Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800133
R. Crozier, M. Mueller
Finite element analysis remains the most reliable method of simulating electromagnetic systems. When attempting to optimise a system, FEA can be computationally expensive and time consuming. This paper demonstrates the use of polynomial approximation to FEA results to minimise the necessary number of FEA simulations. Using this method, a simulation is developed, capable of accurately reproducing the magnetic field above one pole in the air-cored tubular permanent magnet machine for any combination of machine parameters in a pre-chosen design space. The same method is also employed to optimise the machine parameters to produce the maximum reaction force for a fixed current. A second optimisation is also presented based on the capital cost per average power produced per unit length of translator in a typical wave motion.
{"title":"Modelling and first order optimisation of the air-cored tubular PM machine using polynomial approximation","authors":"R. Crozier, M. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800133","url":null,"abstract":"Finite element analysis remains the most reliable method of simulating electromagnetic systems. When attempting to optimise a system, FEA can be computationally expensive and time consuming. This paper demonstrates the use of polynomial approximation to FEA results to minimise the necessary number of FEA simulations. Using this method, a simulation is developed, capable of accurately reproducing the magnetic field above one pole in the air-cored tubular permanent magnet machine for any combination of machine parameters in a pre-chosen design space. The same method is also employed to optimise the machine parameters to produce the maximum reaction force for a fixed current. A second optimisation is also presented based on the capital cost per average power produced per unit length of translator in a typical wave motion.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115038353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800255
F. Khoucha, S.M. Lagoun, K. Marouani, A. Kheloui, M. Benbouzid
This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive DTC control scheme for electric (EV) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The control method is based on direct torque control operating principles. The stator voltage vector reference is computed from the stator flux and torque errors imposed by the flux and torque controllers. This voltage reference is then generated using a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, where each phase of the inverter can be implemented using a DC source, which would be available from fuel cells, batteries, or ultracapacitors. This inverter provides nearly sinusoidal voltages with very low distortion, using less switching devices. Due to the small dv/dt's, torque ripple is greatly reduced. In addition, the multilevel inverter can generate a high and fixed switching frequency output voltage with less switching losses, since only the small power cells of the inverter operate at high switching rate. Therefore a high performance and also efficient torque and flux controller is obtained, enabling a DTC solution for multilevel inverter powered motor drives.
{"title":"Hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter motor drive DTC control for Electric Vehicles","authors":"F. Khoucha, S.M. Lagoun, K. Marouani, A. Kheloui, M. Benbouzid","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive DTC control scheme for electric (EV) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The control method is based on direct torque control operating principles. The stator voltage vector reference is computed from the stator flux and torque errors imposed by the flux and torque controllers. This voltage reference is then generated using a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, where each phase of the inverter can be implemented using a DC source, which would be available from fuel cells, batteries, or ultracapacitors. This inverter provides nearly sinusoidal voltages with very low distortion, using less switching devices. Due to the small dv/dt's, torque ripple is greatly reduced. In addition, the multilevel inverter can generate a high and fixed switching frequency output voltage with less switching losses, since only the small power cells of the inverter operate at high switching rate. Therefore a high performance and also efficient torque and flux controller is obtained, enabling a DTC solution for multilevel inverter powered motor drives.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121964893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800084
S. Ozcira, N. Bekiroğlu, E. Ayçiçek
In this study, direct torque control (DTC) of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has been analyzed, the stator flux and voltage space vectors are studied and a simulation of the direct torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized. Afterwards, an additional LP filter is attached to the simulation setup in order to suppress harmonics on the current and voltage. Torque and flux, the main variables of the DTC, are estimated using the mathematical model of the motor. Estimated torque and flux values are compared to the reference values on every control cycle and according to the torque and flux demand, voltage vector is determined. The basic approach on voltage vector determination is the table method. In this study, an inverter switching table is built for the permanent magnet synchronous motor control and direct torque control is performed by selecting the appropriate stator space vectors from the table. LP filter - which utilizes voltage model is presented and simulation aspects are analyzed.
{"title":"Direct Torque Control of permanent magnet synchronous motor using LP filter","authors":"S. Ozcira, N. Bekiroğlu, E. Ayçiçek","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800084","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, direct torque control (DTC) of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has been analyzed, the stator flux and voltage space vectors are studied and a simulation of the direct torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized. Afterwards, an additional LP filter is attached to the simulation setup in order to suppress harmonics on the current and voltage. Torque and flux, the main variables of the DTC, are estimated using the mathematical model of the motor. Estimated torque and flux values are compared to the reference values on every control cycle and according to the torque and flux demand, voltage vector is determined. The basic approach on voltage vector determination is the table method. In this study, an inverter switching table is built for the permanent magnet synchronous motor control and direct torque control is performed by selecting the appropriate stator space vectors from the table. LP filter - which utilizes voltage model is presented and simulation aspects are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120874080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800164
J. Trovão, P. Pereirinha, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira
Electric vehicles (EVs), due to its lack of local gas emissions, silent driving and much higher efficiency than internal combustion engine vehicles, are fundamental for the world's sustainable mobility. The efficiency and response of the powertrain, namely of the electric motor (EM), are very important aspects on the correct sizing and project of an electric (or hybrid) vehicle. The mobility problem and the importance of EVs and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) to sustainable mobility are introduced, followed by a short presentation of the most important EMs for EVs. The ISEC electric vehicle VEIL project is shortly presented, along with the VEIL dynamic model and some results of the powertrain response. The study methodology is presented together with a comparative analysis of the use of different types of powertrains and EMs for different drive cycles for typical EVs utilization.
{"title":"Comparative study of different electric machines in the powertrain of a small electric vehicle","authors":"J. Trovão, P. Pereirinha, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800164","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs), due to its lack of local gas emissions, silent driving and much higher efficiency than internal combustion engine vehicles, are fundamental for the world's sustainable mobility. The efficiency and response of the powertrain, namely of the electric motor (EM), are very important aspects on the correct sizing and project of an electric (or hybrid) vehicle. The mobility problem and the importance of EVs and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) to sustainable mobility are introduced, followed by a short presentation of the most important EMs for EVs. The ISEC electric vehicle VEIL project is shortly presented, along with the VEIL dynamic model and some results of the powertrain response. The study methodology is presented together with a comparative analysis of the use of different types of powertrains and EMs for different drive cycles for typical EVs utilization.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125882135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800095
B. Mecrow, J. Bennett, A. Jack, D. Atkinson, A. Freeman
Solar powered aircraft require electric drives for the main propulsion system. It is critical that these drives provide both very high efficiency and low mass. This paper describes a permanent magnet machine drive, developed specifically for this application. The machine uses 6% silicon steel laminations to achieve very low iron loss, combined with a high pole number to minimize mass. The system has been developed to maximize efficiency, taking into account both power electronic and motor losses.
{"title":"Very high efficiency drives for solar powered unmanned aircraft","authors":"B. Mecrow, J. Bennett, A. Jack, D. Atkinson, A. Freeman","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800095","url":null,"abstract":"Solar powered aircraft require electric drives for the main propulsion system. It is critical that these drives provide both very high efficiency and low mass. This paper describes a permanent magnet machine drive, developed specifically for this application. The machine uses 6% silicon steel laminations to achieve very low iron loss, combined with a high pole number to minimize mass. The system has been developed to maximize efficiency, taking into account both power electronic and motor losses.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"49 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128529151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799864
J. Estima, A. Cardoso
This paper presents a comparative study regarding the performance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, under normal and faulty operating conditions. Two different failure types in the inverter are considered: single power switch and single phase open-circuit faults. In order to compare the drive performance under these three operating conditions, global results are presented concerning the analysis of some key parameters like motor efficiency, power factor, electromagnetic torque and currents RMS and total harmonic distortion values.
{"title":"Performance analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives under inverter fault conditions","authors":"J. Estima, A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799864","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study regarding the performance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive, under normal and faulty operating conditions. Two different failure types in the inverter are considered: single power switch and single phase open-circuit faults. In order to compare the drive performance under these three operating conditions, global results are presented concerning the analysis of some key parameters like motor efficiency, power factor, electromagnetic torque and currents RMS and total harmonic distortion values.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799821
Y. Pannatier, C. Nicolet, B. Kawkabani, J. Simond, P. Allenbach
This paper presents the modeling, simulation and analysis of the dynamic behavior of a fictitious 2times320 MW variable speed pump-turbine power plant including hydraulic system, electrical equipments, rotating inertias and control systems using the software SIMSEN. First, the modeling of hydraulic and electrical components of the power plant is presented. Then the pseudo continuous approximation is introduced. It consists in a simplification of the electrical part of the power plant. Thanks to this simplification, simulation time can be reduced drastically (~ factor 60). The complete and simplified models are compared by simulation and the validity of the pseudo continuous approximation is discussed. Finally two control strategies in generating mode are implemented and compared by simulation.
{"title":"Dynamic behavior of a 2 variable speed pump-turbine power plant","authors":"Y. Pannatier, C. Nicolet, B. Kawkabani, J. Simond, P. Allenbach","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799821","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the modeling, simulation and analysis of the dynamic behavior of a fictitious 2times320 MW variable speed pump-turbine power plant including hydraulic system, electrical equipments, rotating inertias and control systems using the software SIMSEN. First, the modeling of hydraulic and electrical components of the power plant is presented. Then the pseudo continuous approximation is introduced. It consists in a simplification of the electrical part of the power plant. Thanks to this simplification, simulation time can be reduced drastically (~ factor 60). The complete and simplified models are compared by simulation and the validity of the pseudo continuous approximation is discussed. Finally two control strategies in generating mode are implemented and compared by simulation.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800247
G. Joksimović
Wound rotor three phase induction motor with series connected stator and rotor winding is an object of analysis in this paper. This type of connection enables specific operating regime when induction motor works as a synchronous motor at double synchronous speed. Electromagnetic torque analysis shows that other synchronous torque could also be expected at 2/3 of synchronous speed. Multiple coupled circuit model is derived and numerical simulation is provided. Results of numerical simulation confirm existence of electromagnetic torque at both speeds.
{"title":"Modelling and analysis of series-connected wound rotor induction motor","authors":"G. Joksimović","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800247","url":null,"abstract":"Wound rotor three phase induction motor with series connected stator and rotor winding is an object of analysis in this paper. This type of connection enables specific operating regime when induction motor works as a synchronous motor at double synchronous speed. Electromagnetic torque analysis shows that other synchronous torque could also be expected at 2/3 of synchronous speed. Multiple coupled circuit model is derived and numerical simulation is provided. Results of numerical simulation confirm existence of electromagnetic torque at both speeds.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127171950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799855
J. Bumby, N. Stannard, J. Dominy, N. McLeod
This paper describes the design and development of a 5 kW, 150 rpm, air-cored, axial flux generator for use as a direct drive generator with small wind and water turbines. The generator uses trapezoidal shaped magnets to obtain a greater active length than that provided by circular magnets. The armature coils are also trapezoidal. A prototype generator has been tested and produces up to 5000 W at 150 rpm with an electrical efficiency substantially greater than 90%. The generator performs as predicted by the design process. The paper also describes how the generator can be used to control turbine speed in strong winds. This is achieved by introducing an additional resistive dump load on the electrical output of the generator; this stalls the turbine as it approaches rated speed. If the dumps load is applied and then released, the generator can be kept within its rated power limit. A vertical axis wind turbine and axial flux generator are modeled to examine the speed control system. It is found that when the turbine is subjected to a turbulent wind, the speed control mechanism performs as expected. Practical test has verified the simulation.
{"title":"A permanent magnet generator for small scale wind and water turbines","authors":"J. Bumby, N. Stannard, J. Dominy, N. McLeod","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4799855","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and development of a 5 kW, 150 rpm, air-cored, axial flux generator for use as a direct drive generator with small wind and water turbines. The generator uses trapezoidal shaped magnets to obtain a greater active length than that provided by circular magnets. The armature coils are also trapezoidal. A prototype generator has been tested and produces up to 5000 W at 150 rpm with an electrical efficiency substantially greater than 90%. The generator performs as predicted by the design process. The paper also describes how the generator can be used to control turbine speed in strong winds. This is achieved by introducing an additional resistive dump load on the electrical output of the generator; this stalls the turbine as it approaches rated speed. If the dumps load is applied and then released, the generator can be kept within its rated power limit. A vertical axis wind turbine and axial flux generator are modeled to examine the speed control system. It is found that when the turbine is subjected to a turbulent wind, the speed control mechanism performs as expected. Practical test has verified the simulation.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122344664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800249
F. Kieferndorf, H. Burzanowska, S. Kanerva, P. Sario
This paper describes a method to include rotor based harmonics into a fundamental dq simulation model of a redundant dual-star synchronous machine. The model has been derived to add a minimum of additional equations and to allow identification of the required parameters from existing standard machine tests.
{"title":"Modeling of rotor based harmonics in dual-star, wound field, synchronous machines","authors":"F. Kieferndorf, H. Burzanowska, S. Kanerva, P. Sario","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2008.4800249","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method to include rotor based harmonics into a fundamental dq simulation model of a redundant dual-star synchronous machine. The model has been derived to add a minimum of additional equations and to allow identification of the required parameters from existing standard machine tests.","PeriodicalId":416125,"journal":{"name":"2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132314492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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