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The Impact of Behaviorist Theories and the Legal System Laws Developed from Them 行为主义理论的影响及其衍生的法律体系
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1031
Serine Petrosyan
The theories, which stress how environmental cues act as catalysts for criminal action, are based on ideas of imitation and learning. To comprehend criminal behavior as a learned or copied reaction to societal and environmental stimuli, this research emphasizes the significance of psychological deviations. The macro and micro layers of crimes are the main topics of this study’s investigation of psychological theories of the criminal justice system. In order to understand how societal and environmental factors affect individual criminal conduct, sociological and psychological perspectives on crime are used in this analysis. The idea of a mentor or guide is introduced, making the argument that people frequently need assistance and direction to develop their personalities. This research concludes that in the 20th century, blatant crimes such as drug trafficking and gambling undermined the rights of others to life and permanently severed the person from the mental conscious level, transferring him to an unconscious, unreal, obscured, and incomprehensible reality. This article reveals that men struggle more than women to communicate and comprehend their emotions, which makes them more likely to be charged with crimes.
这些理论强调环境线索如何成为犯罪行为的催化剂,是基于模仿和学习的思想。为了将犯罪行为理解为对社会和环境刺激的学习或复制反应,本研究强调了心理偏差的重要性。犯罪的宏观和微观层面是本研究刑事司法系统心理学理论研究的主要主题。为了了解社会和环境因素如何影响个人犯罪行为,在这种分析中使用了犯罪的社会学和心理学观点。这里引入了导师或向导的概念,认为人们经常需要帮助和指导来发展他们的个性。本研究的结论是,在20世纪,诸如贩毒和赌博等明目张心的罪行损害了他人的生命权,并永久地将人从精神意识层面切断,将他转移到一个无意识的、不真实的、模糊的、不可理解的现实中。这篇文章揭示了男性比女性更难以沟通和理解自己的情绪,这使得他们更有可能被指控犯罪。
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引用次数: 0
The Associative Characteristics of Linguophilosophical Concept “Freedom” in English, Armenian and Chinese Linguocultures “自由”这一语言哲学概念在英、亚、汉三种语言文化中的联想特征
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.995
G. Grigoryan, Wenxuan Ren, Huichun Ning
The article entitled “The Associative Characteristics of Linguophilosophical Concept “Freedom” in English, Armenian and Chinese Linguocultures” is devoted to the study of the linguophilosophical concept “Freedom” in different linguocultures, which is deeply related to the formation of the meaning of life for any individual and the main axiological functions of personality.The aim of the study is to give a complete characteristic of the linguophilosophical concept “Freedom” in the above mentioned linguocultures.The novelty of this work is determined by representing the construction of the model of “freedom” as a linguophilosophical concept, as well as defining its philosophical, cultural, linguistic and associative characteristics. This study is also important in identifying the ways of expressing “Freedom” in the lexical-phraseological system of language and communicative behavior.
“自由”这一语言哲学概念在英、亚、中三种语言文化中的关联特征”一文探讨了“自由”这一语言哲学概念在不同语言文化中的关联特征,它与个体生命意义的形成和人格的主要价值论功能有着深刻的关系。本研究的目的是给出上述语言文化中“自由”这一语言哲学概念的完整特征。这部作品的新颖性是通过将“自由”作为一个语言哲学概念的模型的构建,以及定义其哲学、文化、语言和联想特征来决定的。本研究对于识别“自由”在语言词汇-短语系统和交际行为中的表达方式也具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
An Аxiomatic System of Philosophical Ontology Аxiomatic哲学本体论体系
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1029
R. Djidjian, H. Hovhannisyan
For the first time in the history of philosophy, this article presents an axiomatic system of philosophical ontology intending to demonstratively solve “eternal” questions related to the most fundamental problems of human cognition of the natural (material) world. The corresponding system of axioms and definitions of philosophical ontology is proposed. Proofs of the first 20 theorems of axiomatic ontology are presented as solutions to traditional and modern aporias (incompatible alternatives) of ontology. Finally, the principles and most general laws of modern physics, including the Microworld and cosmology, are used as an empirical base of the theoretical system of philosophical ontology.
在哲学史上,本文首次提出了一个哲学本体论的公理化体系,旨在论证性地解决与人类对自然(物质)世界认知的最基本问题有关的“永恒”问题。提出了相应的哲学本体论的公理和定义体系。本文提出了公理本体论的前20个定理的证明,作为对传统和现代本体论的不相容替代的解决方案。最后,将现代物理学的原理和最普遍的规律,包括微观世界和宇宙论,作为哲学本体论理论体系的经验基础。
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引用次数: 1
Syntactic Stylistic Devices of Speech Manipulation in the English-Language Lifestyle Media Discourse 英语生活方式媒体语篇中言语操纵的句法文体手段
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.994
A. Radyuk, Margarita Nikogosyan
The article is devoted to the study of manipulative syntactic stylistic devices in the English language based on the articles about style, fashion, trends and their place in the sweepingly emerging lifestyle discourse.The relevance of this research is due to the dynamics of the pragmatic design of speech in connection with current changes in the fashion world and society’s attitude to modern trends. The purpose is to systematize manipulative syntactic devices in the English-language media discourse in connection with the actualization of self-expression, individuality, and originality.  The study of how these principles are promoted in media discourse could make a significant contribution to discursive research.Articles about style, fashion and trends from the quality press and lifestyle magazines were selected as the empirical material. As a result, the identified devices were subjected to functional and stylistic analysis, which made it possible to classify the main communicative purposes for which various syntactic stylistic devices are used.The authors come to the conclusion that the use of syntactic stylistic devices is conditioned by the manipulative potential of the lifestyle discourse and is concentrated around the following functions:  insisting on a certain opinion or attitude, exaggerating the value, endearing the reader.
本文通过对风格、时尚、趋势等方面的文章的分析,探讨了英语语言中可操纵的句法文体手法。这项研究的相关性是由于言语的语用设计与当前时尚界的变化和社会对现代趋势的态度有关。目的是系统化英语媒体话语中与自我表达、个性和独创性实现相关的操纵性句法手段。研究这些原则如何在媒体话语中得到推广,可以对话语研究做出重大贡献。文章的风格,时尚和趋势,从质量出版社和生活方式杂志被选择作为实证材料。因此,对识别出的交际手段进行了功能和文体分析,从而有可能对使用各种句法文体手段的主要交际目的进行分类。作者认为,句法文体手段的使用受到生活方式话语的操纵潜力的制约,并集中在以下几个功能上:坚持某种观点或态度、夸大价值、讨好读者。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Nomocracy: Muhammadiyah‟s Philosophy on the Relationship Between Religion and the State in Indonesia 伊斯兰法治:穆罕默德迪亚关于印尼宗教与国家关系的哲学
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.999
Rifqi Ridlo Pahlevy, Absori Absori, Aidul Fitriciada Azhari, Kelik Wardiono, Tomás Mateo Ramon, Vanka Lyandova, Arief Budiono
As one of the oldest Islamic societal organizations, Muhammadiyah is involved in the constitution formation process. This paper aims to analyze Muhammadiyah’s contribution to the state constitution from the start of the independence up to the amendment in the Reformation Era. Results showed that with its mostly Muslim population, the Islamic nomocracy idea that was developed in the dialectics of the Islamic societal organization largely influence Indonesia’s constitutional formation and legal construction Pancasila. The Islamic nomocracy idea offered by Muhammadiyah dynamically developed in line with the social, political, and religious dynamics in Indonesia from the independence up to the Reformation era. In that conception, the state of Pancasila is a final form of the co-existential relationship between religion and the state.
作为最古老的伊斯兰社会组织之一,穆罕默德迪亚参与了宪法的制定过程。本文旨在分析穆罕默迪亚从独立之初到宗教改革时期的修宪对国家宪法的贡献。结果表明,以穆斯林人口为主的印尼,在伊斯兰社会组织的辩证法中形成的伊斯兰法治思想对印尼的宪法形成和法制建设产生了很大的影响。穆罕默德迪亚提出的伊斯兰民主思想随着印尼从独立到宗教改革时期的社会、政治和宗教动态而动态发展。在这个概念中,潘卡西拉的状态是宗教与国家共存关系的最终形式。
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引用次数: 0
Сoncept of Alienation in the Works of K. Marx and J. Baudrillard Сoncept论马克思和鲍德里亚作品中的异化
Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.997
Maxim MONIN, Elena LEDENEVA, Elena SHADRINA
This article explores the idea of alienation in J. Baudrillard’s philosophy, which is both a continuation and a critique of K. Marx’s understanding of alienation. A comparison of both philosophies is drawn based on the specific example of the concept of alienation, which played an exceptionally important role in both Marx’s and Baudrillard’s concepts. Baudrillard, like Marx, uses the concept of alienation mainly as a tool to criticize modern society and the human condition in it. Moreover, like Marx, Baudrillard views alienation in close connection with the notion of private property. Yet along with this, as the article demonstrates, Baudrillard, in contrast to Marx, sees alienation not at all as a separation of man from his own universal essence, but on the contrary, as a dissolution in the social (to which Baudrillard attributed not a universal, but a concrete-historical meaning; this is reflected, for example, in the name consumer society for Western society in the second half of the 20th century).
本文探讨鲍德里亚哲学中的异化思想,这既是对马克思异化理解的延续,也是对马克思异化理解的批判。异化概念在马克思和鲍德里亚的概念中都发挥了极其重要的作用,本文以异化概念为例对两种哲学进行了比较。与马克思一样,鲍德里亚主要将异化概念作为批判现代社会和人类处境的工具。此外,像马克思一样,鲍德里亚认为异化与私有财产的概念密切相关。然而,与此同时,正如文章所表明的那样,与马克思相反,鲍德里亚认为异化根本不是人与他自己的普遍本质的分离,而是相反,作为社会的解体(鲍德里亚没有赋予普遍意义,而是赋予具体历史意义;例如,在20世纪下半叶的西方社会中,消费社会的名称就反映了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Muhammadiyah Organization’s Advocacy in Indonesia: Perspective of Transcendental Justice 默罕默迪亚组织在印尼的倡导:先验正义的视角
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.977
Legal advocacy in the form of legal aid is crucial for all people as the bad application of law enforcement ironically leads to a condition where the law spoils some groups while simultaneously marginalizing others in society. Muhammadiyah, one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia provides legal aid based on transcendental values to enforce one of its pillars, which is obeying all of Indonesia’s laws and regulations. Methods: This research was carried out using the normative empirical method by combining the normative and empirical legal research methods through a judicial case study. This legal aids on the philosophical thougt to help the citizen without violates the rule of law. Result and Discussion: The laws applied for judicial review include laws on Oil and Gas, Hospitals, Social Organizations, and Water Resources. This legal aid emphasizes divine values sourced from religious teachings and philosophies to became a base of action. Legal aid etymologically means the effort to achieve virtues without violation, this means no need a vandalism at al. Conclussion: Transcendental justice-based legal aid is also a basis on how the positive law on legal aid applies with the basis of the values of ethics, morals, and transcendence.
法律援助形式的法律倡导对所有人都至关重要,因为执法的不良应用具有讽刺意味的是,导致法律破坏了一些群体,同时使社会中的其他群体边缘化。默罕默迪亚是印度尼西亚最大的伊斯兰组织之一,提供基于超验价值观的法律援助,以执行其支柱之一,即遵守印度尼西亚的所有法律和法规。方法:本研究采用规范实证方法,通过司法案例研究,将规范与实证相结合。这一法律辅助的哲学思想是在不违反法治的前提下帮助公民。结果与讨论:申请司法审查的法律包括石油天然气法、医院法、社会组织法和水资源法。这种法律援助强调来自宗教教义和哲学的神圣价值,成为行动的基础。法律援助在词源上的意思是努力实现美德而不违反,这意味着根本不需要破坏。结论:基于先验正义的法律援助也是法律援助的成文法如何在伦理、道德和超越的价值基础上适用的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Language Features in Modern Social and Cultural Space and Personal Dimension 现代社会文化空间与个人维度中的语言特征
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.701
E. Krivosheeva, N. Zhabo, M. Avdonina, A. Bobunova
The article is dedicated to the study of language features in modern social and cultural space, identifying the mechanisms of its transformation (methodological aspect), interrelation and reciprocal influence of language and society, language and culture (postmodernism), language and way of thinking, and human spirituality.The authors have analyzed modern tendencies of language development, the levels of transformation and unification of linguistic variety.
本文致力于研究现代社会文化空间中的语言特征,确定其转化机制(方法论方面)、语言与社会、语言与文化(后现代主义)、语言与思维方式、人类精神的相互关系和相互影响。作者分析了现代语言发展的趋势、语言多样性的转化程度和统一程度。
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引用次数: 0
Cybersecurity Risks and Its Regulations. The Philosophy of Cybersecurity Audit 网络安全风险及其法规。网络安全审计哲学
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.970
Liana Grigoryan, L. Mirzoyan
Since financial institutions are leading targets of cyber attacks, the article’s main goal is to show that without dedicated action, the global financial system will only become more vulnerable as innovation, competition, and the pandemic further fuel the digital revolution. Also, the cost of cybercrime at financial institutions outpaces the cost of cybercrime in other industries. For example, according to a 2019 private study, the per-company cost of cybercrime is over $18 million for financial services companies, around 40% higher than the average cost for other sectors. If the entire system fails to address cybersecurity concerns adequately, this could lead to systemic risk – the risk that a cybersecurity incident would destabilize the financial system. The article considers the level of protection of confidential information in financial enterprises and the means of combating data leaks. In addition, the question of the need for an information technology audit, especially a cybersecurity audit, is raised.
由于金融机构是网络攻击的主要目标,本文的主要目的是表明,如果不采取专门行动,随着创新、竞争和疫情进一步推动数字革命,全球金融体系只会变得更加脆弱。此外,金融机构的网络犯罪成本超过了其他行业的网络犯罪成本。例如,根据2019年的一项私人研究,金融服务公司的每家公司网络犯罪成本超过1800万美元,比其他行业的平均成本高出约40%。如果整个系统不能充分解决网络安全问题,这可能会导致系统性风险——网络安全事件会破坏金融系统稳定的风险。本文考虑了金融企业对机密信息的保护水平和打击数据泄露的手段。此外,还提出了信息技术审计,特别是网络安全审计的必要性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Shakespearean Eptonyms of Biblical Origin 源自圣经的莎士比亚同义词
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.966
I. Kazymir, O. Halaibida, H.A. Kryshtaliuk, Iryna Svider, N. Frasyniuk
The article considers the issue of understanding the nature of eptonyms (phraseological units that are implicitly connected to the author who coined them, have deep meaning and recognizable character) in the plays of Shakespeare. The purpose of the research is in giving insight into the semantic-structural process of eptonymization and explaining how the transformed phraseological units become intertextual elements with double character (express the author’s individual concept and simultaneously have the reference to the Bible). The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the pragmastylistic and discursive paradigm. The method of double application proposed by L. P. Diadechko enabled the trace of eptonym coining. The findings suggest that some phraseological units of biblical origin become eptonyms through the process of derivation and modulation, employing the strategies of adaptation, addition or omission, substitution of some components, contamination of several phraseological units. Shakespeare’s deep knowledge of the Scripture enabled him to make use of biblicisms in his writing to actualize the emotional, aesthetic, and thematic richness of his works. Further application of the research outcomes is promising for investigating the Shakespearean eptonyms of ancient origin.
本文考虑了理解莎士比亚戏剧中同义词(与创造它们的作者隐含联系,具有深刻含义和可识别特征的短语单位)本质的问题。本文的研究目的在于揭示表位化的语义结构过程,解释转化后的词组单元如何成为具有双重特征的互文元素(既表达作者的个人概念,又具有对圣经的参考意义)。该研究的理论和方法基础是语用文体学和话语学范式。Diadechko提出的双重应用方法,使词源的仿造成为可能。研究结果表明,《圣经》中的一些短语单位通过衍生和调整的过程,采用了改编、添加或省略、替代某些成分、污染某些短语单位的策略,成为了同义词。莎士比亚对圣经的深入了解使他能够在写作中运用圣经主义来实现他作品的情感、美学和主题的丰富性。研究成果的进一步应用,为研究莎士比亚古代词源的近义词提供了前景。
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引用次数: 0
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