Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801008
Fallou Ngom, M. H. Kurfi
Human beings are not superior to one another based on their tongues. Superiority only lies in one’s faith and submission to the will of God.
人类并不是因为他们的语言而高人一等。优越只在于一个人的信仰和对上帝意志的服从。
{"title":"ʿAjamization of Islam in Africa","authors":"Fallou Ngom, M. H. Kurfi","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801008","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings are not superior to one another based on their tongues. Superiority only lies in one’s faith and submission to the will of God.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"107 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81473285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801005
J. Mugane
This paper takes a look at the odyssey of the Arabic script in Swahili hands. It shows how the distinction between the Arabic script and Swahili ʿAjamī constitutes a hyphen whose meaning is saturated with the story of Swahili society and language. The hyphen represents a non-trivial record of Swahili agency as innovative users, authors, transcribers, translators, and interpreters of the Arabic script enlarged its use and versatility as a viable medium to write Swahili, a Bantu language. The paper identifies as resilience Swahili efforts to sustain the use of the unmodified Arabic script alongside the enriched one. The Swahili wrote because they were compelled to write, everyone in their dialect, with content not divorced from script. The Swahili ʿAjamī record is a bonafide source and terminus of Africa’s knowledge.
{"title":"The Odyssey of ʿAjamī and the Swahili People","authors":"J. Mugane","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes a look at the odyssey of the Arabic script in Swahili hands. It shows how the distinction between the Arabic script and Swahili ʿAjamī constitutes a hyphen whose meaning is saturated with the story of Swahili society and language. The hyphen represents a non-trivial record of Swahili agency as innovative users, authors, transcribers, translators, and interpreters of the Arabic script enlarged its use and versatility as a viable medium to write Swahili, a Bantu language. The paper identifies as resilience Swahili efforts to sustain the use of the unmodified Arabic script alongside the enriched one. The Swahili wrote because they were compelled to write, everyone in their dialect, with content not divorced from script. The Swahili ʿAjamī record is a bonafide source and terminus of Africa’s knowledge.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"6 1","pages":"193-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801001
Nikolai Dobronravin
“Market literature” in Arabic and ʿAjamī is a particular variety of West African Islamic book culture, which is especially strong in northern Nigerian states. Arabic-script “Nithography” (by analogy to Nollywood, the modern Nigerian film industry) represents a unique phenomenon, although it is reminiscent of the nineteenth-century Islamic lithography in the Middle East. Nigerian “market literature” in Arabic and ʿAjamī has mostly followed the pre-colonial manuscript tradition of Central Sudanic Africa, including writing styles, colophons and glosses. In contrast to Middle Eastern book culture, Nigerian typeset printing largely preceded the era of offset. The innovative elements of offset book design in Nigeria and further perspectives of “Nithography” in Arabic and ʿAjamī are discussed.
{"title":"Design Elements and Illuminations in Nigerian “Market Literature” in Arabic and ʿAjamī","authors":"Nikolai Dobronravin","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801001","url":null,"abstract":"“Market literature” in Arabic and ʿAjamī is a particular variety of West African Islamic book culture, which is especially strong in northern Nigerian states. Arabic-script “Nithography” (by analogy to Nollywood, the modern Nigerian film industry) represents a unique phenomenon, although it is reminiscent of the nineteenth-century Islamic lithography in the Middle East. Nigerian “market literature” in Arabic and ʿAjamī has mostly followed the pre-colonial manuscript tradition of Central Sudanic Africa, including writing styles, colophons and glosses. In contrast to Middle Eastern book culture, Nigerian typeset printing largely preceded the era of offset. The innovative elements of offset book design in Nigeria and further perspectives of “Nithography” in Arabic and ʿAjamī are discussed.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"43-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81369925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801012
Mauro Nobili
{"title":"Muslims beyond the Arab World: The Odyssey of ‘Ajamī and the Murīdiyya , written by Fallom Ngom","authors":"Mauro Nobili","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"22 1","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78069768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801002
Sara Fanì
This paper focuses on Arabic scribal practices in a corpus of Ethiopian Islamic manuscripts from the region of Harar ascribed to the period from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. Two different aspects will be considered, namely the characteristic realization of specific graphemes and the methods for the justification of the text. The observations take into account the perceived sacred dimension of the texts, from copies of the Qurʾān to ʿAjamī works, and the different level of standardization of their written manifestations. This approach is intended to highlight the results of the cultural interplay between the scribal models acquired and their local reinterpretation in order to identify reference models and determine the criteria at the base of the processes of ʿAjamization of these scribal practices. I hope that the characteristics described in this article will represent the starting point for comparative studies of scribal practices between different Ethiopian regions and with other regions of the Islamic world.
{"title":"Scribal Practices in Arabic Manuscripts from Ethiopia: The ʿAjamization of Scribal Practices in Fuṣḥā and ʿAjamī Manuscripts from Harar","authors":"Sara Fanì","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on Arabic scribal practices in a corpus of Ethiopian Islamic manuscripts from the region of Harar ascribed to the period from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. Two different aspects will be considered, namely the characteristic realization of specific graphemes and the methods for the justification of the text. The observations take into account the perceived sacred dimension of the texts, from copies of the Qurʾān to ʿAjamī works, and the different level of standardization of their written manifestations. This approach is intended to highlight the results of the cultural interplay between the scribal models acquired and their local reinterpretation in order to identify reference models and determine the criteria at the base of the processes of ʿAjamization of these scribal practices. I hope that the characteristics described in this article will represent the starting point for comparative studies of scribal practices between different Ethiopian regions and with other regions of the Islamic world.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"86 1","pages":"144-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81160569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801004
Adday Hernández
While the word ʿAjamī traditionally refers to texts in many languages written with the modified Arabic script, the meaning has been expanded in the concept of ʿAjamization used in this volume. ʿAjamization is construed in this article, as it is operationalized in the volume, to refer to the various tangible and subtle enrichments of Islam, its culture, and its written and artistic traditions in Africa.1 In this sense, it is not only the modification (enrichment) of the Arabic script that defines ʿAjamization, but also other features such as the content and the aesthetics of the texts. This paper focuses on the cultural dimension of ʿAjamization in two collections of Ethiopian Islamic texts written in Arabic.2 These texts encompass magic-related materials, including theurgic texts and invocations to jinn. 3 I will examine these texts to ascertain whether they reflect a local cosmology, even if they are not written in ʿAjamī but in Arabic.4
{"title":"The ʿAjamization of Islam in Ethiopia through Esoteric Textual Manifestations in Two Collections of Ethiopian Arabic Manuscripts","authors":"Adday Hernández","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801004","url":null,"abstract":"While the word ʿAjamī traditionally refers to texts in many languages written with the modified Arabic script, the meaning has been expanded in the concept of ʿAjamization used in this volume. ʿAjamization is construed in this article, as it is operationalized in the volume, to refer to the various tangible and subtle enrichments of Islam, its culture, and its written and artistic traditions in Africa.1 In this sense, it is not only the modification (enrichment) of the Arabic script that defines ʿAjamization, but also other features such as the content and the aesthetics of the texts. This paper focuses on the cultural dimension of ʿAjamization in two collections of Ethiopian Islamic texts written in Arabic.2 These texts encompass magic-related materials, including theurgic texts and invocations to jinn. 3 I will examine these texts to ascertain whether they reflect a local cosmology, even if they are not written in ʿAjamī but in Arabic.4","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"612 1","pages":"171-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86676723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801010
J. Abbink
{"title":"Faith at the Crossroads: Religious Syncretism and Dispute Settlement in Northern Ethiopia. A Study of Sufi Shrine in North Eastern Ethiopia, written by Meron Zeleke Eresso","authors":"J. Abbink","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"6 1","pages":"242-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91260453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801009
J. Walz
This research note emphasizes human entanglement inland of the East African marine coastal fringe, but tied to it and to the Swahili World, c . ad 750–1550. Social, economic, political, and ritual intersections developed between late pre-urban/urban communities and their countrysides.1 Stone towns on the Swahili Coast administered countrysides, produced and marketed items for long-distance exchange, and emulated elite Islamic ritual and religious styles and products to build nodes of authority.2 By the 1990s, each of these interpretations of coastal towns created a potential role for non-coastal, African communities and inland goods in coastal livelihoods, whether Islamic Swahili or otherwise. In effect, theoretical advances in archaeology on the coast opened a pathway to challenge previous caricatures of disconnected and static inland people found in early Eurasian travelogues and post-independence colonialist scholarship. This potential has yet to be met.
{"title":"Inland Connectivity in Ancient Tanzania","authors":"J. Walz","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801009","url":null,"abstract":"This research note emphasizes human entanglement inland of the East African marine coastal fringe, but tied to it and to the Swahili World, c . ad 750–1550. Social, economic, political, and ritual intersections developed between late pre-urban/urban communities and their countrysides.1 Stone towns on the Swahili Coast administered countrysides, produced and marketed items for long-distance exchange, and emulated elite Islamic ritual and religious styles and products to build nodes of authority.2 By the 1990s, each of these interpretations of coastal towns created a potential role for non-coastal, African communities and inland goods in coastal livelihoods, whether Islamic Swahili or otherwise. In effect, theoretical advances in archaeology on the coast opened a pathway to challenge previous caricatures of disconnected and static inland people found in early Eurasian travelogues and post-independence colonialist scholarship. This potential has yet to be met.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"8 1","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78073890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801006
Darya Ogorodnikova
The article describes and analyse the paratextual elements (annotations) in Soninke and Manding languages in the manuscripts from modern-day Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Burkina Faso. It focuses on specific layout of the annotations in relation to the main text, the linking and tagging/labelling techniques applied to connect them to the source text, their linguistic features and other peculiarities.
{"title":"ʿAjamī Annotations in Multilingual Manuscripts from Mande Speaking Areas: Visual and Linguistic Features","authors":"Darya Ogorodnikova","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801006","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes and analyse the paratextual elements (annotations) in Soninke and Manding languages in the manuscripts from modern-day Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali and Burkina Faso. It focuses on specific layout of the annotations in relation to the main text, the linking and tagging/labelling techniques applied to connect them to the source text, their linguistic features and other peculiarities.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"111-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80043613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-17DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00801007
Alfa Mamadou Diallo Lélouma, Bernard Salvaing
So far, studies of West African Arabic manuscripts have paid limited attention to scribes and their social environment. Fuuta Jaloo’s Islamic confederation emerged in the early 1700s as the brainchild of a group of scholars. Thanks to public policies and cultural innovations, its intellectual output and regional diffusion left indelible marks on manuscripts. The article illustrates how much information can be obtained from colophons, marginal notes, and other material elements. Analyzing several versions of a nineteenth-century treatise on astronomy, comments will be made on the diffusion and rendition of manuscripts in Fuuta Jaloo, Fuuta Toro and Maasina.1
{"title":"“Corners Conceal Treasures”: Arabic Manuscripts’ Marginalia in Fuuta Jaloo and Fuuta Toro in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Alfa Mamadou Diallo Lélouma, Bernard Salvaing","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00801007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00801007","url":null,"abstract":"So far, studies of West African Arabic manuscripts have paid limited attention to scribes and their social environment. Fuuta Jaloo’s Islamic confederation emerged in the early 1700s as the brainchild of a group of scholars. Thanks to public policies and cultural innovations, its intellectual output and regional diffusion left indelible marks on manuscripts. The article illustrates how much information can be obtained from colophons, marginal notes, and other material elements. Analyzing several versions of a nineteenth-century treatise on astronomy, comments will be made on the diffusion and rendition of manuscripts in Fuuta Jaloo, Fuuta Toro and Maasina.1","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"6 1","pages":"70-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76449456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：