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Modeling Interactive Enterprise Architecture Visualizations: An Extended Architecture Description 交互式企业架构可视化建模:扩展的架构描述
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.02
Dierk Jugel
Enterprise Architectures consist of a multitude of architecture elements, which relate in manifold ways to each other. Due to the high number of relationships between these elements, architectural analysis mechanisms are essential for all stakeholders to keep track and to work out relevant model characteristics. In practice EAs are often analyzed using visualizations by hand. However, the visualizations are often static and there are only few interaction possibilities. As a result, new visualizations have to be created or configured by experts if information demands change. In addition, hardly any tools are used for analysis of complex model characteristics. In this article we introduce an extended conceptualization of the architecture description that defines the structure of interactive visualizations and the integration of further tools to flexibly respond to the information demands of stakeholders. In addition, we develop a so-called Architecture Cockpit that realizes the extended conceptualization in a prototype. At the end we demonstrate and evaluate our approach through a practical test in a company in the finance and insurance industry.
企业架构由许多架构元素组成,它们以多种方式相互关联。由于这些元素之间存在大量的关系,因此体系结构分析机制对于所有涉众跟踪并计算出相关的模型特征是必不可少的。在实践中,ea通常使用可视化手工分析。然而,可视化通常是静态的,只有很少的交互可能性。因此,如果信息需求发生变化,就必须由专家创建或配置新的可视化。此外,几乎没有工具用于分析复杂模型的特征。在本文中,我们介绍了体系结构描述的扩展概念化,它定义了交互式可视化的结构和进一步工具的集成,以灵活地响应涉众的信息需求。此外,我们开发了一个所谓的架构座舱,在原型中实现了扩展的概念化。最后,我们通过对一家金融保险行业公司的实际测试,对我们的方法进行了论证和评估。
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引用次数: 9
Evaluating the Persuasive and Motivational Design Method: Supporting Design for Sustainable Behavior Change 评价有说服力和动机的设计方法:支持可持续行为改变的设计
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.01
Danny Oldenhave, J. Sauren, T. V. D. Weide, S. Hoppenbrouwers
Introducing new technology within an organization requires a change in its employees' ways of working and thinking. Such a change is necessary to increase the adoption of the technology. The main issue is that employees do not sufficiently grow with innovation being promoted. When a change program is initiated, often it focuses on a short-term change, whereas a more sustainable change in behavior is necessary to fully adopt the technology. This article concerns the validation and evaluation of a design method called Persuasive and Motivational Design (PMD). PMD is a design tool aiming to bring about a sustainable behavior changes during the development of Information Systems. It is constructed using existing psychological methods and models. We used a survey amongst first users and the case of a significant application to get both a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our method. Our conclusion is that PMD is a promising technique. Furthermore, the results of this evaluation indicate some ways to further refine and improve our method.
在组织中引入新技术需要改变员工的工作方式和思维方式。这种改变对于提高技术的采用是必要的。主要问题是,员工没有随着创新的推进而充分成长。当变更计划启动时,它通常关注于短期变更,而更可持续的行为变更对于完全采用该技术是必要的。本文关注的是一种被称为说服与动机设计(PMD)的设计方法的验证和评估。PMD是一种设计工具,旨在实现信息系统开发过程中可持续的行为变化。它是使用现有的心理学方法和模型构建的。我们对第一批用户和一个重要应用程序的案例进行了调查,以获得对我们方法的定性和定量评估。我们的结论是PMD是一种很有前途的技术。此外,该评价结果还为进一步完善和改进我们的方法指明了一些途径。
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引用次数: 0
Structured Shared Spaces as a Basis for Building Business Process Support Systems: A Generic Model and Analysis of Examples 结构化共享空间作为构建业务流程支持系统的基础:一个通用模型和实例分析
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.03
I. Bider, P. Johannesson, E. Perjons
Though the concept of shared spaces had been known in Groupware and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) for quite a while, it did not become popular until the arrival of the Internet and social software. Implicitly, the concept of shared spaces has penetrated many IT-areas, including the area of Business Process Management. Though shared spaces are used in many systems and tools, like Google Drive and Projectplace, there is a lack of research investigating this usage in a generic way. The article aims to fill this gap by introducing a generic model of a Business Process Support (BPS) system based on shared space that supports the comparison, analysis and design of BPS systems. In addition, the article goes in more details on one design issue – the structuring of shared spaces. This is done by analyzing and comparing two different BPS systems that exploit the concept of shared spaces, though implicitly. These systems use different approaches to shared space structuring. The first one organizes the information by grouping similar types of items without regard to the flow of activities in a business process, while the other organizes the information around groups of activities that are usually completed as a block. Which model to choose in a particular situation depends on the characteristics of the business process and its participants. In order to facilitate this choice, the article offers a number of guidelines derived from the experience of using the two BPS systems in practice. The article also discusses in what circumstances BPS systems with shared spaces are preferable to traditional workflow BPS systems.
虽然共享空间的概念在群件和计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)中已经出现了很长一段时间,但直到Internet和社交软件的出现,它才开始流行起来。实际上,共享空间的概念已经渗透到许多it领域,包括业务流程管理领域。虽然共享空间在许多系统和工具中使用,如Google Drive和Projectplace,但缺乏以通用方式调查其使用情况的研究。本文旨在通过引入基于共享空间的业务流程支持(BPS)系统的通用模型来填补这一空白,该模型支持BPS系统的比较、分析和设计。此外,本文还详细讨论了一个设计问题——共享空间的结构。这是通过分析和比较两种不同的BPS系统来实现的,这两种系统都利用了共享空间的概念。这些系统使用不同的方法来构建共享空间。前者通过分组相似类型的项来组织信息,而不考虑业务流程中的活动流,而后者围绕通常作为块完成的活动组来组织信息。在特定情况下选择哪个模型取决于业务流程及其参与者的特征。为了促进这种选择,本文提供了一些从实践中使用这两种BPS系统的经验中得出的指导方针。本文还讨论了在何种情况下,具有共享空间的BPS系统优于传统工作流BPS系统。
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引用次数: 0
Selected Topics in Management and Modeling of Complex Systems: Editorial Introduction to Issue 16 of CSIMQ 在复杂系统的管理和建模选择的主题:编辑介绍第16期的CSIMQ
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.00
P. Forbrig
The 16th issue of CSIMQ presents four articles that cover a wide range of research topics. The topics of this issue start with psychological aspects of sustainable behavior change within organizations while new technologies are introduced into a company. The range of topics ends with the discussion of specific algorithms that allow entity clustering for Big Data analysis. The goal of these algorithms is the identification of different notations of references that refer to the same real-world object. This entity resolution is also called dedublication. Additionally, an approach for modelling enterprise architecture visualizations is discussed. It is used to specify and develop an architecture cockpit for a company from the financial sector. Within the range of topics is also a paper about the concepts of shared spaces as basis for building business process support systems. In the paper, a generic model is suggested that supports the comparison, analysis, and design of business process support systems.
第十六期《中国生物多样性杂志》发表了四篇文章,涵盖了广泛的研究课题。这个问题的主题开始与心理方面的可持续行为变化的组织,而新技术被引入到一个公司。主题的范围以允许实体聚类进行大数据分析的特定算法的讨论结束。这些算法的目标是识别引用同一个现实世界对象的不同符号。这种实体解析也称为删除。此外,还讨论了一种对企业架构可视化建模的方法。它用于为来自金融部门的公司指定和开发架构驾驶舱。在主题范围内还有一篇关于共享空间概念的论文,该概念是构建业务流程支持系统的基础。本文提出了一个通用模型,支持业务流程支持系统的比较、分析和设计。
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引用次数: 0
Scalable Matching and Clustering of Entities with FAMER 基于FAMER的实体可伸缩匹配与聚类
Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-16.04
A. Saeedi, Markus Nentwig, E. Peukert, E. Rahm
Entity resolution identifies semantically equivalent entities, e.g. describing the same product or customer. It is especially challenging for Big Data applications where large volumes of data from many sources have to be matched and integrated. We therefore introduce a scalable entity resolution framework called FAMER (FAst Multi-source Entity Resolution system) that is based on Apache Flink for distributed execution and that can holistically match entities from multiple sources. For the latter purpose, FAMER includes multiple clustering schemes that group matching entities from different sources within clusters. In addition to previously known clustering schemes FAMER includes new approaches tailored to multi-source entity resolution. We perform a detailed comparative evaluation of eight clustering schemes for different real-life and synthetically generated datasets. The evaluation considers both the match quality as well as the scalability for different numbers of machines and data sizes.
实体解析识别语义上等价的实体,例如描述相同的产品或客户。对于需要匹配和集成来自多个来源的大量数据的大数据应用来说,这尤其具有挑战性。因此,我们引入了一个可扩展的实体解析框架,称为FAMER(快速多源实体解析系统),它基于Apache Flink进行分布式执行,可以整体匹配来自多个来源的实体。对于后一种目的,FAMER包括多个聚类方案,将来自不同来源的匹配实体分组在集群中。除了先前已知的聚类方案外,FAMER还包括针对多源实体解析量身定制的新方法。我们对不同的真实数据集和合成数据集的八种聚类方案进行了详细的比较评估。评估既考虑匹配质量,也考虑不同机器数量和数据大小的可伸缩性。
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引用次数: 34
Automated Creation and Provisioning of Decision Information Packages for the Smart Factory 智能工厂决策信息包的自动创建和配置
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-15.04
Eva Hoos, Pascal Hirmer, B. Mitschang
In recent years, Industry 4.0 emerges as a new trend, enabling the integration of data-intensive cyber physical systems, Internet of Things, and mobile applications, into production environments. Even though Industry 4.0 concentrates on automated engineering and manufacturing processing, the human actor is still important for decision making in the product lifecycle process. To support correct and efficient decision making, human actors have to be provided with relevant data depending on the current context. This data needs to be retrieved from distributed sources like bill of material systems, product data management and manufacturing execution systems, holding product model and factory model. In this article, we address this issue by introducing the concept of decision information packages, which enable to compose relevant engineering data for a specific context from distributed data sources. To determine relevant data, we specify a context-aware engineering data model and corresponding operators. To realize our approach, we provide an architecture and a prototypical implementation based on requirements of a real case scenario. This article is a revised and selected version of the previous work.
近年来,工业4.0作为一种新趋势出现,使数据密集型网络物理系统、物联网和移动应用程序集成到生产环境中。尽管工业4.0专注于自动化工程和制造加工,但在产品生命周期过程中,人的角色对于决策仍然很重要。为了支持正确和有效的决策制定,必须根据当前环境向人类参与者提供相关数据。这些数据需要从诸如物料清单系统、产品数据管理和制造执行系统、产品模型和工厂模型等分布式来源中检索。在本文中,我们通过引入决策信息包的概念来解决这个问题,决策信息包能够为来自分布式数据源的特定上下文组合相关的工程数据。为了确定相关数据,我们指定了一个上下文感知的工程数据模型和相应的操作符。为了实现我们的方法,我们提供了一个基于真实案例场景需求的体系结构和原型实现。这篇文章是对以前工作的修改和选择。
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引用次数: 0
Decomposition and Conceptualization to Support System Dynamics Behavior Modeling 支持系统动力学行为建模的分解和概念化
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-15.03
F. Tulinayo, Theo van der Weide, Patrick van Bommel
With the increasing need for data-based decision making, social systems and the ecosystems; practitioners and decision makers need guidance in their decision making, as is offered by data-based models and a systematic generation of simulation tools. Overtly, relations between data and practice have been under-conceptualized. Data modelers and decision makers tend to lack a mutual understanding of each other’s knowledge systems which has led to huge knowledge gaps. Assimilation of modeling methods therefore is vital. Modeling methods use a specific way of thinking, rules and directions on how to model different aspects of systems. These rules and directions are what we refer to as constructs. Conceptualizing model relations and formulations requires significant domain knowledge and understanding of the constructs. In this article, we use the decomposition mechanism to better conceptualize and understand the System Dynamics (SD) model behavior, and show how using a natural language based domain modeling method (Object-Role Modeling, ORM) helps in dealing with complex SD models. Through applying the decomposition mechanism, we are able to better understand the underlying concepts of the stock and flow diagram and update behaviors of ORM objects. To achieve this, we use examples and an SD model derived from a case “Intrapartum process in Ugandan hospitals” to study the object behaviors. The main results of this article include: a theoretical founding of integrating ORM with SD; quantitative analysis at the level of ORM reasoning; and transformation rules from ORM into SD.
随着对基于数据的决策、社会系统和生态系统的需求日益增加;从业者和决策者在他们的决策中需要指导,这是由基于数据的模型和系统生成的模拟工具提供的。显然,数据和实践之间的关系没有被充分概念化。数据建模者和决策者往往缺乏对彼此知识系统的相互理解,这导致了巨大的知识差距。因此,同化建模方法是至关重要的。建模方法使用一种特定的思维方式、规则和方向来对系统的不同方面进行建模。这些规则和方向就是我们所说的构念。概念化模型关系和公式需要重要的领域知识和对结构的理解。在本文中,我们使用分解机制来更好地概念化和理解系统动力学(SD)模型行为,并展示如何使用基于自然语言的领域建模方法(对象-角色建模,ORM)来帮助处理复杂的SD模型。通过应用分解机制,我们能够更好地理解库存图和流程图的底层概念以及ORM对象的更新行为。为了实现这一目标,我们使用实例和源自“乌干达医院分娩过程”案例的SD模型来研究对象行为。本文的主要成果包括:建立了ORM与SD相结合的理论基础;ORM推理层面的定量分析;以及将规则从ORM转换为SD。
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引用次数: 1
Weaving of Aspects in Business Process Management 业务流程管理中的方面编织
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-15.02
A. Jalali
Separation of cross-cutting concerns is an important issue in business process management, where Aspect-Oriented Business Process Modeling (AO-BPM) aims to support this separation through a new form of encapsulation technique. Although different researchers have investigated how these models can be designed to support separation of non-retroactive cross-cutting concerns, there is no study that defines the separation of retroactive ones. The lack of a unified definition of the syntax and the operational semantics for these models hinders their enactment in practice as well. As a result, the perceived usefulness and usability of these approaches have not yet been investigated so far. Thus, this article fills this gap by formalizing an AO-BPM language and the semantics that can support enactment of such models. The semantics is validated through the state-space analysis technique, and the feasibility of the implementation is also demonstrated. The perceived usefulness and easy to use of the AO-BPM is evaluated by applying the Technology Acceptance Model during a workshop session. The result shows that participants perceived the approach usable and easy to use.
横切关注点的分离是业务流程管理中的一个重要问题,其中面向方面的业务流程建模(AO-BPM)旨在通过一种新的封装技术形式支持这种分离。尽管不同的研究人员已经研究了如何设计这些模型来支持非追溯性横切关注点的分离,但没有研究定义了追溯性关注点的分离。由于缺乏对这些模型的语法和操作语义的统一定义,也阻碍了它们在实践中的实施。因此,迄今为止尚未对这些方法的感知有用性和可用性进行调查。因此,本文将通过形式化一种AO-BPM语言和支持制定此类模型的语义来填补这一空白。通过状态空间分析技术对语义进行了验证,并论证了实现的可行性。通过在研讨会期间应用技术接受模型来评估AO-BPM的可用性和易用性。结果表明,参与者认为该方法可用且易于使用。
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引用次数: 3
Design-Time Web Usability Evaluation with Guideliner 设计时Web可用性评估指南
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-15.05
Jevgeni Marenkov, T. Robal, A. Kalja
The diversity of smartphones and tablet computers has become an integral part of modern life. An essential requirement for web application development is following web usability guidelines, while designing web user interface (UI). Even a minor change in UI could lead to usability problems. Empirical evaluation methods like interviews and questionnaires with user-tests and card sorting are effective in finding such problems. Nevertheless, there are multiple obstacles preventing the application of these methods especially for evaluating minor UI changes, for instance, due to the time and human-resources they require, and the amount of data to be processed. The purpose of this current publication is to present Guideliner – a tool for implementation-time automatic evaluation of web UI conformance to predefined usability guidelines. The main contribution of the presented solution is enabling immediate cost-efficient and automated web UI evaluation that conforms to available and set standards.
智能手机和平板电脑的多样性已经成为现代生活中不可或缺的一部分。web应用程序开发的一个基本要求是在设计web用户界面(UI)时遵循web可用性准则。即使是UI的微小变化也可能导致可用性问题。经验评价方法,如访谈和问卷调查与用户测试和卡片分类是有效的发现这些问题。然而,由于时间和人力资源的要求,以及需要处理的数据量,这些方法的应用存在许多障碍,特别是在评估较小的UI更改时。本出版物的目的是介绍guideiner——一个在实现时自动评估web UI是否符合预定义的可用性指南的工具。所提出的解决方案的主要贡献是使符合可用和设置标准的即时成本效益和自动化web UI评估成为可能。
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引用次数: 1
Selected Topics in Management and Modeling of Complex Systems: Editorial Introduction to Issue 15 of CSIMQ 在复杂系统的管理和建模选择的主题:编辑介绍第15期的CSIMQ
Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.7250/csimq.2018-15.00
P. Forbrig
The 15th issue of CSIMQ presents articles discussing management and modeling aspects of informatics research. The provided models and their application help to understand the domains under discussion. The models range from socio-technical models over business process models to models of usable graphical interfaces. Readers might find a lot of interesting aspects in this broad spectrum of management and modeling research. The published articles support management and modeling of complex systems in different ways on different levels of abstraction. The research results reflected in the articles can help to fill knowledge gaps and facilitate decision making in project management, business process management, very complex domain analysis, and data-intensive cyber-physical systems engineering.
CSIMQ第15期发表了关于信息学研究的管理和建模方面的文章。所提供的模型及其应用程序有助于理解所讨论的领域。这些模型的范围从业务流程模型上的社会技术模型到可用的图形界面模型。读者可能会在这个广泛的管理和建模研究中发现许多有趣的方面。发表的文章支持在不同的抽象层次上以不同的方式对复杂系统进行管理和建模。文章中反映的研究成果可以帮助填补项目管理、业务流程管理、非常复杂的领域分析和数据密集型网络物理系统工程中的知识空白和促进决策制定。
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引用次数: 0
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Complex Syst. Informatics Model. Q.
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