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Methodological Foundations of Socio-Philosophical and Legal Analysis of Corruption 腐败的社会哲学和法律分析的方法论基础
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1023
Yeranuhi Manukyan, A. Stepanyan, M. Ilyushina
Corruption remains a pervasive global issue with far-reaching consequences for societies, economies, and the rule of law. To effectively understand and combat this complex phenomenon, a robust methodological foundation is essential for socio-philosophical and legal analysis. This article explores the key aspects of corruption analysis, highlighting the multidimensional nature of the problem. It emphasizes the need to examine systemic factors such as institutional weaknesses and transparency deficits, alongside understanding the individual and collective motivations that drive corrupt behavior. The article advocates for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates empirical research, theoretical frameworks, and ethical considerations to unravel the intricate dynamics of corruption. By delving into the economic, social, and political impacts of corruption, this analysis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of corruption’s roots and consequences. The insights derived from this methodological exploration can inform the development of effective strategies to combat corruption and strengthen the foundations of a just and accountable society.
腐败仍然是一个普遍存在的全球问题,对社会、经济和法治产生深远影响。为了有效地理解和应对这种复杂的现象,一个强大的方法论基础对于社会哲学和法律分析是必不可少的。本文探讨了腐败分析的关键方面,强调了问题的多维性。它强调需要检查制度缺陷和透明度缺陷等系统性因素,同时了解驱动腐败行为的个人和集体动机。本文提倡采用多学科方法,将实证研究、理论框架和伦理考虑结合起来,以揭示腐败的复杂动态。通过深入研究腐败对经济、社会和政治的影响,这一分析有助于全面了解腐败的根源和后果。从这种方法探索中获得的见解可以为制定打击腐败的有效战略提供信息,并加强公正和负责任社会的基础。
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引用次数: 1
Raphael‟s “The School of Athens”: A Hypothesis on the Identity and Symbolic Meaning of the Figure in White Cloak: The True Muse of Raphael 拉斐尔的《雅典学派》:对白袍人物身份与象征意义的假设——拉斐尔真正的缪斯
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1006
Vahan Bezirganyan
Raphael’s fresco “The School of Athens” is rich with figures of prominent philosophers who are identified by their certain characteristic details. The identity of a figure in Raphael’s “The School of Athens” Plato group traditionally attributed to Francesco Rovere, is currently being questioned. Present article brings forward a new hypothesis on this matter: the aforementioned figure is seen as a collective figure that symbolizes the unity of a man and a woman, in this case, Raphael and his muse. Besides, this figure also encodes the year when the fresco was painted. As a key to the code, the blackboard containing the Platonic perfect number 10 immediately at the figure’s feet is important, as well as the positions of some of the figures in the first row on the left part of the painting. The article also makes some revelations about Raphael’s real muse, who, according to the author, was the courtesan Imperia. Evidence of this is the fact that Imperia is portrayed in many of Raphael’s works.
拉斐尔的壁画《雅典学派》(The School of Athens)中有许多著名哲学家的形象,这些人物都是通过他们的某些特征细节来识别的。在拉斐尔的“雅典学派”柏拉图组中,一个人物的身份传统上被认为是弗朗西斯科·罗维尔,目前正在受到质疑。本文对这一问题提出了一个新的假设:上述人物被视为一个集体人物,象征着一个男人和一个女人的团结,在这种情况下,拉斐尔和他的缪斯。此外,这个数字还编码了壁画绘制的年份。作为密码的关键,人物脚下的黑板上写着柏拉图式的完美数字10,以及画中左边第一排一些人物的位置都很重要。这篇文章还揭示了拉斐尔真正的缪斯,根据作者的说法,她是交际花Imperia。证据是,在拉斐尔的许多作品中都描绘了帝国。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation Model for Virtue Education in Business English Courses 商务英语课程德性教育评价模型
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1018
Jingjing Shi, S. Narasuman, J. Luaran, Jie Xiang, Wanwan Li
Virtue education is an effective way to cultivate youth’s values through their day-to-day learning activities. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness due to the implicit and accumulative property of virtue education, which is coherently consistent with self-efficacy. Thus, a processive evaluation model for Business English (BE) was designed, in which, virtue education is divided into three dimensions, and their coherence with self-efficacy is supported by literature. A 3-level index system was constructed based on CIPP. As a core component of this evaluation system, a bilingual 35-item College Academic Self-efficacy Inventory from Virtue Perspective (CASI-V) was developed, which is derived from CASI. The reliability and validity analysis were then conducted to test the quality of the scale. The results show that the instrument is qualified to be used in subsequent research.
美德教育是通过青少年的日常学习活动培养青少年价值观的有效途径。然而,由于美德教育的内隐性和累积性,其有效性难以评价,这与自我效能感是一致的。为此,设计了一个商务英语(BE)的过程性评价模型,将美德教育分为三个维度,并通过文献支持其与自我效能感的一致性。基于CIPP构建了一个三级指标体系。作为该评价体系的核心组成部分,衍生CASI,开发了一份35项的双语《美德视角大学生学业自我效能感量表》(CASI- v)。然后进行信度和效度分析,检验量表的质量。结果表明,该仪器可用于后续的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Syntactic Stylistic Devices of Speech Manipulation in the English-Language Lifestyle Media Discourse 英语生活方式媒体语篇中言语操纵的句法文体手段
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.994
A. Radyuk, Margarita Nikogosyan
The article is devoted to the study of manipulative syntactic stylistic devices in the English language based on the articles about style, fashion, trends and their place in the sweepingly emerging lifestyle discourse.The relevance of this research is due to the dynamics of the pragmatic design of speech in connection with current changes in the fashion world and society’s attitude to modern trends. The purpose is to systematize manipulative syntactic devices in the English-language media discourse in connection with the actualization of self-expression, individuality, and originality.  The study of how these principles are promoted in media discourse could make a significant contribution to discursive research.Articles about style, fashion and trends from the quality press and lifestyle magazines were selected as the empirical material. As a result, the identified devices were subjected to functional and stylistic analysis, which made it possible to classify the main communicative purposes for which various syntactic stylistic devices are used.The authors come to the conclusion that the use of syntactic stylistic devices is conditioned by the manipulative potential of the lifestyle discourse and is concentrated around the following functions:  insisting on a certain opinion or attitude, exaggerating the value, endearing the reader.
本文通过对风格、时尚、趋势等方面的文章的分析,探讨了英语语言中可操纵的句法文体手法。这项研究的相关性是由于言语的语用设计与当前时尚界的变化和社会对现代趋势的态度有关。目的是系统化英语媒体话语中与自我表达、个性和独创性实现相关的操纵性句法手段。研究这些原则如何在媒体话语中得到推广,可以对话语研究做出重大贡献。文章的风格,时尚和趋势,从质量出版社和生活方式杂志被选择作为实证材料。因此,对识别出的交际手段进行了功能和文体分析,从而有可能对使用各种句法文体手段的主要交际目的进行分类。作者认为,句法文体手段的使用受到生活方式话语的操纵潜力的制约,并集中在以下几个功能上:坚持某种观点或态度、夸大价值、讨好读者。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Nomocracy: Muhammadiyah‟s Philosophy on the Relationship Between Religion and the State in Indonesia 伊斯兰法治:穆罕默德迪亚关于印尼宗教与国家关系的哲学
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.999
Rifqi Ridlo Pahlevy, Absori Absori, Aidul Fitriciada Azhari, Kelik Wardiono, Tomás Mateo Ramon, Vanka Lyandova, Arief Budiono
As one of the oldest Islamic societal organizations, Muhammadiyah is involved in the constitution formation process. This paper aims to analyze Muhammadiyah’s contribution to the state constitution from the start of the independence up to the amendment in the Reformation Era. Results showed that with its mostly Muslim population, the Islamic nomocracy idea that was developed in the dialectics of the Islamic societal organization largely influence Indonesia’s constitutional formation and legal construction Pancasila. The Islamic nomocracy idea offered by Muhammadiyah dynamically developed in line with the social, political, and religious dynamics in Indonesia from the independence up to the Reformation era. In that conception, the state of Pancasila is a final form of the co-existential relationship between religion and the state.
作为最古老的伊斯兰社会组织之一,穆罕默德迪亚参与了宪法的制定过程。本文旨在分析穆罕默迪亚从独立之初到宗教改革时期的修宪对国家宪法的贡献。结果表明,以穆斯林人口为主的印尼,在伊斯兰社会组织的辩证法中形成的伊斯兰法治思想对印尼的宪法形成和法制建设产生了很大的影响。穆罕默德迪亚提出的伊斯兰民主思想随着印尼从独立到宗教改革时期的社会、政治和宗教动态而动态发展。在这个概念中,潘卡西拉的状态是宗教与国家共存关系的最终形式。
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引用次数: 0
Сoncept of Alienation in the Works of K. Marx and J. Baudrillard Сoncept论马克思和鲍德里亚作品中的异化
Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.997
Maxim MONIN, Elena LEDENEVA, Elena SHADRINA
This article explores the idea of alienation in J. Baudrillard’s philosophy, which is both a continuation and a critique of K. Marx’s understanding of alienation. A comparison of both philosophies is drawn based on the specific example of the concept of alienation, which played an exceptionally important role in both Marx’s and Baudrillard’s concepts. Baudrillard, like Marx, uses the concept of alienation mainly as a tool to criticize modern society and the human condition in it. Moreover, like Marx, Baudrillard views alienation in close connection with the notion of private property. Yet along with this, as the article demonstrates, Baudrillard, in contrast to Marx, sees alienation not at all as a separation of man from his own universal essence, but on the contrary, as a dissolution in the social (to which Baudrillard attributed not a universal, but a concrete-historical meaning; this is reflected, for example, in the name consumer society for Western society in the second half of the 20th century).
本文探讨鲍德里亚哲学中的异化思想,这既是对马克思异化理解的延续,也是对马克思异化理解的批判。异化概念在马克思和鲍德里亚的概念中都发挥了极其重要的作用,本文以异化概念为例对两种哲学进行了比较。与马克思一样,鲍德里亚主要将异化概念作为批判现代社会和人类处境的工具。此外,像马克思一样,鲍德里亚认为异化与私有财产的概念密切相关。然而,与此同时,正如文章所表明的那样,与马克思相反,鲍德里亚认为异化根本不是人与他自己的普遍本质的分离,而是相反,作为社会的解体(鲍德里亚没有赋予普遍意义,而是赋予具体历史意义;例如,在20世纪下半叶的西方社会中,消费社会的名称就反映了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Language Features in Modern Social and Cultural Space and Personal Dimension 现代社会文化空间与个人维度中的语言特征
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.701
E. Krivosheeva, N. Zhabo, M. Avdonina, A. Bobunova
The article is dedicated to the study of language features in modern social and cultural space, identifying the mechanisms of its transformation (methodological aspect), interrelation and reciprocal influence of language and society, language and culture (postmodernism), language and way of thinking, and human spirituality.The authors have analyzed modern tendencies of language development, the levels of transformation and unification of linguistic variety.
本文致力于研究现代社会文化空间中的语言特征,确定其转化机制(方法论方面)、语言与社会、语言与文化(后现代主义)、语言与思维方式、人类精神的相互关系和相互影响。作者分析了现代语言发展的趋势、语言多样性的转化程度和统一程度。
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引用次数: 0
Muhammadiyah Organization’s Advocacy in Indonesia: Perspective of Transcendental Justice 默罕默迪亚组织在印尼的倡导:先验正义的视角
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.977
Legal advocacy in the form of legal aid is crucial for all people as the bad application of law enforcement ironically leads to a condition where the law spoils some groups while simultaneously marginalizing others in society. Muhammadiyah, one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia provides legal aid based on transcendental values to enforce one of its pillars, which is obeying all of Indonesia’s laws and regulations. Methods: This research was carried out using the normative empirical method by combining the normative and empirical legal research methods through a judicial case study. This legal aids on the philosophical thougt to help the citizen without violates the rule of law. Result and Discussion: The laws applied for judicial review include laws on Oil and Gas, Hospitals, Social Organizations, and Water Resources. This legal aid emphasizes divine values sourced from religious teachings and philosophies to became a base of action. Legal aid etymologically means the effort to achieve virtues without violation, this means no need a vandalism at al. Conclussion: Transcendental justice-based legal aid is also a basis on how the positive law on legal aid applies with the basis of the values of ethics, morals, and transcendence.
法律援助形式的法律倡导对所有人都至关重要,因为执法的不良应用具有讽刺意味的是,导致法律破坏了一些群体,同时使社会中的其他群体边缘化。默罕默迪亚是印度尼西亚最大的伊斯兰组织之一,提供基于超验价值观的法律援助,以执行其支柱之一,即遵守印度尼西亚的所有法律和法规。方法:本研究采用规范实证方法,通过司法案例研究,将规范与实证相结合。这一法律辅助的哲学思想是在不违反法治的前提下帮助公民。结果与讨论:申请司法审查的法律包括石油天然气法、医院法、社会组织法和水资源法。这种法律援助强调来自宗教教义和哲学的神圣价值,成为行动的基础。法律援助在词源上的意思是努力实现美德而不违反,这意味着根本不需要破坏。结论:基于先验正义的法律援助也是法律援助的成文法如何在伦理、道德和超越的价值基础上适用的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Speculative Whole Revised 投机整体修订
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.963
Boris Solozhenkin, D. Smirnov
How to think of the Whole? Our theoretical findings on that matter emanate from the critical response to D. F. Verene’s account of the idea of the Whole, which is speculative and necessary for true philosophy. As this study shows, the idea in its essence depends upon two main criteria, ontological and epistemological. Both criteria perfectly demonstrate the logic of supplementation, which undermines the original conception. We argue that the speculative Whole has to be revisited. First, the only possibility to provide the connection between the idea of the Whole and self-knowledge in a consistent way could be given through the idea of holistic living. Secondly, the Whole must be thought virtual: that allows the Whole to exist in a variety of drafts, exclusive of the one true. Both our theoretical gestures result in a significant convergence of the concepts of the Whole and Becoming.
如何思考整体?我们在这个问题上的理论发现源于对D. F. Verene关于“整体”概念的描述的批判性回应,这对真正的哲学来说是思辨的和必要的。正如本研究所表明的那样,思想在本质上取决于两个主要标准,即本体论和认识论。这两个标准都完美地证明了补充的逻辑,这破坏了最初的概念。我们认为,投机的整体必须重新审视。首先,整体性生活的理念是唯一能够以一致的方式提供整体理念与自我认知之间联系的可能性。其次,整体必须被认为是虚拟的:这允许整体存在于各种草案中,排除真实的。我们的两种理论姿态都导致了整体和变易概念的显著融合。
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引用次数: 0
Shakespearean Eptonyms of Biblical Origin 源自圣经的莎士比亚同义词
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v25i1.966
I. Kazymir, O. Halaibida, H.A. Kryshtaliuk, Iryna Svider, N. Frasyniuk
The article considers the issue of understanding the nature of eptonyms (phraseological units that are implicitly connected to the author who coined them, have deep meaning and recognizable character) in the plays of Shakespeare. The purpose of the research is in giving insight into the semantic-structural process of eptonymization and explaining how the transformed phraseological units become intertextual elements with double character (express the author’s individual concept and simultaneously have the reference to the Bible). The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the pragmastylistic and discursive paradigm. The method of double application proposed by L. P. Diadechko enabled the trace of eptonym coining. The findings suggest that some phraseological units of biblical origin become eptonyms through the process of derivation and modulation, employing the strategies of adaptation, addition or omission, substitution of some components, contamination of several phraseological units. Shakespeare’s deep knowledge of the Scripture enabled him to make use of biblicisms in his writing to actualize the emotional, aesthetic, and thematic richness of his works. Further application of the research outcomes is promising for investigating the Shakespearean eptonyms of ancient origin.
本文考虑了理解莎士比亚戏剧中同义词(与创造它们的作者隐含联系,具有深刻含义和可识别特征的短语单位)本质的问题。本文的研究目的在于揭示表位化的语义结构过程,解释转化后的词组单元如何成为具有双重特征的互文元素(既表达作者的个人概念,又具有对圣经的参考意义)。该研究的理论和方法基础是语用文体学和话语学范式。Diadechko提出的双重应用方法,使词源的仿造成为可能。研究结果表明,《圣经》中的一些短语单位通过衍生和调整的过程,采用了改编、添加或省略、替代某些成分、污染某些短语单位的策略,成为了同义词。莎士比亚对圣经的深入了解使他能够在写作中运用圣经主义来实现他作品的情感、美学和主题的丰富性。研究成果的进一步应用,为研究莎士比亚古代词源的近义词提供了前景。
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引用次数: 0
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