Kai Biedermann, Gian-Andri Baumann, Mattia Nolé, Christina M. Spengler, F. Beltrami
Introduction High performance modern shoes reduce energy expenditure and improve performance, however, these gains may also stem from differences in perceived effort. Humans tend to weigh negative information more heavily than positive information, which could influence perception of effort when different shoes are tested sequentially. This study aimed to determine the existence of negativity bias on different measures of perception when alternating running shoes. Methods Eleven well-trained male athletes [age: 28 ± 6 years, weight: 68 ± 5 kg, height: 179 ± 5 cm, peak oxygen consumption: 65 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1] performed three lab visits: a familiarization day with an incremental test followed by two experimental days (track and treadmill, in balanced order). On each day, participants performed four sets of two 5-min runs at 16km･h-1 (5-min breaks in-between) alternating between On Cloudrunner (entry-level, EL) and Cloudboom Echo 3 (high-performance, HP). The order of the shoes was changed every set (i.e, EL-HP or HP-EL). After each run, participants reported their perception of effort (both on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and on a 1-10 Borg Scale) and shoe comfort (VAS). Heart rate and gas exchange were monitored using a chest sensor and a metabolic cart. Differences in ratings between EL-HP and HP-EL were compared using paired t-tests. Results In combined data of track and treadmill, the physiological response and perception of effort were significantly lower while perception of comfort was significantly higher with HP compared to EL. On the treadmill, the absolute value of the change in perceived effort (VAS) was lower for EL-HP compared with HP-EL (0.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.013), but not on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.5 mm vs. HP-EL 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.602). Absolute changes of effort (Borg) were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 0.7 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.8 ± 0.7 pts, p = 0.699) nor on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.7 ± 0.6 pts, p = 0.452). Similarly, ratings of shoe comfort were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 1.8 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.4 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.086) nor on the track (EL-HP 1.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.6 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.674). Discussion/Conclusion Changes in perceived effort (VAS) assessed during treadmill running were nearly two times larger when switching from EL to HP than vice-versa, supporting the presence of a negativity bias in this specific condition, which could be related to the higher resolution of VAS scales compared with Borg. Possibly, the lack of negativity bias on the track resulted from an overall reduced rating of effort compared with treadmill, which left less room for differences. These findings suggest that it would be beneficial to include a control shoe worn before and between the tested shoes of interest to mitigate any potential negativity bias in tests when determining perceived effort on a treadmill with different shoes.
导言高性能的现代运动鞋可以减少能量消耗并提高运动成绩，然而，这些收益也可能来自于感知努力程度的差异。与正面信息相比，人类倾向于更多地考虑负面信息，这可能会影响对不同鞋子进行连续测试时的努力感知。本研究旨在确定在交替穿着跑鞋时，不同感知测量指标是否存在消极偏差：年龄：28 ± 6 岁，体重：68 ± 5 千克，身高：179 ± 5 厘米，峰值耗氧量：65 ± 4 毫升氧气：65 ± 4 ml O2・kg-1・min-1]进行了三次实验室访问：熟悉增量测试日，然后是两个实验日（跑道和跑步机，顺序均衡）。在每一天，参与者以 16 公里/小时-1 的速度进行四组两次 5 分钟的跑步（中间休息 5 分钟），交替使用 On Cloudrunner（入门级，EL）和 Cloudboom Echo 3（高性能，HP）。每组跑鞋的顺序有所改变（即 EL-HP 或 HP-EL）。每次跑步后，参与者都要报告他们对努力程度（100 毫米视觉模拟量表[VAS]和 1-10 伯格量表）和鞋子舒适度（VAS）的感受。使用胸部传感器和代谢车监测心率和气体交换。使用配对 t 检验比较了 EL-HP 和 HP-EL 之间的评分差异。结果在跑道和跑步机的综合数据中，HP 与 EL 相比，生理反应和费力感明显降低，而舒适感明显提高。在跑步机上，与 HP-EL 相比，EL-HP 的体力感知变化（VAS）绝对值较低（0.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.7 mm，p = 0.013），但在跑道上则不然（EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.5 mm vs. HP-EL 0.6 ± 0.3 mm，p = 0.602）。在跑步机上（EL-HP 0.7 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.8 ± 0.7 pts，p = 0.699）和在赛道上（EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.7 ± 0.6 pts，p = 0.452），用力（Borg）的绝对变化既不受鞋子顺序的影响。同样，在跑步机上（EL-HP 1.8 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.4 ± 1.0 mm，p = 0.086）和赛道上（EL-HP 1.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.6 ± 1.0 mm，p = 0.674），鞋子舒适度的评分也不受鞋子顺序的影响。讨论/结论在跑步机上跑步时，从EL转换到HP时所评估的感知努力（VAS）的变化几乎是反之的两倍，这支持了在这种特定条件下存在的消极偏差，这可能与VAS量表的分辨率高于Borg量表有关。赛道上缺乏消极性偏差可能是由于与跑步机相比，对努力程度的总体评价有所降低，从而减少了差异的空间。这些研究结果表明，在使用不同的鞋在跑步机上确定感知用力时，在相关测试鞋之前和之间穿上对照鞋，以减少测试中任何潜在的消极偏差，将是有益的。
{"title":"The order of running shoes and how it influences the perception of effort and comfort","authors":"Kai Biedermann, Gian-Andri Baumann, Mattia Nolé, Christina M. Spengler, F. Beltrami","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000High performance modern shoes reduce energy expenditure and improve performance, however, these gains may also stem from differences in perceived effort. Humans tend to weigh negative information more heavily than positive information, which could influence perception of effort when different shoes are tested sequentially. This study aimed to determine the existence of negativity bias on different measures of perception when alternating running shoes.\u0000Methods\u0000Eleven well-trained male athletes [age: 28 ± 6 years, weight: 68 ± 5 kg, height: 179 ± 5 cm, peak oxygen consumption: 65 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1] performed three lab visits: a familiarization day with an incremental test followed by two experimental days (track and treadmill, in balanced order). On each day, participants performed four sets of two 5-min runs at 16km･h-1 (5-min breaks in-between) alternating between On Cloudrunner (entry-level, EL) and Cloudboom Echo 3 (high-performance, HP). The order of the shoes was changed every set (i.e, EL-HP or HP-EL). After each run, participants reported their perception of effort (both on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS] and on a 1-10 Borg Scale) and shoe comfort (VAS). Heart rate and gas exchange were monitored using a chest sensor and a metabolic cart. Differences in ratings between EL-HP and HP-EL were compared using paired t-tests.\u0000Results\u0000In combined data of track and treadmill, the physiological response and perception of effort were significantly lower while perception of comfort was significantly higher with HP compared to EL. On the treadmill, the absolute value of the change in perceived effort (VAS) was lower for EL-HP compared with HP-EL (0.6 ± 0.5 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.013), but not on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.5 mm vs. HP-EL 0.6 ± 0.3 mm, p = 0.602). Absolute changes of effort (Borg) were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 0.7 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.8 ± 0.7 pts, p = 0.699) nor on the track (EL-HP 0.5 ± 0.4 pts vs. HP-EL 0.7 ± 0.6 pts, p = 0.452). Similarly, ratings of shoe comfort were neither affected by shoe order on the treadmill (EL-HP 1.8 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.4 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.086) nor on the track (EL-HP 1.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. HP-EL 1.6 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.674).\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Changes in perceived effort (VAS) assessed during treadmill running were nearly two times larger when switching from EL to HP than vice-versa, supporting the presence of a negativity bias in this specific condition, which could be related to the higher resolution of VAS scales compared with Borg. Possibly, the lack of negativity bias on the track resulted from an overall reduced rating of effort compared with treadmill, which left less room for differences. These findings suggest that it would be beneficial to include a control shoe worn before and between the tested shoes of interest to mitigate any potential negativity bias in tests when determining perceived effort on a treadmill with different shoes.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brett C. Hannigan, M. Elgendi, Gholami Mohsen, C. Menon
Introduction Wearable motion tracking technology often focuses on reducing the number of sensors to simplify design and lower costs. Research has shown that single IMUs can reconstruct leg kinematics (Gholami et al., 2020; Hossain et al., 2022; Lim et al., 2020) and ground reaction forces (Jiang et al., 2020) effectively. Additionally, model-based methods have demonstrated the feasibility of using fewer gyroscopes to estimate stride length and motion range in healthy individuals and patients with coxarthritis (Salarian et al., 2013). In this study, we aim to assess the precision of sagittal joint angle estimations using strain sensors while minimizing sensor count. Methods We conducted a study with ten participants based on our previous work that involved collecting single-leg treadmill running data to monitor lower limb joint angles with piezoresistive strain sensors. Subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill at 8-10 km/h, wearing athletic pants embedded with nine strain sensors located on the hip, knee, and ankle. Optical motion capture provided reference kinematics. Our prior research achieved less than 1.5° error in the sagittal plane using a machine-learning approach. The current study explores the extent to which sensor reduction is possible without meaningful loss of accuracy. Three evaluation measures were used for assessment: Pearson correlation, dynamic time warping, and root-mean-squared error. Results The results from our correlation analysis will be used to develop a model that optimally balances between accuracy and minimizing the number of sensors. This has practical implications in sports science, where athletes could benefit from less intrusive and more comfortable performance monitoring, and in healthcare, for remote monitoring of patients with mobility issues. References Gholami, M., Napier, C., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating lower extremity running gait kinematics with a single accelerometer: A deep learning approach. Sensors, 20(10), Article 2939. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102939 Hossain, M. S., Bin, Dranetz, J., Choi, H., & Guo, Z. (2022). DeepBBWAE-Net: A CNN-RNN based deep superlearner for estimating lower extremity sagittal plane joint kinematics using shoe-mounted IMU sensors in daily living. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 26(8), 3906-3917. https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3165383 Jiang, X., Napier, C., Hannigan, B., Eng, J. J., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating vertical ground reaction force during walking using a single inertial sensor. Sensors, 20(15), Article 4345. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154345 Lim, H., Kim, B., & Park, S. (2020). Prediction of lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking by a single IMU on the lower back using machine learning. Sensors, 20(1), Article 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010130 Salarian, A., Burkhard, P. R., Vingerhoets, F. J. G., Jolles, B. M., & Aminian, K. (2013). A novel approach to reducing number of sensing units for wearable gait analysis sys
引言 可穿戴运动跟踪技术通常侧重于减少传感器数量，以简化设计和降低成本。研究表明，单个 IMU 可有效重建腿部运动学（Gholami 等人，2020 年；Hossain 等人，2022 年；Lim 等人，2020 年）和地面反作用力（Jiang 等人，2020 年）。此外，基于模型的方法已经证明了使用较少的陀螺仪来估计健康人和髋关节炎患者的步长和运动范围的可行性（Salarian 等人，2013 年）。在本研究中，我们旨在评估使用应变传感器估计矢状关节角度的精度，同时尽量减少传感器数量。方法 我们在之前工作的基础上对 10 名参与者进行了一项研究，其中包括收集单腿跑步机跑步数据，使用压阻应变传感器监测下肢关节角度。受试者穿着嵌有九个应变传感器的运动裤，在装有仪器的跑步机上以 8-10 公里/小时的速度跑步，应变传感器分别位于髋关节、膝关节和踝关节。光学运动捕捉提供了参考运动学数据。我们之前的研究采用机器学习方法，矢状面误差小于 1.5°。目前的研究探讨了在不损失准确性的前提下减少传感器的可能性。评估采用了三种评估方法：皮尔逊相关性、动态时间扭曲和均方根误差。结果 我们的相关性分析结果将用于开发一种模型，在准确性和尽量减少传感器数量之间取得最佳平衡。这对运动科学和医疗保健领域都有实际意义，前者可以为运动员提供侵入性更低、更舒适的运动表现监测，后者可以为行动不便的病人提供远程监测。参考文献 Gholami, M., Napier, C., & Menon, C. (2020).用单个加速度计估算下肢跑步步态运动学：深度学习方法。https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102939 Hossain, M. S., Bin, Dranetz, J., Choi, H., & Guo, Z. (2022).DeepBBWAE-Net：基于 CNN-RNN 的深度超级学习器，用于在日常生活中使用鞋载 IMU 传感器估计下肢矢状面关节运动学。https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3165383 Jiang, X., Napier, C., Hannigan, B., Eng, J. J., & Menon, C. (2020)。使用单个惯性传感器估算行走过程中的垂直地面反作用力。https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154345 Lim, H., Kim, B., & Park, S. (2020)。利用机器学习通过下背部的单个 IMU 预测行走过程中的下肢动力学和运动学。https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010130 Salarian, A., Burkhard, P. R., Vingerhoets, F. J. G., Jolles, B. M., & Aminian, K. (2013)。减少可穿戴步态分析系统传感单元数量的新方法。IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 60(1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2012.2223465
{"title":"Optimizing wearable motion tracking by assessing sagittal joint angle accuracy with minimal sensor use","authors":"Brett C. Hannigan, M. Elgendi, Gholami Mohsen, C. Menon","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss047","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Wearable motion tracking technology often focuses on reducing the number of sensors to simplify design and lower costs. Research has shown that single IMUs can reconstruct leg kinematics (Gholami et al., 2020; Hossain et al., 2022; Lim et al., 2020) and ground reaction forces (Jiang et al., 2020) effectively. Additionally, model-based methods have demonstrated the feasibility of using fewer gyroscopes to estimate stride length and motion range in healthy individuals and patients with coxarthritis (Salarian et al., 2013). In this study, we aim to assess the precision of sagittal joint angle estimations using strain sensors while minimizing sensor count. \u0000Methods \u0000We conducted a study with ten participants based on our previous work that involved collecting single-leg treadmill running data to monitor lower limb joint angles with piezoresistive strain sensors. Subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill at 8-10 km/h, wearing athletic pants embedded with nine strain sensors located on the hip, knee, and ankle. Optical motion capture provided reference kinematics. Our prior research achieved less than 1.5° error in the sagittal plane using a machine-learning approach. The current study explores the extent to which sensor reduction is possible without meaningful loss of accuracy. Three evaluation measures were used for assessment: Pearson correlation, dynamic time warping, and root-mean-squared error. \u0000Results \u0000The results from our correlation analysis will be used to develop a model that optimally balances between accuracy and minimizing the number of sensors. This has practical implications in sports science, where athletes could benefit from less intrusive and more comfortable performance monitoring, and in healthcare, for remote monitoring of patients with mobility issues. \u0000References \u0000Gholami, M., Napier, C., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating lower extremity running gait kinematics with a single accelerometer: A deep learning approach. Sensors, 20(10), Article 2939. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102939 \u0000Hossain, M. S., Bin, Dranetz, J., Choi, H., & Guo, Z. (2022). DeepBBWAE-Net: A CNN-RNN based deep superlearner for estimating lower extremity sagittal plane joint kinematics using shoe-mounted IMU sensors in daily living. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 26(8), 3906-3917. https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2022.3165383 \u0000Jiang, X., Napier, C., Hannigan, B., Eng, J. J., & Menon, C. (2020). Estimating vertical ground reaction force during walking using a single inertial sensor. Sensors, 20(15), Article 4345. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154345 \u0000Lim, H., Kim, B., & Park, S. (2020). Prediction of lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking by a single IMU on the lower back using machine learning. Sensors, 20(1), Article 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010130 \u0000Salarian, A., Burkhard, P. R., Vingerhoets, F. J. G., Jolles, B. M., & Aminian, K. (2013). A novel approach to reducing number of sensing units for wearable gait analysis sys","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Haas, A. Martin-Niedecken, Larissa Wild, Leander Schneeberger, Eveline S. Graf
Introduction Exergaming - physically active gaming - offers great potential for rehabilitation after knee injuries in sports, as it combines physical and cognitive challenges. However, before its use in sports rehabilitation can be recommended as safe and reliable, it is necessary to assess the biomechanics associated with knee injuries - an abducted, internally rotated knee at 10-30° of flexion (Koga et al., 2010). The aim of this study was to compare knee valgus (KV) during 10-30° knee flexion between healthy individuals without previous knee injuries and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries in three exercises of a high-intensive, immersive exergame (ExerCube). Methods The kinematics of 18 healthy subjects (25.2 ± 3.3 years, 9 female) and 6 patients (25.0 ± 5.9 years, 2 female) were recorded using marker-based movement analysis (Vicon) during 25 minutes of exergame training (Sphery Racer, ExerCube). The average maximum KV angle during 10-30° knee flexion was compared between healthy subjects and patients in the squat, jump, and burpee for the right leg using a linear mixed model. Results The average maximal KV in the squat was 4.3° for healthy subjects and 4.8° for patients. In the jump, an average maximal KV of 5.9° (healthy subjects) and 6.8° (patients) was found. With an average of 6.9° in the maximal KV of healthy subjects and 8.6° in patients, the burpee showed the highest KV of all exercises. A significant main effect was found for exercise (F(2, 45) = 57.03, p < .001), but not for the difference between groups (F(1, 22) = 0.45, p = 0.51). Discussion/Conclusion There are no significant differences in KV between healthy participants and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries. This indicates that the pre-injury movement pattern was restored in the patients, and it can be assumed that the studied exercises during exergaming are safe for use in this stage of rehabilitation. References Koga, H., Nakamae, A., Shima, Y., Iwasa, J., Myklebust, G., Engebretsen, L., Bahr, R., & Krosshaug, T. (2010). Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(11), 2218–2225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510373570
{"title":"Comparison of biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury between patients and healthy subjects during exergaming","authors":"M. Haas, A. Martin-Niedecken, Larissa Wild, Leander Schneeberger, Eveline S. Graf","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss045","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Exergaming - physically active gaming - offers great potential for rehabilitation after knee injuries in sports, as it combines physical and cognitive challenges. However, before its use in sports rehabilitation can be recommended as safe and reliable, it is necessary to assess the biomechanics associated with knee injuries - an abducted, internally rotated knee at 10-30° of flexion (Koga et al., 2010). The aim of this study was to compare knee valgus (KV) during 10-30° knee flexion between healthy individuals without previous knee injuries and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries in three exercises of a high-intensive, immersive exergame (ExerCube). \u0000Methods \u0000The kinematics of 18 healthy subjects (25.2 ± 3.3 years, 9 female) and 6 patients (25.0 ± 5.9 years, 2 female) were recorded using marker-based movement analysis (Vicon) during 25 minutes of exergame training (Sphery Racer, ExerCube). The average maximum KV angle during 10-30° knee flexion was compared between healthy subjects and patients in the squat, jump, and burpee for the right leg using a linear mixed model. \u0000Results \u0000The average maximal KV in the squat was 4.3° for healthy subjects and 4.8° for patients. In the jump, an average maximal KV of 5.9° (healthy subjects) and 6.8° (patients) was found. With an average of 6.9° in the maximal KV of healthy subjects and 8.6° in patients, the burpee showed the highest KV of all exercises. A significant main effect was found for exercise (F(2, 45) = 57.03, p < .001), but not for the difference between groups (F(1, 22) = 0.45, p = 0.51). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000There are no significant differences in KV between healthy participants and patients undergoing rehabilitation after knee injuries. This indicates that the pre-injury movement pattern was restored in the patients, and it can be assumed that the studied exercises during exergaming are safe for use in this stage of rehabilitation. \u0000References \u0000Koga, H., Nakamae, A., Shima, Y., Iwasa, J., Myklebust, G., Engebretsen, L., Bahr, R., & Krosshaug, T. (2010). Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(11), 2218–2225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510373570","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"21 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathrin Bretz, Ilaria Ferrari, Johanna Kress, C. Herrmann
Introduction During childhood, children develop their motor competencies. Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a central prerequisite for participation in sport activities (Herrmann et al., 2016) and form the basis for sport-specific skills (Hulteen et al., 2018). In school, children have a choice of formal (e.g. sports club) and informal (free play) settings in which they can engage in sports activities (Neuber & Golenia, 2018). Children who are active in sports clubs have a higher level of BMC (Herrmann et al., 2017). Methods As part of the longitudinal study “Development of basic motor competencies in childhood (EMOKK-study)”, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the BMC of N = 659 preschool children (51% boys) and N = 393 1st and 2nd grade children (49.4% boys) were assessed at two measurement points. In addition, parent questionnaires were used to assess the children’s sport participation. In initial analyses, the development of BMC was calculated using ANCOVA, with age as a covariate. Results Differences between girls and boys could be observed in preschool as well as in 1st and 2nd grade. Boys showed better performance in “object-movement” whereas girls were better in “self-movement”. From first to second grade, sports club participation increased (F(1, 467) = 28.546, p < .001, η2 = .058). In both measurement points, boys were more often active in sport clubs than girls. First and second graders who were active in a sports club performed significantly better in both competence areas (“object-movement”: t1: p < .001, d = .42; t2: p < .001, d = .68; “self-movement”: t1: p = .002, d = .38; t2: p = .001, d = .40) than children who were not. Discussion Children who were active in club sports show a higher level of BMC, which seems to persist in the longitudinal section. This indicates an early selection effect and the importance of BMC for club sport. In further analyses, variables on informal sport activities will also be considered. References Herrmann, C., Gerlach, E., & Seelig, H. (2016). Motorische Basiskompetenzen in der Grundschule. Begründung, Erfassung und empirische Überprüfung eines Messinstruments [Basic motor competences in primary school. Rationale, assessment and empirical testing of a measurement instrument]. Sportwissenschaft, 46(2), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-015-0378-8 Herrmann, C., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (2017). Diagnose und Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen [Diagnosis and development of basic motor competencies]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 49(4), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000180 Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the sifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6 Neuber, N., & Golenia, M. (2018). Lernorte für Kinder und Jugendliche im Sport [Learni
导言：在儿童时期，儿童的运动能力得到发展。基本运动能力（BMC）是参与体育活动的核心前提（Herrmann 等人，2016 年），也是运动专项技能的基础（Hulteen 等人，2018 年）。在学校，儿童可以选择正规（如体育俱乐部）和非正规（自由玩耍）的环境参与体育活动（Neuber & Golenia，2018）。方法作为瑞士国家科学基金会（SNSF）资助的 "儿童基本运动能力发展（EMOKK-研究）"纵向研究的一部分，在两个测量点对N = 659名学龄前儿童（51%为男孩）和N = 393名一二年级儿童（49.4%为男孩）的基本运动能力进行了评估。此外，还使用家长问卷对儿童的运动参与情况进行了评估。在初步分析中，使用方差分析计算了 BMC 的发展情况，并将年龄作为协变量。男孩在 "物体移动 "方面表现更好，而女孩在 "自我移动 "方面表现更好。从一年级到二年级，参加体育俱乐部的人数有所增加（F(1, 467) = 28.546, p < .001, η2 = .058）。在这两个测量点上，男生比女生更经常参加体育俱乐部活动。参加过体育俱乐部活动的一、二年级学生在两个能力领域的表现（"物体移动"：t1：p < .001，d = .42；t2：p < .001，d = .68；"自我移动"：t1：p = .002，d = .38；t2：p = .001，d = .40）都明显优于没有参加过俱乐部活动的儿童。这表明了早期选择效应和 BMC 对俱乐部运动的重要性。在进一步分析中，还将考虑非正式体育活动的变量。参考文献Herrmann, C., Gerlach, E., & Seelig, H. (2016)。Grundschule 中的运动基础能力。Begründung, Erfassung und empirische Überprüfung eines Messinstruments [小学的基本运动能力。测量工具的原理、评估和实证测试]。https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-015-0378-8Herrmann, C., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (2017).Diagnose und Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen [基本运动能力的诊断与发展]。Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 49(4), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000180Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018).基础运动技能的发展：跨年龄段体育活动的概念模型。运动医学》，48（7），1533-1540。 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6Neuber, N., & Golenia, M. (2018)。Lernorte für Kinder und Jugendliche im Sport [儿童和青少年体育学习中心]。In A. Güllich & M. Krüger (Eds.), Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft：Handbuch Sport und Sportwissenschaft (pp. 1-17).Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_24-1
{"title":"Development of basic motor competencies and connections with sport participation","authors":"Kathrin Bretz, Ilaria Ferrari, Johanna Kress, C. Herrmann","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss032","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000During childhood, children develop their motor competencies. Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a central prerequisite for participation in sport activities (Herrmann et al., 2016) and form the basis for sport-specific skills (Hulteen et al., 2018). In school, children have a choice of formal (e.g. sports club) and informal (free play) settings in which they can engage in sports activities (Neuber & Golenia, 2018). Children who are active in sports clubs have a higher level of BMC (Herrmann et al., 2017).\u0000Methods\u0000As part of the longitudinal study “Development of basic motor competencies in childhood (EMOKK-study)”, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the BMC of N = 659 preschool children (51% boys) and N = 393 1st and 2nd grade children (49.4% boys) were assessed at two measurement points. In addition, parent questionnaires were used to assess the children’s sport participation. In initial analyses, the development of BMC was calculated using ANCOVA, with age as a covariate.\u0000Results\u0000Differences between girls and boys could be observed in preschool as well as in 1st and 2nd grade. Boys showed better performance in “object-movement” whereas girls were better in “self-movement”. From first to second grade, sports club participation increased (F(1, 467) = 28.546, p < .001, η2 = .058). In both measurement points, boys were more often active in sport clubs than girls. First and second graders who were active in a sports club performed significantly better in both competence areas (“object-movement”: t1: p < .001, d = .42; t2: p < .001, d = .68; “self-movement”: t1: p = .002, d = .38; t2: p = .001, d = .40) than children who were not.\u0000Discussion\u0000Children who were active in club sports show a higher level of BMC, which seems to persist in the longitudinal section. This indicates an early selection effect and the importance of BMC for club sport. In further analyses, variables on informal sport activities will also be considered.\u0000References\u0000Herrmann, C., Gerlach, E., & Seelig, H. (2016). Motorische Basiskompetenzen in der Grundschule. Begründung, Erfassung und empirische Überprüfung eines Messinstruments [Basic motor competences in primary school. Rationale, assessment and empirical testing of a measurement instrument]. Sportwissenschaft, 46(2), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-015-0378-8\u0000Herrmann, C., Heim, C., & Seelig, H. (2017). Diagnose und Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen [Diagnosis and development of basic motor competencies]. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 49(4), 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000180\u0000Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the sifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6\u0000Neuber, N., & Golenia, M. (2018). Lernorte für Kinder und Jugendliche im Sport [Learni","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivien Hohberg, Eric Lichtenstein, Jan-Niklas Kreppke, Cedrine Zanitti, F. Streckmann, M. Gerber, Oliver Faude
Introduction An increase in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases worldwide can be attributed to the prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle. Engaging in regular exercise can significantly benefit individuals with T2D (Colberg et al., 2016). A multitude of studies have explored this impact through controlled exercise interventions (Hou et al., 2023). Nevertheless, our understanding of how lifestyle interventions can effectively promote physical activity (PA) and positively influence the progression of T2D in practical, real-world scenarios remains limited. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of lifestyle interventions targeting the promotion of PA on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and PA outcomes. Furthermore, the aim is to examine whether lifestyle interventions influence PA and therefore HbA1c. Methods We searched three databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTdiscus) using the expanded search strategy of “Type 2 diabetes” AND “lifestyle intervention” AND “randomized controlled trial” AND “physical activity” AND “HEMOGLOBIN A1C”. In order to provide a comprehensive overview, we examine the design of the studies and the structure of the lifestyle interventions. To address the aim of this study, we conducted a meta-analysis with the outcomes PA and HbA1c. Moreover, we performed a multivariate meta-regression analysis to explore the impact of the moderator variable, PA, on the study effect sizes of HbA1c. Results This review incorporated 12 studies (n = 2513 patients), exploring multiple lifestyle interventions with heterogeneity in design, components, and duration. Regarding PA outcomes, we found an increase in PA (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.21,0.45), with no disparity between objective and self-reported measurements of PA. For HbA1c, the effect size was g = -0.07 (95% CI -0.17,0.04). In multivariate meta-regression, the intercept was 0.004 (SE = 0.06, 95% CI -0.11,0.12), and the PA coefficient as a moderator was -0.05 (SE = 0.06, 95% CI -0.18,0.07). These findings suggest that physical activity does not act as a moderator for changes in HbA1c in the examined studies. Discussion/Conclusion The studies showed a small effect in increasing PA. Lifestyle interventions had no relevant impact on HbA1c compared to control conditions, and the role of PA as a moderator was inconclusive. Further research is required to determine if structured exercise programs, known for positively affecting HbA1c, could be a better alternative to lifestyle interventions for individuals with T2D. Additionally, there is a need to investigate ways to enhance the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in influencing PA and HbA1c levels. References Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079. ht
导言 全球 2 型糖尿病（T2D）病例的增加可归因于不健康生活方式的盛行。经常参加锻炼对 T2D 患者大有裨益（Colberg 等人，2016 年）。许多研究通过对照运动干预来探讨这种影响（Hou 等人，2023 年）。然而，我们对生活方式干预如何有效促进体力活动（PA）并在实际现实场景中对 T2D 的进展产生积极影响的了解仍然有限。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在研究以促进体力活动为目标的生活方式干预对糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平和体力活动结果的影响。此外，目的还在于研究生活方式干预是否会影响 PA 并进而影响 HbA1c。方法 我们使用 "2 型糖尿病"、"生活方式干预"、"随机对照试验"、"体育锻炼 "和 "糖化血红蛋白 A1C "的扩展搜索策略搜索了三个数据库（MEDLINE via PubMed、PsycINFO 和 SPORTdiscus）。为了提供一个全面的概览，我们考察了研究的设计和生活方式干预的结构。为了达到本研究的目的，我们对结果 PA 和 HbA1c 进行了荟萃分析。此外，我们还进行了多变量元回归分析，以探讨调节变量 PA 对 HbA1c 研究效应大小的影响。结果 本综述纳入了 12 项研究（n = 2513 名患者），探讨了多种生活方式干预措施，这些干预措施在设计、成分和持续时间方面存在异质性。关于活动量结果，我们发现活动量有所增加（g = 0.33，95% CI = 0.21,0.45），客观和自我报告的活动量测量结果之间没有差异。对于 HbA1c，效应大小为 g = -0.07 (95% CI -0.17,0.04)。在多元元回归中，截距为 0.004（SE = 0.06，95% CI -0.11,0.12），作为调节因子的 PA 系数为 -0.05（SE = 0.06，95% CI -0.18,0.07）。这些研究结果表明，在所考察的研究中，体育锻炼对 HbA1c 的变化不起调节作用。讨论/结论 这些研究表明，增加体育锻炼的效果很小。与对照组相比，生活方式干预对 HbA1c 没有相关影响，而体育锻炼作为调节剂的作用尚无定论。众所周知，结构化锻炼计划对 HbA1c 有积极影响，但对于 T2D 患者来说，结构化锻炼计划是否能更好地替代生活方式干预，还需要进一步研究。此外，还需要研究如何提高生活方式干预在影响 PA 和 HbA1c 水平方面的效果。参考文献 Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016)。体育活动/运动与糖尿病：美国糖尿病协会的立场声明。https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 Hou, L., Wang, Q., Pan, B., Li, R., Li, Y., He, J., Qin, T., Cao, L., Zhang, N., & Cao, C. (2023)。2型糖尿病的运动模式：随机试验的系统综述和网络荟萃分析》。糖尿病/代谢研究与评论》，39（1），第 e3591 条。https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3591。
{"title":"Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to promote physical activity on glycated hemoglobin and physical activity in type 2 diabetes patients - Systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Vivien Hohberg, Eric Lichtenstein, Jan-Niklas Kreppke, Cedrine Zanitti, F. Streckmann, M. Gerber, Oliver Faude","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss050","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000An increase in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases worldwide can be attributed to the prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle. Engaging in regular exercise can significantly benefit individuals with T2D (Colberg et al., 2016). A multitude of studies have explored this impact through controlled exercise interventions (Hou et al., 2023). Nevertheless, our understanding of how lifestyle interventions can effectively promote physical activity (PA) and positively influence the progression of T2D in practical, real-world scenarios remains limited. The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of lifestyle interventions targeting the promotion of PA on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and PA outcomes. Furthermore, the aim is to examine whether lifestyle interventions influence PA and therefore HbA1c. \u0000Methods \u0000We searched three databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, and SPORTdiscus) using the expanded search strategy of “Type 2 diabetes” AND “lifestyle intervention” AND “randomized controlled trial” AND “physical activity” AND “HEMOGLOBIN A1C”. In order to provide a comprehensive overview, we examine the design of the studies and the structure of the lifestyle interventions. To address the aim of this study, we conducted a meta-analysis with the outcomes PA and HbA1c. Moreover, we performed a multivariate meta-regression analysis to explore the impact of the moderator variable, PA, on the study effect sizes of HbA1c. \u0000Results \u0000This review incorporated 12 studies (n = 2513 patients), exploring multiple lifestyle interventions with heterogeneity in design, components, and duration. Regarding PA outcomes, we found an increase in PA (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.21,0.45), with no disparity between objective and self-reported measurements of PA. For HbA1c, the effect size was g = -0.07 (95% CI -0.17,0.04). In multivariate meta-regression, the intercept was 0.004 (SE = 0.06, 95% CI -0.11,0.12), and the PA coefficient as a moderator was -0.05 (SE = 0.06, 95% CI -0.18,0.07). These findings suggest that physical activity does not act as a moderator for changes in HbA1c in the examined studies. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The studies showed a small effect in increasing PA. Lifestyle interventions had no relevant impact on HbA1c compared to control conditions, and the role of PA as a moderator was inconclusive. Further research is required to determine if structured exercise programs, known for positively affecting HbA1c, could be a better alternative to lifestyle interventions for individuals with T2D. Additionally, there is a need to investigate ways to enhance the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in influencing PA and HbA1c levels. \u0000References \u0000Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079. ht","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"284 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The revelations from the Magglingen Protocols article (Gertsch & Krogerus, 2020) brought a spotlight of Switzerland’s national attention to the issues concerning safeguarding against maltreatment in sport. The experiences of the athletes featured in the article were certainly not the first, nor the last, of their kind in Switzerland, and much less in the world. While the International Olympic Committee provided guidelines for international federations and national Olympic committees to follow in the development of their own safeguarding programs (Burrows, 2017), the implementation of such programs varies considerably. Few, if any, in the emerging field would claim to have found the “right” way to handle the many facets of safeguarding, which are complexified by sociocultural norms and definitions, sport-specific practices, and local jurisprudence. Questions about who within the sports ecosystem is responsible, and for what, in the safeguarding process lack consensus, and countries have answered them in their own ways. Fundamentally, the philosophical notions of what constitutes “abuse,” “maltreatment,” “care,” and “wellbeing” (among others) underpin any attempt to understand the safeguarding problem and respond to it with policy. The cultural differences in the meanings behind these notions leads consequently to the dissimilar implementation of efforts to address them. This presentation proposes a critical reflection on the strategic efforts globally and within Switzerland to understand and frame the issue of safeguarding to create a unified approach in policy making. While not an exhaustive comparison of every nation’s approach, the reflection will compare the Swiss strategy with certain notable examples, highlighting what pressing moral and philosophical questions the Swiss strategy has yet to answer. References Burrows, K. (2017). IOC Safeguarding Toolkit for IFs and NOCs. International Olympic Committee. https://d2g8uwgn11fzhj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/18105952/IOC_Safeguarding_Toolkit_ENG_Screen_Full1.pdf Gertsch, C., & Krogerus, M. (2020, October 31). Die Magglingen Protokolle. Tages-Anzeiger Das Magazin. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wie-turnerinnen-in-magglingen-gebrochen-werden-170525604713
马格林根协议》一文（Gertsch & Krogerus, 2020 年）所揭露的问题引起了瑞士全国对体育运动中防止虐待问题的关注。文章中介绍的运动员的经历在瑞士肯定不是第一次，也不是最后一次，在世界上更不是第一次。虽然国际奥委会为国际单项体育联合会和国家奥委会制定各自的保障计划提供了指导方针（Burrows，2017 年），但这些计划的实施情况却大相径庭。在这一新兴领域，很少有人（如果有的话）声称找到了处理保障问题诸多方面的 "正确 "方法，而社会文化规范和定义、体育运动的具体实践以及地方判例又使保障问题变得更加复杂。关于体育生态系统中谁在保障过程中负责以及负责什么的问题缺乏共识，各国都以自己的方式回答了这些问题。从根本上说，什么是 "虐待"、"粗暴对待"、"照顾 "和 "福祉"（等等）的哲学概念，是理解保障问题并制定应对政策的基础。这些概念背后所蕴含的文化差异导致了解决这些问题的努力在实施上的差异。本报告建议对全球和瑞士国内为理解和界定保障问题所做的战略努力进行批判性反思，以便在制定政策时采用统一的方法。虽然不能对每个国家的方法进行详尽的比较，但反思将把瑞士的战略与某些著名的例子进行比较，强调瑞士的战略尚未回答哪些紧迫的道德和哲学问题。参考文献 Burrows, K. (2017).IOC Safeguarding Toolkit for IFs and NOCs.https://d2g8uwgn11fzhj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/18105952/IOC_Safeguarding_Toolkit_ENG_Screen_Full1.pdf Gertsch, C., & Krogerus, M. (2020, October 31).Die Magglingen Protokolle.Tages-Anzeiger Das Magazin. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wie-turnerinnen-in-magglingen-gebrochen-werden-170525604713
{"title":"Inventing safe sport: Comparing Swiss and global strategies","authors":"Benjamin Carr","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss035","url":null,"abstract":"The revelations from the Magglingen Protocols article (Gertsch & Krogerus, 2020) brought a spotlight of Switzerland’s national attention to the issues concerning safeguarding against maltreatment in sport. The experiences of the athletes featured in the article were certainly not the first, nor the last, of their kind in Switzerland, and much less in the world. While the International Olympic Committee provided guidelines for international federations and national Olympic committees to follow in the development of their own safeguarding programs (Burrows, 2017), the implementation of such programs varies considerably. Few, if any, in the emerging field would claim to have found the “right” way to handle the many facets of safeguarding, which are complexified by sociocultural norms and definitions, sport-specific practices, and local jurisprudence. Questions about who within the sports ecosystem is responsible, and for what, in the safeguarding process lack consensus, and countries have answered them in their own ways. Fundamentally, the philosophical notions of what constitutes “abuse,” “maltreatment,” “care,” and “wellbeing” (among others) underpin any attempt to understand the safeguarding problem and respond to it with policy. The cultural differences in the meanings behind these notions leads consequently to the dissimilar implementation of efforts to address them. This presentation proposes a critical reflection on the strategic efforts globally and within Switzerland to understand and frame the issue of safeguarding to create a unified approach in policy making. While not an exhaustive comparison of every nation’s approach, the reflection will compare the Swiss strategy with certain notable examples, highlighting what pressing moral and philosophical questions the Swiss strategy has yet to answer. \u0000References \u0000Burrows, K. (2017). IOC Safeguarding Toolkit for IFs and NOCs. International Olympic Committee. https://d2g8uwgn11fzhj.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/18105952/IOC_Safeguarding_Toolkit_ENG_Screen_Full1.pdf \u0000Gertsch, C., & Krogerus, M. (2020, October 31). Die Magglingen Protokolle. Tages-Anzeiger Das Magazin. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wie-turnerinnen-in-magglingen-gebrochen-werden-170525604713","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"306 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Lardi, N. Kiselev, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Andreas Heiniger, M. Schaub
Background Despite the growth of para-sport, little research has been conducted on psychotropic substance use among Swiss elite para-athletes (McDuff et al., 2019; Rice et al., 2016; Weber et al., 2022). This study is among the first to explore this under-researched area, focusing on athletes’ perceptions and mental health concerns related to substance use. Methodology Adopting a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen (N = 15) active Swiss adult elite para-athletes from nine different summer and winter sports. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the interview data, focusing on athletes' perceptions and experiences related to substance use (Guest et al., 2012). Findings On the one hand, an increase in athletic level and professionalisation seem to leave little room for the use of substances that could be detrimental to athletic performance. On the other hand, the results suggest that stress, negative emotions, physical pain, and a background of substance use may be positively associated with substance use in elite para-athletes (Lardi et al., in preparation). Conclusion The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions and support systems within athletic federations. Proposed measures include the development of comprehensive prevention strategies, regulatory frameworks, and treatment programs tailored to the unique needs of para-athletes. This study contributes valuable insights into substance use among Swiss elite para-athletes, advocating for specialized interventions to support athlete well-being. References Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436 Lardi, M., Kiselev, N., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Heiniger, A., & Schaub, M. (in preparation). Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes: A qualitative study with Swiss elite para-athletes. McDuff, D., Stull, T., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 754-760. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100669 Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016). The mental health of elite athletes: A narrative systematic review. Sports Medicine, 46, 1333-1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2 Weber, K., Patterson, L. B., & Blank, C. (2022). Doping in disabled elite sport: Perceptions, knowledge and opinions from the perspective of German and UK coaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 62, Article 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102233
背景尽管准体育运动不断发展，但有关瑞士精英准运动员使用精神药物的研究却很少（McDuff 等人，2019 年；Rice 等人，2016 年；Weber 等人，2022 年）。本研究采用定性研究设计，对来自九个不同夏季和冬季运动项目的十五名（N = 15）活跃的瑞士成年精英准运动员进行了半结构化访谈。研究采用主题分析法对访谈数据进行解读，重点关注运动员对药物使用的看法和经验（Guest 等人，2012 年）。研究结果一方面，运动水平的提高和职业化似乎为使用可能有损运动成绩的药物留下了很小的空间。另一方面，研究结果表明，压力、负面情绪、身体疼痛和使用药物的背景可能与精英准运动员使用药物呈正相关（Lardi 等人，正在准备中）。建议采取的措施包括制定全面的预防战略、监管框架以及针对准运动员独特需求的治疗计划。这项研究为了解瑞士精英辅助运动员的药物使用情况提供了宝贵的意见，倡导采取专门的干预措施，以支持运动员的健康。Applied Thematic Analysis.https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436Lardi, M., Kiselev, N., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Heiniger, A., & Schaub, M. (in preparation).Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes：McDuff, D., Stull, T., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019)。精英运动员的娱乐性和运动性物质使用以及物质使用障碍：叙述性综述。https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100669Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016).精英运动员的心理健康：叙事性系统综述》。https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2Weber, K., Patterson, L. B., & Blank, C. (2022)。残疾人精英体育运动中的兴奋剂问题：德国和英国教练的看法、知识和观点。运动心理学》，第 62 期，第 102233 条。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102233。
{"title":"Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes: A qualitative study with Swiss elite para-athletes","authors":"Michele Lardi, N. Kiselev, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Andreas Heiniger, M. Schaub","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss015","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Despite the growth of para-sport, little research has been conducted on psychotropic substance use among Swiss elite para-athletes (McDuff et al., 2019; Rice et al., 2016; Weber et al., 2022). This study is among the first to explore this under-researched area, focusing on athletes’ perceptions and mental health concerns related to substance use.\u0000Methodology\u0000Adopting a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen (N = 15) active Swiss adult elite para-athletes from nine different summer and winter sports. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the interview data, focusing on athletes' perceptions and experiences related to substance use (Guest et al., 2012).\u0000Findings\u0000On the one hand, an increase in athletic level and professionalisation seem to leave little room for the use of substances that could be detrimental to athletic performance. On the other hand, the results suggest that stress, negative emotions, physical pain, and a background of substance use may be positively associated with substance use in elite para-athletes (Lardi et al., in preparation).\u0000Conclusion\u0000The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions and support systems within athletic federations. Proposed measures include the development of comprehensive prevention strategies, regulatory frameworks, and treatment programs tailored to the unique needs of para-athletes. This study contributes valuable insights into substance use among Swiss elite para-athletes, advocating for specialized interventions to support athlete well-being.\u0000References\u0000Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436\u0000Lardi, M., Kiselev, N., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Heiniger, A., & Schaub, M. (in preparation). Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes: A qualitative study with Swiss elite para-athletes.\u0000McDuff, D., Stull, T., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Hitchcock, M. E., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Recreational and ergogenic substance use and substance use disorders in elite athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 754-760. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100669\u0000Rice, S. M., Purcell, R., De Silva, S., Mawren, D., McGorry, P. D., & Parker, A. G. (2016). The mental health of elite athletes: A narrative systematic review. Sports Medicine, 46, 1333-1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0492-2\u0000Weber, K., Patterson, L. B., & Blank, C. (2022). Doping in disabled elite sport: Perceptions, knowledge and opinions from the perspective of German and UK coaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 62, Article 102233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102233","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hanimann, Daniel P. Fitze, T. Götschi, Melanie Gloor, E.D. de Bruin, Katrien De Bock, Reto Sutter, Jörg Spörri
Introduction Patellar tendinopathy is frequent in adolescent athletes and particularly accentuated in competitive alpine skiers (Fröhlich et al., 2020). Tendinopathies are characterized by long disease histories, and whether they can be healed completely is an open question (Kettunen et al., 2002). Three-dimensional (3D) shear wave elastography (SWE) has proven valuable in the early detection of tendinopathies (Götschi et al., 2023). The aims of this study were to (1) describe the longitudinal progression of patellar tendon complaint prevalence in competitive alpine skiers during adolescence, (2) compare the SWV patterns of skiers that were symptomatic four years ago with those with no history of patellar tendon complaints and (3) analyse whether shear wave velocity (SWV) average values correlate with SWV coefficient of variation (CV). Methods Forty-seven subjects were analysed in this 4-year follow-up study regarding their patellar tendon complaints and SWV patterns. Symptomatic and asymptomatic skiers were identified by clinical examinations including the criteria of pain sensation under loading and palpation-induced pain. SWV was determined by ultrasound-based 3D SWE. Prevalence differences were assessed using Pearson’s χ2 tests. Group differences in the SWV patterns were analysed using unpaired sample t tests. Correlations between SWV average and CV values were analysed by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results With proceeding adolescence, the prevalence of patellar tendon complaints significantly decreased from 29.8% at baseline assessment (13-16 years) to 12.7% at follow-up assessment (Pearson’s χ2 = 9.429; p = 0.002). Those skiers who were symptomatic at baseline but asymptomatic at the follow-up still had lower average SWV values and higher CVs than asymptomatic skiers with no history of patellar tendon complaints (p = 0.054 and p = 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the tendon SWV average values and their CVs (R = -0.55; p < 0.001). Discussion/Conclusion Despite the decreasing prevalence of patellar tendon complaints in youth competitive alpine skiers after their growth spurt, structural abnormalities appear to remain in asymptomatic subjects with a previous history of patellar tendinopathy, indicating potential long-term implications for mechanical tendon proprieties. The SWV average and CV values were negatively correlated, which underlines our hypothesis that a low SWV is associated with a high CV. This altogether may reflect the degenerative processes in patellar tendons affected by complaints in the early stages of a sports career. References Fröhlich, S., Peterhans, L., Stern, C., Frey, W. O., Sutter, R., & Spörri, J. (2020). Remarkably high prevalence of overuse-related knee complaints and MRI abnormalities in youth competitive alpine skiers: A descriptive investigation in 108 athletes aged 13-15 years. BMJ Open Sport & Exercice Medicine, 6(1), Aticle e0007
引言 髌骨肌腱病是青少年运动员的常见病，在高山滑雪竞技运动员中尤为突出（Fröhlich 等人，2020 年）。腱鞘病变的特点是病程长，能否完全治愈是一个未决问题（Kettunen 等人，2002 年）。三维（3D）剪切波弹性成像（SWE）已被证明对肌腱病的早期检测很有价值（Götschi 等人，2023 年）。本研究的目的是：(1) 描述青少年时期高山滑雪竞技运动员髌骨肌腱病变的纵向发展过程；(2) 比较四年前有症状的滑雪运动员和无髌骨肌腱病史的滑雪运动员的剪切波速度模式；(3) 分析剪切波速度 (SWV) 平均值是否与剪切波速度变异系数 (CV) 相关。方法 在这项为期 4 年的跟踪研究中，对 47 名受试者的髌腱不适症状和 SWV 模式进行了分析。有症状和无症状的滑雪者是通过临床检查确定的，检查标准包括负重时的疼痛感觉和触诊引起的疼痛。SWV通过基于超声波的三维SWE测定。患病率差异采用 Pearson's χ2 检验进行评估。采用非配对样本 t 检验分析 SWV 模式的组间差异。采用皮尔逊相关系数分析 SWV 平均值与 CV 值之间的相关性。结果 随着青春期的到来，髌腱不适的发生率从基线评估（13-16 岁）时的 29.8%显著下降到随访评估时的 12.7%（Pearson's χ2 = 9.429; p = 0.002）。与没有髌腱病史的无症状滑雪者相比，基线时有症状但随访时无症状的滑雪者的平均 SWV 值和 CV 值仍然较低（分别为 p = 0.054 和 p = 0.011）。此外，肌腱 SWV 平均值与 CV 之间存在明显的负相关（R = -0.55；p < 0.001）。讨论/结论 尽管青少年高山滑雪竞技运动员的髌骨肌腱病症发生率在其生长高峰期后有所下降，但在曾有过髌骨肌腱病史的无症状受试者中似乎仍存在结构异常，这表明对机械肌腱本体有潜在的长期影响。SWV 平均值和 CV 值呈负相关，这强调了我们的假设，即低 SWV 值与高 CV 值相关。这可能反映了髌骨肌腱的退行性过程，这些退行性过程在运动生涯的早期阶段会受到投诉的影响。参考文献 Fröhlich, S., Peterhans, L., Stern, C., Frey, W. O., Sutter, R., & Spörri, J. (2020)。青少年高山滑雪竞技运动员与过度使用相关的膝关节不适和核磁共振成像异常的显著高发率：对 108 名 13-15 岁运动员的描述性调查。https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000738 Götschi, T., Franchi, M. V., Schulz, N., Fröhlich, S., Frey, W. O., Snedeker, J. G., & Spörri, J. (2023)。青少年高山滑雪竞技运动员髌骨肌腱不适的区域三维剪切波速度模式改变--前瞻性病例对照研究》。https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2088404 Kettunen, J. A., Kvist, M., Alanen, E., & Kujala, U. M. (2002)。男性运动员跳远膝的长期预后。前瞻性随访研究。美国运动医学杂志》，30（5），689-692。https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300051001。
{"title":"Patellar tendon complaints and shear wave velocity patterns in maturing alpine skiers","authors":"J. Hanimann, Daniel P. Fitze, T. Götschi, Melanie Gloor, E.D. de Bruin, Katrien De Bock, Reto Sutter, Jörg Spörri","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss046","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Patellar tendinopathy is frequent in adolescent athletes and particularly accentuated in competitive alpine skiers (Fröhlich et al., 2020). Tendinopathies are characterized by long disease histories, and whether they can be healed completely is an open question (Kettunen et al., 2002). Three-dimensional (3D) shear wave elastography (SWE) has proven valuable in the early detection of tendinopathies (Götschi et al., 2023). The aims of this study were to (1) describe the longitudinal progression of patellar tendon complaint prevalence in competitive alpine skiers during adolescence, (2) compare the SWV patterns of skiers that were symptomatic four years ago with those with no history of patellar tendon complaints and (3) analyse whether shear wave velocity (SWV) average values correlate with SWV coefficient of variation (CV). \u0000Methods \u0000Forty-seven subjects were analysed in this 4-year follow-up study regarding their patellar tendon complaints and SWV patterns. Symptomatic and asymptomatic skiers were identified by clinical examinations including the criteria of pain sensation under loading and palpation-induced pain. SWV was determined by ultrasound-based 3D SWE. Prevalence differences were assessed using Pearson’s χ2 tests. Group differences in the SWV patterns were analysed using unpaired sample t tests. Correlations between SWV average and CV values were analysed by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. \u0000Results \u0000With proceeding adolescence, the prevalence of patellar tendon complaints significantly decreased from 29.8% at baseline assessment (13-16 years) to 12.7% at follow-up assessment (Pearson’s χ2 = 9.429; p = 0.002). Those skiers who were symptomatic at baseline but asymptomatic at the follow-up still had lower average SWV values and higher CVs than asymptomatic skiers with no history of patellar tendon complaints (p = 0.054 and p = 0.011, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the tendon SWV average values and their CVs (R = -0.55; p < 0.001). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000Despite the decreasing prevalence of patellar tendon complaints in youth competitive alpine skiers after their growth spurt, structural abnormalities appear to remain in asymptomatic subjects with a previous history of patellar tendinopathy, indicating potential long-term implications for mechanical tendon proprieties. The SWV average and CV values were negatively correlated, which underlines our hypothesis that a low SWV is associated with a high CV. This altogether may reflect the degenerative processes in patellar tendons affected by complaints in the early stages of a sports career. \u0000References \u0000Fröhlich, S., Peterhans, L., Stern, C., Frey, W. O., Sutter, R., & Spörri, J. (2020). Remarkably high prevalence of overuse-related knee complaints and MRI abnormalities in youth competitive alpine skiers: A descriptive investigation in 108 athletes aged 13-15 years. BMJ Open Sport & Exercice Medicine, 6(1), Aticle e0007","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selin Scherrer, Sven Egger, Xinyu Liu, Anna Wick, Lijing Xin, B. Lauber, Wolfgang Taube
Introduction Around half of adults over the age of 60 experience sleep problems (Reid et al., 2006). The most common treatments for sleep disorders like insomnia are pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Unfortunately, pharmacotherapy often leads to increased mortality and fall rates in older adults, whereas cognitive behavioural therapy is expensive and difficult to access (Patel et al., 2018). Hence, there is an urgent need for new effective and affordable treatments with reduced negative side effects. An important role for the initiation and maintenance of sleep is attributed to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition (Saper et al., 2005). On one hand, it has been shown that GABA-mediated inhibition as well as GABA concentrations are lower in older compared to younger adults (Cuypers et al., 2018). On the other hand, balance training was shown to increase GABA-mediated inhibition in young (Taube et al., 2020) and older adults (Kuhn et al., 2023). Therefore, balance learning seems to be a promising treatment for older adults suffering from sleep problems. Furthermore, balance learning was shown to enhance functional connectivity (Ueta et al., 2022). In particular, functional connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex has been associated with better subjective sleep quality (Jiang et al., 2023). Therefore, we hypothesized that balance learning in older adults improves subjective sleep quality through an increase in GABA-mediated inhibition and sensorimotor network functional connectivity. Methods Forty healthy volunteers aged 64-81 years were randomly assigned to either follow a three-month balance learning intervention (minimum of 30 training sessions) or to continue with their daily routines. Thirty-six participants (18 in intervention group, 18 in control group) completed pre and post measurements and were included in the analysis. Before and after the three-month period, subjective sleep quality, balance performance, and neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters were assessed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) was employed to evaluate subjective sleep quality in the preceding four weeks. Balance performance was assessed by determining the sway area in cm2 during a twenty second balance task on the most difficult wobble board level the participant still succeeded at. Short- interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), a measure of the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the motor cortex, was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulations while the participants were balancing on the same wobble board as during the balance performance assessment, and during an afternoon nap. Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The PSQI total scores were not normally distributed and therefore square root- transformed prior to the statistical analysis. Differences between post measurements were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with
{"title":"Improved subjective sleep quality after three months of balance learning in older adults","authors":"Selin Scherrer, Sven Egger, Xinyu Liu, Anna Wick, Lijing Xin, B. Lauber, Wolfgang Taube","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss024","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Around half of adults over the age of 60 experience sleep problems (Reid et al., 2006). The most common treatments for sleep disorders like insomnia are pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Unfortunately, pharmacotherapy often leads to increased mortality and fall rates in older adults, whereas cognitive behavioural therapy is expensive and difficult to access (Patel et al., 2018). Hence, there is an urgent need for new effective and affordable treatments with reduced negative side effects. An important role for the initiation and maintenance of sleep is attributed to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition (Saper et al., 2005). On one hand, it has been shown that GABA-mediated inhibition as well as GABA concentrations are lower in older compared to younger adults (Cuypers et al., 2018). On the other hand, balance training was shown to increase GABA-mediated inhibition in young (Taube et al., 2020) and older adults (Kuhn et al., 2023). Therefore, balance learning seems to be a promising treatment for older adults suffering from sleep problems. Furthermore, balance learning was shown to enhance functional connectivity (Ueta et al., 2022). In particular, functional connectivity in the sensorimotor cortex has been associated with better subjective sleep quality (Jiang et al., 2023). Therefore, we hypothesized that balance learning in older adults improves subjective sleep quality through an increase in GABA-mediated inhibition and sensorimotor network functional connectivity. \u0000Methods \u0000Forty healthy volunteers aged 64-81 years were randomly assigned to either follow a three-month balance learning intervention (minimum of 30 training sessions) or to continue with their daily routines. Thirty-six participants (18 in intervention group, 18 in control group) completed pre and post measurements and were included in the analysis. Before and after the three-month period, subjective sleep quality, balance performance, and neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters were assessed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) was employed to evaluate subjective sleep quality in the preceding four weeks. Balance performance was assessed by determining the sway area in cm2 during a twenty second balance task on the most difficult wobble board level the participant still succeeded at. Short- interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), a measure of the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the motor cortex, was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulations while the participants were balancing on the same wobble board as during the balance performance assessment, and during an afternoon nap. Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The PSQI total scores were not normally distributed and therefore square root- transformed prior to the statistical analysis. Differences between post measurements were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"479 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Learning of an isometric ballistic force task (BT) can be impaired if it is followed by the learning of a visuomotor accuracy task (VMT) involving isometric contractions of the same muscles (Lundbye-Jensen et al., 2011). This phenomenon, known as retrograde interference, is thought to occur because the memory trace created after learning the BT is affected by the activation of similar neural circuits involved in the VMT (Lundbye-Jensen et al., 2011). However, it remains unclear how the contraction type involved in the two motor tasks influences potential interference effects. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the influence of a VMT involving dynamic position control or isometric force control on short-term retrograde interference in a previously learned isometric BT involving the same muscles. Methods 45 participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. Participants started by learning an isometric BT involving the wrist flexors of the non-dominant hand. Participants in the first two groups then learned a VMT involving dynamic (VMTDynamic group) or isometric (VMTIsometric group) contractions of the same muscles, while participants in the third group took a break (control group). Finally, participants completed the BT retention test. Each BT training consisted of 35 trials in which participants were asked to achieve the highest rate of force development (RFDmax). The VMT training consisted of 50 trials in which participants were asked to follow a curve with a cursor. Position of the cursor was linked to the wrist flexion/extension angle (VMTDynamic) or the isometric force produced (VMTIsometric). Interference was quantified by comparing RFDmax between the end of the initial training (POST) and the start of the retention test (RET). Results A mixed design ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect (F(2, 40) = 3.87, p = 0.029). Post hoc corrected paired t-tests showed a significant decrease in RFDmax for the VMTIsometric group between POST (2,524 ± 1,144 N/s) and RET (1,960 ± 921 N/s). In contrast, performance of the other two groups did not change (VMTDynamic group: 2,679 ± 1,321 vs. 2,499 ± 1,278 N/s; control group: 2,489 ± 1,005 vs. 2,334 ± 1,013 N/s). Discussion/Conclusion Interference was only observed in the VMTIsometric group, suggesting that the same type of contraction must be involved in the VMT and BT for short-term retrograde interference to occur. It is known that the neural control of isometric contractions is different from dynamic contractions (Duchateau & Enoka, 2016). It can therefore be speculated that the resulting reduction in neural competition between the motor tasks was sufficient to prevent interference in the VMTDynamic group. In conclusion, for retrograde interference to occur, not only must the same muscles be involved in both motor tasks, but they must also perform the same type of contraction. References Duchateau, J., & Enoka, R. M. (2016). Neural control of lengthening contractions
{"title":"Short-term interference in learning ballistic motor tasks: Refining the notion of specificity","authors":"Matteo Bugnon, J. Ruffieux, Wolfgang Taube","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss034","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Learning of an isometric ballistic force task (BT) can be impaired if it is followed by the learning of a visuomotor accuracy task (VMT) involving isometric contractions of the same muscles (Lundbye-Jensen et al., 2011). This phenomenon, known as retrograde interference, is thought to occur because the memory trace created after learning the BT is affected by the activation of similar neural circuits involved in the VMT (Lundbye-Jensen et al., 2011). However, it remains unclear how the contraction type involved in the two motor tasks influences potential interference effects. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the influence of a VMT involving dynamic position control or isometric force control on short-term retrograde interference in a previously learned isometric BT involving the same muscles.\u0000Methods\u000045 participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups. Participants started by learning an isometric BT involving the wrist flexors of the non-dominant hand. Participants in the first two groups then learned a VMT involving dynamic (VMTDynamic group) or isometric (VMTIsometric group) contractions of the same muscles, while participants in the third group took a break (control group). Finally, participants completed the BT retention test. Each BT training consisted of 35 trials in which participants were asked to achieve the highest rate of force development (RFDmax). The VMT training consisted of 50 trials in which participants were asked to follow a curve with a cursor. Position of the cursor was linked to the wrist flexion/extension angle (VMTDynamic) or the isometric force produced (VMTIsometric). Interference was quantified by comparing RFDmax between the end of the initial training (POST) and the start of the retention test (RET).\u0000Results\u0000A mixed design ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect (F(2, 40) = 3.87, p = 0.029). Post hoc corrected paired t-tests showed a significant decrease in RFDmax for the VMTIsometric group between POST (2,524 ± 1,144 N/s) and RET (1,960 ± 921 N/s). In contrast, performance of the other two groups did not change (VMTDynamic group: 2,679 ± 1,321 vs. 2,499 ± 1,278 N/s; control group: 2,489 ± 1,005 vs. 2,334 ± 1,013 N/s).\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Interference was only observed in the VMTIsometric group, suggesting that the same type of contraction must be involved in the VMT and BT for short-term retrograde interference to occur. It is known that the neural control of isometric contractions is different from dynamic contractions (Duchateau & Enoka, 2016). It can therefore be speculated that the resulting reduction in neural competition between the motor tasks was sufficient to prevent interference in the VMTDynamic group. In conclusion, for retrograde interference to occur, not only must the same muscles be involved in both motor tasks, but they must also perform the same type of contraction.\u0000References\u0000Duchateau, J., & Enoka, R. M. (2016). Neural control of lengthening contractions","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"478 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：