen the world around them with their open eyes by realizing every scenario with its components. Efforts have been made after examining life to draw intellectual conclusions from it.
{"title":"TRAVELOGUE AND CREATIVE EASY SPARKLINGS","authors":"Farhat Jabeein Virk, Zulfiqar Ali, Fareeha Nighat","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9112","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: This study aims to highlight the importance of travelogue and Poetry. \u0000Methodology: The article explains the travelogue and poetry with the help of multiple references applying analytical research methodology. \u0000Main Findings: To get closer to any work of art means to be better reflected in life, as a result of which its greatness is acknowledged as well. If Ghalib was bent on giving his whole diwan for one verse of Momin, it was because of the vast study of the Momin. In any genre of literature, deep observation is of fundamental importance. Without deep observation, no piece of literature can be accepted. Today, the rise of the Azad Nazm and travelogue in poetry is also because the writers of these genres have seen the world around them with their open eyes by realizing every scenario with its components. Efforts have been made after examining life to draw intellectual conclusions from it.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122244026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Iqbal, Muhammad Waris, Asia Saif Alvi, Asifa Tariq, Humaira Jabeen
Purpose of the study: The article analyzes the participation of women in the legislative business of the Senate of Pakistan during 2015-18. It explores the political behavior of Pakistan in the context of women and the role of women in politics. This article witnesses an analysis of the Senate’s work during 2015-2018 in the context of women. Methodology: The assessment of bills, resolutions, privilege motions, questions, call of attention notices, and adjournment motions are analyzed for a deep understanding of the role of women in the Senate. To draw a rational conclusion, the analytical, qualitative and quantitive method is used for the analysis of this study. Main Findings: This study draws a conclusion that the Senate of Pakistan had not as many women Senators as it needs; however, the women’s participation during this span identified that the number of members does not matter if the present women participate well in the institution. It was also drawn in this study that charismatic leadership also provides ways to all participants without any discrimination. Applications of the study: The law-making institutions needs the participation of both male and female by their population ratio in the country while the Senate of Pakistan did not have such several women legislators. It is recommended to increase the number of women in the legislature. This study will be useful for legislative bodies, students of politics, and Parliamentary studies. Novelty/Originality of the study: The study has an edge over other studies in the sense that the legislative business of the Senate of Pakistan had not been addressed in this way. The period of the study had uniqueness because it witnessed a large number of women legislators. This study will make able to understand the importance of women legislators in the legislative bodies.
{"title":"WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS OF THE SENATE OF PAKISTAN (2015-2018): A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Hamid Iqbal, Muhammad Waris, Asia Saif Alvi, Asifa Tariq, Humaira Jabeen","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2021.9116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9116","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: The article analyzes the participation of women in the legislative business of the Senate of Pakistan during 2015-18. It explores the political behavior of Pakistan in the context of women and the role of women in politics. This article witnesses an analysis of the Senate’s work during 2015-2018 in the context of women. \u0000Methodology: The assessment of bills, resolutions, privilege motions, questions, call of attention notices, and adjournment motions are analyzed for a deep understanding of the role of women in the Senate. To draw a rational conclusion, the analytical, qualitative and quantitive method is used for the analysis of this study. \u0000Main Findings: This study draws a conclusion that the Senate of Pakistan had not as many women Senators as it needs; however, the women’s participation during this span identified that the number of members does not matter if the present women participate well in the institution. It was also drawn in this study that charismatic leadership also provides ways to all participants without any discrimination. \u0000Applications of the study: The law-making institutions needs the participation of both male and female by their population ratio in the country while the Senate of Pakistan did not have such several women legislators. It is recommended to increase the number of women in the legislature. This study will be useful for legislative bodies, students of politics, and Parliamentary studies. \u0000Novelty/Originality of the study: The study has an edge over other studies in the sense that the legislative business of the Senate of Pakistan had not been addressed in this way. The period of the study had uniqueness because it witnessed a large number of women legislators. This study will make able to understand the importance of women legislators in the legislative bodies.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131958097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: This research explores Anita Desai’s Voices in the City from the cultural ambivalence and cultural imperialism aspects. Anita Desai’s Voices in the City (1964) is about the story of an archetypal Indian protagonist Nirode and his family. Methodology: This research is qualitative. Theories presented by Homi K. Bhabha and K. R. Lyenger support this research study as a major theoretical framework. This research is based on textual analysis.It discusses the issues of the remains of colonization and the impact of British imperialism during the transitional phase of the socio-cultural and socio-political situation of Indian society that reflects the ambivalent identity of the protagonist and other characters as well. Main Findings: Nirode is a colonial subject who distinctly observes the city of Calcutta and tends to escape from such cultural tendencies of modern Indian cultures and British cultures which causes his identity ambivalent. Nirode’s position as a victim and resistant to both cultures, his subject is determined amidst the socio-cultural, socio-economic, and socio-political power relations played by both British and Indian institutional cultural values and practices of the transitional phase of Indian society that creates ambivalent identity in the life of the protagonist and other characters which happens around the city of Calcutta. Applications of the study: The research is a contribution to the existing theories on one hand and an explanation and impact of the cultural ambivalence and cultural imperialism on Indian literature and society as depicted in the novel. Novelty/Originality of the study: This research is novel as it investigates socio-cultural, socio-economic, and socio-political power relations played by both British and Indian institutional cultural values and practices of the transitional phase of Indian society that creates ambivalent identity in the life of the protagonist and other characters which happens around the city of Calcutta. The theoretical framework is taken from two different theories in order to draw more argumentative discussion.
研究目的:本研究从文化矛盾心理和文化帝国主义两个方面探讨安妮塔·德赛的《城市之声》。安妮塔·德赛的《城市之声》(1964)讲述了一个典型的印度主人公尼洛德和他的家人的故事。方法:本研究为定性研究。Homi K. Bhabha和K. R. Lyenger提出的理论为本研究提供了主要的理论框架。本研究基于文本分析。它讨论了殖民遗迹和英帝国主义在印度社会文化和社会政治形势过渡阶段的影响问题，反映了主人公和其他人物的矛盾身份。主要发现:Nirode是一个殖民主体，他鲜明地观察着加尔各答这座城市，并倾向于逃避现代印度文化和英国文化的这种文化倾向，这导致了他的身份矛盾。Nirode作为受害者的地位和对两种文化的抵抗，他的主题是在社会文化，社会经济和社会政治权力关系中决定的，这是由英国和印度的制度文化价值观和印度社会过渡阶段的实践所决定的，这在主人公和其他人物的生活中产生了矛盾的身份认同，这发生在加尔各答市周围。研究应用:本研究一方面是对现有理论的贡献，另一方面是对小说中所描述的文化矛盾心理和文化帝国主义对印度文学和社会的影响的解释和影响。研究的新颖性/原创性:这项研究是新颖的，因为它调查了社会文化、社会经济和社会政治权力关系，这些关系是由英国和印度的制度文化价值观和印度社会过渡阶段的实践所起的作用，这些价值观和实践在主人公和其他发生在加尔各答市周围的人物的生活中产生了矛盾的身份。本文的理论框架取自两种不同的理论，以引起更多的争论性讨论。
{"title":"ANALYZING CULTURAL AMBIVALENT IDENTITIES AND TRANSITIONAL PHASES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IMPERIALISM PRESENTED IN ANITA DESAI’S VOICES IN THE CITY","authors":"H. Zubair, Nelofir Shaber, Iqra Khadam","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2020.8611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8611","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: This research explores Anita Desai’s Voices in the City from the cultural ambivalence and cultural imperialism aspects. Anita Desai’s Voices in the City (1964) is about the story of an archetypal Indian protagonist Nirode and his family. \u0000Methodology: This research is qualitative. Theories presented by Homi K. Bhabha and K. R. Lyenger support this research study as a major theoretical framework. This research is based on textual analysis.It discusses the issues of the remains of colonization and the impact of British imperialism during the transitional phase of the socio-cultural and socio-political situation of Indian society that reflects the ambivalent identity of the protagonist and other characters as well. \u0000Main Findings: Nirode is a colonial subject who distinctly observes the city of Calcutta and tends to escape from such cultural tendencies of modern Indian cultures and British cultures which causes his identity ambivalent. Nirode’s position as a victim and resistant to both cultures, his subject is determined amidst the socio-cultural, socio-economic, and socio-political power relations played by both British and Indian institutional cultural values and practices of the transitional phase of Indian society that creates ambivalent identity in the life of the protagonist and other characters which happens around the city of Calcutta. \u0000Applications of the study: The research is a contribution to the existing theories on one hand and an explanation and impact of the cultural ambivalence and cultural imperialism on Indian literature and society as depicted in the novel. \u0000Novelty/Originality of the study: This research is novel as it investigates socio-cultural, socio-economic, and socio-political power relations played by both British and Indian institutional cultural values and practices of the transitional phase of Indian society that creates ambivalent identity in the life of the protagonist and other characters which happens around the city of Calcutta. The theoretical framework is taken from two different theories in order to draw more argumentative discussion.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123307915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose of the study: Besides analyzing multilateral fora and their importance for China’s ‘Asia Dream,’ this study celaborates on the strategic sources of China’s behavior in the Asia-Pacific and beyond and the strategic initiatives that it has taken to preserve and expand its influence. Methodology: This is a qualitative explanatory case study. The research is conducted using an embedded case study in which phenomena under investigation are analyzed at the individual, state, and system levels. Primary data in the form of speeches (mostly of President Xi Jinping) and white papers issued by the Chinese government are used. Main Findings: China’s contemporary behavior has not only made its foreign policy vital for the pursuance of its interests but has also been gauged by the regional states with a mix of skepticism and opportunism. On the one hand, China’s assertiveness is perceived as a threat by the regional and some extra-regional states, forcing them to pursue balancing and/or hedging strategies. On the other, they have capitalized upon Chinese-led multilateral initiatives to strengthen themselves by bringing their economies in alignment with that of China. The study deliberates the historical traditions of Tianxia and Neo-Confucianism and their impact on contemporary Chinese strategic thinking. The study finds that China's strategic behavior under President Xi Jinping has metamorphosed into an admix of assertiveness and benevolence carefully crafted to pursue its core interests – an aspiring benevolent ‘regional’ hegemon. Applications of this study: The study is useful for the students, scholars, and policy practitioners of International Relations and Area Studies, specifically those involved with China and the Asia Pacific. Novelty/Originality of this study: China has been accused of pursuing hegemonistic designs in the region and beyond. This study dissects this discourse while seeing whether those who are generating the discourse are benefitting from China’s overtures or not.
{"title":"IS CHINA PURSUING A ‘REGIONAL’ HEGEMONY? STRATEGIC SOURCES OF CHINA’SASSERTIVE-CUM-BENEVOLENT BEHAVIOUR","authors":"M. N. Mirza, Hussain Abbas, A. Malik","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2020.8610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8610","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: Besides analyzing multilateral fora and their importance for China’s ‘Asia Dream,’ this study celaborates on the strategic sources of China’s behavior in the Asia-Pacific and beyond and the strategic initiatives that it has taken to preserve and expand its influence. \u0000Methodology: This is a qualitative explanatory case study. The research is conducted using an embedded case study in which phenomena under investigation are analyzed at the individual, state, and system levels. Primary data in the form of speeches (mostly of President Xi Jinping) and white papers issued by the Chinese government are used. \u0000Main Findings: China’s contemporary behavior has not only made its foreign policy vital for the pursuance of its interests but has also been gauged by the regional states with a mix of skepticism and opportunism. On the one hand, China’s assertiveness is perceived as a threat by the regional and some extra-regional states, forcing them to pursue balancing and/or hedging strategies. On the other, they have capitalized upon Chinese-led multilateral initiatives to strengthen themselves by bringing their economies in alignment with that of China. The study deliberates the historical traditions of Tianxia and Neo-Confucianism and their impact on contemporary Chinese strategic thinking. The study finds that China's strategic behavior under President Xi Jinping has metamorphosed into an admix of assertiveness and benevolence carefully crafted to pursue its core interests – an aspiring benevolent ‘regional’ hegemon. \u0000Applications of this study: The study is useful for the students, scholars, and policy practitioners of International Relations and Area Studies, specifically those involved with China and the Asia Pacific. \u0000Novelty/Originality of this study: China has been accused of pursuing hegemonistic designs in the region and beyond. This study dissects this discourse while seeing whether those who are generating the discourse are benefitting from China’s overtures or not.","PeriodicalId":415004,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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