R. Schilling, R. Weibel, E. Giannouli, D. Infanger, A. Sofios, S. Gisler, C. Röcke, T. Rantanen, E. Portegijs, C. Schuster-Amft, A. Mai, A. Schmidt-Trucksäss, T. Hinrichs
Background Ample evidence supports the health benefits of low-intensity physical activity such as walking, which is universally accessible and impacted by neighbourhood environmental factors like green spaces and availability of local amenities. Aim The MOBITEC-Routes project will investigate the effects of an individualized GIS-based walking intervention on physical and psychosocial functioning in mobility-limited older adults. Methods A randomized controlled trial to promote habitual walking will take place. The sample will include 130 inactive, chronically ill, mobility-limited older adults. The intervention will combine professional consultations with map-based planning and behaviour change techniques derived from the Health Action Process Approach. Results Expected outcomes include increase in participants’ daily step count, physical activity levels, physical function, life space mobility, self-efficacy, social participation, and quality of life. Conclusion MOBITEC-Routes is poised to offer new insights into personalized GIS-based interventions’ effectiveness in improving mobility and overall well-being in older adults with mobility impairments.
{"title":"Increasing habitual walking in mobility-limited older adults through a personalized GIS-based intervention","authors":"R. Schilling, R. Weibel, E. Giannouli, D. Infanger, A. Sofios, S. Gisler, C. Röcke, T. Rantanen, E. Portegijs, C. Schuster-Amft, A. Mai, A. Schmidt-Trucksäss, T. Hinrichs","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss068","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Ample evidence supports the health benefits of low-intensity physical activity such as walking, which is universally accessible and impacted by neighbourhood environmental factors like green spaces and availability of local amenities. \u0000Aim \u0000The MOBITEC-Routes project will investigate the effects of an individualized GIS-based walking intervention on physical and psychosocial functioning in mobility-limited older adults. \u0000Methods \u0000A randomized controlled trial to promote habitual walking will take place. The sample will include 130 inactive, chronically ill, mobility-limited older adults. The intervention will combine professional consultations with map-based planning and behaviour change techniques derived from the Health Action Process Approach. \u0000Results \u0000Expected outcomes include increase in participants’ daily step count, physical activity levels, physical function, life space mobility, self-efficacy, social participation, and quality of life. \u0000Conclusion \u0000MOBITEC-Routes is poised to offer new insights into personalized GIS-based interventions’ effectiveness in improving mobility and overall well-being in older adults with mobility impairments.","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Buehrer, S. Rosenstiel, Gorden Sudeck, Julia Schmid
Introduction Interventions targeting physical inactive individuals have not yielded sufficient impact yet. This may be attributed to two reasons: Firstly, affective processes during physical activity (PA) are often inadequately acknowledged (e. g. shame, feeling bad; Hohberg et al. 2022). Secondly, individuals are often not empowered to PA that positively influences affective wellbeing and mental health (Sudeck & Pfeifer, 2016). The FEEL project addresses these two deficiencies by developing a program promoting pleasant experiences, affect regulation competence, wellbeing and consequently PA. The program is grounded in Ekkekakis et al.’s (2021) conceptual framework on affective exercise experiences and their antecedent appraisals. It consists of [a] an instructor workshop focused on creating an inclusive, socially supportive atmosphere. Additionally, the program features [b] group exercise sessions covering topics such as attentional focus, preferred intensity, and flexible goal setting. Experiential learning is employed during these sessions, encouraging participants to engage not only physically but also to reflect on and in action. Finally, the program incorporates [c] a PA counseling session, during which participants individual motives for exercise are assessed, and suitable activities are discussed (Schorno et al., 2022). Methods We plan a multicenter randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of the 6-8 week FEEL program. Inactive individuals (meeting less than 75% of recommended PA guidelines) in the age of 16 to 35 will take part in the study. Participants will be recruited via schools, universities, companies, and social work institutions. Around 300 people will be assigned to either the intervention or control group. The control group will undergo a standard fitness program (usual care). The primary outcomes positive affective exercise experiences, affect regulation competence, wellbeing and PA will be measured pre- (0 weeks), post-intervention (6 weeks) and at follow-up (12 weeks). After piloting the FEEL program in April 2024, the main study will start in fall 2024. Discussion This study explores the impact of a multifaceted intervention in a primary care context. It may provide valuable insights for effective considerations of affective processes and related competencies in PA programs. Should the FEEL program showcase positive effects, there may be interest in extending its implementation in diverse settings (e.g., rehabilitation). References Ekkekakis, P., Zenko, Z., & Vazou, S. (2021). Do you find exercise pleasant or unpleasant? The Affective Exercise Experiences (AFFEXX) questionnaire. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55, Article 101930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101930 Hohberg, V., Kreppke, J.‑N., Cody, R., Guthold, R., Woods, C., Brand, R., Dunton, G., Rothman, A., Ketelhut, S., & Nigg, C. (2022). What is needed to promote physical activity? Current Issues in Sport Science, 7, Article 005
导言 针对不爱运动者的干预措施尚未产生足够的效果。这可能有两个原因：首先，体育锻炼（PA）过程中的情感过程往往没有得到充分认识（如羞愧、感觉不好；Hohberg 等人，2022 年）。其次，个人往往没有能力进行对情感幸福和心理健康有积极影响的体育锻炼（Sudeck & Pfeifer, 2016）。FEEL 项目通过开发一项促进愉快体验、情感调节能力、幸福感并进而促进 PA 的计划，解决了这两方面的不足。该项目以 Ekkekakis 等人（2021 年）关于情感运动体验及其前因评估的概念框架为基础。该计划包括[a]一个侧重于营造包容、社会支持氛围的指导员工作坊。此外，该计划还包括[b]小组锻炼课程，涵盖注意力集中、偏好强度和灵活的目标设定等主题。在这些课程中采用了体验式学习，鼓励参与者不仅身体力行，而且在行动中进行反思。最后，该计划还包括[c]一个运动疗法咨询环节，在该环节中，将对参与者的个人运动动机进行评估，并讨论适合的活动（Schorno 等人，2022 年）。方法 我们计划开展一项多中心随机对照试验，调查为期 6-8 周的 FEEL 计划的影响。16 至 35 岁的非活跃人群（满足建议运动量准则的 75% 以下）将参与研究。参与者将通过学校、大学、公司和社会工作机构招募。约 300 人将被分配到干预组或对照组。对照组将接受标准的健身计划（常规护理）。主要结果将在干预前（0 周）、干预后（6 周）和后续（12 周）进行测量。在 2024 年 4 月试行 FEEL 计划后，主要研究将于 2024 年秋季开始。讨论 本研究探讨了在初级保健背景下进行多方面干预的影响。它可能会为在 PA 课程中有效考虑情感过程和相关能力提供有价值的见解。如果 FEEL 计划显示出积极的效果，可能会有兴趣将其推广到不同的环境中（如康复）。参考文献 Ekkekakis, P., Zenko, Z., & Vazou, S. (2021)。您觉得运动愉快还是不愉快？运动情感体验 (AFFEXX) 问卷。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101930 Hohberg, V., Kreppke, J.-N., Cody, R., Guthold, R., Woods, C., Brand, R., Dunton, G., Rothman, A., Ketelhut, S., & Nigg, C. (2022)。促进体育锻炼需要什么？当前体育科学问题》，7，第 005 条 https://doi.org/10.36950/2022ciss005 Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., & Schmid, J. (2022)。基于动机和目标的个人运动和体育咨询的有效性：随机对照试验。https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018 Sudeck, G., & Pfeifer, K. (2016)。体育活动相关健康能力作为运动疗法和健康运动的综合目标--简短问卷的构思与验证。Sportwissenschaft, 46, 74-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-016-0405-4
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M. J. Schmid, Violetta Oblinger-Peters, Merlin Örencik, Helena Hlasová, Juerg Schmid, A. Conzelmann, Noora J. Ronkainen
Introduction The concept of meaning in life has gained significant attention in psychology research in recent years due to its correlational relationship with physical and mental well-being (i.e., objective and subjective health measures, e.g., Steger, 2012). While recent attention has been directed toward this concept in sport psychology using qualitative research methods (e.g., Ronkainen et al., 2015), quantitative investigations into the specific sources of meaning engaged by athletes are notably scarce. This study (1) compares athletes with the general population and (2) employs a person-oriented approach to identify distinct profiles of athletes’ meaning in life and the sources they predominantly tap into. Methods A sample of 589 elite athletes from Switzerland (50.9% women, 49.1% men; Mage = 24.86 years, SD = 5.09) participated in this study. Utilizing the Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS; Schnell & Danbolt, 2023), participants also provided contextual information about their life situations. The athletes were compared with the general population using t-tests. To identify profiles within the athlete population, we employed a latent profile analysis. Results Compared to the general population, athletes exhibit heightened meaningfulness and lower crisis of meaning and prioritise different sources of meaning. Athletes were higher in Growth and Community and lower in Faith, Sustainability and Security. The analysis yielded a three-profile solution based on theoretical considerations and statistical criteria: (1) athletes with below-average meaning in life and sources (n = 127), (2) athletes with above-average meaning in life and faith (n = 109), (3) athletes with above-average meaning in life with balanced sources (n = 353). Athletes in profiles 2 and 3 were characterized by elevated levels of meaningfulness and sources of meaning, and demonstrated greater life satisfaction and self-esteem, relative to the profile with below-average meaning in life and sources. Discussion/Conclusion The identified relationships with key mental health constructs align with qualitative findings emphasizing the centrality of meaningfulness in athletes’ lives. On a nomothetic level, elite athletes indicate a high degree of meaningfulness (compared to the population), however, there is a high degree of heterogeneity within the sample, which is why group-specific analysis (i.e., LPA) could help understanding meaning and its sources in elite athletes. In the future this approach could be useful to tailor programs aimed at cultivating meaning in life of elite athletes. References Ronkainen, N. J., Tikkanen, O., Littlewood, M., & Nesti, M. S. (2015). An existential perspective on meaning, spirituality and authenticity in athletic careers. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(2), 253–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2014.926970 Schnell, T., & Danbolt, L. J. (2023). The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS): Development and multi-study validati
导言：近年来，生活意义的概念在心理学研究中获得了极大的关注，这是因为它与身心健康（即客观和主观健康测量，如 Steger，2012 年）之间存在着相关关系。虽然近期运动心理学界采用定性研究方法对这一概念进行了关注（如 Ronkainen 等人，2015 年），但对运动员参与意义的具体来源进行的定量研究却少之又少。本研究(1)将运动员与普通人群进行比较，(2)采用以人为本的方法来识别运动员生活意义的独特特征以及他们主要利用的意义来源。方法来自瑞士的 589 名精英运动员（女性占 50.9%，男性占 49.1%；年龄 = 24.86 岁，SD = 5.09）参与了本研究。利用意义与目的量表（MAPS；Schnell & Danbolt，2023 年），参与者还提供了有关其生活状况的背景信息。使用 t 检验将运动员与普通人群进行比较。为了确定运动员群体的特征，我们采用了潜在特征分析法。结果与普通人群相比，运动员表现出更高的意义性和更低的意义危机，并优先考虑不同的意义来源。运动员在 "成长 "和 "社区 "方面的意义较高，在 "信仰"、"可持续性 "和 "安全 "方面的意义较低。根据理论考虑和统计标准，分析得出了三类解决方案：(1) 生命意义和来源低于平均水平的运动员（n = 127），(2) 生命意义和信仰高于平均水平的运动员（n = 109），(3) 生命意义高于平均水平且来源均衡的运动员（n = 353）。相对于生活意义和意义来源低于平均水平的情况，情况 2 和情况 3 中的运动员具有更高水平的意义和意义来源，并表现出更高的生活满意度和自尊。从名义层面上看，精英运动员的生活意义度较高（与普通人群相比），但样本内部存在高度异质性，这就是为什么特定群体分析（即 LPA）有助于理解精英运动员的生活意义及其来源。未来，这种方法将有助于定制旨在培养精英运动员人生意义的计划。参考文献Ronkainen, N. J., Tikkanen, O., Littlewood, M., & Nesti, M. S. (2015).从存在主义角度看运动生涯的意义、灵性和真实性。https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2014.926970Schnell, T., & Danbolt, L. J. (2023).J. (2023).意义与目的量表（MAPS）：意义和目的量表（MAPS）：关于意义、意义危机和目的来源的简短测量方法的开发和多方研究验证。https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01319-8Steger, M. F. (2012).体验生命的意义--幸福感、精神病理学和灵性之间的最佳功能。In P. T. P. Wong (Ed.), The Human Quest for Meaning：理论、研究与应用》（第 2 版，第 165-184 页）。Routledge.
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Fabian Ammann, Ann Knuchel, Anneke Hertig-Godeschalk, Claudio Perret
Introduction Eccentric strength training is a promising approach to improving upper body strength in athletes, as this type of training has several advantages over training that involves concentric or isometric muscle action (Hoppeler, 2016). Eccentric training shows greater gains in muscle strength and mass with lower cardiovascular and metabolic demands (Douglas et al., 2017; Roig et al., 2009). This, combined with the time-efficient components, makes eccentric training particularly attractive for use in athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite an increasing number of studies focusing on eccentric training in the lower extremities, little is known about the effects in upper body extremities. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an eccentric arm-crank training protocol and its effects on upper body performance in elite athletes with SCI. Methods Nine strength training experienced elite athletes (median (Q1-Q3) age 29 (25–35) years) 6 men, 6 (3-10) years active as elite athlete, 12 (10-13) hours of weekly training) with SCI were recruited. The athletes were active in various wheelchair sports including basketball, cycling and athletics. The athletes performed twenty eccentric arm-crank training sessions (2-3 sessions/week for 10-12 weeks), during which intensity (74-182% of predetermined maximal aerobic power) and duration (8-14 min) were progressively increased. The following parameters were assessed before and after the intervention: maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, grip strength), anaerobic performance (Wingate test), aerobic performance (V̇O2peak-ramp test), arm circumferences. The normal training routine was continued during the study. Results Nine athletes with paraplegia successfully completed the eccentric arm-cranking protocol. The cardiometabolic demands of the training sessions were relatively low at an intensity of 69% (66-76) of maximum heart rate. The athletes improved their maximal aerobic power (+3%, p = 0.047) and increased their arm circumferences (+1-3%, p ≤ 0.027). The further parameters showed no significant improvements, nevertheless most athletes showed individual improvements in all parameters. Discussion/Conclusion Twenty sessions of progressive eccentric arm-cranking, added on top of the normal training routine, improved performance in elite athletes with SCI. The individual improvements found in the athletes are clinically relevant as in this well-trained population, any further gains in upper body performance can be difficult to reach. Nevertheless, such progress can make a critical difference in competition. These preliminary data suggest that our protocol is a feasible method for improving upper body performance in elite athletes using eccentric strength training. A future study will assess the effects of eccentric training during primary SCI rehabilitation. References Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Chronic adap
导言偏心力量训练是提高运动员上肢力量的一种很有前途的方法，因为与涉及同心或等长肌肉动作的训练相比，这种类型的训练具有一些优势（Hoppeler，2016 年）。偏心训练对心血管和新陈代谢的要求较低（Douglas 等人，2017 年；Roig 等人，2009 年），但肌肉力量和质量却有更大的提高。再加上偏心训练具有时间效率高的特点，因此对脊髓损伤（SCI）运动员特别有吸引力。尽管越来越多的研究关注下肢偏心训练，但对上肢偏心训练的效果却知之甚少。因此，本研究的主要目的是调查偏心手臂-曲柄训练方案的可行性及其对 SCI 精英运动员上半身表现的影响。方法：招募了 9 名有力量训练经验的 SCI 精英运动员（中位数（Q1-Q3）年龄 29（25-35）岁），6 名男性，作为精英运动员活跃 6（3-10）年，每周训练 12（10-13）小时）。这些运动员积极参加各种轮椅运动，包括篮球、自行车和田径。运动员进行了 20 次偏心臂曲柄训练（每周 2-3 次，持续 10-12 周），训练强度（预定最大有氧功率的 74-182%）和持续时间（8-14 分钟）逐渐增加。干预前后对以下参数进行了评估：最大力量（一次重复最大力量（1RM）卧推、握力）、无氧性能（温盖特测试）、有氧性能（V.J.O.峰值-斜坡测试）、臂围。结果九名截瘫运动员成功完成了偏心曲臂训练。训练课对心脏代谢的要求相对较低，强度为最大心率的 69%（66-76）。运动员的最大有氧功率提高了（+3%，p = 0.047），臂围增加了（+1-3%，p ≤ 0.027）。讨论/结论在正常训练的基础上，进行20次渐进式偏心曲臂训练，提高了患有SCI的精英运动员的成绩。在运动员身上发现的个体改善具有临床意义，因为在这些训练有素的人群中，上半身表现的进一步提高可能很难实现。尽管如此，这种进步仍能在比赛中起到至关重要的作用。这些初步数据表明，我们的方案是利用偏心力量训练提高精英运动员上肢表现的可行方法。未来的研究将评估偏心训练在初级 SCI 康复中的效果。参考文献Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017).偏心训练的慢性适应：系统综述。https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0628-4Hoppeler, H. (2016)。中等负荷偏心运动；一种独特的新型训练模式。https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00483Roig, M., O'Brien, K., Kirk, G., Murray, R., McKinnon, P., Shadgan, B., & Reid, W. D. (2009)。偏心与同心阻力训练对健康成年人肌肉力量和质量的影响：系统回顾与荟萃分析》。英国运动医学杂志》，43（8），556-568。https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.051417。
{"title":"The effects of eccentric arm crank training on upper body performance in elite athletes with a spinal cord injury","authors":"Fabian Ammann, Ann Knuchel, Anneke Hertig-Godeschalk, Claudio Perret","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Eccentric strength training is a promising approach to improving upper body strength in athletes, as this type of training has several advantages over training that involves concentric or isometric muscle action (Hoppeler, 2016). Eccentric training shows greater gains in muscle strength and mass with lower cardiovascular and metabolic demands (Douglas et al., 2017; Roig et al., 2009). This, combined with the time-efficient components, makes eccentric training particularly attractive for use in athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite an increasing number of studies focusing on eccentric training in the lower extremities, little is known about the effects in upper body extremities. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an eccentric arm-crank training protocol and its effects on upper body performance in elite athletes with SCI.\u0000Methods\u0000Nine strength training experienced elite athletes (median (Q1-Q3) age 29 (25–35) years) 6 men, 6 (3-10) years active as elite athlete, 12 (10-13) hours of weekly training) with SCI were recruited. The athletes were active in various wheelchair sports including basketball, cycling and athletics. The athletes performed twenty eccentric arm-crank training sessions (2-3 sessions/week for 10-12 weeks), during which intensity (74-182% of predetermined maximal aerobic power) and duration (8-14 min) were progressively increased. The following parameters were assessed before and after the intervention: maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, grip strength), anaerobic performance (Wingate test), aerobic performance (V̇O2peak-ramp test), arm circumferences. The normal training routine was continued during the study.\u0000Results\u0000Nine athletes with paraplegia successfully completed the eccentric arm-cranking protocol. The cardiometabolic demands of the training sessions were relatively low at an intensity of 69% (66-76) of maximum heart rate. The athletes improved their maximal aerobic power (+3%, p = 0.047) and increased their arm circumferences (+1-3%, p ≤ 0.027). The further parameters showed no significant improvements, nevertheless most athletes showed individual improvements in all parameters.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Twenty sessions of progressive eccentric arm-cranking, added on top of the normal training routine, improved performance in elite athletes with SCI. The individual improvements found in the athletes are clinically relevant as in this well-trained population, any further gains in upper body performance can be difficult to reach. Nevertheless, such progress can make a critical difference in competition. These preliminary data suggest that our protocol is a feasible method for improving upper body performance in elite athletes using eccentric strength training. A future study will assess the effects of eccentric training during primary SCI rehabilitation.\u0000References\u0000Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Chronic adap","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"280 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Schmid, B. Schmidli, Lisa Hillebrecht, C. Schindera, N. X. von der Weid, Eva Katharina Brack, V. Benzing
Introduction Increasing physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents with cancer holds promise for enhancing outcomes both during treatment and into survivorship (Stout et al., 2017). Despite this potential, the promotion of PA within Swiss pediatric oncology units remains largely overlooked. To address this gap, the “KiKli Fit” project has been initiated. This program features personalized training sessions during acute care, accompanied by PA counseling during the transition to the post-acute phase. Importantly, it engages not only the patients but also their families, since they play a crucial role in shaping youth’s PA behavior (Cheung et al., 2021). The PA counseling is designed to enhance motivation, volition, enjoyment, family health-climate, and ultimately, foster an active lifestyle (Schorno et al., 2022). This study aims to outline the theoretical development of the counseling approach and present initial findings from its implementation. Methods We plan a two-arm multicenter crossover-controlled trial to investigate the effects of the whole PA program. The trial will compare the PA program (intervention group in Bern, n = 40) with standard treatment (control group in Basel, n = 40). Participants will be aged 6-18, newly diagnosed with cancer and undergoing neurotoxic treatment for at least six weeks. The PA counseling comprises four sessions involving the child or adolescent and their parents. These sessions cover various topics, including parental concerns about their child performing PA, individual preferences in exercise and sports, and ways to be physically active as a whole family. Motivational interviewing techniques are applied across all sessions. The study will start in early 2024. Outcomes will be measured three times (once at admission, after twelve weeks of intervention and for follow-up after six months). Discussion The “KiKli Fit”-project is a complex program that aims to promote PA in and after acute care by combining personalized training sessions with PA counseling. The scalability of the PA counseling is a key advantage, allowing it to reach a wide demographic, including those who have completed treatment. Fostering PA in young cancer patients seems to particularly important because it can set a foundation for a healthier lifestyle as they transition into adulthood. References Cheung, A. T., Li, W. H. C., Ho, L. L. K., Chan, G. C. F., & Chung, J. O. K. (2021). Parental perspectives on promoting physical activity for their children surviving cancer: A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(7), 1719-1725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.009 Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., & Schmid, J. (2022). Effectiveness of individual exercise and sport counseling based on motives and goals: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 44(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018 Stout, N. L., Baima, J., Swisher, A. K., Winters-Stone, K. M., & Welsh, J. (
导言提高癌症儿童和青少年的体力活动（PA）水平有望提高治疗期间和生存期的疗效（Stout 等人，2017 年）。尽管存在这一潜力，但瑞士儿科肿瘤科对体育锻炼的推广在很大程度上仍被忽视。为了弥补这一不足，瑞士启动了 "KiKli Fit "项目。该项目在急性期提供个性化培训课程，并在向急性期后阶段过渡时提供 PA 咨询。重要的是，该项目不仅让患者参与，还让其家人参与，因为他们在塑造青少年的 PA 行为方面起着至关重要的作用（Cheung 等人，2021 年）。体育锻炼辅导旨在增强动机、意志、乐趣和家庭健康氛围，并最终培养积极的生活方式（Schorno 等人，2022 年）。本研究旨在概述该辅导方法的理论发展，并介绍其实施过程中的初步发现。方法我们计划进行一项双臂多中心交叉对照试验，以调查整个 PA 计划的效果。试验将比较 PA 项目（伯尔尼的干预组，n = 40）和标准治疗（巴塞尔的对照组，n = 40）。参与者年龄在 6-18 岁之间，刚被诊断出患有癌症，正在接受至少六周的神经毒性治疗。PA 咨询由儿童或青少年及其父母参与的四节课组成。这些课程涉及各种主题，包括家长对孩子进行体育锻炼的担忧、个人在运动和体育方面的偏好以及全家人一起进行体育锻炼的方法。所有课程均采用动机访谈技术。研究将于 2024 年初开始。讨论 "KiKli Fit "项目是一项复杂的计划，旨在通过将个性化培训课程与运动疗法咨询相结合，促进急症护理期间和之后的运动疗法。PA 辅导的可扩展性是其主要优势，使其能够覆盖广泛的人群，包括已完成治疗的人群。培养年轻癌症患者的体育锻炼似乎尤为重要，因为这可以为他们步入成年后更健康的生活方式打下基础。参考文献Cheung, A. T., Li, W. H. C., Ho, L. L. K., Chan, G. C. F., & Chung, J. O. K. (2021)。父母对促进癌症儿童体育锻炼的看法：定性研究。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.009Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., & Schmid, J. (2022).基于动机和目标的个人运动和体育咨询的有效性：随机对照试验。https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018Stout, N. L., Baima, J., Swisher, A. K., Winters-Stone, K. M., & Welsh, J. (2017).癌症文献中的运动系统综述（2005-2017 年）。PM&R, 9, 347-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.07.074
{"title":"Physical activity counseling within the «KiKli Fit»-project: Development and first implementation","authors":"Julia Schmid, B. Schmidli, Lisa Hillebrecht, C. Schindera, N. X. von der Weid, Eva Katharina Brack, V. Benzing","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Increasing physical activity (PA) levels in children and adolescents with cancer holds promise for enhancing outcomes both during treatment and into survivorship (Stout et al., 2017). Despite this potential, the promotion of PA within Swiss pediatric oncology units remains largely overlooked. To address this gap, the “KiKli Fit” project has been initiated. This program features personalized training sessions during acute care, accompanied by PA counseling during the transition to the post-acute phase. Importantly, it engages not only the patients but also their families, since they play a crucial role in shaping youth’s PA behavior (Cheung et al., 2021). The PA counseling is designed to enhance motivation, volition, enjoyment, family health-climate, and ultimately, foster an active lifestyle (Schorno et al., 2022). This study aims to outline the theoretical development of the counseling approach and present initial findings from its implementation.\u0000Methods\u0000We plan a two-arm multicenter crossover-controlled trial to investigate the effects of the whole PA program. The trial will compare the PA program (intervention group in Bern, n = 40) with standard treatment (control group in Basel, n = 40). Participants will be aged 6-18, newly diagnosed with cancer and undergoing neurotoxic treatment for at least six weeks. The PA counseling comprises four sessions involving the child or adolescent and their parents. These sessions cover various topics, including parental concerns about their child performing PA, individual preferences in exercise and sports, and ways to be physically active as a whole family. Motivational interviewing techniques are applied across all sessions. The study will start in early 2024. Outcomes will be measured three times (once at admission, after twelve weeks of intervention and for follow-up after six months).\u0000Discussion\u0000The “KiKli Fit”-project is a complex program that aims to promote PA in and after acute care by combining personalized training sessions with PA counseling. The scalability of the PA counseling is a key advantage, allowing it to reach a wide demographic, including those who have completed treatment. Fostering PA in young cancer patients seems to particularly important because it can set a foundation for a healthier lifestyle as they transition into adulthood.\u0000References\u0000Cheung, A. T., Li, W. H. C., Ho, L. L. K., Chan, G. C. F., & Chung, J. O. K. (2021). Parental perspectives on promoting physical activity for their children surviving cancer: A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(7), 1719-1725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.009\u0000Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., & Schmid, J. (2022). Effectiveness of individual exercise and sport counseling based on motives and goals: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 44(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018\u0000Stout, N. L., Baima, J., Swisher, A. K., Winters-Stone, K. M., & Welsh, J. (","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gian-Andri Baumann, Mattia Nolé, Christina M. Spengler, F. Beltrami
Introduction Modern running shoes have revolutionized long-distance performances by decreasing the amount of oxygen athletes need when running at a given speed, which is termed running economy. In 2022, World Athletics imposed an upper limit of 40 mm for midsole thickness, possibly to prevent shoes from having an overemphasized role in performance. This ceiling, however, seems arbitrary, and a better understanding of whether midsole thickness affects running economy is needed. This study therefore investigated if midsole thickness affects oxygen consumption both indoors and outdoors, as early findings from treadmill studies may not translate to overground running. Methods Following a familiarization trial including an incremental test, 16 well-trained male runners (weight 70 ± 6 kg, age 28 ± 5 years, peak oxygen uptake, V̇O2peak 64 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1, peak running speed 20.0 ± 0.8 km･h-1) completed two testing visits, once on a treadmill and once on a track, each consisting of twelve 5-min runs at submaximal speed (16 km･h-1) alternating three different footwear conditions: an entry-level running shoe (EL, 30 mm midsole thickness) and two carbon-plated modern running shoes with midsole thickness of 40 and 50 mm, respectively. The shoe order was randomized and balanced between each of the four replicates. Gas exchange and heart rate were continuously measured throughout the runs. Results Running with 40 mm shoes reduced V̇O2 compared with EL shoes by 2.4 ± 1.1% on the treadmill and 4.0 ± 1.2% when running overground (both p < 0.001). Running with 50mm shoes also decreased V̇O2 compared with EL shoes both on the treadmill (-2.7 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) and overground (-4.6 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3 ± 1.3%, p = 0.586; overground: +0.6 ± 1.4%, p = 0.189). Similarly, heart rate was lower compared with the EL shoes in both the 40 mm shoes (treadmill -1.3 ± 0.6%; overground -2.0 ± 0.6%; both p < 0.001) and 50 mm shoes (treadmill -1.6 ± 0.7%; overground -2.3 ± 0.6%, both p < 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3% ± 0.6%, p = 0.106; overground: +0.4 ± 0.6%, p = 0.090). Interestingly when running overground V̇O2 decreased over time for the 50 mm shoes, reaching significance between replicates 1 and 4 (p = 0.017), which was not the case for the 40 mm shoes (p = 0.817). The V̇O2 ratio between the 50 mm and 40 mm shoes was 1.003 in replicate 1 and 0.987 in replicate 4 (p = 0.108). Discussion/Conclusion Our data suggests that a 50 mm midsole does not offer significant benefits compared with race-legal 40 mm midsole shoes when tested over short durations. The 50 mm shoes cause a noticeable decrease in V̇O2 over time when used outdoors, which may reflect a learning effect to this unfamiliar midsole thickness. Longer test sessions may be necessary to reveal the actual impact on running economy of shoes with over 40 mm midso
{"title":"Impact of midsole thickness on physiological responses during running in well-trained athletes","authors":"Gian-Andri Baumann, Mattia Nolé, Christina M. Spengler, F. Beltrami","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss026","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Modern running shoes have revolutionized long-distance performances by decreasing the amount of oxygen athletes need when running at a given speed, which is termed running economy. In 2022, World Athletics imposed an upper limit of 40 mm for midsole thickness, possibly to prevent shoes from having an overemphasized role in performance. This ceiling, however, seems arbitrary, and a better understanding of whether midsole thickness affects running economy is needed. This study therefore investigated if midsole thickness affects oxygen consumption both indoors and outdoors, as early findings from treadmill studies may not translate to overground running.\u0000Methods\u0000Following a familiarization trial including an incremental test, 16 well-trained male runners (weight 70 ± 6 kg, age 28 ± 5 years, peak oxygen uptake, V̇O2peak 64 ± 4 ml O2･kg-1･min-1, peak running speed 20.0 ± 0.8 km･h-1) completed two testing visits, once on a treadmill and once on a track, each consisting of twelve 5-min runs at submaximal speed (16 km･h-1) alternating three different footwear conditions: an entry-level running shoe (EL, 30 mm midsole thickness) and two carbon-plated modern running shoes with midsole thickness of 40 and 50 mm, respectively. The shoe order was randomized and balanced between each of the four replicates. Gas exchange and heart rate were continuously measured throughout the runs.\u0000Results\u0000Running with 40 mm shoes reduced V̇O2 compared with EL shoes by 2.4 ± 1.1% on the treadmill and 4.0 ± 1.2% when running overground (both p < 0.001). Running with 50mm shoes also decreased V̇O2 compared with EL shoes both on the treadmill (-2.7 ± 1.6%, p < 0.001) and overground (-4.6 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3 ± 1.3%, p = 0.586; overground: +0.6 ± 1.4%, p = 0.189). Similarly, heart rate was lower compared with the EL shoes in both the 40 mm shoes (treadmill -1.3 ± 0.6%; overground -2.0 ± 0.6%; both p < 0.001) and 50 mm shoes (treadmill -1.6 ± 0.7%; overground -2.3 ± 0.6%, both p < 0.001), but no differences were detected between the modern shoes (40 mm vs. 50 mm treadmill: +0.3% ± 0.6%, p = 0.106; overground: +0.4 ± 0.6%, p = 0.090). Interestingly when running overground V̇O2 decreased over time for the 50 mm shoes, reaching significance between replicates 1 and 4 (p = 0.017), which was not the case for the 40 mm shoes (p = 0.817). The V̇O2 ratio between the 50 mm and 40 mm shoes was 1.003 in replicate 1 and 0.987 in replicate 4 (p = 0.108).\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Our data suggests that a 50 mm midsole does not offer significant benefits compared with race-legal 40 mm midsole shoes when tested over short durations. The 50 mm shoes cause a noticeable decrease in V̇O2 over time when used outdoors, which may reflect a learning effect to this unfamiliar midsole thickness. Longer test sessions may be necessary to reveal the actual impact on running economy of shoes with over 40 mm midso","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"41 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahel Bürgi, Angela Gebert, H. Stamm, M. Lamprecht
Introduction The Swiss Sports Observatory has been conducting the national club survey since 1996. Every six years, the club managers of all sports clubs belonging to an association affiliated to Swiss Olympic are asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey is supported by Swiss Olympic, the Federal Office of Sport and other partners and provides information on the development of Swiss sports clubs, their structures and performance, as well as their strategies and prospects. The latest club survey was published at the end of 2023 (Bürgi et al., 2023). Methods The 2023 club survey is based on an online survey of 6,782 sports clubs. With a total of 18,229 sports clubs contacted, this results in a participation rate of 37.2%. The results were validated and their representativeness checked through various comparisons with other surveys (survey of the associations and the population surveys "Sport Schweiz 2020" and "Freiwilligen-Monitor"). Results The number of sports clubs - but not the number of active members - has fallen slightly in recent years. However, the large number of small clubs continues to characterize the Swiss club system. The high density of clubs ensures a wide range of activities, but also ties up a lot of resources and leads to increased fluctuation among members. The vast majority of active members as well as children and young people are active in medium-sized and large clubs. The number of active club members has remained stable for many years. There has been no decline in club memberships, but the clubs cannot profit from population growth and the sports boom. There are also significant changes in the club structure: clubs are growing among children but losing members among adults. This development has an impact on the recruitment of volunteers. Voluntary work therefore remains the foundation of club sport, but also the number one challenge. The problem cannot be solved with increased professionalization. Although there is more paid work in clubs today, the need for volunteers is still growing. Club budgets also place limits on professionalization. Staff cost is already the largest expense item today. The financial situation of Swiss sports clubs has not generally deteriorated in recent years. However, it has not been possible to tap into new sources of income either and membership fees cannot be increased at will. Discussion/Conclusion Overall, Swiss sports clubs have coped well with the various challenges of recent years. At the same time, the proportion of clubs facing problems that threaten their existence is increasing. Only with the active further development of club work and differentiated approaches to solutions, which help to meet the growing demands placed on clubs and the associated increased need for volunteers and paid staff, will clubs remain a central pillar of Swiss sport in the future (Lamprecht & Nagel, 2022). References Bürgi, R., Lamprecht, M., Gebert, A. & Stamm, H. P. (2023). Sportvereine in der Schweiz
引言 瑞士体育观察站自 1996 年起开始进行全国俱乐部调查。每六年，瑞士奥林匹克下属协会的所有体育俱乐部经理都要填写一份调查问卷。该调查得到了瑞士奥林匹克、联邦体育局和其他合作伙伴的支持，并提供了有关瑞士体育俱乐部的发展、结构和表现以及战略和前景的信息。最新的俱乐部调查报告于 2023 年底发布（Bürgi et al.总共联系了 18229 家体育俱乐部，参与率为 37.2%。通过与其他调查（协会调查、"Sport Schweiz 2020 "和 "Freiwilligen-Monitor "人口调查）的各种比较，对调查结果进行了验证，并检验了其代表性。然而，大量小型俱乐部仍然是瑞士俱乐部系统的特点。俱乐部的高密度确保了活动的广泛性，但也占用了大量资源，并导致会员之间的波动加剧。绝大多数活跃会员以及儿童和青少年都活跃在大中型俱乐部中。多年来，活跃的俱乐部会员人数一直保持稳定。俱乐部会员人数没有减少，但俱乐部无法从人口增长和体育繁荣中获利。俱乐部结构也发生了重大变化：儿童俱乐部的会员人数不断增加，但成人俱乐部的会员人数却在减少。这种发展对招募志愿者产生了影响。因此，志愿工作仍是俱乐部体育的基础，但也是头号挑战。这个问题无法通过提高专业化程度来解决。尽管如今俱乐部的有偿工作越来越多，但对志愿者的需求仍在增长。俱乐部预算也限制了专业化的发展。员工成本已经是当今最大的开支项目。近年来，瑞士体育俱乐部的财务状况总体上没有恶化。讨论/结论 总体而言，瑞士体育俱乐部很好地应对了近年来的各种挑战。同时，面临威胁其生存问题的俱乐部比例也在增加。只有积极进一步发展俱乐部工作，并采取不同的解决方法，帮助满足对俱乐部提出的日益增长的要求，以及与之相关的对志愿者和有偿工作人员需求的增加，俱乐部才能在未来继续成为瑞士体育的核心支柱（Lamprecht & Nagel，2022 年）。Sportvereine in der Schweiz 2022.Entwicklungen, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven [2022年瑞士的体育俱乐部：发展、挑战和前景]。Swiss Olympic.Lamprecht, M. & Nagel, S. (2022).Sportsoziologie：Einführung [体育社会学：导论]。Nomos.
{"title":"The development of Swiss sports clubs: Membership, volunteering, professionalization","authors":"Rahel Bürgi, Angela Gebert, H. Stamm, M. Lamprecht","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The Swiss Sports Observatory has been conducting the national club survey since 1996. Every six years, the club managers of all sports clubs belonging to an association affiliated to Swiss Olympic are asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey is supported by Swiss Olympic, the Federal Office of Sport and other partners and provides information on the development of Swiss sports clubs, their structures and performance, as well as their strategies and prospects. The latest club survey was published at the end of 2023 (Bürgi et al., 2023).\u0000Methods\u0000The 2023 club survey is based on an online survey of 6,782 sports clubs. With a total of 18,229 sports clubs contacted, this results in a participation rate of 37.2%. The results were validated and their representativeness checked through various comparisons with other surveys (survey of the associations and the population surveys \"Sport Schweiz 2020\" and \"Freiwilligen-Monitor\").\u0000Results\u0000The number of sports clubs - but not the number of active members - has fallen slightly in recent years. However, the large number of small clubs continues to characterize the Swiss club system. The high density of clubs ensures a wide range of activities, but also ties up a lot of resources and leads to increased fluctuation among members. The vast majority of active members as well as children and young people are active in medium-sized and large clubs. The number of active club members has remained stable for many years. There has been no decline in club memberships, but the clubs cannot profit from population growth and the sports boom. There are also significant changes in the club structure: clubs are growing among children but losing members among adults. This development has an impact on the recruitment of volunteers. Voluntary work therefore remains the foundation of club sport, but also the number one challenge. The problem cannot be solved with increased professionalization. Although there is more paid work in clubs today, the need for volunteers is still growing. Club budgets also place limits on professionalization. Staff cost is already the largest expense item today. The financial situation of Swiss sports clubs has not generally deteriorated in recent years. However, it has not been possible to tap into new sources of income either and membership fees cannot be increased at will.\u0000Discussion/Conclusion\u0000Overall, Swiss sports clubs have coped well with the various challenges of recent years. At the same time, the proportion of clubs facing problems that threaten their existence is increasing. Only with the active further development of club work and differentiated approaches to solutions, which help to meet the growing demands placed on clubs and the associated increased need for volunteers and paid staff, will clubs remain a central pillar of Swiss sport in the future (Lamprecht & Nagel, 2022).\u0000References\u0000Bürgi, R., Lamprecht, M., Gebert, A. & Stamm, H. P. (2023). Sportvereine in der Schweiz ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Heimhofer, Susanne Koblitz, M. Bächinger, Nicole Wenderoth
Introduction Motor fatigability is a limiting factor in any kind of setting, in which physical performance is required. Motor fatigability can be quantified through the decrease in movement speed, when low-force movements are performed repeatedly with maximal speed. In this study, we measure motor fatigability in healthy participants through fast finger tapping for 30s. Previous research has shown that the decrease in movement speed, also called motor slowing, is associated with a rise in brain activity, a reduction in surround inhibition in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and an increase in co-activation of antagonistic muscle groups involved in the movement (Bächinger et al., 2019). However, it remains an open question of whether motor slowing and the associated release of inhibition causes a reduction of signal-to-noise ratio for movement-specific information. Here, we aim to answer this question by assessing finger representations using representational similarity analysis (RSA) when participants perform fatiguing tapping with either the index or middle finger. We hypothesized that a reduction of movement-specific information would be associated with the index and middle finger representations in SM1 getting “blurred” over time due to a gradual break-down of surround inhibition. Thus, if the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information decreases in parallel with motor slowing, we would expect finger representations to become more overlapping. Vice-versa, if the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information increases despite motor slowing, we would expect sharper finger representation. Methods 26 healthy young participants performed a motor slowing task during functional MRI. The participants performed 30s of maximal speed finger tapping with the index and the middle finger, alternating between trials. To quantify motor slowing from the behaviour, we performed a linear regression analysis. For the first-level general linear model of the fMRI data, the fingers were regressed separately and the 30s of tapping were further split into 3 x 10s regressors (time bin 1, bin 2, bin 3). We performed RSA separately on each 10s regressor for the anatomically defined regions of interest M1 and S1 hand area (Diedrichsen et al., 2013; Walther et al., 2016) and therefore obtained a dissimilarity measure for each time bin. A mixed effects model with the factor time was used to test whether dissimilarity changed across time bins. Results On the behavioural level, motor slowing could be observed, as tapping speed significantly decreased in each finger over time (F(1, 76) >= 5.78, p <=.05). Concerning the dissimilarity measure, we found an increase over time for S1 as well as M1 (F(2, 50) >= 17.41, p <=.001). Discussion/Conclusion We conclude that the finger representations in the sensorimotor cortex become more distinct with motor slowing. This suggests that the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information is increased,
引言 在任何需要身体表现的环境中，运动疲劳都是一个限制因素。当以最大速度反复进行低力度运动时，运动疲劳性可以通过运动速度的下降来量化。在本研究中，我们通过快速敲击手指 30 秒来测量健康参与者的运动疲劳度。以往的研究表明，运动速度的降低（也称为运动减慢）与大脑活动的上升、初级感觉运动皮层（SM1）环绕抑制的降低以及参与运动的拮抗肌群共同激活的增加有关（Bächinger 等人，2019 年）。然而，运动减慢和与之相关的抑制释放是否会导致运动特异性信息的信噪比降低，这仍然是一个未决问题。在此，我们旨在通过使用表征相似性分析（RSA）评估参与者用食指或中指进行疲劳敲击时的手指表征来回答这个问题。我们假设，运动特异性信息的减少将与食指和中指在 SM1 中的表征随着时间的推移而变得 "模糊 "有关，这是由于环绕抑制逐渐瓦解所致。因此，如果运动特异性信息的信噪比随着运动减慢而降低，我们就会预期手指表征会变得更加重叠。反之亦然，如果特定运动信息的信噪比在运动减慢的情况下仍然增加，我们就会认为手指表征更加清晰。方法 26 名健康的年轻参与者在功能磁共振成像中执行了一项运动减慢任务。参与者用食指和中指以最大速度敲击手指 30 秒钟，每次试验交替进行。为了从行为中量化运动迟缓，我们进行了线性回归分析。在 fMRI 数据的一级一般线性模型中，手指被分别回归，30 秒钟的敲击时间被进一步分割成 3 x 10 秒钟的回归因子（时间分段 1、分段 2、分段 3）。我们针对解剖学上定义的 M1 和 S1 手部感兴趣区域（Diedrichsen 等人，2013 年；Walther 等人，2016 年），分别对每个 10 秒回归因子进行了 RSA，从而获得了每个时间仓的异质性测量。使用带有时间因子的混合效应模型来检验不同时间分段的相似性是否发生变化。结果 在行为层面上，可以观察到运动减慢，随着时间的推移，每个手指的敲击速度都显著下降（F(1, 76) >= 5.78, p = 17.41, p <=.001）。讨论/结论 我们的结论是，随着运动速度减慢，感觉运动皮层中的手指表征会变得更加明显。这表明运动特异性信息的信噪比增加了，有可能补偿了疲劳引起的脊髓上变化。参考文献 Bächinger, M., Lehner, R., Thomas, F., Hanimann, S., Balsters, J., & Wenderoth, N. (2019)。eLife, 8, Article e46750. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46750 Diedrichsen, J., Wiestler, T., & Krakauer, J. W. (2013)。手指单独运动的两个不同同侧皮层表征。https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs120 Walther, A., Nili, H., Ejaz, N., Alink, A., Kriegeskorte, N., & Diedrichsen, J. (2016)。用于多象素模式分析的异质性测量的可靠性。NeuroImage, 137, 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.012
{"title":"Finger-specific representations are sharpened during a fatiguing motor task","authors":"Caroline Heimhofer, Susanne Koblitz, M. Bächinger, Nicole Wenderoth","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss048","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Motor fatigability is a limiting factor in any kind of setting, in which physical performance is required. Motor fatigability can be quantified through the decrease in movement speed, when low-force movements are performed repeatedly with maximal speed. In this study, we measure motor fatigability in healthy participants through fast finger tapping for 30s. Previous research has shown that the decrease in movement speed, also called motor slowing, is associated with a rise in brain activity, a reduction in surround inhibition in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and an increase in co-activation of antagonistic muscle groups involved in the movement (Bächinger et al., 2019). However, it remains an open question of whether motor slowing and the associated release of inhibition causes a reduction of signal-to-noise ratio for movement-specific information. Here, we aim to answer this question by assessing finger representations using representational similarity analysis (RSA) when participants perform fatiguing tapping with either the index or middle finger. We hypothesized that a reduction of movement-specific information would be associated with the index and middle finger representations in SM1 getting “blurred” over time due to a gradual break-down of surround inhibition. Thus, if the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information decreases in parallel with motor slowing, we would expect finger representations to become more overlapping. Vice-versa, if the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information increases despite motor slowing, we would expect sharper finger representation. \u0000Methods \u000026 healthy young participants performed a motor slowing task during functional MRI. The participants performed 30s of maximal speed finger tapping with the index and the middle finger, alternating between trials. To quantify motor slowing from the behaviour, we performed a linear regression analysis. For the first-level general linear model of the fMRI data, the fingers were regressed separately and the 30s of tapping were further split into 3 x 10s regressors (time bin 1, bin 2, bin 3). We performed RSA separately on each 10s regressor for the anatomically defined regions of interest M1 and S1 hand area (Diedrichsen et al., 2013; Walther et al., 2016) and therefore obtained a dissimilarity measure for each time bin. A mixed effects model with the factor time was used to test whether dissimilarity changed across time bins. \u0000Results \u0000On the behavioural level, motor slowing could be observed, as tapping speed significantly decreased in each finger over time (F(1, 76) >= 5.78, p <=.05). Concerning the dissimilarity measure, we found an increase over time for S1 as well as M1 (F(2, 50) >= 17.41, p <=.001). \u0000Discussion/Conclusion \u0000We conclude that the finger representations in the sensorimotor cortex become more distinct with motor slowing. This suggests that the signal-to-noise ratio of movement-specific information is increased,","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Lüdi, Georg Pfarrwaller, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Matthias Schlüssel, Andreas Heiniger, Birgit Kleim, N. Kiselev
Introduction The aim of this study is to provide an overview of Paralympic athletes’ views on mental health in a competitive sport context. Although research in the field of Paralympic sport has increased exponentially over the last two decades, mental health and its promotion have hardly been the subject of research so far (Claussen et al., 2022). Previous research shows that the practice of competitive sports influences the mental health of Paralympic athletes both positively and negatively (Swartz et al., 2019). Mental disorders are no exception, even in elite sports. Well-coordinated health care for the prevention and treatment of mental health challenges and mental disorders in elite sports is crucial for this purpose. Methods The methodological approach of the present study is based on a qualitative research design. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and their evaluation with the help of applied thematic analysis (Guest et al., 2012). For the interviews, 15 active, adult, Swiss elite Para athletes were recruited. Results The results suggest that athletic success, the athletic activity itself and an improvement in physical health can lead to an increase in mental well-being. On the other hand, athletic failure, pressure to perform, and physical problems can cause psychological stress and facilitate mental disorders. (Lüdi et al., 2023). Conclusion In particular, the coordinated handling of mental health challenges and mental disorders among Paralympic athletes seems to need improvement, especially regarding the use of sports psychiatry and psychotherapy services. References Claussen, M. C., Imboden, C., Raas, M. I., Hemmeter, U., Seifritz, E., & Hofmann, C. G. (2022). Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie im Leistungssport – Interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Versorgung und Zusammenarbeit [Sports psychiatry in competitive sports – Interdisciplinary and interprofessional care and collaboration]. Praxis, 111(4), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003849 Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436 Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., Kleim, B., & Kiselev, N. (2023). Perspectives on mental health and well-being: Voices of Swiss paralympic athletes. Sports Psychiatry: Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000057 Swartz, L., Hunt, X., Bantjes, J., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Mental health symptoms and disorders in Paralympic athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 737-740. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100731
引言 本研究旨在概述残奥运动员在竞技体育中对心理健康的看法。虽然残奥体育领域的研究在过去二十年里急剧增加，但心理健康及其促进却几乎没有成为研究的主题（Claussen 等人，2022 年）。以往的研究表明，竞技体育运动对残奥运动员的心理健康有着积极和消极的影响（Swartz 等人，2019 年）。即使在精英体育运动中，精神障碍也不例外。为此，在预防和治疗精英体育运动中的心理健康挑战和精神障碍方面，协调良好的医疗保健至关重要。方法本研究的方法基于定性研究设计。通过半结构式访谈收集数据，并在应用主题分析法（Guest 等人，2012 年）的帮助下对数据进行评估。结果研究结果表明，运动成功、运动本身以及身体健康的改善都会导致心理健康水平的提高。另一方面，运动失败、成绩压力和身体问题则会造成心理压力，导致精神失常。(Lüdi et al.，2023）.结论尤其是在使用运动精神病学和心理治疗服务方面，残奥会运动员的心理健康挑战和精神障碍的协调处理似乎需要改进.参考文献Claussen, M. C., Imboden, C., Raas, M. I., Hemmeter, U., Seifritz, E., & Hofmann, C. G. (2022).Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie im Leistungssport - Interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Versorgung und Zusammenarbeit [Sports psychiatry in competitive sports - Interdisciplinary and interprofessional care and collaboration].https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003849Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012)。Applied Thematic Analysis.https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., Kleim, B., & Kiselev, N. (2023).关于心理健康和幸福的观点：瑞士残奥运动员的心声。运动精神病学》：运动精神病学杂志》。https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000057Swartz, L., Hunt, X., Bantjes, J., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019)。残奥运动员的心理健康症状和障碍：叙述性综述。英国运动医学杂志》，53（12），737-740。https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100731。
{"title":"Voices of Swiss Paralympic athletes: Perspectives on mental health and well-being","authors":"Lucas Lüdi, Georg Pfarrwaller, Christian Imboden, Olivia Stoffel, Matthias Schlüssel, Andreas Heiniger, Birgit Kleim, N. Kiselev","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000The aim of this study is to provide an overview of Paralympic athletes’ views on mental health in a competitive sport context. Although research in the field of Paralympic sport has increased exponentially over the last two decades, mental health and its promotion have hardly been the subject of research so far (Claussen et al., 2022). Previous research shows that the practice of competitive sports influences the mental health of Paralympic athletes both positively and negatively (Swartz et al., 2019). Mental disorders are no exception, even in elite sports. Well-coordinated health care for the prevention and treatment of mental health challenges and mental disorders in elite sports is crucial for this purpose.\u0000Methods\u0000The methodological approach of the present study is based on a qualitative research design. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and their evaluation with the help of applied thematic analysis (Guest et al., 2012). For the interviews, 15 active, adult, Swiss elite Para athletes were recruited.\u0000Results\u0000The results suggest that athletic success, the athletic activity itself and an improvement in physical health can lead to an increase in mental well-being. On the other hand, athletic failure, pressure to perform, and physical problems can cause psychological stress and facilitate mental disorders. (Lüdi et al., 2023).\u0000Conclusion\u0000In particular, the coordinated handling of mental health challenges and mental disorders among Paralympic athletes seems to need improvement, especially regarding the use of sports psychiatry and psychotherapy services.\u0000References\u0000Claussen, M. C., Imboden, C., Raas, M. I., Hemmeter, U., Seifritz, E., & Hofmann, C. G. (2022). Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie im Leistungssport – Interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Versorgung und Zusammenarbeit [Sports psychiatry in competitive sports – Interdisciplinary and interprofessional care and collaboration]. Praxis, 111(4), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003849\u0000Guest, G., MacQueen, K., & Namey, E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384436\u0000Lüdi, L., Pfarrwaller, G., Imboden, C., Stoffel, O., Schlüssel, M., Heiniger, A., Kleim, B., & Kiselev, N. (2023). Perspectives on mental health and well-being: Voices of Swiss paralympic athletes. Sports Psychiatry: Journal of Sports and Exercise Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000057\u0000Swartz, L., Hunt, X., Bantjes, J., Hainline, B., & Reardon, C. L. (2019). Mental health symptoms and disorders in Paralympic athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 737-740. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100731","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothée Popesco, Quentin Gardet, Jonathan Bossard, N. Maffiuletti, N. Place
Introduction Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an innovative and effective (re)training strategy to improve or restore neuromuscular function (Maffiuletti et al., 2018). Contractions induced by NMES differ in many aspects from voluntary contractions, as motor unit (MU) recruitment is random, synchronous and spatially fixed (mostly superficial; Maffiuletti, 2010). Consequently, several limitations, such as higher fatigability (Vanderthommen et al., 1999) and discomfort (Delitto et al., 1992) might restrain its clinical implementation. The use of specific stimulation parameters may partly overcome these limitations. Indeed, the use of wide pulses (≥ 1 ms) delivered at low stimulation intensity leads to a preferential recruitment of Ia sensory axons (Veale et al., 1973) which may promote MU central (reflexive) recruitment. Furthermore, the high stimulation frequencies (> 80 Hz) would facilitate the temporal summation of post-synaptic excitatory potentials and reflexively activate spinal motoneurons through Ia afferents (Dideriksen et al., 2015), which may increase force production. Another potential advantage of wide pulse high frequency (WPHF) NMES is that low stimulation intensities are required to limit antidromic collision, and these lower intensities are associated with less discomfort (Delitto et al., 1992). Therefore, by stimulating at intensities expected to generate ~10% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, WPHF NMES induces, in some individuals, a progressive increase in force during the stimulation, called ‘extra force’. It can reach up to 80% of the MVC force in plantar flexors (Neyroud et al., 2018) but the response to WPHF NMES in other muscle groups is less documented. Extra force is usually accompanied by a prolongation of the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity after cessation of the stimulation, also called ‘sustained EMG activity’ which is interpreted as MU recruited through the central pathway (Neyroud et al, 2018). The main aim of the present study was to explore the effect of varying stimulation parameters on the NMES-evoked force and sustained EMG activity in the plantar flexors, knee extensors and elbow flexors. It was hypothesized that the plantar flexors would show higher centrally-mediated responses to NMES than knee extensors and elbow flexors, especially with large pulse duration. Methods Sixteen volunteers, 2 women and 14 men (29 ± 6 yr, 177 ± 6 cm, 74 ± 11 kg) participated to three experimental sessions - one for each muscle group - in a randomized order. The experimental protocol was similar for the three muscle groups and included twelve 10-s NMES trains separated by at least 2 min of rest and delivered at an intensity set initially to evoke 10% of the maximal voluntary contraction force. Stimulation trains were randomly delivered with a combination of frequencies (20, 50, 100 and 147 Hz) and pulse durations (0.2, 1 and 2 ms). Force was collected using specific isometric ergometers and
{"title":"Effects of pulse width and frequency on evoked responses in electrostimulation: comparison between three muscle groups","authors":"Timothée Popesco, Quentin Gardet, Jonathan Bossard, N. Maffiuletti, N. Place","doi":"10.36950/2024.2ciss022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss022","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an innovative and effective (re)training strategy to improve or restore neuromuscular function (Maffiuletti et al., 2018). Contractions induced by NMES differ in many aspects from voluntary contractions, as motor unit (MU) recruitment is random, synchronous and spatially fixed (mostly superficial; Maffiuletti, 2010). Consequently, several limitations, such as higher fatigability (Vanderthommen et al., 1999) and discomfort (Delitto et al., 1992) might restrain its clinical implementation. The use of specific stimulation parameters may partly overcome these limitations. Indeed, the use of wide pulses (≥ 1 ms) delivered at low stimulation intensity leads to a preferential recruitment of Ia sensory axons (Veale et al., 1973) which may promote MU central (reflexive) recruitment. Furthermore, the high stimulation frequencies (> 80 Hz) would facilitate the temporal summation of post-synaptic excitatory potentials and reflexively activate spinal motoneurons through Ia afferents (Dideriksen et al., 2015), which may increase force production. Another potential advantage of wide pulse high frequency (WPHF) NMES is that low stimulation intensities are required to limit antidromic collision, and these lower intensities are associated with less discomfort (Delitto et al., 1992). Therefore, by stimulating at intensities expected to generate ~10% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, WPHF NMES induces, in some individuals, a progressive increase in force during the stimulation, called ‘extra force’. It can reach up to 80% of the MVC force in plantar flexors (Neyroud et al., 2018) but the response to WPHF NMES in other muscle groups is less documented. Extra force is usually accompanied by a prolongation of the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity after cessation of the stimulation, also called ‘sustained EMG activity’ which is interpreted as MU recruited through the central pathway (Neyroud et al, 2018). The main aim of the present study was to explore the effect of varying stimulation parameters on the NMES-evoked force and sustained EMG activity in the plantar flexors, knee extensors and elbow flexors. It was hypothesized that the plantar flexors would show higher centrally-mediated responses to NMES than knee extensors and elbow flexors, especially with large pulse duration.\u0000Methods\u0000Sixteen volunteers, 2 women and 14 men (29 ± 6 yr, 177 ± 6 cm, 74 ± 11 kg) participated to three experimental sessions - one for each muscle group - in a randomized order. The experimental protocol was similar for the three muscle groups and included twelve 10-s NMES trains separated by at least 2 min of rest and delivered at an intensity set initially to evoke 10% of the maximal voluntary contraction force. Stimulation trains were randomly delivered with a combination of frequencies (20, 50, 100 and 147 Hz) and pulse durations (0.2, 1 and 2 ms). Force was collected using specific isometric ergometers and ","PeriodicalId":415194,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)","volume":"73 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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