Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-20
Mugahed. S. Sarhan, M. Saidin, Z. Othman
This article examines the religious-political ideology of the Houthi movement in Yemen. In particular, it explores the political objectives and historical roots of the Houthis’ rebellion that was initiated in 2004 and continued into 2009 through six rounds of wars, which were called Sa’dah wars. The Houthis implemented a military coup in 2014 against Mansour Hadi’s government and seized state institutions which led to Yemen’s current civil war. A catastrophic battle also erupted when the Saudi-led military coalition decided to intervene in the conflict in 2015, with the aim of restoring the legitimacy of the previous regime as well as defeating the Houthis insurgency. Despite numerous studies on the issues relating to civil war in Yemen, there is no adequate study on the perspective of Houthis’ religious-political ideology. This research is qualitative using in-depth interviews with seven experts and observers of the Yemeni war. This article analyses major reasons for the historical rebellion and the ongoing catastrophic war in Yemen, based on the Houthis’ religious-political ideology. The findings of this article inform that the current conflict in Yemen is rooted in historical circumstances which gave rise to a heavy responsibility or burden on the Houthis, whereby according to the theory of the divine right to rule, the Houthis and their ancestors, the Hashemites claim the monopoly of regional (present day Yemen) power. Thus, this theory has been considered as one of the key dynamics of the outbreak and the continuation of the current war in Yemen. It is very likely that the trend of increased Houthis’ rebellion will continue for the next few years in Yemen due to the movement’s firm aim of power struggle, based on their religious-political ideology of the ‘divine right to rule’.
{"title":"The Religious-Political Ideology of Houthis’ Rebellion in Yemen: Theoretical Perspective of the Divine Right to Rule","authors":"Mugahed. S. Sarhan, M. Saidin, Z. Othman","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-20","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the religious-political ideology of the Houthi movement in Yemen. In particular, it explores the political objectives and historical roots of the Houthis’ rebellion that was initiated in 2004 and continued into 2009 through six rounds of wars, which were called Sa’dah wars. The Houthis implemented a military coup in 2014 against Mansour Hadi’s government and seized state institutions which led to Yemen’s current civil war. A catastrophic battle also erupted when the Saudi-led military coalition decided to intervene in the conflict in 2015, with the aim of restoring the legitimacy of the previous regime as well as defeating the Houthis insurgency. Despite numerous studies on the issues relating to civil war in Yemen, there is no adequate study on the perspective of Houthis’ religious-political ideology. This research is qualitative using in-depth interviews with seven experts and observers of the Yemeni war. This article analyses major reasons for the historical rebellion and the ongoing catastrophic war in Yemen, based on the Houthis’ religious-political ideology. The findings of this article inform that the current conflict in Yemen is rooted in historical circumstances which gave rise to a heavy responsibility or burden on the Houthis, whereby according to the theory of the divine right to rule, the Houthis and their ancestors, the Hashemites claim the monopoly of regional (present day Yemen) power. Thus, this theory has been considered as one of the key dynamics of the outbreak and the continuation of the current war in Yemen. It is very likely that the trend of increased Houthis’ rebellion will continue for the next few years in Yemen due to the movement’s firm aim of power struggle, based on their religious-political ideology of the ‘divine right to rule’.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43068110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-16
Khalid Bin Hassan Al-Abri
Among internet users are those who hide their true personalities by having several identities and names on different sites. This research requires years of personal experience, careful observation, and analysis, which the researchers try to relate to reality. This paper discusses the consequence of fake accounts on the internet. The results of this study suggests one person may have multiple identities on different sites. As a result, the internet has become a hotbed for anyone to write and act irresponsibly. In the Islamic view, the reasons internet users have for hiding their real identities, can be divided into two categories; namely, acceptable and unacceptable or wrongful. Acceptable reasons include the need to protect identity, preventive measures, and fear of harm. Unacceptable or wrongful reasons include, harassment and spying.
{"title":"Reasons for Internet Users Using Fake Identity from an Islamic Perspective","authors":"Khalid Bin Hassan Al-Abri","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-16","url":null,"abstract":"Among internet users are those who hide their true personalities by having several identities and names on different sites. This research requires years of personal experience, careful observation, and analysis, which the researchers try to relate to reality. This paper discusses the consequence of fake accounts on the internet. The results of this study suggests one person may have multiple identities on different sites. As a result, the internet has become a hotbed for anyone to write and act irresponsibly. In the Islamic view, the reasons internet users have for hiding their real identities, can be divided into two categories; namely, acceptable and unacceptable or wrongful. Acceptable reasons include the need to protect identity, preventive measures, and fear of harm. Unacceptable or wrongful reasons include, harassment and spying.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43492991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-10
Jaffary Awang, A. Ramli, Z. AB RAHMAN
Memahami dan menguasai pemikiran dan sumber rujukan rakan dialog merupakan antara pendekatan terbaik dalam berdialog. Hal ini supaya topik dialog berlaku secara ilmiah seterusnya mencapai objektif dialog. Artikel ini membincangkan kerangka dialog antara agama Imam al-Ghazali (m. 1111M) dalam dialog antara agama. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan terhadap karya-karya agung Imam al-Ghazali yang membincangkan perihal agama lain, khususnya penganut Kristian dalam kitab al-Radd al-jamīlli ilāhiyyatʿĪsā bi-ṣarīḥ al-Injīl. Kajian mendapati, terdapat tiga pendekatan Imam al-Ghazali dalam berdialog, iaitu secara perdebatan, perbandingan teologi dan apologetik. Melalui pendekatan ini, al-Ghazali terlebih dahulu mengenal pasti isu utama yang menjadi perbezaan antara doktrin Islam dan Kristian, iaitu ketuhanan Isa. Seterusnya beliau membuat perbandingan teologi dengan menafsirkan semula teks tersebut berpandukan teks lain dalam Injil dan al-Qur’an. Al-Ghazali turut menggunakan unsur rasional dalam mengkritik kelemahan doktrin Kristian. Kajian mencadangkan penggunaan pendekatan dialog al-Ghazali digunakan dalam konteks dialog teologi bagi mengenal pasti titik pertemuan dan perbezaan antara penganut agama secara objektif dan kritis.
{"title":"Refleksi al-Ghazali dalam Dialog Antara Agama","authors":"Jaffary Awang, A. Ramli, Z. AB RAHMAN","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-10","url":null,"abstract":"Memahami dan menguasai pemikiran dan sumber rujukan rakan dialog merupakan antara pendekatan terbaik dalam berdialog. Hal ini supaya topik dialog berlaku secara ilmiah seterusnya mencapai objektif dialog. Artikel ini membincangkan kerangka dialog antara agama Imam al-Ghazali (m. 1111M) dalam dialog antara agama. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan terhadap karya-karya agung Imam al-Ghazali yang membincangkan perihal agama lain, khususnya penganut Kristian dalam kitab al-Radd al-jamīlli ilāhiyyatʿĪsā bi-ṣarīḥ al-Injīl. Kajian mendapati, terdapat tiga pendekatan Imam al-Ghazali dalam berdialog, iaitu secara perdebatan, perbandingan teologi dan apologetik. Melalui pendekatan ini, al-Ghazali terlebih dahulu mengenal pasti isu utama yang menjadi perbezaan antara doktrin Islam dan Kristian, iaitu ketuhanan Isa. Seterusnya beliau membuat perbandingan teologi dengan menafsirkan semula teks tersebut berpandukan teks lain dalam Injil dan al-Qur’an. Al-Ghazali turut menggunakan unsur rasional dalam mengkritik kelemahan doktrin Kristian. Kajian mencadangkan penggunaan pendekatan dialog al-Ghazali digunakan dalam konteks dialog teologi bagi mengenal pasti titik pertemuan dan perbezaan antara penganut agama secara objektif dan kritis.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45839526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-4
Siddig Ahmad, Wan Suhaimi Wan Abdullah
Salah satu tema perbahasan yang banyak dibincangkan dalam kesarjanaan ilmu dalam kalangan ilmuan Islam pada hari ini ialah berhubung konsep maqasid serta istilah yang berhubung dengannya iaitu maqasid al-Quran, maqasid al-syari’ah dan juga pendekatan tafsir yang dinamakan tafsir al-maqsidi. Namun, penggunaan ketiga-tiga istilah tersebut saling bertukar dan sering bertindan antara satu sama lain. Tambahan pula, terdapat kecenderungan para ilmuan Islam masa kini yang melihat bahawa ketiga-tiga istilah tersebut menjurus kepada satu perbahasan yang sama iaitu maqasid al-syar’iyyah. Justeru, penulisan ini dibuat untuk mengangkat kembali faham maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh Imam al-Ghazali, menyelusuri sejarah perkembangan penggunaan istilah maqasid al-Quran daripada awal penggunaannya iaitu bermula abad ke-10 sehingga ke hari ini serta skop pembahagiannya. Di akhir perbincangan ini, penulis akan mengemukakan analisis perbandingan skop pembahagian maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh Imam al-Ghazali dengan perbahasan maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh para ulama’ selepasnya dan analisis berhubung penggunaan istilah maqasid al-Quran. Kekeliruan berhubung dengan istilah tersebut diperjelaskan agar penggunaannya adalah benar dan menempati kedudukannya yang sebenar.
{"title":"Hakikat Maqasid Al-Qur’an Imam Al-Ghazali Dan Perkembangan Perbahasan Berkenaan Maqasid Masa Kini","authors":"Siddig Ahmad, Wan Suhaimi Wan Abdullah","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-4","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu tema perbahasan yang banyak dibincangkan dalam kesarjanaan ilmu dalam kalangan ilmuan Islam pada hari ini ialah berhubung konsep maqasid serta istilah yang berhubung dengannya iaitu maqasid al-Quran, maqasid al-syari’ah dan juga pendekatan tafsir yang dinamakan tafsir al-maqsidi. Namun, penggunaan ketiga-tiga istilah tersebut saling bertukar dan sering bertindan antara satu sama lain. Tambahan pula, terdapat kecenderungan para ilmuan Islam masa kini yang melihat bahawa ketiga-tiga istilah tersebut menjurus kepada satu perbahasan yang sama iaitu maqasid al-syar’iyyah. Justeru, penulisan ini dibuat untuk mengangkat kembali faham maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh Imam al-Ghazali, menyelusuri sejarah perkembangan penggunaan istilah maqasid al-Quran daripada awal penggunaannya iaitu bermula abad ke-10 sehingga ke hari ini serta skop pembahagiannya. Di akhir perbincangan ini, penulis akan mengemukakan analisis perbandingan skop pembahagian maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh Imam al-Ghazali dengan perbahasan maqasid al-Quran yang dikemukakan oleh para ulama’ selepasnya dan analisis berhubung penggunaan istilah maqasid al-Quran. Kekeliruan berhubung dengan istilah tersebut diperjelaskan agar penggunaannya adalah benar dan menempati kedudukannya yang sebenar.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-5(
Erasiah Erasiah, Farid Mat Zain
Selain tokoh pendidikan, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli juga dikenal sebagai tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam politik. Makalah ini memnincangkan tentang aktiviti politik Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Selain itu, makalah ini juga menggunakan teori creative minority yang dikembangkan oleh Toynbee, bahawa penindasan selalu melahirkan adanya a tiny creative minority (kelompok kecil dari kalangan minoritas kreatif). Dapatan dalam penelitian ini bahawa ketokohan politik Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli dalam menghadapi kolonial menempuh cara kooperatif. Cara kooperatif tersebut, masyarakat Minangkabau diuntungkan secara politik. Pada masa kolonialisme Belanda Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli telah berjaya mendirikan VIOS (Vereeniging Ittihadul Oelama Sumatera). Mendirikan organisasi Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Perti). Berjaya mematahkan RUU Kahwin daftar yang dirancang kolonial Belanda. Pada masa kolonialisme Jepun, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli membentuk Majelis Islam Tinggi Minangkabau (MITM) dan dipercaya sebagai Ketua Umum Majelis itu. Beliau juga berjaya menyemarakkan semangat pemuda untuk memasuki Laskar Rakyat. Setelah kemerdekaan, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli sebagai ketua sidang Dewan Konstituante pada tahun 1955. Penasehat tertinggi Partai Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah. Salah seorang tokoh pendiri Lasykar Muslimin Indonesia (Lasymi). Penasihat Gabernor Militer Sumatera Tengah. Ketua Komisi MUSI (Musyawarah Ulama Seluruh Indonesia) di Palembang dalam menentang komunisme.
{"title":"Biografi Politik Shaykh Sulaiman Al-Rasuli (1871-1970): Ulama Kemerdekaan Indonesia","authors":"Erasiah Erasiah, Farid Mat Zain","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-5(","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-5(","url":null,"abstract":"Selain tokoh pendidikan, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli juga dikenal sebagai tokoh yang memiliki peranan penting dalam politik. Makalah ini memnincangkan tentang aktiviti politik Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Selain itu, makalah ini juga menggunakan teori creative minority yang dikembangkan oleh Toynbee, bahawa penindasan selalu melahirkan adanya a tiny creative minority (kelompok kecil dari kalangan minoritas kreatif). Dapatan dalam penelitian ini bahawa ketokohan politik Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli dalam menghadapi kolonial menempuh cara kooperatif. Cara kooperatif tersebut, masyarakat Minangkabau diuntungkan secara politik. Pada masa kolonialisme Belanda Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli telah berjaya mendirikan VIOS (Vereeniging Ittihadul Oelama Sumatera). Mendirikan organisasi Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Perti). Berjaya mematahkan RUU Kahwin daftar yang dirancang kolonial Belanda. Pada masa kolonialisme Jepun, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli membentuk Majelis Islam Tinggi Minangkabau (MITM) dan dipercaya sebagai Ketua Umum Majelis itu. Beliau juga berjaya menyemarakkan semangat pemuda untuk memasuki Laskar Rakyat. Setelah kemerdekaan, Shaykh Sulaiman al-Rasuli sebagai ketua sidang Dewan Konstituante pada tahun 1955. Penasehat tertinggi Partai Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah. Salah seorang tokoh pendiri Lasykar Muslimin Indonesia (Lasymi). Penasihat Gabernor Militer Sumatera Tengah. Ketua Komisi MUSI (Musyawarah Ulama Seluruh Indonesia) di Palembang dalam menentang komunisme.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47533091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44IK-6
Nozira Salleh, Indriaty Ismail, S. Ismail
Dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya novel coronavirus atau dikenali secara ringkasnya Covid-19 pada akhir 2019 di Wuhan, Negara China. Hari demi hari, angka mereka yang disahkan menghidapi novel coronavirus meningkat. Ia telah merebak pantas ke seluruh dunia, bahkan melibatkan jutaan pesakit dan juga kematian. Dalam mendepani wabak tersebut, sesungguhnya ramai Muslim secara khususnya dan manusia secara amnya agak panik, keliru, gusar dan bimbang yang mana ia tentunya menggugat keharmonian diri dan masyarakat. Justeru, artikel ini cuba menerokai dan menyelidiki sifat sabar menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan kepentingan penghayatannya kepada umat Islam secara khususnya dalam menghadapi cabaran dan kesan Covid-19. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kepustakaan dengan merujuk kepada buku, artikel jurnal, bab dalam buku, suratkhabar dan bahan-bahan yang berkaitan dengan tajuk. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sifat sabar yang diamalkan oleh Muslim terutama dalam mendepani cabaran dan ancaman Covid-19 mampu melahirkan sifat tenang, damai, kuat dan redha dengan pelbagai ujian yang melanda.
{"title":"Konsep Sabar Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) dan Relevansinya dalam Mendepani Covid-19","authors":"Nozira Salleh, Indriaty Ismail, S. Ismail","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44IK-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44IK-6","url":null,"abstract":"Dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya novel coronavirus atau dikenali secara ringkasnya Covid-19 pada akhir 2019 di Wuhan, Negara China. Hari demi hari, angka mereka yang disahkan menghidapi novel coronavirus meningkat. Ia telah merebak pantas ke seluruh dunia, bahkan melibatkan jutaan pesakit dan juga kematian. Dalam mendepani wabak tersebut, sesungguhnya ramai Muslim secara khususnya dan manusia secara amnya agak panik, keliru, gusar dan bimbang yang mana ia tentunya menggugat keharmonian diri dan masyarakat. Justeru, artikel ini cuba menerokai dan menyelidiki sifat sabar menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan kepentingan penghayatannya kepada umat Islam secara khususnya dalam menghadapi cabaran dan kesan Covid-19. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kepustakaan dengan merujuk kepada buku, artikel jurnal, bab dalam buku, suratkhabar dan bahan-bahan yang berkaitan dengan tajuk. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sifat sabar yang diamalkan oleh Muslim terutama dalam mendepani cabaran dan ancaman Covid-19 mampu melahirkan sifat tenang, damai, kuat dan redha dengan pelbagai ujian yang melanda.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-11
Umar Muhammad Noor
Antropomorfisme terus menjadi salah satu topik terpenting dalam wacana akidah Sunni pada hari ini antara kalangan Ash’ari dan Salafi. Polemik tentang perkara ini sebahagian besarnya dibina di atas persoalan bagaimana mentafsirkan ungkapan antropomorfistik yang terkandung dalam teks-tekas agama. Artikel ini akan mendedahkan metode al-Ghazālī dalam membincangkan hadith-hadith ṣifāt menerusi analisis kritis ke atas pelbagai karya akidah beliau yang telah diterbitkan. Kajian kepustakaan yang bertumpu kepada analisis dokumen diamalkan dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa al-Ghazālī aktif menggunakan pendekatan takwil (pentafsiran majazi) untuk meluruskan kefahaman tentang kandungan hadith ṣifāt agar selari dengan prinsip tawhid dan tarnsendensi tuhan. Pendekatan ini adalah kelanjutkan daripada sikap pertengahan beliau dalam menerima kebenaran wahyu dan ketetapan akal. Justeru, sokongan al-Ghazālī kepada takwil selalu diiringi dengan kritikan kepada rasionalisme Mu‘tazilah dan literalisme Ḥanābilah. Meskipun menerima dan mengamalkan takwil, aan tetapi al-Ghazali berpandangan bahawa pendekatan ini bukan untuk semua orang. Sebaliknya, takwil hanya dibenarkan untuk kalangan ulama tertentu yang memiliki ketajaman analisis dan tahapan spritualiti yang memungkinkan mereka untuk memahami mesej hadith dengan tepat. Berbeza dengan pandangan sesetengah pengkaji, al-Ghazālī konsisten berpegang dengan pandangan positif kepada takwil dalam karya teologi beliau yang terakhir iaitu Iljām al-‘Awām ‘an ‘Ilm al-Kalām.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-01
Abdull Rahman Mahmood, Ibrahim Hamed Hassan Abu Suailk, W. Khairuddin, Nur ‘Izzati Hashim
Al-Ghazālī is considered as imam (the most prominent) in epistemological critique and religious sects during his time, and one of the most prominent in defending the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah (Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites). He is also considered one of the most prominent of theorizing of the Ash‘arī theology (Asharites or Ashʿarism) and Sufi thought. He was able to purify philosophy from superstition, and clarifies what is bad from what is sound, and he is considered as mujaddid (reformer) in his time. He was also distinguished by his intelligence, quality of writing, and erudition, as the objectives of the research were the manifestation of al-Ghazālī’s approach in defending the Islamic faith and his opinion on philosophy, theology, mysticism, and al-Bāṭiniyyah (The Sect of Batiniyya; esotericism) through studying his position in his book al-Iqtiṣād fī al-Iʿtiqād (The Moderation in Belief), Tahāfut al-Falāsifah (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl (The Rescuer from Error) and Fadā’ih al-Bāṭiniyyah (The Infamies of the Esotericists). His positions were studied according to the historical, inductive, analytical, and critical research method. The study found that al-Ghazālī was able to be the master of his time in defending and establishing the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah, as he was also aware of the war to the al-Bāṭiniyyah and scholars, sultans, and the common people were charged with its war. Likewise, al-Ghazālī worked on establishing the Islamic faith and demonstrating it with textual and rational evidence. He criticized ‘Ilm al-Kalām (Islamic scholastic theology) and aiming it in accordance with the Islamic faith, and its use in defending and defining the Islamic faith and called for it to be preserved from the common people and to be used only in defence of the Islamic faith.
Al-Ghazālī被认为是他那个时代认识论批判和宗教派别中最杰出的伊玛目，也是捍卫逊尼派穆斯林、逊尼派、逊尼派信仰的最杰出人物之一。他也被认为是阿什尔神学(阿什尔派或阿什尔主义)和苏菲思想的最突出的理论化之一。他能够从迷信中净化哲学，并澄清什么是坏的，什么是正确的，他被认为是他那个时代的圣战者(改革者)。他的聪明才智、写作质量和博学也使他出类拔萃，因为他的研究目标是体现al-Ghazālī捍卫伊斯兰信仰的方法，以及他对哲学、神学、神秘主义和al-Bāṭiniyyah(巴蒂尼亚教派;通过研究他在他的书al-Iqtiṣād fqidh al- i - tiqād(信仰的中庸)，Tahāfut al-Falāsifah(哲学家的不连贯)，al- munqidh min al-Ḍalāl(从错误中拯救者)和fadha ' ih al-Bāṭiniyyah(神秘主义者的耻辱)中的立场。他的观点是根据历史、归纳、分析和批判的研究方法来研究的。研究发现，al-Ghazālī在捍卫和建立Ahl al-Sunnah wa al- jamir ' ah的信仰方面能够成为他那个时代的主人，因为他也知道al-Bāṭiniyyah和学者，苏丹和普通民众都被指控参与战争。同样，al-Ghazālī致力于建立伊斯兰信仰，并用文字和理性的证据来证明它。他批评' Ilm al-Kalām(伊斯兰经院神学)，并将其与伊斯兰信仰相一致，并将其用于捍卫和定义伊斯兰信仰，并呼吁将其与普通人隔离开来，仅用于捍卫伊斯兰信仰。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-15
Azlizan Mat Enh, Boon Dar Ku, Alias Othman
Campurtangan kuasa-kuasa besar Eropah dalam konflik Bosnia-Herzegovina 1875-1878 telah menyebabkan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniah menandatangani Perjanjian Berlin 1878. Salah satu syarat Perjanjian Berlin adalah meletakkan pentadbiran Bosnia-Herzegovina di bawah mandat pemerintahan kerajaan Austria-Hungary. Bermula dari titik ini, memperlihatkan berlakunya proses migrasi di Bosnia-Herzegovina dalam kalangan penduduknya terutama orang Muslim. Artikel ini bertujuan mengupas isu-isu yang menyebabkan penghijrahan orang Muslim dari Bosnia-Herzegovina ke wilayah-wilayah lain dalam empayar Turki Uthmaniah sebelum meletusnya Perang Dunia Pertama. Analisis data primer digunakan ke atas rekod-rekod British daripada kedutaannya di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Hasil kajian mendapati isu agama merupakan faktor utama dalam proses migrasi yang berlaku di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Proses migrasi semakin meningkat selepas Bosnia-Herzegovina diumumkan secara rasmi di bawah pentadbiran Austria-Hungary pada 1908.
{"title":"Penghijrahan Awal Masyarakat Muslim Bosnia-Herzegovina","authors":"Azlizan Mat Enh, Boon Dar Ku, Alias Othman","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-15","url":null,"abstract":"Campurtangan kuasa-kuasa besar Eropah dalam konflik Bosnia-Herzegovina 1875-1878 telah menyebabkan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniah menandatangani Perjanjian Berlin 1878. Salah satu syarat Perjanjian Berlin adalah meletakkan pentadbiran Bosnia-Herzegovina di bawah mandat pemerintahan kerajaan Austria-Hungary. Bermula dari titik ini, memperlihatkan berlakunya proses migrasi di Bosnia-Herzegovina dalam kalangan penduduknya terutama orang Muslim. Artikel ini bertujuan mengupas isu-isu yang menyebabkan penghijrahan orang Muslim dari Bosnia-Herzegovina ke wilayah-wilayah lain dalam empayar Turki Uthmaniah sebelum meletusnya Perang Dunia Pertama. Analisis data primer digunakan ke atas rekod-rekod British daripada kedutaannya di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Hasil kajian mendapati isu agama merupakan faktor utama dalam proses migrasi yang berlaku di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Proses migrasi semakin meningkat selepas Bosnia-Herzegovina diumumkan secara rasmi di bawah pentadbiran Austria-Hungary pada 1908.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-13
Syaidatun Nazirah Abu Zahrin, Rezki Perdani Sawai, Joki Perdani Sawai, Che Sulaila Che Harun
The 4.0 industrial revolution (4IR) is one of the biggest challenges faced by every individual, especially psychologists of this century. In this article, the authors will examine the preparation for challenges psychologists face in helping individuals deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution. 4IR comprises of ten pillars: automation robots, simulations, system integration, multi-purpose internet, cyber security, public computing, additional material creation, reinforced reality, large data analysis, and system integration. This conceptual paper covers articles and books from year 1998 to 2020. This article aims to help psychologists become more knowledgeable about how their disciplinary expertise can assist in discussions, research, and policy initiatives relating to 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to outline the challenges faced by the Muslim psychologists in the era of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and how to deal with the challenges diligently. Psychologists are responsible for designing and implementing interventions to deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Psychologists’ involvement is needed to increase psychological support to individuals, in particular, and to society as a whole. Hence, the mental health and mental strength of psychologists are important in preparation for the 4IR challenge.
{"title":"Muslim Psychologists in Facing Challenges of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution","authors":"Syaidatun Nazirah Abu Zahrin, Rezki Perdani Sawai, Joki Perdani Sawai, Che Sulaila Che Harun","doi":"10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-13","url":null,"abstract":"The 4.0 industrial revolution (4IR) is one of the biggest challenges faced by every individual, especially psychologists of this century. In this article, the authors will examine the preparation for challenges psychologists face in helping individuals deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution. 4IR comprises of ten pillars: automation robots, simulations, system integration, multi-purpose internet, cyber security, public computing, additional material creation, reinforced reality, large data analysis, and system integration. This conceptual paper covers articles and books from year 1998 to 2020. This article aims to help psychologists become more knowledgeable about how their disciplinary expertise can assist in discussions, research, and policy initiatives relating to 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to outline the challenges faced by the Muslim psychologists in the era of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and how to deal with the challenges diligently. Psychologists are responsible for designing and implementing interventions to deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Psychologists’ involvement is needed to increase psychological support to individuals, in particular, and to society as a whole. Hence, the mental health and mental strength of psychologists are important in preparation for the 4IR challenge.","PeriodicalId":41576,"journal":{"name":"Islamiyyat-The International Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43764165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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