Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.007
Martina Deuchler
{"title":"Reply to “The Dynamics of Elite Domination in Early Modern Korea” by Javier CHA","authors":"Martina Deuchler","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"261-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41734592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.001
Mark E. Caprio
ABSTRACT:Studies on Japan's assimilation policies in Korea (1910–1945) frequently criticize the contradiction between the rhetoric of inclusiveness Japan used to describe its administration and the policy of discrimination it advanced in the colony. This paper argues this contradiction is characteristic of other administrations that the colonizers employed in territories contiguous with the colonial homeland, including the French in Algeria and the Germans in Alsace and Lorraine. It contrasts this peripheral expansion with the intensive assimilation efforts found in internal nation-building expansion, and the less intrusive external expansion where colonizers built social walls to separate colonizer from colonized. In Korea, evidence of this contradiction between rhetoric and practice appeared in various social, economic, and political areas. This paper emphasizes the contradiction found in the education system established by the government general, which offered Koreans elementary schooling of a lesser quality than that provided Japanese both in Japan and in Korea. Over the decades of colonial rule in Korea the Japanese proposed a number of reforms that promised to close the gap between colonizer and colonized education, and scheduled others that due to Japan's defeat in the Asian Pacific wars never materialized. Thus it remains an open question as to whether Japan's assimilation policies would have succeeded in closing the rhetoric-practice gap had the colonizers had more time. Japanese relations with other minority peoples, including Okinawans and Ainu, suggest that, while one factor, time alone might not have narrowed this gap to sufficiently assimilate Koreans, both those residing on the peninsula and in the colonial homeland.
{"title":"Janus-Faced Colonial Policy: Making Sense of the Contradictions in Japanese Administrative Rhetoric and Practice in Korea","authors":"Mark E. Caprio","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Studies on Japan's assimilation policies in Korea (1910–1945) frequently criticize the contradiction between the rhetoric of inclusiveness Japan used to describe its administration and the policy of discrimination it advanced in the colony. This paper argues this contradiction is characteristic of other administrations that the colonizers employed in territories contiguous with the colonial homeland, including the French in Algeria and the Germans in Alsace and Lorraine. It contrasts this peripheral expansion with the intensive assimilation efforts found in internal nation-building expansion, and the less intrusive external expansion where colonizers built social walls to separate colonizer from colonized. In Korea, evidence of this contradiction between rhetoric and practice appeared in various social, economic, and political areas. This paper emphasizes the contradiction found in the education system established by the government general, which offered Koreans elementary schooling of a lesser quality than that provided Japanese both in Japan and in Korea. Over the decades of colonial rule in Korea the Japanese proposed a number of reforms that promised to close the gap between colonizer and colonized education, and scheduled others that due to Japan's defeat in the Asian Pacific wars never materialized. Thus it remains an open question as to whether Japan's assimilation policies would have succeeded in closing the rhetoric-practice gap had the colonizers had more time. Japanese relations with other minority peoples, including Okinawans and Ainu, suggest that, while one factor, time alone might not have narrowed this gap to sufficiently assimilate Koreans, both those residing on the peninsula and in the colonial homeland.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"125 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41479169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.004
J. Glade
ABSTRACT:Published twelve year's apart, Kim Sa-ryang's "Into the Light" (1939) and Kim Tal-su's "Village with a View of Mt. Fuji" (1951) straddle the August 15, 1945 border that separates Imperial Japan (or colonial Korea) from postwar occupied Japan (or "liberated" Korea). Since these two works represent different sides of this chronological binary, it is telling that both represent Japanese society as being stratified based on a social hierarchy of ethnic difference. This article argues that Kim Sa-ryang and Kim Tal-su's efforts to subvert this distinction between the colonizer and the colonized fails because imperial structures, in both Imperial Japan and postwar Japan, prevent solidarity between Koreans and oppressed Japanese groups. The threads of continuity between these two works, therefore, pose a powerful critique of the postwar persistence of these structures and their continued impact on Japan, even while under the occupation of an external power.
{"title":"Failed Solidarity: Confronting Imperial Structures in Kim Sa-ryang's \"Into the Light\" and Kim Tal-su's \"Village with a View of Mt. Fuji\"","authors":"J. Glade","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Published twelve year's apart, Kim Sa-ryang's \"Into the Light\" (1939) and Kim Tal-su's \"Village with a View of Mt. Fuji\" (1951) straddle the August 15, 1945 border that separates Imperial Japan (or colonial Korea) from postwar occupied Japan (or \"liberated\" Korea). Since these two works represent different sides of this chronological binary, it is telling that both represent Japanese society as being stratified based on a social hierarchy of ethnic difference. This article argues that Kim Sa-ryang and Kim Tal-su's efforts to subvert this distinction between the colonizer and the colonized fails because imperial structures, in both Imperial Japan and postwar Japan, prevent solidarity between Koreans and oppressed Japanese groups. The threads of continuity between these two works, therefore, pose a powerful critique of the postwar persistence of these structures and their continued impact on Japan, even while under the occupation of an external power.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"191 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.006
H. Bae
ABSTRACT:In the nineteenth century, people in China, Korea, and Japan actively participated in popular protests. The rebellions in those countries had much in common, but one of the most striking differences is the degree of violence inflicted by these popular movements on their opponents. Chinese popular rebels were much more likely to kill or injure others than their counterparts in Korea and Japan. Such differences seem to be closely associated with the question of whether the rebel forces fought due to conflicting interests within the polity, or were seeking to build a new kingdom by pursuing a newly-risen religion while rejecting the existing ruling system and ideology that legitimized it. This paper will examine how the rebel forces based the legitimacy of their actions in relation to each country's "political culture." While popular movements in the West or the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were based on the idea that God was more powerful than the secular ruler, popular movements in Korea or Japan did not have a transcendent source of authority that was superior to the monarch. This paper argues that this made a crucial difference to how people thought and behaved, influencing the degree of violence they employed.
{"title":"Popular Movements and Violence in East Asia in the Nineteenth Century: Comparing the Ideological Foundations of their Legitimation","authors":"H. Bae","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the nineteenth century, people in China, Korea, and Japan actively participated in popular protests. The rebellions in those countries had much in common, but one of the most striking differences is the degree of violence inflicted by these popular movements on their opponents. Chinese popular rebels were much more likely to kill or injure others than their counterparts in Korea and Japan. Such differences seem to be closely associated with the question of whether the rebel forces fought due to conflicting interests within the polity, or were seeking to build a new kingdom by pursuing a newly-risen religion while rejecting the existing ruling system and ideology that legitimized it. This paper will examine how the rebel forces based the legitimacy of their actions in relation to each country's \"political culture.\" While popular movements in the West or the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were based on the idea that God was more powerful than the secular ruler, popular movements in Korea or Japan did not have a transcendent source of authority that was superior to the monarch. This paper argues that this made a crucial difference to how people thought and behaved, influencing the degree of violence they employed.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"233 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46917888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.002
Hyeokhui Kwon
ABSTRACT:This paper examines Japanese exhibitions of Korean people and culture at the Anthropological Pavilion of the Fifth National Industrial Exposition held in Osaka in 1903 and the Crystal Pavilion of the Tokyo Industrial Exposition of 1907. These two exhibitions represent the discourse on social Darwinism in Northeast Asia before Korea's colonization by Japan. In particular, the responses of Korean intellectuals in these displays reveal complicated discourses, including the ideals of "Solidarity among the Northeastern countries" and loyalty among those of a "Common Race and Common Culture" in Northeast Asia and the outpouring of patriotic nationalism for resistance to Japan. In the end their response to the exhibitions can be seen as a portrait of Korean intellectuals who, after hoping for strategic solidarity among members of the yellow race, turned instead to nationalism.
{"title":"An Analysis of Korean Intellectual Responses to the Exhibition of Koreans at Japanese Expositions: Nationalism and the Discourse on Northeast Asian Solidarity at the Turn of the Century","authors":"Hyeokhui Kwon","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper examines Japanese exhibitions of Korean people and culture at the Anthropological Pavilion of the Fifth National Industrial Exposition held in Osaka in 1903 and the Crystal Pavilion of the Tokyo Industrial Exposition of 1907. These two exhibitions represent the discourse on social Darwinism in Northeast Asia before Korea's colonization by Japan. In particular, the responses of Korean intellectuals in these displays reveal complicated discourses, including the ideals of \"Solidarity among the Northeastern countries\" and loyalty among those of a \"Common Race and Common Culture\" in Northeast Asia and the outpouring of patriotic nationalism for resistance to Japan. In the end their response to the exhibitions can be seen as a portrait of Korean intellectuals who, after hoping for strategic solidarity among members of the yellow race, turned instead to nationalism.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"19 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41837063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.001
K. Doak
Tanaka Kōtarō 田中耕太郎 (1890–1974) was one of the most important jurists of modern Japan. A widely travelled globalist intellectual, he is generally seen as culturally oriented toward the West. Yet his own contribution to international jurisprudence, his theory of World Law, is essentially globalist and critical of the Western imperialism implicit in the dominant strain of modern international law. In spite of the globalist implications of Tanaka's jurisprudence, there has been no attention to his relationship with Korea. This paper pioneers a study of Tanaka and Korea, focusing on two visits he made there in 1932 and in 1943. Outlining Tanaka's key ideas on world law and the Natural Law, the subjects of lectures he gave at Keijō Imperial University, it raises the question about whether Tanaka might have influenced faculty and students of law at Keijō Imperial University and possibly laid the groundwork for Korea's greatest Natural Law theorist Hwang Sandŏk 黃山德 (1917–1989). It also introduces, through Tanaka's ideas on World Law, an alternative to the "colonialist/nationalist" paradigm that influences much of historical writing about the Korean-Japanese historical relationship.
{"title":"Tanaka Kōtarō, Korea, and the Natural Law","authors":"K. Doak","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Tanaka Kōtarō 田中耕太郎 (1890–1974) was one of the most important jurists of modern Japan. A widely travelled globalist intellectual, he is generally seen as culturally oriented toward the West. Yet his own contribution to international jurisprudence, his theory of World Law, is essentially globalist and critical of the Western imperialism implicit in the dominant strain of modern international law. In spite of the globalist implications of Tanaka's jurisprudence, there has been no attention to his relationship with Korea. This paper pioneers a study of Tanaka and Korea, focusing on two visits he made there in 1932 and in 1943. Outlining Tanaka's key ideas on world law and the Natural Law, the subjects of lectures he gave at Keijō Imperial University, it raises the question about whether Tanaka might have influenced faculty and students of law at Keijō Imperial University and possibly laid the groundwork for Korea's greatest Natural Law theorist Hwang Sandŏk 黃山德 (1917–1989). It also introduces, through Tanaka's ideas on World Law, an alternative to the \"colonialist/nationalist\" paradigm that influences much of historical writing about the Korean-Japanese historical relationship.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.004
Christina Han
ABSTRACT:This paper examines the postwar commemoration of No In (1566–1622), a scholar and militia leader during the Imjin War, who was captured and taken to Japan, escaped to China, returned home after three years of adventures and hardship, and lived the remainder of his life as a military official and a Neo-Confucian scholar. No's memory was revived in the eighteenth century by his descendants, who appealed to the state to honor him as a hero who had been forgotten due to unfortunate circumstances in his later life. By comparing No's own accounts in his wartime diary with later biographies, this paper reveals that some important details in No's life that contradicted the biographers' visions of the hero were excluded in later commemorative biographies. The evolution and expansion of No In's biographies in post-Imjin War Chosŏn demonstrates the tensions and collaborations between the Hamp'yŏng No lineage, the elites of Honam, and the Chosŏn state, all three of which sought to increase and exercise their power and influence through their claimed connection to No In.
{"title":"A Scholar-Soldier in Mourning Robes: The Politics of Remembering Imjin War Hero No In (1566–1622)","authors":"Christina Han","doi":"10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/ESJEAS.2017.17.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper examines the postwar commemoration of No In (1566–1622), a scholar and militia leader during the Imjin War, who was captured and taken to Japan, escaped to China, returned home after three years of adventures and hardship, and lived the remainder of his life as a military official and a Neo-Confucian scholar. No's memory was revived in the eighteenth century by his descendants, who appealed to the state to honor him as a hero who had been forgotten due to unfortunate circumstances in his later life. By comparing No's own accounts in his wartime diary with later biographies, this paper reveals that some important details in No's life that contradicted the biographers' visions of the hero were excluded in later commemorative biographies. The evolution and expansion of No In's biographies in post-Imjin War Chosŏn demonstrates the tensions and collaborations between the Hamp'yŏng No lineage, the elites of Honam, and the Chosŏn state, all three of which sought to increase and exercise their power and influence through their claimed connection to No In.","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"61 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45186922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.21866/esjeas.2017.17.1.007
Cheolbae Son
{"title":"In the Service of His Korean Majesty: William Nelson Lovatt, the Pusan Customs, and Sino-Korea Relations, 1876–1888 by Wayne Patterson (review)","authors":"Cheolbae Son","doi":"10.21866/esjeas.2017.17.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21866/esjeas.2017.17.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41529,"journal":{"name":"Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"114 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45539547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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