Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.289
G. G. Priya, B. K. Rao
GUI testing is a process of testing a software application or functionality of GUI. It is defined as an interface between user and software which provides an easy way to interact with the system. GUI plays an important role in software engineering. GUI-based application requires that a test case consists of sequences of user actions/events to be executed. Selenium is an open-source tool for testing GUI Application by executing test cases whether the GUI Application is working properly or not. In this, we present test script repair technique to repair test cases. Test script repair technique uses reverse engineering process for creating the test script. Test script repair consists of three stages; they are Ripping, Mapping and Repairing. In ripping stage, there are two relationships for representing event interaction of GUI Application. During ripping we know the location of each widget. In mapping stage,original GUI events are mapped to an event-flow graph (EFG). In repairing stage, Event flow graph uses repairing transformations and human input to modified script to repair the test cases, and synthesizes a new “repaired” test script. During this process, test script repair uses GUI objects for yielding a final test script that can be executed using selenium tool to validate the GUI Application. An experiment using selenium tool to test, test cases suggests that it is effective in that unusable test scripts are repaired. Annotations significantly reduced the human cost to repair test cases.
{"title":"GUI Test Script Repair in Regression Testing","authors":"G. G. Priya, B. K. Rao","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.289","url":null,"abstract":"GUI testing is a process of testing a software application or functionality of GUI. It is defined as an interface between user and software which provides an easy way to interact with the system. GUI plays an important role in software engineering. GUI-based application requires that a test case consists of sequences of user actions/events to be executed. Selenium is an open-source tool for testing GUI Application by executing test cases whether the GUI Application is working properly or not. In this, we present test script repair technique to repair test cases. Test script repair technique uses reverse engineering process for creating the test script. Test script repair consists of three stages; they are Ripping, Mapping and Repairing. In ripping stage, there are two relationships for representing event interaction of GUI Application. During ripping we know the location of each widget. In mapping stage,original GUI events are mapped to an event-flow graph (EFG). In repairing stage, Event flow graph uses repairing transformations and human input to modified script to repair the test cases, and synthesizes a new “repaired” test script. During this process, test script repair uses GUI objects for yielding a final test script that can be executed using selenium tool to validate the GUI Application. An experiment using selenium tool to test, test cases suggests that it is effective in that unusable test scripts are repaired. Annotations significantly reduced the human cost to repair test cases.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126253803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.206
A. Mitra
India has created economic opportunities and provided economic liberalization to Indian women by empowering them through entrepreneurship prominently since the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85). The male dominated society has since then seen a pronounced reduction of socio-cultural tax paid by women and a widespread improvement in women literacy, employment, financial independence and government’s entrepreneurial development schemes. Yet, the representation of women entrepreneurs in the economy especially from the urban sector is considerably low. Among the problems a woman entrepreneur encounters, a crucial challenge that hinders decision making and repels her natural success gene is her conflict with self; the intrapersonal conflict. There has not been much probe into this particular aspect that works slowly within and may eventually extinguish the urge of economic independence. Hence this theoretical study is an effort to highlight the fact that, while psychological traits such as aspiration, confidence, self-worth, self-esteem, self-actualization and internal locus of control stimulate women to dart towards economic independence, the conflict among them can also hold them back from it, creating the “autoimmune system” in the process. Reviews from various research and e-books and secondary data from Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), 6th Economic Census have been used to substantiate the facts.
{"title":"Intrapersonal Conflict: The Autoimmunity in Women Entrepreneurship","authors":"A. Mitra","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.206","url":null,"abstract":"India has created economic opportunities and provided economic liberalization to Indian women by empowering them through entrepreneurship prominently since the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85). The male dominated society has since then seen a pronounced reduction of socio-cultural tax paid by women and a widespread improvement in women literacy, employment, financial independence and government’s entrepreneurial development schemes. Yet, the representation of women entrepreneurs in the economy especially from the urban sector is considerably low. Among the problems a woman entrepreneur encounters, a crucial challenge that hinders decision making and repels her natural success gene is her conflict with self; the intrapersonal conflict. There has not been much probe into this particular aspect that works slowly within and may eventually extinguish the urge of economic independence. Hence this theoretical study is an effort to highlight the fact that, while psychological traits such as aspiration, confidence, self-worth, self-esteem, self-actualization and internal locus of control stimulate women to dart towards economic independence, the conflict among them can also hold them back from it, creating the “autoimmune system” in the process. Reviews from various research and e-books and secondary data from Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), 6th Economic Census have been used to substantiate the facts.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131145202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.217
H. Kaur, K. Dhillon
This article approaches the utilization of the Naive Bayes (in a matter of moments NB) classifier. It exhibits that the count NB improves the assignments of the Web mining by the precision reports arrange. This recommendation separated the execution of Naïve Bayes count with other gathering frameworks. The probability of making a gathering model for doling out the Scholarships to understudies by focusing on precision of the system, numerous components have been bankrupt down, notwithstanding several them are discovered capable when accuracy was considered
{"title":"An Analysis of Naïve Bayes Hypothesis for Web Scraping and Data Mining","authors":"H. Kaur, K. Dhillon","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.217","url":null,"abstract":"This article approaches the utilization of the Naive Bayes (in a matter of moments NB) classifier. It exhibits that the count NB improves the assignments of the Web mining by the precision reports arrange. This recommendation separated the execution of Naïve Bayes count with other gathering frameworks. The probability of making a gathering model for doling out the Scholarships to understudies by focusing on precision of the system, numerous components have been bankrupt down, notwithstanding several them are discovered capable when accuracy was considered","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132753781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.207
Sameer Kumar, Subarana Sarkar Mukarjee
In this paper export performance of India’s evaluating in the structure of India’s export, followed the sectored composition and relative competiveness of India’s Exports. India’s Exports have played an increasingly important role in India’s economic growth. This statistical study shows that India’s Export performance improved during the post reform period and there has been changed in the value, composition and direction of India’s Export. Those volume and value of export has increased manifold. India’s share in the world export is still not up to the expansion economic reform. This paper analyses the performance of India’s Exports and the various economic factors which have contributed to its growth.
{"title":"A Statistical Examine of Trend Concept in India’s Export","authors":"Sameer Kumar, Subarana Sarkar Mukarjee","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.207","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper export performance of India’s evaluating in the structure of India’s export, followed the sectored composition and relative competiveness of India’s Exports. India’s Exports have played an increasingly important role in India’s economic growth. This statistical study shows that India’s Export performance improved during the post reform period and there has been changed in the value, composition and direction of India’s Export. Those volume and value of export has increased manifold. India’s share in the world export is still not up to the expansion economic reform. This paper analyses the performance of India’s Exports and the various economic factors which have contributed to its growth.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116880795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to delimit the decision-making factors when opting for event destinations. Therefore, a survey based on the Likert scale of 6 points was set out to the 79 surveyees who held events in Brazil between 2005 and 2010, and was cataloged by one of the most important event organizers associations in the world. The answers lay out little homogeneity, which is evident from the analysis of average and standard deviations to the multivariate analysis, especially through factor analysis. It was noticed that the categories for services and costs are legitimate; since the categories which aimed at diagnosing the influence of location in choosing the events destination is null and void. The results set out that cost and location have influence in decision-making when it comes to the election of an event destination, but the ascertained variables do not bear high statistical validity.
{"title":"Delimitation and Verification of Decision-Making Factors When Settling Upon Event Destinations: The Brazilian Case","authors":"Adriano Stadler, Marcos Rogério Maioli, Mariana Pires Vidal Lopez","doi":"10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.261","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to delimit the decision-making factors when opting for event destinations. Therefore, a survey based on the Likert scale of 6 points was set out to the 79 surveyees who held events in Brazil between 2005 and 2010, and was cataloged by one of the most important event organizers associations in the world. The answers lay out little homogeneity, which is evident from the analysis of average and standard deviations to the multivariate analysis, especially through factor analysis. It was noticed that the categories for services and costs are legitimate; since the categories which aimed at diagnosing the influence of location in choosing the events destination is null and void. The results set out that cost and location have influence in decision-making when it comes to the election of an event destination, but the ascertained variables do not bear high statistical validity.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117289096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.196
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce. This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used. Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively. Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference. Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases. Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity. The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.
{"title":"Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast","authors":"Ma. Dulce C. Guillena","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I7.196","url":null,"abstract":"Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce. This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used. Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively. Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference. Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases. Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity. The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"361 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.263
Ankita Sharma, Manav Bali
Now a days most of the software companies are able to produce valuable software in a very short span of time with minimum costs and with adjustable environments. For this purpose Agile Methodologies were thus introduced to meet all the requirements of a software development company. In this paper we will discuss the agile technique and SCRUM there advantages and disadvantages. Also we discuss about the dissimilarities and similarities between the new requirements of the software development companies.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Software Development Methods: Agile vs Scrum","authors":"Ankita Sharma, Manav Bali","doi":"10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/IJERMT.V6I6.263","url":null,"abstract":"Now a days most of the software companies are able to produce valuable software in a very short span of time with minimum costs and with adjustable environments. For this purpose Agile Methodologies were thus introduced to meet all the requirements of a software development company. In this paper we will discuss the agile technique and SCRUM there advantages and disadvantages. Also we discuss about the dissimilarities and similarities between the new requirements of the software development companies.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131115582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.227
Sheethal D, Chandrashekhar H.K
Security is the major concern with respect to the critical information shared between the vehicles. Vehicular ad hoc network is a sub class of Mobile ad hoc network in which the vehicles move freely and communicate with each other and with the roadside unit (RSU) as well. Since the nodes are self organized, highly mobile and free to move therefore any nodes can interact with any other node which may or may not be trustworthy. This is the area of concern in the security horizon of VANETs. It is the responsibility of RSU to make the network available all the time to every node for secure communication of critical information. For this, network availability occurs as the major security requirement, which may be exposed to several threats or attacks. The vehicles and the RSU are prone to several security attacks such as masquerading, Sybil attack, alteration attack, Selfish driver attack, etc. Among these Denial of Service attack is the major threat to the availability of network. In order to shelter the VANET from DoS attack we have proposed Enhanced Attacked Packet Detection Algorithm which prohibits the deterioration of the network performance even under this attack. EAPDA not only verify the nodes and detect malicious nodes but also improves the throughput with minimized delay thus enhancing security. The simulation is done using NS2 and the results are compared with earlier done work.
{"title":"A Novel Mechanism for Detecting DOS Attack in VANET Using EAPDA","authors":"Sheethal D, Chandrashekhar H.K","doi":"10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.227","url":null,"abstract":"Security is the major concern with respect to the critical information shared between the vehicles. Vehicular ad hoc network is a sub class of Mobile ad hoc network in which the vehicles move freely and communicate with each other and with the roadside unit (RSU) as well. Since the nodes are self organized, highly mobile and free to move therefore any nodes can interact with any other node which may or may not be trustworthy. This is the area of concern in the security horizon of VANETs. It is the responsibility of RSU to make the network available all the time to every node for secure communication of critical information. For this, network availability occurs as the major security requirement, which may be exposed to several threats or attacks. The vehicles and the RSU are prone to several security attacks such as masquerading, Sybil attack, alteration attack, Selfish driver attack, etc. Among these Denial of Service attack is the major threat to the availability of network. In order to shelter the VANET from DoS attack we have proposed Enhanced Attacked Packet Detection Algorithm which prohibits the deterioration of the network performance even under this attack. EAPDA not only verify the nodes and detect malicious nodes but also improves the throughput with minimized delay thus enhancing security. The simulation is done using NS2 and the results are compared with earlier done work.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133073214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.292
G. Suresh, K. Kumar, P. Ambalavanan, P. Kumaresan
Zinc Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS), crystal is a magnificent metal natural compound, which consolidates the upsides of both natural and inorganic materials when contrasted and other customary non-linear optical materials and in this way can be utilized as a part of a more extensive scope of uses. Late endeavors at delivering new recurrence transformation materials have concentrated essentially on expanding the extent of the NLO properties that can recurrence twofold low pinnacle control sources, for example, diode lasers. The thermo gravimetric examination (TGA) and differential warm investigation (DTA) were completed utilizing Seiko warm analyzer at warming rate 20°C/min in air to decide the warm dependability of the compound. ZTS crystals were developed by moderate cooling procedure. This empowers the development of mass gems along all the three bearings at an ideal pH. FTIR examines demonstrate that in the spectra of ZTS there is a move in the recurrence band in the low-recurrence district which uncovers that thiourea shapes sulfur-to-zinc securities in the ZTS crystals. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has been analyzed. The developments try in extensive scale with this enhanced pH qualities is required to yield mass crystal appropriate for laser combination tests and SHG device applications.
{"title":"HUMO-LUMO Studies on Methyl Orange Doped ZTS Crystals for Laser Applications","authors":"G. Suresh, K. Kumar, P. Ambalavanan, P. Kumaresan","doi":"10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.292","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc Thiourea Sulphate (ZTS), crystal is a magnificent metal natural compound, which consolidates the upsides of both natural and inorganic materials when contrasted and other customary non-linear optical materials and in this way can be utilized as a part of a more extensive scope of uses. Late endeavors at delivering new recurrence transformation materials have concentrated essentially on expanding the extent of the NLO properties that can recurrence twofold low pinnacle control sources, for example, diode lasers. The thermo gravimetric examination (TGA) and differential warm investigation (DTA) were completed utilizing Seiko warm analyzer at warming rate 20°C/min in air to decide the warm dependability of the compound. ZTS crystals were developed by moderate cooling procedure. This empowers the development of mass gems along all the three bearings at an ideal pH. FTIR examines demonstrate that in the spectra of ZTS there is a move in the recurrence band in the low-recurrence district which uncovers that thiourea shapes sulfur-to-zinc securities in the ZTS crystals. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has been analyzed. The developments try in extensive scale with this enhanced pH qualities is required to yield mass crystal appropriate for laser combination tests and SHG device applications.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-29DOI: 10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.278
Eva Rianty Angelina Sitanggang, Basuki, I Made Narsa
Most companies in the implementation of social responsibility using a number of the company's budget for pro-social activities and philanthropy. Cited from some previous research that factors are more expressed in CSRD (Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure) is human resources and community involvement while Environmental disclosure still require more attention. Not concern in environmental issues will threat the sustainability of the environmental and community life itself. Some economists realized that the quality of the environment has an inverse relationship (trade-off), which means that efforts to accelerate economic growth will be followed by the environmental damage due to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. The level of public awareness and businesses respond to the needs of nature conservation with an efficient use of resources is still very varied across the country. It is believed to be due to differences in the level of competitiveness across countries. The level of competitiveness is associated with innovation, skills (Fagerberg, 1996) and technology (Eisdofer and Hsu, 2011). Developed countries have a higher level of competitiveness compared with developing countries and some research suggests the implementation of CSR in developed countries is better when compared to developing countries. Companies are operating in the hightech industry has the opportunity to become the market leader, but this does not guarantee a high quality of CSR activities in that countries. To date, there has not been much research on measuring the quality of CSR. This study offers a measurement of the National CSR Index Quality for mining and metal sector. Researchers considered that the measure of quality for each business sector is not the same. This study uses content analysis of the aspects listed companies based on the quality criteria set out in this study.
大多数公司在履行社会责任时都将公司的一些预算用于亲社会活动和慈善事业。从之前的一些研究中可以看出，CSRD (Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure)中更多表达的因素是人力资源和社区参与，而环境信息披露则需要更多的关注。不关注环境问题将威胁到环境和社区生活本身的可持续性。一些经济学家认识到，环境质量是一种反比关系(权衡关系)，也就是说，在经济加速增长的同时，自然资源的枯竭和环境的恶化将导致环境的破坏。在全国范围内，公众意识和企业对有效利用资源的自然保护需求的反应水平仍然存在很大差异。这被认为是由于各国之间的竞争力水平存在差异。竞争力水平与创新、技能(Fagerberg, 1996)和技术(Eisdofer and Hsu, 2011)有关。与发展中国家相比，发达国家的竞争力水平更高，一些研究表明，发达国家的企业社会责任实施情况比发展中国家更好。从事高科技行业的公司有机会成为市场领导者，但这并不能保证这些国家的企业社会责任活动的高质量。迄今为止，关于企业社会责任质量的衡量研究还不多。本研究为矿业和金属行业提供了国家企业社会责任指数质量的测量方法。研究人员认为，每个行业的质量衡量标准并不相同。本研究基于本研究提出的质量标准对上市公司各方面进行了内容分析。
{"title":"It’s the Time to Assess the Quality of National CSR","authors":"Eva Rianty Angelina Sitanggang, Basuki, I Made Narsa","doi":"10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.278","url":null,"abstract":"Most companies in the implementation of social responsibility using a number of the company's budget for pro-social activities and philanthropy. Cited from some previous research that factors are more expressed in CSRD (Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure) is human resources and community involvement while Environmental disclosure still require more attention. Not concern in environmental issues will threat the sustainability of the environmental and community life itself. Some economists realized that the quality of the environment has an inverse relationship (trade-off), which means that efforts to accelerate economic growth will be followed by the environmental damage due to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. The level of public awareness and businesses respond to the needs of nature conservation with an efficient use of resources is still very varied across the country. It is believed to be due to differences in the level of competitiveness across countries. The level of competitiveness is associated with innovation, skills (Fagerberg, 1996) and technology (Eisdofer and Hsu, 2011). Developed countries have a higher level of competitiveness compared with developing countries and some research suggests the implementation of CSR in developed countries is better when compared to developing countries. Companies are operating in the hightech industry has the opportunity to become the market leader, but this does not guarantee a high quality of CSR activities in that countries. To date, there has not been much research on measuring the quality of CSR. This study offers a measurement of the National CSR Index Quality for mining and metal sector. Researchers considered that the measure of quality for each business sector is not the same. This study uses content analysis of the aspects listed companies based on the quality criteria set out in this study.","PeriodicalId":416512,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122106441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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