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Food Behaviours among Male Subjects from Regions in the Coastal Belt of South Kanara: Influencing Factors 南卡纳拉沿海地区男性受试者的食物行为:影响因素
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885380
Archana Prabhat, K. Begum
Abstract Food behaviors of male population are less frequently studied; however it is important to understand the food behavior pattern. This study aimed to determine food behavior of adult males belonging to different socio-economic and occupational status from Western belt of coastal Karnataka in South India. Information regarding factors contributing to decisionmaking about food procurement in the family, eating outside and other food related habits was obtained through pretested questionnaires. Food purchase behaviors were distinctly different in the two groups, professionals (PS) prioritized likes/dislikes (62.6%) followed by nutritional requirements (24%) while the daily wagers (DW) considered cost of food followed by likes/dislikes. 32% of DW mentioned eat the food available and 29.3% ate what was liked. On the other hand, 50% PS ate according to their liking. Boiled rice was the staple food. 26.6 and 64.0% of PS consumed pulses daily and weekly while majority (77.3%) of DW consumed weekly. Fruits were consumed more by PS. Sea foods and eggs were consumed frequently by PS. Among the beverages, tea and coffee was used by 94% PS while DW had Kashaya (56%) Eating outside was more frequent among PS (56%). Alcohol intake (33%) and smoking (46.6%) were significantly high among DW. Education, income and lifestyle patterns were major determining factors. Decision making for food procurement and distribution was associated with likes and dislikes and the cost.
摘要男性群体的食物行为研究较少;然而,了解饮食行为模式是很重要的。本研究旨在研究印度南部卡纳塔克邦西部沿海地区不同社会经济和职业地位的成年男性的食物行为。通过预先测试的问卷,获得了有关影响家庭食品采购决策、外出就餐和其他食品相关习惯的因素的信息。两组的食物购买行为有明显差异,专业人士(PS)优先考虑喜欢/不喜欢(62.6%),其次是营养需求(24%),而日常投注者(DW)优先考虑食物的成本,其次是喜欢/不喜欢。32%的DW提到吃现成的食物,29.3%的人说吃自己喜欢的食物。另一方面,50%的PS根据自己的喜好进食。煮熟的米饭是主食。26.6%和64.0%的PS每天和每周食用豆类,而大多数DW每周食用豆类(77.3%)。在饮料中,94%的PS使用茶和咖啡,而DW使用Kashaya(56%)。在PS中,外出就餐的频率更高(56%)。酒精摄入(33%)和吸烟(46.6%)在DW中显著较高。教育、收入和生活方式是主要的决定因素。食品采购和分配的决策与好恶和成本有关。
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引用次数: 0
Individual Autonomy of Muslim Married Working Women in India and Iran: A Comparative Study of Mysore and Ahvaz Cities 印度和伊朗穆斯林已婚职业妇女的个人自治权:迈索尔和阿瓦士的比较研究
Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885378
N. Sarikhani
Abstract This research intends to report the individual autonomy of Muslim working women in government offices in Mysore and Ahvaz cities and discuss the effective factors in increasing the individual autonomy of Muslim working women in their families. The methodology which was used in this comparative study relied on interviewing and questionnaire as the primary data gathering methods. Total sample comprised 300 Muslim women working in the government sectors, 150 in Mysore (India) and 150 in Ahvaz (Iran). Results revealed that although individual autonomy of Muslim working women is low, a change of attitude can be observed among Muslim men towards women and their role in the individual autonomy. Moreover, women are not totally ignored and are consulted. Men’s education seems to play a major role in the involvement of Muslim women in the process of decision-making, and it can reduce erroneous traditions among the Muslims. Overall, the results indicate a shift from one-sided male authority to sharing the power by both husband and wife.
摘要本研究旨在报告迈索尔和阿瓦士市穆斯林职业妇女在政府机关的个人自主权,并探讨提高穆斯林职业妇女在家庭中的个人自主权的有效因素。本比较研究采用的方法是访谈和问卷调查作为主要的数据收集方法。总样本包括300名在政府部门工作的穆斯林妇女,150名在迈索尔(印度),150名在阿瓦士(伊朗)。结果显示,尽管穆斯林职业女性的个人自主性较低,但穆斯林男性对女性及其在个人自主性中的作用的态度发生了变化。此外,妇女并没有完全被忽视,而是被征求意见。男性的教育似乎在穆斯林女性参与决策过程中发挥了重要作用,它可以减少穆斯林中的错误传统。总的来说,结果表明,从单方面的男性权威到夫妻双方分享权力的转变。
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引用次数: 2
Constraints Faced by the Women Beneficiaries under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 《圣雄甘地全国农村就业保障法》下妇女受益人面临的制约
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885373
N. Tiwari, Rajshree Upadhyay
Abstract The present study was conducted in Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of the study was to find out constraints faced by the women beneficiaries under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected respondents from two panchayat samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Finding of the study shows that personal and family (79.16 Mean Percent scores) were the major constraints faced by them.
本研究是在北方邦法扎巴德地区进行的。这项研究的目的是找出妇女受益人在《圣雄甘地全国农村就业保障法》下面临的限制。样本包括从两个村委会随机抽取的100名受访者。采用个人访谈法收集数据。研究发现,个人和家庭(平均百分比得分79.16)是他们面临的主要制约因素。
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引用次数: 10
Financial Literacy: An Essential Tool for Empowerment of Women through Micro-finance 金融知识:通过小额信贷增强妇女权能的重要工具
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885370
Heena K. Bijli
Abstract Micro-finance, through micro-credit has emerged as the biggest women’s empowerment strategy for low-income groups across India. Besides the SHG-Bank linkage programme gaining success in the country, the MFIs are playing appreciable roles in providing micro-credit to SHGs, in collaboration with the government, NGOs and social organizations. But experiences at the micro-level of SHGs tell us that micro-finance is not always being effective in poverty alleviation and the questions being addressed here are related to financial practices within SHGs and knowledge of credit usage. The study looks at the money management practices of women SHG members, who were users of micro-credit through an MFI called Grameen Koota in Karnataka. On the basis of the findings that revealed limited knowledge of the women regarding value for savings, cash flow management, capital formation and account keeping, financial literacy modules were developed for empowerment of SHG members, one of which has been presented in this study in detail.
小额信贷已成为印度低收入群体最大的妇女赋权战略。除了在该国取得成功的SHG-Bank联系方案外,小额信贷机构与政府、非政府组织和社会组织合作,在向shg提供小额信贷方面发挥了重要作用。但是,在地方政府集团微观层面的经验告诉我们,小额信贷在扶贫方面并不总是有效的,这里要解决的问题与地方政府集团内部的金融实践和信贷使用知识有关。该研究着眼于SHG女性成员的资金管理实践,她们是卡纳塔克邦一家名为Grameen Koota的小额信贷机构的小额信贷用户。调查结果显示,妇女对储蓄价值、现金流管理、资本形成和账户管理的知识有限,因此开发了金融知识模块,以增强SHG成员的能力,本研究中详细介绍了其中一个模块。
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引用次数: 17
A Comparative Study on Adolescent-Parent Relationship among Boys and Girls in a Rural Setting 农村地区男孩和女孩青少年父母关系的比较研究
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885377
Shaheeda Shaban, Nadhia Hussain Mattoo
Abstract The present study was aimed to study the relationship of adolescent boys and girls from district Anantnag of Kashmir valley with their mothers and fathers. To gather information on a sample of 40 male and 40 female respondents, Parent-Child relationship Scale developed by Nalini Rao (1989) was used. The results reveal that a highly significant difference was observed between the use of symbolic punishment, rejecting, loving dimension and gender of the child while no significant difference was found when protecting dimension was compared to the gender of the adolescent.
摘要本研究旨在研究克什米尔谷地Anantnag地区青少年男女与父母的关系。采用Nalini Rao(1989)的亲子关系量表对40名男性和40名女性受访者进行问卷调查。结果发现,儿童符号惩罚、拒绝、爱的使用维度与性别之间存在显著差异,青少年保护的使用维度与性别之间无显著差异。
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引用次数: 10
Psycho-physiological Problems among Dual Career Women: A Cause of Stress 双重职业女性的心理生理问题:压力的原因
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885369
S. Kwatra, N. Kaur, Payal Raghubansi
Abstract As women enter the work force, they have to face some physical and psychological stresses in the work environment. They have to bear pressure created by the multiple roles they have to play in conflicting situations, which may adversely affect their job performance. More than a quarter million working women surveyed and observed difficulty in balancing work and family. Keeping in mind the above situation, the study was planned with the objectives to study the effects of stress on physiological and psychological parameters and to suggest possible approaches to stress management. For this an experimental research design was chosen. Various physiological and psychological tests and observation sheets were used to ascertain the effects of stress. Nearby areas of Uttarakhand state were selected for the study and the purposive sampling design was used to select the study area and sample size. A total sample size of 125 respondents, having equal representatives (25 each) from the five job categories was taken. The major findings of the study are that a considerable average difference in blood pressure (7.9 mmHg) and pulse pressure (5.0 mmHg) was found among the people working in private sector, whereas the difference in heart rate, respiration rate and temperature was found more among the workers of bank/LIC as 9.2 beats/min, 5.8 cycles/min and 0.56oF respectively. In case of psychological parameters, aptitude test and letter cancellation test was done and found that the performance of the workers reduces in the evening as compare to morning and the difference was 7.16 and 5.68 respectively, which altogether shows the physical as well as psychological stress among them.
随着女性进入职场,她们在工作环境中不得不面对一些生理和心理上的压力。他们必须承受在冲突的情况下扮演多重角色所产生的压力,这可能会对他们的工作表现产生不利影响。超过25万的职业女性接受了调查,发现她们在平衡工作和家庭方面存在困难。考虑到上述情况,本研究计划的目的是研究压力对生理和心理参数的影响,并提出可能的压力管理方法。为此选择了实验研究设计。使用各种生理和心理测试和观察表来确定压力的影响。选择北阿坎德邦附近的地区进行研究,并采用有目的的抽样设计来选择研究区域和样本量。样本总数为125人,来自五个工作类别的代表人数相等(各25人)。该研究的主要发现是,在私营部门工作的人在血压(7.9毫米汞柱)和脉压(5.0毫米汞柱)方面有相当大的平均差异,而在银行/LIC工作的人在心率、呼吸率和体温方面的差异更大,分别为9.2次/分、5.8次/分和0.56次/分。在心理参数方面,通过能力倾向测试和信件取消测试发现,工人的绩效在晚上比早上下降,差异分别为7.16和5.68,这共同表明了工人的身体和心理压力。
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引用次数: 3
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Rural Anganwadi Children of Aligarh under the ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) and Rural Health 在ICDS(儿童综合发展服务)和农村健康框架下对阿里加尔农村Anganwadi儿童营养状况的评估
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885372
F. Alim, Farhat Jahan
Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children (0-3 years) among 16 Anganwadis in 5 villages in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) registered under the ICDS scheme. A self-prepared structured interview schedule was used. To get the qualitative information of the study anthropometric measures include height and weight were used for assessing nutritional status of the children. The stepwise analysis of two variables height for age and weight for age was applicable on the basis of Waterlow’s and Gomez’ classification. To examine the relationship between nutritional status of the child and selected variable that affects nutritional status of children, Chi-square test was employed. Based on Gomez’ classification, out of 300 children, only 229 (76.4%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of which 188 (62.7%) children were normal while 41 (13.7%) were underweight. Based on Waterlow’s classification out of 300 children, only 229 (76.4%) of children received supplementary nutrition through ICDS out of these children 148 (49.4%) were normal while 81 (27%) were stunted. It can thus be concluded that majority of children were normal who received supplementary nutrition through ICDS.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:本研究对印度北方邦阿里加尔5个村庄16名安干瓦迪儿童(0-3岁)的营养状况进行了调查。我们使用了自己准备的结构化面试时间表。为了获得研究的定性信息,我们使用身高和体重等人体测量指标来评估儿童的营养状况。在Waterlow和Gomez分类的基础上,对年龄的身高和年龄的体重两个变量进行逐步分析。为检验儿童营养状况与所选影响儿童营养状况的变量之间的关系,采用卡方检验。根据戈麦斯的分类,在300名儿童中,通过ICDS补充营养的儿童只有229名(76.4%),其中188名(62.7%)正常,41名(13.7%)体重不足。根据Waterlow的分类,在300名儿童中,通过ICDS获得补充营养的儿童只有229名(76.4%),其中148名(49.4%)正常,81名(27%)发育不良。因此,大多数儿童通过ICDS获得补充营养是正常的。
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引用次数: 14
A Study on Impact of Divorce upon the Attitude and Social Relations of Women in Srinagar District 离婚对斯利那加地区妇女态度和社会关系的影响研究
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885376
Nadhia Hussain Mattoo, Yasmeen Ashai
Abstract The present study was conducted on a sample of 40 divorced women. Random sampling technique was used to select the sample and self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results revealed that most of the marriages were successful in the beginning but later deteriorated with cruelty being the main reason for divorce. For working women salary was the only source of income but non-working women were dependant on their parents to fulfill their basic needs. The problem was even greater for women who had the custody of children. Majority of the women studied blamed the other partner for divorce and didn’t regret their decision of divorce. The only emotion they felt for their ex-husbands was hatred and most of the women didn’t want to marry again.
摘要本研究以40名离婚女性为研究对象。采用随机抽样方法选择样本,采用自行设计的问卷收集数据。结果显示,大多数婚姻一开始都很成功,但后来却恶化了,离婚的主要原因是残酷。对于职业妇女来说,工资是唯一的收入来源,而非职业妇女则依靠父母来满足其基本需要。对于拥有孩子监护权的女性来说,问题更大。大多数被调查的女性都将离婚归咎于另一半,而且并不后悔自己的离婚决定。她们对前夫唯一的感情就是仇恨,大多数女人不想再结婚了。
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引用次数: 4
Impact of Parental and Contextual Factors on Differential Treatment of Siblings in the Families 父母和环境因素对家庭兄弟姐妹差别待遇的影响
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885375
Poonam, S. Punia
Abstract Despite a powerful social norm that parents should treat offspring equally, beginning in early childhood and continuing through adulthood, parents often differentiate among their children in such domains as affection, privileges, and discipline. The current study examined whether parental and contextual risk factors contribute to mothers and fathers’ differential treatment when accounting for sibling dyad characteristics in five domains (privileges, chores, affection, discipline, and temporal involvement). One hundred and twenty families with equal number of the four sibling sex constellations (girl-boy, boy-boy, girl-girl and boy-girl) were studied. Even where equal treatment was normative a substantial proportion of parents reported differential treatment. Children’s reports about the parental differential treatment were taken through a standardized scale. Parental differential treatment was more in opposite sibling sex dyads as compared to same sibling sex dyads. Parents favoured more to older siblings in domains of privileges and allocation of household chores. Parents favoured younger siblings in domains of affection and temporal involvement. Mothers were more differential in treatment as compared to fathers. Paternal differential treatment was seen in temporal involvement as fathers spend more time with sons than daughters. Parental differential treatment patterns were significantly related to parental and contextual variables.
尽管一个强有力的社会规范认为父母应该平等对待子女,从童年早期开始一直持续到成年,但父母经常在诸如情感、特权和纪律等领域对子女进行区分。目前的研究考察了父母和环境风险因素是否会导致母亲和父亲在五个领域(特权、家务、情感、纪律和时间参与)的差异对待。研究人员研究了120个兄弟姐妹性别星座(女-男、男-男、女-女和男-女)数量相等的家庭。即使在平等待遇是规范的地方,也有相当比例的父母报告差别待遇。儿童关于父母差别对待的报告通过标准化量表进行记录。父母差别对待在异性兄弟姐妹中比在同性兄弟姐妹中更明显。在特权和家务分配方面,父母更倾向于哥哥姐姐。父母在情感和时间投入方面偏爱弟弟妹妹。与父亲相比,母亲受到的待遇差别更大。父亲的差别待遇体现在时间投入上,父亲花在儿子身上的时间比花在女儿身上的时间多。父母差别对待方式与父母和环境变量显著相关。
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引用次数: 4
Marital Adjustment: A Predictor of Better Maternal Relationship 婚姻调整:母亲关系改善的预测因子
Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/09737189.2012.11885374
D. Vig, I. Jaswal
Abstract Marital harmony is an important dimension of parent-child relationship. Present study was an attempt to understand the role of marital harmony in determining quality of mother-teen relationships. The total sample comprised of 300 respondents (100 each of mothers, sons and daughters) selected purposively from four zones of Ludhiana city. A self designed sociodemographic questionnaire was used to identify mothers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria set for the present study. The quality of mother-teen relationship as perceived by mothers was assessed. Marital adjustment of the mothers was also investigated to study its impact on mother-teen relationship. The results of the study revealed that majority of mothers had good marital relationships. Mothers having good marital relations had less conflicts and more realistic expectations from their sons and daughters. Mothers with average marital adjustment were significantly over protective for their daughters than the mothers with good or poor marital adjustment. With increase in marital adjustment mothers became more accepting and realistic in their expectations. Mothers’ protecting and loving attitude for daughters increased significantly with increase in marital adjustment. The marital adjustment of the mothers contributed significantly to the daughter-mother relationship.
婚姻和谐是亲子关系的重要维度。本研究试图了解婚姻和谐在决定母亲-青少年关系质量中的作用。总样本包括300名受访者(母亲、儿子和女儿各100名),有目的地从卢迪亚纳市的四个地区选择。使用自行设计的社会人口调查问卷来确定符合本研究纳入标准的母亲。评估了母亲认为的母亲与青少年关系的质量。调查了母亲的婚姻调整对母子关系的影响。研究结果显示,大多数母亲的婚姻关系都很好。婚姻关系良好的母亲与子女的冲突较少,对子女的期望也更现实。婚姻调节正常的母亲对女儿的保护程度明显高于婚姻调节良好或较差的母亲。随着婚姻调整的增加,母亲的期望变得更加接受和现实。母亲对女儿的保护和关爱态度随婚姻调整程度的增加而显著增加。母亲的婚姻调整对母女关系有显著影响。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Studies on Home and Community Science
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