Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)最新文献

{"title":"Mental health and substance use among elite para-athletes: An cross-sectional survey","authors":"Tiffany Hartmann, N. Kiselev, M. Claussen, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Andreas Heiniger, Ceren Acarturk, C. Kreinbucher-Bekerle, M. Schaub","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss0116","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The scientific studies on the mental health and substance use among elite para-athletes are rare (Lardi et al., in preparation; Lüdi et al., 2023). However, the shows similarities as well as differences to the regular elite athletes’ populations (Rice et al., 2016; Swartz et al., 2019). The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and substance use of para-athletes (PAs) from their perspective, in order to gain an overview of the situation in elite para-sport and to potentially create a basis for prevention campaigns and, if necessary, interventions.\u0000Methodology\u0000An online survey (SoSciSurvey) was used to create a questionnaire, which was translated into eight languages to reach PAs internationally. In addition to socio-demographic and sports-specific (Para-Sport, PS) variables, psychological and physical factors, as well as substance use, were assessed using standardized instruments.\u0000Results\u0000(CAVE: at the time at submission preliminary since the survey ends by the end of November/The final results will be presented at the congress): The PAs (N = 82) showed different prevalences regarding mental disorders compared to data from the general population and regular elite athletes, with disorder-specific deviations. There were significant gender differences in psychological distress (K-10, p < .001), depression severity (PHQ-9, p < .001), and anxiety severity (GAD-7, p < .001). The majority of PAs reported good or very good mental (69.51%) and physical (64.63%) health, and these results significantly correlated (p < .001) with a strong effect size. PAs were more likely to disclose and seek support in professional than in private settings. 51.22% of the PAs felt disadvantaged in everyday life, and in PS, it was 29.27%. The BA and K-10 did not correlate significantly (p > .05), but there was a significant correlation (p < .001) between discrimination in PS and the K-10. The results of discrimination in everyday life and in PS both significantly correlated with the WHODAS-12 (p < .01, and p < .001), with a weak and moderate effect size, respectively. Regarding substance use, 41.46% of PAs reported alcohol, 7.32% nicotine, and 8.54% cannabis use. The AUDIT-C did not significantly correlate with the K-10 or the WHODAS-12 (p > .05), and there was no significant gender difference (AUDIT-C, p > .05).\u0000Conclusions\u0000Based on the results, prevention should occur in the disorder-specific area and refer to the professional services, social support, focusing more on discrimination, and include substance use (alcohol and cannabis). It is important to consider that PAs are a vulnerable population and research gaps still exist.\u0000References\u0000Lardi, M., Kiselev, N., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Heiniger, A., & Schaub, M. (in preparation). Unveiling the shadows - Substance use among para-athletes: A qualitative study with Swiss elite para-athletes.\u0000Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., Kleim, B., & Kiselev, N. (","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"95 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning in life of elite athletes: A person-oriented study","authors":"M. J. Schmid, Violetta Oblinger-Peters, Merlin Örencik, Helena Hlasová, Juerg Schmid, A. Conzelmann, Noora J. Ronkainen","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The concept of meaning in life has gained significant attention in psychology research in recent years due to its correlational relationship with physical and mental well-being (i.e., objective and subjective health measures, e.g., Steger, 2012). While recent attention has been directed toward this concept in sport psychology using qualitative research methods (e.g., Ronkainen et al., 2015), quantitative investigations into the specific sources of meaning engaged by athletes are notably scarce. This study (1) compares athletes with the general population and (2) employs a person-oriented approach to identify distinct profiles of athletes’ meaning in life and the sources they predominantly tap into.\u0000Methods\u0000A sample of 589 elite athletes from Switzerland (50.9% women, 49.1% men; Mage = 24.86 years, SD = 5.09) participated in this study. Utilizing the Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS; Schnell & Danbolt, 2023), participants also provided contextual information about their life situations. The athletes were compared with the general population using t-tests. To identify profiles within the athlete population, we employed a latent profile analysis.\u0000Results\u0000Compared to the general population, athletes exhibit heightened meaningfulness and lower crisis of meaning and prioritise different sources of meaning. Athletes were higher in Growth and Community and lower in Faith, Sustainability and Security. The analysis yielded a three-profile solution based on theoretical considerations and statistical criteria: (1) athletes with below-average meaning in life and sources (n = 127), (2) athletes with above-average meaning in life and faith (n = 109), (3) athletes with above-average meaning in life with balanced sources (n = 353). Athletes in profiles 2 and 3 were characterized by elevated levels of meaningfulness and sources of meaning, and demonstrated greater life satisfaction and self-esteem, relative to the profile with below-average meaning in life and sources.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000The identified relationships with key mental health constructs align with qualitative findings emphasizing the centrality of meaningfulness in athletes’ lives. On a nomothetic level, elite athletes indicate a high degree of meaningfulness (compared to the population), however, there is a high degree of heterogeneity within the sample, which is why group-specific analysis (i.e., LPA) could help understanding meaning and its sources in elite athletes. In the future this approach could be useful to tailor programs aimed at cultivating meaning in life of elite athletes.\u0000References\u0000Ronkainen,  N.  J., Tikkanen,  O., Littlewood,  M., & Nesti,  M.  S. (2015). An existential perspective on meaning, spirituality and authenticity in athletic careers. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2014.926970\u0000Schnell,  T., & Danbolt,  L.  J. (2023). The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS): Development and multi-study validati","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"99 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle activity and kinematics during three hamstring strengthening exercises compared to sprinting: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Adelso Jorge, Eric Lichtenstein, Oliver Faude, Ralf Roth","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss053","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Sprinting is a crucial task in many sports and remains the major activity during which hamstring muscle injuries occur (Schache et al., 2012). Though the biceps femoris long head predominantly gets injured (Grange et al., 2023), hamstring strengthening exercises frequently seem to activate the semitendinosus more effectively (Bourne et al., 2017). A better understanding of how joint dominance influences activation levels of hamstring muscles may offer more clarity on the appropriate exercise selection in strengthening programs. \u0000Purpose \u0000This study compared 3 hip-dominant hamstring exercises (the rocker, perpetuum mobile fast and slow; PMfast and PMslow) and the Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) on their potential to simulate sprint-like activity and kinematics. \u0000Methods \u0000Muscle activity of the posterior kinetic chain (mm. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus and gastrocnemius medialis) was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) during every exercise and treadmill running at 75% of the individual maximal sprint velocity in 8 male athletes (age: 24.0 years ± SD 2.9; body mass: 76.8 kg ± 7.7; height: 1.79 m ± 0.08). sEMG data was normalized to maximal sprinting. 3D-motion capture was employed to assess hip and knee angles. \u0000Results \u0000This study revealed higher activity of the hamstrings for the explosive exercises ranging from 63.9% [95%CI: 56.3-71.5%] (rocker) to 49.0% [95%CI: 40.4-57.6%] (PMfast) vs. 34.0% [95%CI: 29.1-38.9%] (NHE) to 32.1% [95%CI: 26.9-37.3%] (PMslow). The rocker especially showed highest hamstring and m. gluteus maximus activity. M. biceps femoris consistently showed higher activity than m. semitendinosus across all exercises in peak (mean difference: 0.16, [95%CI: 0.07-0.26]) and average (mean difference: 0.06, [95%CI: 0.01-0.11]) activity. PMfast, PMslow and NHE demonstrated lower hip flexion angle of peak hamstring activity than the rocker and high-speed running and every exercise showed lower hamstring elongation stress than during high-speed running. \u0000Discussion \u0000Hamstring activity is comparable to high-intensity treadmill running for NHE and PMslow, and higher for the rocker and PMfast. M. gluteus maximus activity varied, with the rocker and PMfast showing higher activity than in sprinting. All examined exercises demonstrated their peak activity at short hamstring muscle length. \u0000What this study adds to the existing knowledge \u0000This study generated first data on sprint-specificity of two not yet investigated versions of a unilateral hip thrust. Similar or higher activity than during sprinting and BFlh selectivity was reached through explosive, closed kinetic chain, hip-dominant movement. \u0000References \u0000Bourne, M. N., Williams, M. D., Opar, D. A., Al Najjar, A., Kerr, G. K., & Shield, A. J. (2017). Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(13), 1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095739 \u0000Grange, S., Reurink, G., Nguyen, A. Q., Ri","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of optical wavelength on the reliability of photoplethysmography-based heart rate measurements outside of controlled laboratory environments","authors":"Manuel Meier, Christian Holz","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss060","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000The effectiveness of heart rate (HR) measurements via photoplethysmography (PPG) depends on the wavelength of light used. Typical PPG sensors use green, red, or infrared light, each penetrating the skin to different depths (Ray et al., 2021). Here, we present a comparative analysis of the reliability of HR measurements using these wavelengths. \u0000Methods \u0000Our study collected a dataset of 16 participants, each wearing four PPG sensing devices placed at the forehead, sternum, ankle (supramalleolar), and wrist. Each device continuously recorded reflective PPG signals, whereas the device at the sternum additionally captured the Lead I ECG for reference. During the 13 hours of capture, participants went on an outdoor trip from downtown Zurich to the Jungfraujoch railway station at 3,460 m above sea level in the mountains. PPG measurements were obtained using a state-of-the-art MAX86141 optical analog front-end (AFE) coupled with an illumination module of red, green, and infrared LEDs (SFH7072), along with two photodiodes. The ECG recording was resolved by a biopotential AFE (MAX30003), affixed on the chest with gel electrodes. All devices were synchronized by aligning recorded signals post-hoc (33ms accuracy, Meier & Holz, 2023). The HR was extracted from the ECG via time-domain peak detection and a quotient filter. HR was separately derived from each PPG signal, both by time-domain peak detection and frequency-domain analysis. The HR was computed every 5 seconds for a window of 30 seconds. For comparing wavelengths, measurements were considered if at least one wavelength yielded HR with less than 10% error which corresponds to 95,000 HR measurements across the whole dataset. \u0000Results \u0000HR derived from green PPG was most accurate (median error of 3.8%), followed by infrared (7.2%) and red PPG (9.1%). Given participants activity and movement throughout the 13 hours of capture, calculating HR from green PPG was most accurate 64.2% of the time compared to infrared (21.8%) and red PPG (15.2%). The latter cases, infrared and red PPG resulting in more accurate HR, occurred during periods of moderate and high motion. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The results indicate that wearable sensors that derive HR from green light PPG can improve their calculations by incorporating additional wavelengths. Since HR based on green light PPG is accurate at rest, PPG using infrared and red would be most beneficial during periods of moderate and increased motion. This finding demonstrates the suitability of infrared and red PPG beyond pulse oxygenation measurements (SpO2). Future work should investigate methods to optimally combine multi-wavelength PPG into a single HR calculation. \u0000References \u0000Meier, M., & Holz, C. (2023). BMAR: Barometric and Motion-based Alignment and Refinement for offline signal synchronization across devices. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 7(2), Article 69. https://doi.org/10.1145/3596268 \u0000Ray","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"159 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on meaning in qualitative research","authors":"Noora J. Ronkainen, Michael McDougall","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss001","url":null,"abstract":"A characterising trait of qualitative research, as opposed to quantitative research, is its assumed focus on meaning. For example, Smith and Sparkes (2016, p. 2) suggested that “To interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them, qualitative researchers draw on a variety of empirical materials”. Although there might be an intuitive understanding of what “meaning” means, different traditions of qualitative research have unique ways of conceptualising where meaning is located and how it might best be studied. In this presentation, we will explore three qualitative traditions – phenomenology, narrative inquiry and cultural analysis – to explicate these different assumptions and how they influence the qualitative research process. Firstly, we will focus on phenomenological approaches to qualitative research which often emphasise the lived, pre-verbal experience of meaning before it is crystallised into words. From this perspective, the challenge for the qualitative research is to help the participants to explicate meanings of their experience through careful questioning. Secondly, we explore narrative approaches that consider meaning as created through storytelling and co-constructed with the researcher with particular audiences in mind. From this perspective, meaning is personal, but constructed from the cultural building blocks of example stories that are available to the storyteller. Finally, in cultural analysis, the focus is not on personal meaning, but rather the culturally shared webs of significance that make meaningful actions possible for cultural insiders. We conclude that explicating the types of assumptions that researchers draw on in the study of meaning can enhance the quality of qualitative research, and that the diverse perspectives often lead to complementary, enriching understandings of meaning in the world of sport and physical culture.\u0000References\u0000Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (Eds.). (2016). Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise. Routledge.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"29 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between aerobic exercise, muscle strength training and the prevalence of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury","authors":"Wiebe H. K. De Vries, U. Arnet, Franziska Bossuyt, Sonja de Groot, I. Eriks-Hoogland, Claudio Perret","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss037","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000The primary objective of this study is to explore associations between meeting spinal cord injury (SCI)-specific exercise guidelines and the prevalence of shoulder pain in manual wheelchair users (MWU) with SCI in Switzerland. The rationale behind this investigation lies in the high prevalence of shoulder pain among MWU with SCI, impacting their daily activities, leisure- and labor participation, and overall quality of life. Understanding the association between exercise adherence and shoulder pain is crucial, not only for the well-being of the individuals but also for managing healthcare costs associated with pain treatments. \u0000Methods \u0000The study utilizes data from the SwiSCI Community Survey 2022 (Gross-Hemmi et al., 2021), focusing on a cohort of 593 manual wheelchair users (MWU) for a cross-sectional analysis, investigating the reporting of shoulder pain, and adherence to SCI-specific exercise guidelines (Martin Ginis et al., 2018). The guidelines, proposed by Martin-Ginis et al. (2018), encompass aerobic exercise and muscle-specific strength training. Logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the association of meeting these guidelines and the prevalence of shoulder pain, while considering potential confounding factors. \u0000Results \u0000High prevalence of shoulder pain was observed, affecting 40% of the MWU surveyed, which is in line with previous observations. Additionally, the study found that a significant proportion of the population did not meet the recommended guidelines for aerobic exercise (46%) and muscle strength training (64%). Logistic regression analyses showed that non-adherence to aerobic exercise guidelines was associated with 1.55 to 1.97 higher odds of reporting shoulder pain. No association of muscle strength training with the shoulder pain could be found. Therefore, meeting both aerobic and muscle strength guidelines did not yield any association with shoulder pain. Adjustments for potential confounders such as sex, age, lesion level, completeness, time since injury, and mobility scores, did not change the association between adherence to guidelines and shoulder pain. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The prevalence of shoulder pain in the study sample is high (40%) and in line with previous publications. Compared to 75% of the Swiss general population being physical active for more than 2.5 hour a week (Bundesamt für Statistik, 2019), only 54% of the study sample is meeting the guidelines for at least the “Starter level” on aerobic exercise (cardiorespiratory, ≥ 2x 20 min/week). Those who are not meeting the aerobic exercise guidelines have 1.55 to 1.97 higher odds to have shoulder pain. Despite foreseen shoulder fitness benefit, 64% is not meeting the guidelines on muscle strength training. To further examine the relation between shoulder use, -exercise and shoulder pain, longitudinal studies on dose-effect are needed. \u0000References \u0000Gross-Hemmi, M. H., Gemperli, A., Fekete, C., Brach, M., Schwegler, U., & Stucki, ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral physical activity counselling to promote an active healthy lifestyle among adolescent psychiatric outpatients. The TRANSPAC-study","authors":"C. Lang, Anne Bik, Alexandre N. Datta, M. Brotzmann, Leila Tarokh, M. Gerber","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss057","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Mental health disorders are one of the main reasons for disability in adolescents worldwide (Dahl et al., 2018). Sleep disturbances are an important contributor to a vicious cycle of increased vulnerability during this developmental period. Interventions that improve sleep are suggested to improve psychosocial outcomes. One such intervention may be physical activity (PA), with a beneficial effect on both sleep and mental health. Yet, PA levels are declining during adolescent years, with even higher inactivity levels for individuals with psychiatric disorders. Guidance on how to address PA counselling (PAC) among psychiatric adolescents in routine clinical practice has the potential to improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes. \u0000Methods \u0000During this ongoing randomized waitlist controlled trial, 18 adolescent psychiatric outpatients have been recruited from local clinics and private practices. Those who met inclusion criteria were aged 12 to 18 years, suffered from sleep problems, and had at least one additional mental health diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included organic sleep and brain disorders and changes in medication. At baseline, participants completed questionnaires related to sleep and psychopathology. For the next seven days, participants wore an Actigraph to track PA and sleep patterns. Participants were serially randomized into two groups after baseline: PAC or Treatment as usual (TAU). At 3-month follow-up, all tests were repeated. Additionally, a semi structured interview was conducted with intervention participants. To assess intervention effects, mixed model ANOVAs were conducted for PA, psychopathology, and composite sleep health. \u0000The 6-session intervention builds on previous standardized and theory-based PAC programs (Gerber et al., 2019). \u0000Results \u0000By 2023, follow-up data were available from 12 participants (Mage 15.33 yrs; 75% females). Preliminary data show a significant trend for increased PA on school days, and composite sleep health (p = .07). Yet, compliance of Actigraph wear time was low. No changes were observed for psychopathology. The post-intervention interview revealed positive experiences. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The preliminary data show the feasibility of the intervention. It is likely that improvements in PA and sleep patterns must first stabilize before they can have a meaningful impact on psychopathology. However, more data is needed to confirm the results. The interviews revealed that the content and mode of delivery were generally accepted. Considering the many other obligations adolescents face in their everyday lives, including homework and psychotherapy, the combination of online and face-to-face sessions was well received. Because of the low compliance rate of Actigraph wear time, alternative devices should be considered for this population. \u0000References \u0000Dahl, R. E., Allen, N. B., Wilbrecht, L., & Suleiman, A. B. (2018). Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science pe","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"36 144","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there specific molecular adaptations of skeletal muscle to repeated sprint training in hypoxia?","authors":"Clément Lanfranchi, Sarah Willis, Bengt Kayser, Nicolas Place, Grégoire P. Millet, Nadège Zanou","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss056","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Athletes increasingly engage in repeated sprint training that consists of repeated short all-out effort (< 10 s) interspersed by short recoveries (< 60 s). When performed in hypoxia (repeated sprints in hypoxia, RSH), it may lead to greater training effect than in normoxia (RSN). However, the mechanisms underlying this superior training effect of RSH are unclear. Specifically, the role of muscle metabolic response to RSH is still debated and results are heterogeneous. Clarifying the molecular pathways of skeletal muscle adaptations to RSH may thus provide new insights into the role of hypoxia-induced response to training. \u0000Methods \u0000Two groups of healthy young men (randomized) performed three training sessions/week for three weeks. Each training session consisted in six series of six sprints (6 s effort/24 s rest) in either normoxia (RSN, n = 7) or normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = ~13%, RSH, n = 9). Before and after the training period, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and a Wingate test were performed. Metabolic muscle adaptations were studied with proteomics and western blotting. \u0000Results \u0000RSN and RSH similarly improved power output (p < 0.05) during the RSA test (RSN: + 7.2 ± 7.7% vs. RSH: + 7.9 ± 6.6%) and the Wingate test (RSN: + 1.3 ± 3.6% vs. RSH: + 4.4 ± 5.0%). Proteomics revealed a decrease in several processes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, confirmed by Western Blot with a reduction (p < 0.05) in complexes I (- 19 ± 30%) and V (- 15 ± 24%) protein levels in response to both RSN and RSH. RSN and RSH increased (p < 0.05) protein levels of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α, + 111 ± 50%) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa, + 91 ± 60%). Protein levels of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase II increased (+ 119 ± 183%, p < 0.05) after both training types. Only RSH induced increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4, + 31 ± 18%, p < 0.05) protein level, suggesting specific glycolytic adaptations in response to hypoxia, supported by proteomics data. This specific adaptation may be triggered through the signaling of S100A protein family as we observed an increased S100A13 protein level (+ 467 ± 353%, p < 0.05) and Akt phosphorylation (+ 21 ± 21%, time x group interaction, p < 0.05) as well as several other S100A proteins in proteomics only after RSH training. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000To conclude, RSH did not exhibit in greater performance improvement compared to RSN. However, it further improved the glycolytic phenotype compared to RSN, possibly through specific S100A13 proteins signaling. Thus, we suggest that the reported superiority of RSH to RSN in the literature may stem from superior glycolytic adaptations triggered through the activation of a specific pathway involving S100A13 protein. The potential role of S100A13 protein in skeletal muscle adaptative responses to exercise is novel and the present results open new research perspectives in this field.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"70 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity counseling within the «KiKli Fit»-project: Development and first implementation","authors":"Julia Schmid, B. Schmidli, Lisa Hillebrecht, C. Schindera, N. X. von der Weid, Eva Katharina Brack, V. Benzing","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Increasing physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents with cancer holds promise for enhancing outcomes both during treatment and into survivorship (Stout et al., 2017). Despite this potential, the promotion of PA within Swiss pediatric oncology units remains largely overlooked. To address this gap, the “KiKli Fit” project has been initiated. This program features personalized training sessions during acute care, accompanied by PA counseling during the transition to the post-acute phase. Importantly, it engages not only the patients but also their families, since they play a crucial role in shaping youth’s PA behavior (Cheung et al., 2021). The PA counseling is designed to enhance motivation, volition, enjoyment, family health-climate, and ultimately, foster an active lifestyle (Schorno et al., 2022). This study aims to outline the theoretical development of the counseling approach and present initial findings from its implementation.\u0000Methods\u0000We plan a two-arm multicenter crossover-controlled trial to investigate the effects of the whole PA program. The trial will compare the PA program (intervention group in Bern, n = 40) with standard treatment (control group in Basel, n = 40). Participants will be aged 6-18, newly diagnosed with cancer and undergoing neurotoxic treatment for at least six weeks. The PA counseling comprises four sessions involving the child or adolescent and their parents. These sessions cover various topics, including parental concerns about their child performing PA, individual preferences in exercise and sports, and ways to be physically active as a whole family. Motivational interviewing techniques are applied across all sessions. The study will start in early 2024. Outcomes will be measured three times (once at admission, after twelve weeks of intervention and for follow-up after six months).\u0000Discussion\u0000The “KiKli Fit”-project is a complex program that aims to promote PA in and after acute care by combining personalized training sessions with PA counseling. The scalability of the PA counseling is a key advantage, allowing it to reach a wide demographic, including those who have completed treatment. Fostering PA in young cancer patients seems to particularly important because it can set a foundation for a healthier lifestyle as they transition into adulthood.\u0000References\u0000Cheung, A. T., Li, W. H. C., Ho, L. L. K., Chan, G. C. F., & Chung, J. O. K. (2021). Parental perspectives on promoting physical activity for their children surviving cancer: A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(7), 1719-1725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.009\u0000Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., & Schmid, J. (2022). Effectiveness of individual exercise and sport counseling based on motives and goals: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 44(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018\u0000Stout, N. L., Baima, J., Swisher, A. K., Winters-Stone, K. M., & Welsh, J. (","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"91 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good governance principles: Snapshot of athletes’ and coaches’ commissions within their National Sports Federations in 2019","authors":"Andreas Ch. Weber, Salome Weber, Larssyn Staley","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss083","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Good governance principles of National Sports Federations (NSF) include the representation of athletes and coaches through commissions (PlayTheGame, n. d.). This representation has been an important issue in Switzerland since the “Magglingen Protocols” of October 2020, which outlined the abuses in Swiss women’s gymnastics. In response, Swiss Olympic and the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport have taken measures, including the representation of athletes and coaches within their NSFs. One year before the abuses became public, athletes, coaches and NSFs’ officials were surveyed regarding principles of good governance. The surveys comprised questions on their involvement in policy-making at national level and, in particular, the existence of an athletes’ and coaches’ commission within their NSFs. \u0000Methods \u0000Using the SPLISS model (Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporing Success) and respective surveys (De Bosscher et al., 2006), 1,450 athletes with a Swiss Olympic Card Gold, Silver, Bronze or Elite from 54 different sports, 734 coaches with a national coaching position and a professional coaching qualification and 122 officials from NSFs were surveyed via an online survey (Kempf et al., 2021). \u0000Results \u0000Around 990 athletes assessed their involvement in the development and evaluation of policy guidelines, of which 16% (n = 156) reported to be “very/sufficiently involved” in the development within their NSF, followed by 13% (n = 130) for Swiss Olympic and 10% (n = 99) in FOSPO respectively. Overall, 50% (n = 451 – 507) of athletes consider their involvement to be “insufficient/not at all” in all three organisations. The responses for the evaluation of policy guidelines were similar. Regarding the existence of an athlete’s commission within their NSF, 44% (n = 442) of athletes stated that there is one, while 35% (n = 351) did not know; respectively coaches for coaches’ commission: 30% (n = 129) and 25% (n = 108). Finally, 46% (n = 41) of officials stated that there was a coaches’ committee in their NSF and 30% (n = 25) for the athletes’ commissions respectively. \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000The results show that in 2019, an important number of athletes do not feel sufficiently involved in national level policy-making and that a significant number of athletes and coaches are not represented by a commission within their NSF. Meanwhile, the findings confirm the need for improved communication, particularly in relation to the existence of commissions. As posited by PlayTheGame (n. d.), clearly communicating the rights and responsibilities of commission members is needed to improve coaches and athletes’ involvement. Further research could make a comparison with the current situation and analyse the impact of the measures introduced by FOSPO and Swiss Olympic since 2020. \u0000References \u0000De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Van Bottenburg, M., & Shibli, S. (2006). A conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors le","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"25 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}