Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800119
C. Cresswell, S. Djokic
This paper is part one of a two part series, which discusses steady state load models of directly connected and drive-controlled single-phase and three-phase induction motors. The presented analysis compares changes in their active and non-active power demand characteristics with the variations in supply system voltage and mechanical loading conditions. From the presented analysis, analytical expressions and equivalent load models are developed for several typical motor-drive configurations.
{"title":"Representation of directly connected and drive-controlled induction motors. Part 1: Single-phase load models","authors":"C. Cresswell, S. Djokic","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is part one of a two part series, which discusses steady state load models of directly connected and drive-controlled single-phase and three-phase induction motors. The presented analysis compares changes in their active and non-active power demand characteristics with the variations in supply system voltage and mechanical loading conditions. From the presented analysis, analytical expressions and equivalent load models are developed for several typical motor-drive configurations.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799937
G. Ugalde, J. Poza, M. Rodriguez, Antonio González
This work deals with the calculus of expressions for the complex winding factor from the star of slots directly obtained from the type of the fractional winding. Complex winding factor expressions have been obtained for Q slots and p pole pair combination and have been included in an analytical model based on spatial Fourier series. The model is achieved for a slotless stator and surface mounted permanent magnet rotor. The accuracy of the model is evaluated with FEM simulations for both slotted and slotless stator.
{"title":"Space harmonic modeling of fractional permanent magnet machines from star of slots","authors":"G. Ugalde, J. Poza, M. Rodriguez, Antonio González","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799937","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the calculus of expressions for the complex winding factor from the star of slots directly obtained from the type of the fractional winding. Complex winding factor expressions have been obtained for Q slots and p pole pair combination and have been included in an analytical model based on spatial Fourier series. The model is achieved for a slotless stator and surface mounted permanent magnet rotor. The accuracy of the model is evaluated with FEM simulations for both slotted and slotless stator.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125607515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800112
L. Petkovska, G. Cvetkovski
In the paper the design optimization procedure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on the sensitivity analysis (SA) of selected samples of parameters is developed. Seeking for better operating characteristics of an existing permanent magnet synchronous motor the aim is, by easy-to-make changes in the motor topology, to improve its performance and to increase pull-up capabilities and stability. During the proposed procedure several constraints will be taken into consideration. Full performance analysis of the initial motor (original model) and the developed new one (optimal model), by using the results of magnetic field calculations is presented.
{"title":"Performance optimization of a permanent magnet synchronous motor by sampling based sensitivity analysis","authors":"L. Petkovska, G. Cvetkovski","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800112","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the design optimization procedure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on the sensitivity analysis (SA) of selected samples of parameters is developed. Seeking for better operating characteristics of an existing permanent magnet synchronous motor the aim is, by easy-to-make changes in the motor topology, to improve its performance and to increase pull-up capabilities and stability. During the proposed procedure several constraints will be taken into consideration. Full performance analysis of the initial motor (original model) and the developed new one (optimal model), by using the results of magnetic field calculations is presented.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132116181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800063
M. Drif, A. Cardoso
This paper deals with the use of the instantaneous active and reactive power signature analysis and their ratios for the diagnosis of airgap eccentricity and rotor cage fault conditions in operating three-phase induction motors. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to show the merits of the proposed approach that offers the possibility to distinguish between both fault conditions.
{"title":"On-line fault diagnostics in operating three-phase induction motors by the active and reactive power media","authors":"M. Drif, A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the use of the instantaneous active and reactive power signature analysis and their ratios for the diagnosis of airgap eccentricity and rotor cage fault conditions in operating three-phase induction motors. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to show the merits of the proposed approach that offers the possibility to distinguish between both fault conditions.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132315261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800106
A. McDonald, I. Portugal, M. Mueller, J. Shek
The design of a permanent magnet generator for a wind turbine is studied. The best generator is chosen from a range of designs based on minimizing material cost and energy loss. The main loss mechanisms in an air-cored machine are copper and eddy current losses. The energy lost for each design is evaluated in the steady-state and then in the time domain so as to better take into account the thermal behavior of the machines.
{"title":"A time series approach to design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for a direct-drive wind turbine","authors":"A. McDonald, I. Portugal, M. Mueller, J. Shek","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800106","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a permanent magnet generator for a wind turbine is studied. The best generator is chosen from a range of designs based on minimizing material cost and energy loss. The main loss mechanisms in an air-cored machine are copper and eddy current losses. The energy lost for each design is evaluated in the steady-state and then in the time domain so as to better take into account the thermal behavior of the machines.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132533234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799974
G. Traxler-Samek, R. Zickermann, A. Schwery
During the design of large air-cooled synchronous machines for hydro power plants special attention must be paid to efficient cooling of the machine. It is necessary that the design engineer gets a complete picture of the losses, the cooling airflow and the temperatures inside the different parts of the machine. Not only the active parts but also the end regions of stator and rotor must be carefully checked. This paper presents a new calculation method which is based on an iterative numerical coupling of power losses, airflow and temperature calculation. This computation gives a complete overview of the temperature gradient in the stator core, the stator winding including overhang and the pole coil.
{"title":"Advanced calculation of temperature rises in large air-cooled hydro-generators","authors":"G. Traxler-Samek, R. Zickermann, A. Schwery","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799974","url":null,"abstract":"During the design of large air-cooled synchronous machines for hydro power plants special attention must be paid to efficient cooling of the machine. It is necessary that the design engineer gets a complete picture of the losses, the cooling airflow and the temperatures inside the different parts of the machine. Not only the active parts but also the end regions of stator and rotor must be carefully checked. This paper presents a new calculation method which is based on an iterative numerical coupling of power losses, airflow and temperature calculation. This computation gives a complete overview of the temperature gradient in the stator core, the stator winding including overhang and the pole coil.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132558218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800159
T. Nakamura, T. Nishimura, K. Nagao, K. Matsumura, Y. Ogama
This paper presents the performance of high temperature superconducting induction/synchronous machine (HTS-ISM) based on the nonlinear electrical equivalent circuit. The structure of the HTS-ISM is the same with that of the squirrel-cage type induction machine, and the secondary windings are fabricated by the use of the HTS wires. It has already been shown based on the analysis and experiments that even this simple replacement realises the excellent improvement of the performances, such as coexistence of slip and synchronous rotations, higher efficiency thanks to the synchronous operation, robustness against the overload. In this paper, the experimental results of torque vs. slip curve of the HTS-ISM is quantitatively expressed based on the electrical equivalent circuit, which takes into account the nonlinear current transport property as well as so-called deep-slot effect of the HTS rotor bars.
{"title":"Theoretical analysis of high temperature superconducting induction/synchronous machine based on the nonlinear electrical equivalent circuit","authors":"T. Nakamura, T. Nishimura, K. Nagao, K. Matsumura, Y. Ogama","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800159","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance of high temperature superconducting induction/synchronous machine (HTS-ISM) based on the nonlinear electrical equivalent circuit. The structure of the HTS-ISM is the same with that of the squirrel-cage type induction machine, and the secondary windings are fabricated by the use of the HTS wires. It has already been shown based on the analysis and experiments that even this simple replacement realises the excellent improvement of the performances, such as coexistence of slip and synchronous rotations, higher efficiency thanks to the synchronous operation, robustness against the overload. In this paper, the experimental results of torque vs. slip curve of the HTS-ISM is quantitatively expressed based on the electrical equivalent circuit, which takes into account the nonlinear current transport property as well as so-called deep-slot effect of the HTS rotor bars.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134055874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800094
D. Casadei, M. Mengoni, G. Serra, A. Tani, L. Zarri
In this paper an optimal disturbance-free control strategy suitable for open-phase fault operation of multi-phase current regulated motor drives, is presented and tested. The proposed strategy, which is based on the multiple space vector representation of multi-phase systems, minimizes the stator copper losses either in transient or steady-state operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerant control strategy is verified for a five-phase permanent magnet motor using a finite element analysis. Furthermore, some experimental tests have been carried out on a seven-phase asynchronous motor drive prototype available in laboratory.
{"title":"Optimal fault-tolerant control strategy for multi-phase motor drives under an open circuit phase fault condition","authors":"D. Casadei, M. Mengoni, G. Serra, A. Tani, L. Zarri","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800094","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an optimal disturbance-free control strategy suitable for open-phase fault operation of multi-phase current regulated motor drives, is presented and tested. The proposed strategy, which is based on the multiple space vector representation of multi-phase systems, minimizes the stator copper losses either in transient or steady-state operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerant control strategy is verified for a five-phase permanent magnet motor using a finite element analysis. Furthermore, some experimental tests have been carried out on a seven-phase asynchronous motor drive prototype available in laboratory.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134093276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799982
E. Saraiva, M. Chaves, J. Camacho
This work deals with the representation of three-phase and three-limb transformers in two dimensions using FEMM (finite element methods on magnetics). The transformer magnetization curve is obtained using the magnetization characteristic for the silicon steel used when assembling the transformer core, associated to the air gaps inherent to the assembling process. A method for the calculation of the air gaps reluctance is presented and it is based on the transformer magnetic circuit and on the maximum value in each winding for the magnetization current waveform, such current is obtained through the no-load test. The magnetic flux distribution in the values and the effects of inherent air gaps in the magnetization current is analyzed. Through the use of post-processing procedures, the transformer leakage reactance is calculated and compared with values obtained through the experimental method. Therefore, one of the objectives, is to explain a method to insert some of the transformer assembling imperfections in the computer model.
{"title":"Three-phase transformer representation using FEMM, and a methodology for air gap calculation","authors":"E. Saraiva, M. Chaves, J. Camacho","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799982","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the representation of three-phase and three-limb transformers in two dimensions using FEMM (finite element methods on magnetics). The transformer magnetization curve is obtained using the magnetization characteristic for the silicon steel used when assembling the transformer core, associated to the air gaps inherent to the assembling process. A method for the calculation of the air gaps reluctance is presented and it is based on the transformer magnetic circuit and on the maximum value in each winding for the magnetization current waveform, such current is obtained through the no-load test. The magnetic flux distribution in the values and the effects of inherent air gaps in the magnetization current is analyzed. Through the use of post-processing procedures, the transformer leakage reactance is calculated and compared with values obtained through the experimental method. Therefore, one of the objectives, is to explain a method to insert some of the transformer assembling imperfections in the computer model.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799925
F. Ferreira, A. D. de Almeida
Due to poor motor system design or excessive safety factors, it is common to find oversized three-phase, squirrel-cage, induction motors, i.e., with a rated power higher than that actually necessary by the driven equipment. In those cases, if the oversizing level is significant, besides the unnecessary additional capital investment, the motors operate with poor efficiency and power factor, being an undesirable situation for the user. In this paper, an overview on the in-field motor load estimation methods is offered, being its importance evidenced. The simplest, low-cost, in-field methods to indirectly estimate the motor load are analyzed, being the focus on methods based upon the motor current, slip, and input power. Such methods require simple measurements with relatively low-cost equipment and information from the motor nameplate, manufacturers, catalogues, and/or databases, having a fair accuracy if applied to specific motors and load ranges. Some improvements in those methods are proposed to increase their accuracy, including combined solutions. A new definition of ldquouseful accuracyrdquo is introduced, for evaluation of the effectiveness or adequacy of the motor load estimation methods.
{"title":"Considerations on in-field induction motor load estimation methods","authors":"F. Ferreira, A. D. de Almeida","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799925","url":null,"abstract":"Due to poor motor system design or excessive safety factors, it is common to find oversized three-phase, squirrel-cage, induction motors, i.e., with a rated power higher than that actually necessary by the driven equipment. In those cases, if the oversizing level is significant, besides the unnecessary additional capital investment, the motors operate with poor efficiency and power factor, being an undesirable situation for the user. In this paper, an overview on the in-field motor load estimation methods is offered, being its importance evidenced. The simplest, low-cost, in-field methods to indirectly estimate the motor load are analyzed, being the focus on methods based upon the motor current, slip, and input power. Such methods require simple measurements with relatively low-cost equipment and information from the motor nameplate, manufacturers, catalogues, and/or databases, having a fair accuracy if applied to specific motors and load ranges. Some improvements in those methods are proposed to increase their accuracy, including combined solutions. A new definition of ldquouseful accuracyrdquo is introduced, for evaluation of the effectiveness or adequacy of the motor load estimation methods.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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