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The relationship between lexical complexity measures and language learningbeliefs 词汇复杂性测量与语言学习信念的关系
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.20
Ervin Kovačević
Although the relationship between language proficiency and learner beliefs is generally viewed as weak, indirect, and distant, there are empirical findings which show that the relationship between syntactic complexity measures and languagelearning beliefs is statistically tangible. Since syntactic complexity is onlyone constituent of the linguistic complexity system, it seems plausible toquestion whether other constituents of the system are also in statisticallymeasurable relationships with language learning beliefs. This research projectexplores the relationship between 25 lexical complexity measures (Lu 2012;2014) and four subscales of language learning beliefs that are suggested forHorwitz’s (2013) Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory—BALLI 2.0 (Kovačević2017). For three semesters (Fall 2014, Spring and Fall 2015), 152 freshmanstudents at the International University of Sarajevo responded to BALLI 2.0 andwrote in-class exam essays which were converted into an electronic format. Theresults show 15 statistically significant correlation coefficients between 14lexical complexity measures and three BALLI 2.0 subscales. Overall, it may beconcluded that the relationship between lexical complexity measures andlanguage learning beliefs is statistically detectable. The findings imply thatthe lexical complexity framework offers valuable opportunities for exploringhow and to what extent particular individual differences manifest in foreignlanguage production.
尽管语言熟练度与学习者信念之间的关系通常被认为是弱的、间接的和遥远的,但有实证研究表明,句法复杂性测量与语言学习信念之间的联系在统计上是有形的。由于句法复杂性只是语言复杂性系统的一个组成部分,因此质疑该系统的其他组成部分是否也与语言学习信念存在统计上可测量的关系似乎是合理的。本研究项目探讨了25项词汇复杂性测量(Lu 2012;2014)与Horwitz(2013)的《语言学习信念量表——BALLI 2.0》(Kovačević2017)中提出的四个语言学习信念分量表之间的关系。在三个学期(2014年秋季、2015年春季和秋季)中,萨拉热窝国际大学的152名新生对BALLI 2.0做出了回应,并在课堂上写下了被转换为电子格式的试卷。结果显示,14个词汇复杂度测量值与3个BALLI2.0分量表之间存在15个具有统计学意义的相关系数。总的来说,可以得出结论,词汇复杂性测量和语言学习信念之间的关系在统计学上是可检测的。研究结果表明,词汇复杂性框架为探索特定的个体差异在外语生产中的表现方式和程度提供了宝贵的机会。
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引用次数: 0
A critical note on the evolution of social theoretical and linguistic underpinnings of contemporary discourse studies 对当代话语研究的社会理论和语言学基础演变的批判性注释
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.12
Piotr Cap
This paper gives acritical overview of analytical approaches dominating the field of discoursestudies in the last three decades, from the perspective of theirphilosophical and formative bases: social constructionism and linguistics. Itexplores different conceptions of the theoretical nexus between these twobases leading to the emergence of three distinct yet complementary strands ofthought (i–iii). The paper starts with poststructuralist views of discoursesalient in (i) Laclau and Mouffe’s Discourse Theory. Laclau and Mouffe’sassumption that no discourse is a closed entity but rather transformedthrough contact with other discourses is taken as the introductory premise topresent a large family of (ii) critical discourse studies, characterized astext-analytical practices explaining how discourse partakes in the productionand negotiations of ideological meanings. Finally, the paper discusses (iii)three recent discourse analytical models: Discourse Space Theory, CriticalMetaphor Analysis, and Legitimization-Proximization Model. These new theoriesmake a further (and thus far final) step toward consolidation of thesocial-theoretical and linguistic bases in contemporary discourse studies.The empirical benefits of this consolidation are discussed in the last partof the paper, which includes a case study where the new models are used inthe analysis of Polish anti-immigration discourse.
本文从社会建构主义和语言学的哲学和形成基础的角度,对过去三十年主导话语研究领域的分析方法进行了批判性概述。它探讨了这两个基础之间的理论联系的不同概念,导致三种不同但互补的思想链的出现(i-iii)。本文首先从拉克劳和墨菲话语理论中的后结构主义话语性观点入手。拉克劳和墨菲假设没有话语是一个封闭的实体,而是通过与其他话语的接触而转变的,这一假设被作为一个大的(ii)批评话语研究的入门前提,以文本分析实践为特征,解释话语如何参与意识形态意义的生产和协商。最后,本文讨论了三种最新的话语分析模型:话语空间理论、批判隐喻分析和合法化-近因模型。这些新理论为巩固当代话语研究中的社会理论和语言学基础迈出了进一步的(也是迄今为止最后的)一步。本文的最后一部分讨论了这种整合的实证效益,其中包括一个案例研究,其中新模型被用于分析波兰反移民话语。
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引用次数: 1
Taste and sight 味觉与视觉
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.8
J. Sandford
Embodiment is central to the CognitiveLinguistics enterprise. The grounding of language in body experience is oneof the major tenets of linguistic description at various levels of analysis.We receive the infor-mation of the world around us through the bodilysensations; i.e. we per-ceive, then process and conceptualize it. Researchinto the sensory do-mains has continued to elicit further examination of howwe use meta-phoric and metonymic cross-modal conceptualization in language.Inves-tigation has been carried out both on the single sense domains oftouch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight, but also on cross-modality or synestheticphenomena. Linguistic transfer between various senses seems to respect ahierarchy from the lower (touch, taste, smell) to the higher senses (hear-ingand sight), even though some variation of this hierarchy has been noted. Thepresent study is the first part of a two-fold analysis of cross-modallinguistic mappings that exist between the senses of taste and sight. Theobjective is to verify what collocations occur between the two do-mains: dothey respect the hierarchy, and how frequent, or how strong are they? Corpusanalysis of the construction of the adjective + noun type are in keeping withexisting literature: the sensory domain that func-tions as source isunderstood as an adjective modifying another sensory domain, which is foundin the form of a noun. This research concentrates on cross-modal pairs foundthrough a corpus-based analysis of taste ad-jectives in the description ofvision nouns, e.g. delicious colors. Linguis-tic data were retrieved fromcorpora that allow for comparison of the ac-tual usage and definition ofthese constructions. These include the Cor-pus of Contemporary AmericanEnglish (COCA), and the Mapping Meta-phor with the Historical Thesaurus ofEnglish. The experimental method-ology is in keeping with the usage-basedapproach of Cognitive Linguis-tics, considering frequency and relevance.
体现是认知语言学事业的核心。身体经验是语言的基础,是各个层次语言描述的主要原则之一。我们通过身体的感觉接收周围世界的信息;也就是说,我们感知,然后处理和概念化它。对感官行为的研究继续引发对我们如何在语言中使用元指和转喻跨模态概念化的进一步研究。在触觉、味觉、嗅觉、听觉和视觉的单一感觉领域,以及跨模态或联觉现象上都进行了调查。不同感官之间的语言转换似乎遵循从较低的感官(触觉、味觉、嗅觉)到较高的感官(听觉和视觉)的等级制度,尽管这种等级制度的一些变化已经被注意到。本研究是味觉和视觉之间存在的跨模态语言映射的双重分析的第一部分。目的是验证在两个主旋律之间发生了什么搭配:它们是否尊重层次结构,它们的频率有多高,或者它们有多强?对形容词+名词类型结构的语料库分析与现有文献保持一致:作为来源的感觉域被理解为修饰另一个以名词形式出现的感觉域的形容词。本研究通过对视觉名词(如delicious colors)描述中的味觉形容词进行基于语料库的分析,发现了跨模态对。从语料库中检索语言数据,以便对这些结构的实际用法和定义进行比较。这些包括当代美国英语语料库(COCA)和英语历史同义词库的映射元词。实验方法与认知语言学的基于使用的方法保持一致,考虑了频率和相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Light as a visual source domain for the divine in the 17th century painting 在17世纪的绘画中,光是神圣的视觉来源领域
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.11
J. Čulig
The aim of this paper is to explain the motivation behind the creation of religious visual art in which light plays the role of the signifier of divine presence. We will endeavor to show that representations of light in paintings from a particular socio-cultural period and context are based on metaphorization. The meaning that arises from this metaphorization establishes a connection between depicted light and the basic conceptual metaphor KNOWING IS SEEING. Our aim is to show that the understanding of these kinds of representations by the viewer as the presence of the divine is based on the fundamental human capacity to conceptualize abstract notions through concrete ones. We propose that a visual representation of light would not be completely understandable if the viewer did not possess an inherent knowledge of basic conceptual metaphors of light. The visual material selected for this article comprises samples of 17th century religious paintings of the Western artistic tradition, in which light serves as the primary carrier of divine meaning and the central element of the composition. Our proposition is based on the conjoining of two disciplines into an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing paintings from the Baroque period. The selected theoretical framework includes Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the conceptualization of abstract notions (Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Gibbs 1994, 2008; Kövecses 2005; Forceville & Urios-Aparisi 2009; Sharifian 2011; Raffaelli 2012; Forceville 2017), as well as art-historical insights into the utilization of pictorial elements of light in the formal visual language of the Baroque (Haskell 1963; Lambert 2007; Toman 2007; Cvetnić 2007). The significance of this kind of research lies in the prospects of interdisciplinary approaches to concepts in general. This combination of scientific perspectives could enable us to approach the concept of light from a wider perspective, which could lead to a deeper understanding of the concept, its use in human communication, and its significance for the structuring of the knowledge of the world by an individual, but also by the wider socio-cultural collective to which they belong.
本文的目的是解释宗教视觉艺术创作背后的动机,其中光扮演着神圣存在的能指的角色。我们将努力表明,在特定的社会文化时期和背景下,绘画中的光的表现是基于隐喻的。从这个隐喻中产生的意义在描绘的光和基本概念隐喻“知即见”之间建立了联系。我们的目的是展示观众对这些表现形式的理解,将其视为神的存在是基于人类通过具体概念概念化抽象概念的基本能力。我们认为,如果观赏者不具备光的基本概念隐喻的固有知识,光的视觉表现就不可能完全被理解。本文选择的视觉材料包括17世纪西方艺术传统的宗教绘画样本,其中光作为神圣意义的主要载体和构图的中心元素。我们的主张是基于将两个学科结合成跨学科的方法来分析巴洛克时期的绘画。所选择的理论框架包括概念隐喻理论和抽象概念的概念化(Lakoff & Johnson 1980;吉布斯1994,2008;Kovecses 2005;force eville & Urios-Aparisi 2009;Sharifian 2011;Raffaelli 2012;Forceville 2017),以及艺术史上对巴洛克形式视觉语言中光的图像元素的运用的见解(Haskell 1963;兰伯特2007;托曼2007;Cvetnić2007)。这种研究的意义在于对一般概念进行跨学科研究的前景。这种科学观点的结合可以使我们从更广阔的角度来看待光的概念,这可以使我们更深入地理解这个概念,它在人类交流中的应用,以及它对个人构建世界知识的重要性,也包括他们所属的更广泛的社会文化集体。
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引用次数: 0
Figurative representation of death in the Italian comic book Dylan Dog 意大利漫画《迪伦狗》中对死亡的具象表现
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.9
Ilhana Škrgić
The canonical representation of death as the GrimReaper is a well-known trope in art. The main aim of this paper is to analyzethis trope as it appears in selected instalments of the Italian comics series Dylan Dog. Fauconnier and Turner haveextensively discussed its complexity by describing it in terms of the BlendingTheory/Conceptual Theory model. As a complex integration of several mental spaces, including aspace with an individual human being dying, and a harvest space, the GrimReaper blend involves metaphoric and metonymic interactions of non-counterpartelements (Fauconnier & Turner 1998). This model will be used as a starting point in theanalysis of the corpus consisting of four separate Dylan Dog stories. In the selected issues, the Grim Reaper appearsin both the traditional version: a skeleton-like creature dressed in a monk’srobe and holding a scythe, as well as variants in which its appearance gainsnew and unusual characteristics. It will be demonstrated how the artists' use of the comics medium,with its combination of written text andstatic visuals, enables certain creative varietieson the classic trope.
死神的典型形象是艺术中一个著名的比喻。本文的主要目的是分析意大利漫画系列《迪伦狗》中出现的这个比喻。Fauconier和Turner通过融合理论/概念理论模型对其进行描述,对其复杂性进行了广泛的讨论。作为几个心理空间的复杂整合,包括一个人类个体死亡的空间和一个收获空间,GrimReaper融合涉及非对立元素的隐喻和转喻互动(Fauconier&Turner,1998)。这个模型将作为分析由四个独立的迪伦狗故事组成的语料库的起点。在精选的几期中,死神既出现在传统版本中:一个穿着猴子长袍、手持镰刀的骷髅状生物,也出现在其外观具有新特征和不同寻常特征的变体中。它将展示艺术家如何使用漫画媒介,将书面文本和静态视觉相结合,在经典比喻上实现某些创造性变化。
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引用次数: 0
Operationalising construal 运营性解释
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.1
K. Krawczak, D. Glynn
This study seeks to demonstrate that the Behavioural Profile Approach, specifically Multifactorial Usage-Feature Analysis (Geeraerts et al. 1994; Gries 2003), can be used to quantitatively describe lexico-grammatical construal (Langacker 1987; 1999). It examines the of – about constructional alternation for the complementation of cognition and communica-tion predicates. The predicates sampled include know, speak, talk, and think distributed across the two prepositions in British and American Eng-lish. In total, a sample of some 700 occurrences are analysed; the annota-tion schema is based on previous literature in the field (Radden 1981; Rudzka-Ostyn 2003; Dirven 2003; Lindstromberg 2010). Using a combi-nation of mixed-effects logistic regression, multiple correspondence analysis, and loglinear analysis, the study is able to successfully identify a behavioural profile of the two alternations, which can be interpreted as an operationalisation of the opposing construals. Although distinct pro-files are obtained, an adequate means for separating the conceptual con-tribution of the predicate and the complement will require further investi-gation.
本研究试图证明行为特征分析方法,特别是多因素使用特征分析(Geeraerts等人,1994;Gries 2003),可以用于定量描述词典语法结构(Langacker 1987;1999)。它考察了关于结构交替的认知谓词与交际谓词的互补性。所抽取的谓词包括know、speak、talk和think,分布在英美英语的两个介词中。总共分析了大约700个矿点的样本;注释模式基于该领域的先前文献(Radden 1981;Rudzka Ostyn 2003;Dirven 2003;Lindstromberg 2010)。使用混合效应逻辑回归、多重对应分析和对数线性分析的组合,该研究能够成功地确定两种替代的行为特征,这可以被解释为对立解释的操作。尽管获得了不同的pro-file,但要想分离谓词和补语的概念构成,还需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Translatorial and non-translatorial automaticity 翻译自动性与非翻译自动性
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.4
M. Deckert
The paper examines empirically a subsetof cognitive processes in trainee translators with the objective of gainingan insight into their decision-making. Specifically, we are interested in thenature and role of automated processing – above all, how pronounced it can beand how it influences the quality of decisions. The paper’s objective is thento come up with an integrative view of the relationship between translatorialautomaticity and cognitive automaticity in general, viz. that not associatedwith translation. This could help us better capture some of thecharacteristics of translator behaviour and supplement our understanding oftranslation competence.Results fromexperiments with trainees reported in the paper show no correlation betweenthe two dimensions of automated processing, and indicate that translatorialautomaticity could be harder to override than its more general counterpart.
本文对实习翻译的认知过程子集进行了实证研究,以期深入了解他们的决策过程。具体来说,我们对自动化处理的性质和作用感兴趣——最重要的是,它可以有多明显,以及它如何影响决策的质量。本文的目的是对翻译自动性和认知自动性之间的关系,即与翻译无关的关系,提出一个综合的观点。这有助于我们更好地捕捉译者行为的一些特征,并补充我们对翻译能力的理解。论文中对受训者的实验结果表明,自动化处理的两个维度之间没有相关性,并且表明翻译的自动化可能比其更一般的对应物更难克服。
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引用次数: 1
From šećernatabla to čoCROlada 从糖桌到巧克力
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.5
Emilija Mustapić
The study of linguistic landscape (LL) encompasses the language of public signs, commercial billboards, and other forms of written texts displayed in public (mostly urban) spaces of a particular geographical location. Its dual function, informational and symbolic, provides fertile ground for research into multilingualism, a phenomenon prevalent in today’s society. LL is made up of both large-scale entities such as billboards, and smaller everyday items such as leaflets, posters, and food labels. The aim of this paper is to explore the multilingual discourse on Croatian food labels with a special focus on the advent of words and expressions from the English language. Our quantitative examination of chocolate labels from the 1960s until 2010, presented in the first part of the paper, suggests that the Croatian LL has indeed embraced English (and other languages to some extent) and shifted from primarily monolingual to multilingual practice. Our qualitative analysis of contemporary Croatian chocolate labels in terms of language content relationship and visual arrangement, presented in the second part, indicates a strong English influence on shaping the Croatian LL in the realm of food labelling. It, therefore, confirms the widely held idea that English has become a key component of product marketing.
语言景观(LL)的研究包括公共标志的语言,商业广告牌,和其他形式的书面文本显示在公共(主要是城市)空间的特定地理位置。它具有信息和象征的双重功能,为研究当今社会普遍存在的多语现象提供了肥沃的土壤。LL由广告牌等大型实体和传单、海报、食品标签等小型日常物品组成。本文的目的是探讨克罗地亚食品标签上的多语言话语,特别关注英语单词和表达的出现。我们对20世纪60年代至2010年巧克力标签的定量研究(在论文的第一部分中提出)表明,克罗地亚的LL确实接受了英语(以及在某种程度上的其他语言),并从主要的单语转向多语实践。在第二部分中,我们对当代克罗地亚巧克力标签在语言内容关系和视觉安排方面的定性分析表明,在食品标签领域,英语对塑造克罗地亚LL有很强的影响。因此,它证实了人们普遍持有的观点,即英语已成为产品营销的关键组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
The expression of path in three satellite-framed languages 三种卫星框架语言中路径的表达
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.2
Joanna Łozińska
Cross-linguistic studies of the lexicalization of motion tend to contrast satellite- with verb-framed languages (e.g. Slobin 1996; 2004; Cardini 2008; Özçalışkan & Slobin 2003; Kopecka 2004; Fargard et al. 2013, etc.) and concentrate less frequently on intra-typological analyses (but cf. e.g. Filipović 2007; Hasko 2010; Ibarretxe-Antuñano 2009; Ibarretxe-Antuñano & Hijazo-Gascón 2012). Even fewer studies contrast genetically related languages (but cf. e.g. Łozińska 2018). The main aim of this study was to establish the path-saliency cline of three satellite-framed languages: Polish, Russian, and English. The analysis was based on elicited data. The overall patterns of expressing the path of motion in the three languages were shown to be caused by their belonging to the same typological category. The differences could be attributed, to a large extent, to differences in the morphological structures and in the lexical repertoires of motion-coding expressions available to the speakers of the three languages. However, the analysis of descriptions of three specific spatial situations (i.e. vertical, boundary-crossing, and deictic relations) pointed to other factors that may influence path coding in the three languages. Thus, despite the satellite-verb character of the languages examined and the morpho-syntactic differences between them, all our participants, who were native speakers of the three languages examined, tended to code vertical relations by means of path verbs. The number of tokens of path verbs used to code this particular spatial relation was found to be higher than the number of tokens of path verbs used to code deictic or boundary-crossing motion.
跨语言的运动词汇化研究倾向于对比卫星语言和动词框架语言(如Slobin 1996;2004;Cardini 2008;Özçalışkan & Slobin2003;Kopecka 2004;Fargard et al. 2013等),较少关注类型学内部分析(但参见filipoviki 2007;Hasko2010;Ibarretxe-Antunano 2009;Ibarretxe-Antuñano & Hijazo-Gascón 2012)。甚至更少的研究对比基因相关的语言(但参见Łozińska2018)。本研究的主要目的是建立三种卫星框架语言:波兰语、俄语和英语的路径显著性变化。这一分析是以引证的数据为基础的。三种语言表达运动路径的总体模式是由于它们属于同一类型范畴所导致的。这种差异在很大程度上可以归因于三种语言使用者在形态结构和动作编码表达的词法上的差异。然而,对三种具体空间情况(即垂直、跨界和指示关系)的描述的分析指出了可能影响三种语言中路径编码的其他因素。因此,尽管所研究的语言具有卫星动词的特征,并且它们之间存在形态句法上的差异,但所有以这三种语言为母语的参与者都倾向于通过路径动词来编码垂直关系。研究发现,用于编码这种特定空间关系的路径动词的标记数量高于用于编码指示或跨界运动的路径动词的标记数量。
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引用次数: 2
Između diskursa o prostoru i diskursaprostora 关于空间与歧视的讨论
IF 0.3 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.29162/jez.2019.6
Mislava Bertoša
U članku se iz perspektive semiotike prostora analiziraju temeljni dokumenti o osnivanju, ustroju i prostornim preinakama Zavoda za umobolne u Stenjevcu. Oslanjajući se na analitičko-diskursne modele ispituje se način na koji je u njima legitimiziran diskurs o prostornom ustroju stenjevečkog Zavoda i izdvajaju tri temeljna principa (estetski, ekonomski i utilitarni) s pomoću kojih je legitimizacija postignuta, te se identificiraju temeljni topoi i ispituje njihova argumentacija u različitim kontekstima. Posebno se analiziraju tekstovi u kojima različiti stručnjaci raspravljaju o budućem spacijalnom ustroju Zavoda i odmjeravaju prednosti i nedostatke dvaju temeljnih modela spacijalne organizacije ludničkih prostora u 19. stoljeću – paviljonskog i monolitnog. Rezultati analize pokazuju su da su neka od temeljnih obilježja diskursa o prostornom uređenju Zavoda u Stenjevcu ekonomičnost, povoljnost i oportunost te funkcionalnost i svrhovitost. Oni se promatraju u sprezi s kontekstom razdoblja, ponajprije s prevladavajućim društvenim vrijednostima i devetnaestostoljetnim idejama o liječenju umobolnika.
本文将从空间符号学的角度对《斯通维奇宪法》的评价、构建和空间转换的基本文献进行分析。基于分析和歧视性模型,它以一种关于火箭工厂的合法辩论是合法的方式进行了审查,发布了实现合法化的三个基本原则(美学、经济和实用),并证明了基本拓扑结构,并在不同的背景下反映了它们的论点。特别是,不同的专家讨论了宪法未来的空间结构,并评估了19世纪空间组织二维模型的优缺点。本世纪的展馆和巨石。分析结果表明,宪法空间管理争论的一些主要特征是经济性、机会性和机会性与绩效性。他们被观察到与那个时期的背景相交叉,主要是阻止社会价值观和九年前治愈患者的想法。
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引用次数: 0
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Jezikoslovlje
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