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The Philosophical Thought of the Prophetic Law in the Indonesian Legal System 印尼法律体系中先知法的哲学思想
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1002
Siti Zuliyah, Fithriatus Shalihah, S. Suryadi, M. Megawati, Uni Tsulasi Putri, Rahmat Muhajir Nugroho
In Indonesia, the positivistic modern ideology is currently experiencing a downfall due to its inability to overcome the problems of human life. This study aims to complete the explanation of why prophetic law is needed in the Indonesian legal system in the juridical domain and the implementation domain. This was qualitative research which used a philosophical juridical approach. This paper used a descriptive method of analysis. In Indonesia, the prophetic law refers to the ideology of Pancasila, which is interpreted as the nation’s way of life. It reveals the relationship between humans and God, the relationship among humans, and the relationship between humans and the universe. The basis for the thought and implementation of prophetic law in Indonesia is the first principle of Pancasila and the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, which stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence was a blessing from Allah (God) Almighty. In addition, based on Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power, it is stated that the judiciary is carried out “for the sake of justice based on the Belief in One God,” which is the soul of decisions made by judicial bodies in Indonesia.
在印度尼西亚,实证主义的现代意识形态由于无法克服人类生活的问题,目前正在经历垮台。本研究的目的是在司法领域和实施领域完成对印度尼西亚法律制度中为什么需要先知法的解释。这是一种使用哲学法学方法的定性研究。本文采用描述性分析方法。在印度尼西亚,预言法指的是潘卡西拉的意识形态,被解释为国家的生活方式。它揭示了人与上帝的关系,人与人之间的关系,人与宇宙的关系。在印度尼西亚,先知法的思想和实施的基础是潘卡西拉的第一原则和1945年宪法的序言,其中指出印度尼西亚独立的宣布是全能的安拉(上帝)的祝福。此外,根据2009年关于司法权的第48号法律,司法工作是“为了基于对唯一上帝的信仰的正义”而进行的,这是印度尼西亚司法机构作出决定的灵魂。
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引用次数: 0
The Problem of the Subject and Object of Cognition in Postnonclassical Science 后非经典科学中的认知主体与客体问题
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.968
K. Oganyan, V. Ogorodnikov, K. Oganyan, K. Prozorovskaya, Victor Bashkirtsev, Anatoly Solovyov
The article clarifies the change in the content and essence of subject-object relations in different periods of the development of scientific knowledge. The analysis of the main interpretations of the concept of “subject” in post-non-classical science is carried out. Attention is drawn to the negative consequences for scientific cognition of attempts on the one hand to break the irreducible unity of subject-object relations, and on the other - to bring this unity to a complete fusion of components. The authors, based on the evolutionary connection between the formation of human consciousness and cognition in the process of activity, reveal the main determinants of the evolution of subject-object relations.
本文阐明了科学知识发展不同时期主客体关系的内容和本质的变化。对后非经典科学中“主体”概念的主要解释进行了分析。要注意的是,一方面试图打破主客体关系的不可约的统一性,另一方面又试图使这种统一性成为各组成部分的完全融合,会给科学认识带来消极的后果。作者从人的意识形成与认知在活动过程中的演化联系出发,揭示了主客体关系演化的主要决定因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Linguistic-Pragmatic Study on Collocations in Business Media Discourse 商务媒体语篇中搭配的语言语用研究
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1022
E. Malyuga, E. Madinyan
This study investigates the linguistic-pragmatic characteristics of “conflict activity” (CA) collocations in English business media discourse through a lexical-semantic analysis. By examining a corpus of articles from prominent American business news outlets, we identified 426 collocations that constitute the CA lexical-semantic field. These collocations were scrutinized for their expressiveness, cultural markers, appellative function, and their role in conveying business realities. The research found that language in American business media discourse exhibits a blend of informative and expressive functions, prevalence of clichés, engagement techniques, culturally marked units, and a dominance of the appellative function. The study also highlighted how stylistic devices like metaphor, metonymy, antithesis, and hyperbole endow expressiveness to the core lexemes. Findings contribute to our understanding of the lexical-pragmatic characteristics of business media discourse and offer a nuanced insight into their role in shaping readers' perceptions and attitudes.
本研究通过词汇语义分析探讨了英语商业媒体语篇中“冲突活动”(CA)搭配的语言语用特征。通过检查来自美国著名商业新闻媒体的文章语料库,我们确定了构成CA词汇语义领域的426种搭配。对这些搭配的表现力、文化标志、称谓功能及其在传达商业现实中的作用进行了仔细审查。研究发现,美国商业媒体话语中的语言表现出信息功能和表达功能的混合、陈词滥调的盛行、参与技巧、文化标记单位以及称谓功能的主导。该研究还强调了隐喻、转喻、对偶和夸张等文体手段如何赋予核心词汇表现力。研究结果有助于我们理解商业媒体话语的词汇语用特征,并提供了它们在塑造读者观念和态度方面的细致入微的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Coalitions as a Factor in the Institutionalization of the Transition to Democracy 联盟是向民主过渡制度化的一个因素
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.990
E.K. Aleksanyan, M. Margaryan
The article studies the behavioral models of parties in democratic change in terms of building coalitions and concluding “pacts” within the framework of their own value system. The party coalitions established as a consequence of Armenia’s presidential and legislative elections over the past 20 years are analyzed. Since 2003, and to this day, coalitions in Armenia have assumed only the consolidation of political personalities pursuing power and the formation of coalitions with “minimal gain”. The ineffectiveness of the political coalition is due to the formal nature of thematic and doctrinal discussions as a result of the absence of genuine communication between the ruling elite. The method is supported by evidence that the inefficiency of coalitions established in Armenia during the democratic transition period suggests that coalitions are one of the causes of political growth crises only in terms of maintaining their own interest-based system.With this method, the authors demonstrate the persistence of Armenia’s political development crises in the context of democracy transition.
本文从政党在自身价值体系框架内建立联盟和缔结“契约”的角度,研究了民主变革中的政党行为模式。本文分析了亚美尼亚在过去20年的总统和立法选举中建立的政党联盟。从2003年至今,亚美尼亚的联盟都是由追求权力的政治人物组成的,联盟的形成“收益最小”。由于统治精英之间缺乏真正的沟通,政治联盟的无效是由于主题和理论讨论的形式性质。有证据表明,在民主过渡时期在亚美尼亚建立的联盟效率低下,这表明,联盟只是在维持其自身以利益为基础的制度方面,才是造成政治增长危机的原因之一。通过这种方法,作者证明了亚美尼亚在民主转型背景下的政治发展危机的持久性。
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引用次数: 0
Liberalism and Religious Moderation: The Dilemma in Indonesia 自由主义与宗教节制:印尼的困境
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1014
Sri Lumatus Sa’adah, Khusniati Rofiah, Abdul Mun’im, S. Yusuf, Moch. Chotib
Liberalism was born from European society’s condition that was oppressed by feudalism. It is a paradigm that is easily accepted due to its principle of freedom and its emphasis on the human ratio. In its development, liberalism influenced various aspects of the Eastern world, including Islam as the religion of the majority of Indonesians. The two basic problems of this research are: (1) how does liberalism influence Islam and (2) what efforts are required to prevent liberalism’s influence on Islam. This research used the qualitative method with the literary and historical approaches. Results showed that liberalism is currently the mainstream paradigm of thought and culture in the world. The atmosphere of thought as well as the constellation of contemporary humanity are dominated by this paradigm. One of the important efforts to prevent liberalism and extremism is to strengthen the scholarly system of Islam through religious moderation that still strongly holds on to the Qur’an and Hadits, making people knowledgeable and religious. Serious studies on Islamic thoughts should be conducted to be placed from the Islamic worldview perspective. There should be the development of science using the Islamic concept and perspective, rather than using Western methods to assess Islamic concepts.
自由主义是在封建压迫下的欧洲社会条件下诞生的。这是一种很容易被接受的范式,因为它的自由原则和对人的比例的强调。在其发展过程中,自由主义影响了东方世界的各个方面,包括作为大多数印度尼西亚人宗教的伊斯兰教。本研究的两个基本问题是:(1)自由主义如何影响伊斯兰教;(2)需要采取哪些措施来防止自由主义对伊斯兰教的影响。本研究采用文学与历史相结合的定性研究方法。结果表明,自由主义是当今世界思想文化的主流范式。这一范式支配着当代人类的思想氛围和星座。防止自由主义和极端主义的重要措施之一,是通过宗教节制来加强伊斯兰教的学术体系,这种节制仍然强烈坚持古兰经和圣训,使人们有知识和宗教信仰。对伊斯兰思想的认真研究应该从伊斯兰的世界观出发。应该用伊斯兰的概念和观点来发展科学,而不是用西方的方法来评价伊斯兰的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of Thought Style in Organizing the Educational Process and Training of Medical Students 组织医学生教育过程与训练中的思维方式形成
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.998
E. Shadrina, Zakir A. Kuliev, E. Schastlivtseva
The purpose of the paper is to analyze thought style as a foundation for understanding the operation of scientific education. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is formed by the concepts of development of science through paradigm shifts, philosophical analysis of thought style, and heuristic capabilities of philosophical comparativism in combination with the hermeneutic method of text interpretation as applied to the sociocultural paradigm of science. The training of a specialist in any scientific field is realized in the framework of the given thought style because the style directs the perception and determines the nature of work with the empirical material and the form of solving problematic situations. Training provides not only an increment of specialized knowledge but also a projection of a general cultural communicative orientation. Thus, the construction of how one should perceive, understand, evaluate, and apply can be viewed as the construction and implementation of an appropriate educational strategy. The concept of thought styles is one of the most successful methodologies for explaining not only the movement of science but also the implementation of education in science.
本文的目的是分析思维方式,作为理解科学教育运作的基础。本书的理论和方法论基础是通过范式转换、思维方式的哲学分析、哲学比较主义的启发式能力,以及应用于科学社会文化范式的文本解释的解释学方法,形成的科学发展概念。任何科学领域的专家培训都是在给定思维方式的框架内实现的,因为这种思维方式指导了感知,并决定了用经验材料和解决问题情况的形式来工作的性质。培训不仅提供了专业知识的增加,而且还提供了总体文化交际方向的投射。因此,一个人应该如何感知、理解、评价和应用的构建可以被视为一个适当的教育策略的构建和实施。思维方式的概念是最成功的方法论之一,不仅解释了科学的运动,也解释了科学教育的实施。
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引用次数: 0
Pedagogical Potential of the Philosophy of Atheistic Existentialism and Humanistic Psychoanalysis 论存在主义哲学与人本主义精神分析的教学潜力
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1000
Natalia E. Shafazhinskaya, N. Bondarenko, I. Polozhentseva, I. Molchanova, V. Kozlov, Alexey Aleshkov, Said-Umar Vozkaev, V. Sekerin
The study assesses the relevance of developing the worldview of modern pedagogy and presents the main criteria that can be followed when choosing philosophical concepts and pedagogical teachings. The authors conduct an academic analysis of the current state of philosophy associated with the postmodern approach to equalizing subjectively significant aspects. Based on the analysis of philosophical works of the 20th century, they substantiate the French atheistic existentialism and existential (humanistic) psychoanalysis as philosophical concepts that form a productive worldview of modern people. It is concluded that atheistic existentialism and humanistic psychoanalysis are among the most important trends in philosophy, especially in the 20th century. The above-mentioned philosophical concepts can influence education by promoting a more holistic approach to teaching and learning that considers the intellectual, emotional, and ethical aspects of human experience. These perspectives can help educators create a learning environment that promotes personal growth, self-awareness, and critical thinking, as well as foster the development of more empathetic, responsible, and engaged citizens.
本研究评估了发展现代教育学世界观的相关性,并提出了在选择哲学概念和教学教学时可以遵循的主要标准。作者对哲学的现状进行了学术分析,这些现状与后现代方法相关联,以平衡主观重要方面。他们在分析20世纪哲学著作的基础上,将法国的无神论存在主义和存在主义(人本主义)精神分析作为哲学概念加以证实,形成了现代人富有成效的世界观。结论是,无神论存在主义和人本主义精神分析是哲学中最重要的趋势,特别是在20世纪。上述哲学概念可以通过促进一种更全面的教学方法来影响教育,这种方法考虑到人类经验的智力、情感和道德方面。这些观点可以帮助教育工作者创造一个促进个人成长、自我意识和批判性思维的学习环境,并促进更有同情心、更负责任和更积极参与的公民的发展。
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引用次数: 0
An Аxiomatic System of Philosophical Ontology Аxiomatic哲学本体论体系
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1029
R. Djidjian, H. Hovhannisyan
For the first time in the history of philosophy, this article presents an axiomatic system of philosophical ontology intending to demonstratively solve “eternal” questions related to the most fundamental problems of human cognition of the natural (material) world. The corresponding system of axioms and definitions of philosophical ontology is proposed. Proofs of the first 20 theorems of axiomatic ontology are presented as solutions to traditional and modern aporias (incompatible alternatives) of ontology. Finally, the principles and most general laws of modern physics, including the Microworld and cosmology, are used as an empirical base of the theoretical system of philosophical ontology.
在哲学史上,本文首次提出了一个哲学本体论的公理化体系,旨在论证性地解决与人类对自然(物质)世界认知的最基本问题有关的“永恒”问题。提出了相应的哲学本体论的公理和定义体系。本文提出了公理本体论的前20个定理的证明,作为对传统和现代本体论的不相容替代的解决方案。最后,将现代物理学的原理和最普遍的规律,包括微观世界和宇宙论,作为哲学本体论理论体系的经验基础。
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引用次数: 1
The Associative Characteristics of Linguophilosophical Concept “Freedom” in English, Armenian and Chinese Linguocultures “自由”这一语言哲学概念在英、亚、汉三种语言文化中的联想特征
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.995
G. Grigoryan, Wenxuan Ren, Huichun Ning
The article entitled “The Associative Characteristics of Linguophilosophical Concept “Freedom” in English, Armenian and Chinese Linguocultures” is devoted to the study of the linguophilosophical concept “Freedom” in different linguocultures, which is deeply related to the formation of the meaning of life for any individual and the main axiological functions of personality.The aim of the study is to give a complete characteristic of the linguophilosophical concept “Freedom” in the above mentioned linguocultures.The novelty of this work is determined by representing the construction of the model of “freedom” as a linguophilosophical concept, as well as defining its philosophical, cultural, linguistic and associative characteristics. This study is also important in identifying the ways of expressing “Freedom” in the lexical-phraseological system of language and communicative behavior.
“自由”这一语言哲学概念在英、亚、中三种语言文化中的关联特征”一文探讨了“自由”这一语言哲学概念在不同语言文化中的关联特征,它与个体生命意义的形成和人格的主要价值论功能有着深刻的关系。本研究的目的是给出上述语言文化中“自由”这一语言哲学概念的完整特征。这部作品的新颖性是通过将“自由”作为一个语言哲学概念的模型的构建,以及定义其哲学、文化、语言和联想特征来决定的。本研究对于识别“自由”在语言词汇-短语系统和交际行为中的表达方式也具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Behaviorist Theories and the Legal System Laws Developed from Them 行为主义理论的影响及其衍生的法律体系
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v26i2.1031
Serine Petrosyan
The theories, which stress how environmental cues act as catalysts for criminal action, are based on ideas of imitation and learning. To comprehend criminal behavior as a learned or copied reaction to societal and environmental stimuli, this research emphasizes the significance of psychological deviations. The macro and micro layers of crimes are the main topics of this study’s investigation of psychological theories of the criminal justice system. In order to understand how societal and environmental factors affect individual criminal conduct, sociological and psychological perspectives on crime are used in this analysis. The idea of a mentor or guide is introduced, making the argument that people frequently need assistance and direction to develop their personalities. This research concludes that in the 20th century, blatant crimes such as drug trafficking and gambling undermined the rights of others to life and permanently severed the person from the mental conscious level, transferring him to an unconscious, unreal, obscured, and incomprehensible reality. This article reveals that men struggle more than women to communicate and comprehend their emotions, which makes them more likely to be charged with crimes.
这些理论强调环境线索如何成为犯罪行为的催化剂,是基于模仿和学习的思想。为了将犯罪行为理解为对社会和环境刺激的学习或复制反应,本研究强调了心理偏差的重要性。犯罪的宏观和微观层面是本研究刑事司法系统心理学理论研究的主要主题。为了了解社会和环境因素如何影响个人犯罪行为,在这种分析中使用了犯罪的社会学和心理学观点。这里引入了导师或向导的概念,认为人们经常需要帮助和指导来发展他们的个性。本研究的结论是,在20世纪,诸如贩毒和赌博等明目张心的罪行损害了他人的生命权,并永久地将人从精神意识层面切断,将他转移到一个无意识的、不真实的、模糊的、不可理解的现实中。这篇文章揭示了男性比女性更难以沟通和理解自己的情绪,这使得他们更有可能被指控犯罪。
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引用次数: 0
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Wisdom
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