Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1937173
M. Babu
ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates the relationship of pilot inceptor workload (PIW) with the workload buildup flight test technique (WBFTT) with various conditions of pilot workload, for objective aircraft handling qualities (HQ) evaluation. Background HQ evaluation of a piloted aircraft remains an elusive area of flight testing, due to the existing subjective evaluation technique for the pilot workload. The pilot control inceptor being an important interface for a pilot with the aircraft, it is the best tool to estimate pilot workload. Method The statistical model of this research involved 3 independent variables, namely aircraft flying qualities, secondary task, and boundary effect of WBFTT, each differently affecting the pilot workload. Two studies were undertaken on a fixed-base, variable-stability HQ research flight simulator with military test pilots. In-flight study of pilot inceptor movement was undertaken in an advanced jet trainer aircraft during high pilot-gain air-to-ground target tracking tasks. Results The results of simulator studies validated the relationships of PIW and WBFTT with statistical significance from a wide set of data, with variations in pilot workload in terms of flying qualities and secondary task. The in-flight studies validated the effects of high pilot gain and proximity to ground (boundary), on the pilot inceptor movements, in training combat maneuvers. Conclusion Studies manifested PIW as a simple and direct measure to estimate pilot workload and WBFTT as an effective technique for HQ stress testing with high pilot gain.
{"title":"Investigation of Pilot Inceptor Workload and Workload Buildup Technique Through Simulator and In-Flight Studies","authors":"M. Babu","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1937173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1937173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates the relationship of pilot inceptor workload (PIW) with the workload buildup flight test technique (WBFTT) with various conditions of pilot workload, for objective aircraft handling qualities (HQ) evaluation. Background HQ evaluation of a piloted aircraft remains an elusive area of flight testing, due to the existing subjective evaluation technique for the pilot workload. The pilot control inceptor being an important interface for a pilot with the aircraft, it is the best tool to estimate pilot workload. Method The statistical model of this research involved 3 independent variables, namely aircraft flying qualities, secondary task, and boundary effect of WBFTT, each differently affecting the pilot workload. Two studies were undertaken on a fixed-base, variable-stability HQ research flight simulator with military test pilots. In-flight study of pilot inceptor movement was undertaken in an advanced jet trainer aircraft during high pilot-gain air-to-ground target tracking tasks. Results The results of simulator studies validated the relationships of PIW and WBFTT with statistical significance from a wide set of data, with variations in pilot workload in terms of flying qualities and secondary task. The in-flight studies validated the effects of high pilot gain and proximity to ground (boundary), on the pilot inceptor movements, in training combat maneuvers. Conclusion Studies manifested PIW as a simple and direct measure to estimate pilot workload and WBFTT as an effective technique for HQ stress testing with high pilot gain.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"65 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60127940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2022.2034505
Nuttaporn Utamatanin, P. Pariwatcharakul
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effect of caffeine and sleep quality on the flight performance-related cognitive function. Background High levels of cognitive performance in pilots is required for flight safety. Methods Students at a military flight school in Thailand were invited to participate in this study. Exclusion criteria was positive screening for caffeine use disorder. We examined three cognitive functions required for flight performance: (1) vigilance (Mackworth Clock Test), (2) situational awareness, including memory (Corsi block-tapping test) and spatial reasoning (mental rotation test), and (3) reaction time (Deary-Liewald task). Neuropsychological tasks were performed before and 30 minutes after drinking a bottle of 220 ml coffee containing 143 mg of caffeine. Sleep quality was measured by the Thai-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Twenty-nine healthy males without caffeine use disorder with a mean age of 25.1 years were enrolled. After low-dose caffeine intake (<3 mg/kg body weight), cognitive performance improved significantly in vigilance, situation awareness, and reaction time. Baseline cognitive performance was not different between high (HSQ) and low sleep quality (LSQ) groups. After drinking coffee, however, participants with HSQ demonstrated improvements in vigilance and reaction time, while the LSQ group had improved vigilance only. Conclusion Low dose caffeine improved vigilance, situational awareness, and reaction time which were cognitive functions required for flight performance. The cognitive-enhancing effect of caffeine was more obvious in student pilots with high-quality sleep.
{"title":"The Effect of Caffeine and Sleep Quality on Military Pilot Students’ Flight Performance-Related Cognitive Function","authors":"Nuttaporn Utamatanin, P. Pariwatcharakul","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2022.2034505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2022.2034505","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effect of caffeine and sleep quality on the flight performance-related cognitive function. Background High levels of cognitive performance in pilots is required for flight safety. Methods Students at a military flight school in Thailand were invited to participate in this study. Exclusion criteria was positive screening for caffeine use disorder. We examined three cognitive functions required for flight performance: (1) vigilance (Mackworth Clock Test), (2) situational awareness, including memory (Corsi block-tapping test) and spatial reasoning (mental rotation test), and (3) reaction time (Deary-Liewald task). Neuropsychological tasks were performed before and 30 minutes after drinking a bottle of 220 ml coffee containing 143 mg of caffeine. Sleep quality was measured by the Thai-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results Twenty-nine healthy males without caffeine use disorder with a mean age of 25.1 years were enrolled. After low-dose caffeine intake (<3 mg/kg body weight), cognitive performance improved significantly in vigilance, situation awareness, and reaction time. Baseline cognitive performance was not different between high (HSQ) and low sleep quality (LSQ) groups. After drinking coffee, however, participants with HSQ demonstrated improvements in vigilance and reaction time, while the LSQ group had improved vigilance only. Conclusion Low dose caffeine improved vigilance, situational awareness, and reaction time which were cognitive functions required for flight performance. The cognitive-enhancing effect of caffeine was more obvious in student pilots with high-quality sleep.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"152 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60128041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1978847
Yassmin Ebrahim, B. Molesworth, William G. Rantz
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this research was to understand risk, predictors of risk, and for pilots the relationship between personality as determined by the risk prediction scales and flight performance. Background Risk-taking is a topic that draws attention because of its link with the causation of injury. In the literature, there are a large number of papers linking personality traits to self-reported risk-taking, in addition to theoretical commentaries. In contrast, there are very few empirical studies that examine the link between personality traits, such as risk-taking and actual risk-taking behavior. Method One hundred university students with no flying experience (59 females) and 17 pilots (five females) completed a battery of personality and risk scales. Pilots were also tasked to complete a simulated flight involving a low-level flying task. Results The results revealed that pilots had a higher propensity for risk than the general population. However, this risk was tempered by the personality factor of self-control. Evidence of this juxtaposed position was present during the simulated flight; pilots’ propensity for risky behavior was inversely related to actual risk-taking behavior. Conclusion These results indicate a dichotomy in risk-takers, impetuous and calculative risk-takers. These findings have important implications for pilot selection and training.
{"title":"Risk-taking Propensity: A Comparison between Pilots and Members of the General Population","authors":"Yassmin Ebrahim, B. Molesworth, William G. Rantz","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1978847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1978847","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this research was to understand risk, predictors of risk, and for pilots the relationship between personality as determined by the risk prediction scales and flight performance. Background Risk-taking is a topic that draws attention because of its link with the causation of injury. In the literature, there are a large number of papers linking personality traits to self-reported risk-taking, in addition to theoretical commentaries. In contrast, there are very few empirical studies that examine the link between personality traits, such as risk-taking and actual risk-taking behavior. Method One hundred university students with no flying experience (59 females) and 17 pilots (five females) completed a battery of personality and risk scales. Pilots were also tasked to complete a simulated flight involving a low-level flying task. Results The results revealed that pilots had a higher propensity for risk than the general population. However, this risk was tempered by the personality factor of self-control. Evidence of this juxtaposed position was present during the simulated flight; pilots’ propensity for risky behavior was inversely related to actual risk-taking behavior. Conclusion These results indicate a dichotomy in risk-takers, impetuous and calculative risk-takers. These findings have important implications for pilot selection and training.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"138 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60127988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1925120
Burcu Şahinkaya, H. Oktal
ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, the aircrew rostering problem is evaluated in conjunction with fatigue factors. Background: In the mathematical models developed for crew rostering problems, the fatigue level of aircrew members is evaluated only within the scope of the flight and duty time limitations defined by the civil aviation authorities. In this study, a new model is developed in which the fatigue risk factors such as the number of flight legs, additional workload, circadian rhythm, and consecutive flights are added to the crew rostering problem. Method: A linear mathematical programming model was developed for the aircrew rostering problem. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is used in the solution of the model. The problem is solved and the effects of the fatigue risk factors on crew rostering problems are examined by using the weekly and monthly real flight data of a Turkish air carrier. The results obtained are demonstrated in Gantt charts. Results: Although the results obtained are within the limits of flight and duty time defined by civil aviation authorities, it is found that many flight duties exceed the limits considering the fatigue risk factors. Conclusion: The model proposed can be used to minimize human error, predict the fatigue risk in various duties, and increase productivity and safety.
{"title":"Modeling of Aircrew Rostering Problem with Fatigue Risk Management Approach","authors":"Burcu Şahinkaya, H. Oktal","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1925120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1925120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, the aircrew rostering problem is evaluated in conjunction with fatigue factors. Background: In the mathematical models developed for crew rostering problems, the fatigue level of aircrew members is evaluated only within the scope of the flight and duty time limitations defined by the civil aviation authorities. In this study, a new model is developed in which the fatigue risk factors such as the number of flight legs, additional workload, circadian rhythm, and consecutive flights are added to the crew rostering problem. Method: A linear mathematical programming model was developed for the aircrew rostering problem. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is used in the solution of the model. The problem is solved and the effects of the fatigue risk factors on crew rostering problems are examined by using the weekly and monthly real flight data of a Turkish air carrier. The results obtained are demonstrated in Gantt charts. Results: Although the results obtained are within the limits of flight and duty time defined by civil aviation authorities, it is found that many flight duties exceed the limits considering the fatigue risk factors. Conclusion: The model proposed can be used to minimize human error, predict the fatigue risk in various duties, and increase productivity and safety.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"269 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1925120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42575824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1945928
Shu-Chuan Chen
ABSTRACT Objective The main goals of this study are to identify the possible factors that may affect the level of passion that aircraft technicians have for their job and how job passion may lead to safety motivation. Background Aircraft maintenance technicians play an essential role in ensuring flight safety since they are obligated to carry out critical responsibilities related to maintaining flight devices. However, the significance and professionalism of civil aircraft technicians tend to be underestimated due to limited academic discussion of job-related issues. In practice, the particular job characteristics and working environment have led to various job demands and requirements for job resources, which may be related to the level of passion of the aircraft maintenance crews. Method Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the empirical data collected with the questionnaire survey. The sealable stamped addressed envelopes were attached to guarantee for the innominate approach, and a total of 411 usable samples was returned. Results Significant relations found between work-family conflict, professional development and job passion in the expected directions, while non-significant results were presented between work-load, social support, and job passion. In addition, job passion significantly and positively related to air technicians’ safety motivation. Conclusion Aircraft technicians undertake their workload without responding to it in a significantly negative manner, unless the designated work causes work-family conflict. A vision of career development is crucial to continuously elevate job passion in these individuals. Passionate aircraft technicians are motivated to contribute to aviation safety.
{"title":"Off-stage Heroes: The Antecedents and Consequences of Job Passion among Civil Aviation Maintenance Crew","authors":"Shu-Chuan Chen","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1945928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1945928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The main goals of this study are to identify the possible factors that may affect the level of passion that aircraft technicians have for their job and how job passion may lead to safety motivation. Background Aircraft maintenance technicians play an essential role in ensuring flight safety since they are obligated to carry out critical responsibilities related to maintaining flight devices. However, the significance and professionalism of civil aircraft technicians tend to be underestimated due to limited academic discussion of job-related issues. In practice, the particular job characteristics and working environment have led to various job demands and requirements for job resources, which may be related to the level of passion of the aircraft maintenance crews. Method Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the empirical data collected with the questionnaire survey. The sealable stamped addressed envelopes were attached to guarantee for the innominate approach, and a total of 411 usable samples was returned. Results Significant relations found between work-family conflict, professional development and job passion in the expected directions, while non-significant results were presented between work-load, social support, and job passion. In addition, job passion significantly and positively related to air technicians’ safety motivation. Conclusion Aircraft technicians undertake their workload without responding to it in a significantly negative manner, unless the designated work causes work-family conflict. A vision of career development is crucial to continuously elevate job passion in these individuals. Passionate aircraft technicians are motivated to contribute to aviation safety.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"95 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1945928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42806568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1931227
J. Nosker, M. Lassen, A. Cornelius
ABSTRACT Objective: Current evidence-based guidelines to mitigate fatigue and protect against adverse events in the emergency medical service industry are minimally effective. Since flight medicine is a team event, the performance-cohesion relationship is examined as a potential countermeasure against fatigue-related errors in aeromedicine. Background: Fatigue has been implicated in decision-making errors, suggesting that it impacts cognitive abilities and clinical performance. Although the impact of fatigue on medical performance in aeromedicine has yet to be examined, it is intuitive flight providers are also susceptible to fatigue-induced errors. Given the additional fatiguing effects of flight, research is needed to elucidate protective factors that can reduce the likelihood of fatigue-induced errors in flight medicine. Method: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted on the relationship between fatigue and medical performance. The multidimensional construct of team cohesion (i.e., including task and social subdimensions) was also examined to understand the potential moderating effect of team cohesion on the relationship between fatigue and error. Results: The empirical evidence on the relationship between fatigue and error is robust. Although the performance-cohesion relationship is strong, the distinctive subdimensions of team cohesion, including task and social, may differentially impact team performance. Conclusion: Whereas higher levels of social cohesion may contribute to groupthink and degradations in performance when fatigued, evidence suggests that task cohesion is an area for future investigation as a possible countermeasure against fatigue-induced errors.
{"title":"Fatigue in Aeromedicine: An Exploration of Team Cohesion as a Countermeasure against Adverse Events","authors":"J. Nosker, M. Lassen, A. Cornelius","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1931227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1931227","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Current evidence-based guidelines to mitigate fatigue and protect against adverse events in the emergency medical service industry are minimally effective. Since flight medicine is a team event, the performance-cohesion relationship is examined as a potential countermeasure against fatigue-related errors in aeromedicine. Background: Fatigue has been implicated in decision-making errors, suggesting that it impacts cognitive abilities and clinical performance. Although the impact of fatigue on medical performance in aeromedicine has yet to be examined, it is intuitive flight providers are also susceptible to fatigue-induced errors. Given the additional fatiguing effects of flight, research is needed to elucidate protective factors that can reduce the likelihood of fatigue-induced errors in flight medicine. Method: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted on the relationship between fatigue and medical performance. The multidimensional construct of team cohesion (i.e., including task and social subdimensions) was also examined to understand the potential moderating effect of team cohesion on the relationship between fatigue and error. Results: The empirical evidence on the relationship between fatigue and error is robust. Although the performance-cohesion relationship is strong, the distinctive subdimensions of team cohesion, including task and social, may differentially impact team performance. Conclusion: Whereas higher levels of social cohesion may contribute to groupthink and degradations in performance when fatigued, evidence suggests that task cohesion is an area for future investigation as a possible countermeasure against fatigue-induced errors.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"360 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1931227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42187756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1927733
C. Ihlebæk, Marianne Hojem Rustad
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate possible gender differences in psychosocial job strain (PSYJS) and single and multi-site musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in cabin crew. Background In recent years the proportion of male cabin crew has increased, still few studies have investigated gender differences in PSYJS and MSP in this occupational group. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire concerning work-related psychosocial demands, control, social support, and MSP was answered by 107 male and 329 female cabin crew members from the three major airline companies in Norway. Binary logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results There were no gender differences in PSYJS, but female cabin crew reported higher levels of social support from colleagues (p = .001) and nearest supervisor (p = .006). Multi-site MSP was reported by 70%. No gender differences in prevalence of single-site or multi-site MSP were found, except from a higher prevalence of pain in feet in female cabin crew (p = .020). Both a high strain (33%) and a passive (17%) work situation were associated with significantly higher risks of most single and multi-site MSP. Conclusion Even though few gender differences were found, both male and female cabin crew reported high prevalence of MSP and high PSYJS. Attention should be given to create a healthier psychosocial work environment for this occupational group, with a special emphasis on support at work for male cabin crew.
{"title":"Psychosocial Job Strain and Musculoskeletal Pain in Cabin Crew – Does Gender Matter?","authors":"C. Ihlebæk, Marianne Hojem Rustad","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1927733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1927733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective To investigate possible gender differences in psychosocial job strain (PSYJS) and single and multi-site musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in cabin crew. Background In recent years the proportion of male cabin crew has increased, still few studies have investigated gender differences in PSYJS and MSP in this occupational group. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire concerning work-related psychosocial demands, control, social support, and MSP was answered by 107 male and 329 female cabin crew members from the three major airline companies in Norway. Binary logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results There were no gender differences in PSYJS, but female cabin crew reported higher levels of social support from colleagues (p = .001) and nearest supervisor (p = .006). Multi-site MSP was reported by 70%. No gender differences in prevalence of single-site or multi-site MSP were found, except from a higher prevalence of pain in feet in female cabin crew (p = .020). Both a high strain (33%) and a passive (17%) work situation were associated with significantly higher risks of most single and multi-site MSP. Conclusion Even though few gender differences were found, both male and female cabin crew reported high prevalence of MSP and high PSYJS. Attention should be given to create a healthier psychosocial work environment for this occupational group, with a special emphasis on support at work for male cabin crew.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"54 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1927733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49389492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1926251
Man Fung Cheung, B. Molesworth
ABSTRACT Objective This study examines the effect of “tone of feedback” on student pilot flight performance. Background Corrective feedback is primarily given verbally in flight training to facilitate trainee pilot performance. Such feedback can be provided using different vocal tones (i.e., positive, neutral, negative). How the effectiveness of the feedback varies based on changes in vocal tone remains unknown. Methods Thirty-eight student pilots completed two simulated flights, both involving a right-hand circuit. Following the first flight, the student pilots listened to prerecorded verbal feedback in either a positive, neutral or negative tone about their flight performance, in terms of mean altitude during the downwind leg. Deviation from the target altitude during downwind in the second flight was examined. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were also measured to examine their mediating effect. Results The results revealed that student pilots who received a positive tone of feedback performed significantly worse than pilots who received neutral or negative tones of feedback. No mediating effects were found for self-efficacy or self-esteem. Conclusion These findings provide aviation authorities and training organizations insight into the effect of tone of feedback on trainee pilots’ performance. Understanding this effect has the potential to improve student pilot learning outcomes and performance.
{"title":"The Effect of Vocal Tone of Feedback on Student Pilot Performance","authors":"Man Fung Cheung, B. Molesworth","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1926251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1926251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study examines the effect of “tone of feedback” on student pilot flight performance. Background Corrective feedback is primarily given verbally in flight training to facilitate trainee pilot performance. Such feedback can be provided using different vocal tones (i.e., positive, neutral, negative). How the effectiveness of the feedback varies based on changes in vocal tone remains unknown. Methods Thirty-eight student pilots completed two simulated flights, both involving a right-hand circuit. Following the first flight, the student pilots listened to prerecorded verbal feedback in either a positive, neutral or negative tone about their flight performance, in terms of mean altitude during the downwind leg. Deviation from the target altitude during downwind in the second flight was examined. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were also measured to examine their mediating effect. Results The results revealed that student pilots who received a positive tone of feedback performed significantly worse than pilots who received neutral or negative tones of feedback. No mediating effects were found for self-efficacy or self-esteem. Conclusion These findings provide aviation authorities and training organizations insight into the effect of tone of feedback on trainee pilots’ performance. Understanding this effect has the potential to improve student pilot learning outcomes and performance.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"39 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1926251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1925119
F. Trapsilawati, C. Wickens, M. K. Herliansyah, Mifta Priani Fatika Sari, Gharsina Tissamodie
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to reveal the causal reasons for maneuver preferences on the basis of the objective measures. Background Although the effects of conflict geometry have been well documented in previous literature, empirical evidence on the influence of conflict geometry on the operator’s workload, maneuver choice, and success is still lacking. Methods hirteen undergraduate students with air traffic control (ATC) knowledge were requested to complete ATC tasks and resolve six different conflicts that were generated by manipulating two geometric features, namely, lateral (i.e., crossing, converging, and overtaking) and vertical (i.e., level and nonlevel) conflicts. Results Crossing (p < .01) and converging (p = .05) conflicts resulted in higher workload than overtaking conflicts because of the higher geometric dimensions involved. Workload (p < .01) and performance (p < .03) were worse during nonlevel conflicts than during level conflicts. Notably, vertical maneuver led to a higher workload than other maneuver choices despite the higher preference for this maneuver. These findings were associated with visualization load. Conclusion We failed to confirm that the resolution maneuver was chosen because of its good performance and low workload. Instead, predetermined rules (i.e., altitude, speed, and heading) were used, regardless of the workload, and the safety of the chosen maneuver for a particular conflict geometry was verified.
{"title":"Why do Controllers Choose the Conflict Resolution Maneuvers that They Do?","authors":"F. Trapsilawati, C. Wickens, M. K. Herliansyah, Mifta Priani Fatika Sari, Gharsina Tissamodie","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1925119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1925119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to reveal the causal reasons for maneuver preferences on the basis of the objective measures. Background Although the effects of conflict geometry have been well documented in previous literature, empirical evidence on the influence of conflict geometry on the operator’s workload, maneuver choice, and success is still lacking. Methods hirteen undergraduate students with air traffic control (ATC) knowledge were requested to complete ATC tasks and resolve six different conflicts that were generated by manipulating two geometric features, namely, lateral (i.e., crossing, converging, and overtaking) and vertical (i.e., level and nonlevel) conflicts. Results Crossing (p < .01) and converging (p = .05) conflicts resulted in higher workload than overtaking conflicts because of the higher geometric dimensions involved. Workload (p < .01) and performance (p < .03) were worse during nonlevel conflicts than during level conflicts. Notably, vertical maneuver led to a higher workload than other maneuver choices despite the higher preference for this maneuver. These findings were associated with visualization load. Conclusion We failed to confirm that the resolution maneuver was chosen because of its good performance and low workload. Instead, predetermined rules (i.e., altitude, speed, and heading) were used, regardless of the workload, and the safety of the chosen maneuver for a particular conflict geometry was verified.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":"24 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1925119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48301035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1080/24721840.2021.1896365
L. Vempati, S. Winter, S. Rice, V. Gawron, J. Robbins
ABSTRACT Background: Considerable research is underway on how to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) safely and securely into the National Airspace System (NAS). While there is some ongoing research on public acceptance, privacy concerns, and consumer willingness to fly in autonomous aircraft, little literature exists on pilots’ perceptions about operating to/from airports and in airspace with UAS integrated operations. Objective: The goal of this exploratory research study was to assess the effect of airspace classification, type of UAS integration, and type of UAS operation on pilots’ willingness to operate with UAS integrated operations. Method: Pilots’ attitudes about flying in UAS integrated airspace were collected using hypothetical scenarios in a factorial survey experiment and qualitative perspectives through open-ended and multiple-choice questions. Results: Results from the mixed analysis of variance indicated a significant two-way interaction between airspace classification and type of integration and a significant main effect for airspace. Differences were observed for all classes of airspace except Class B and Class C for segregated operations and Class D and Class E for integrated operations. Conclusion: The effect size for the two-way interaction was small, and overall airspace had a significant influence on willingness with the highest score for Class B operations and the lowest score for Class G operations. Results from the study are expected to support the development of better policies, procedures, and training methods.
{"title":"Pilots’ Willingness to Operate in Unmanned Aircraft System Integrated Airspace","authors":"L. Vempati, S. Winter, S. Rice, V. Gawron, J. Robbins","doi":"10.1080/24721840.2021.1896365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2021.1896365","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Considerable research is underway on how to integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) safely and securely into the National Airspace System (NAS). While there is some ongoing research on public acceptance, privacy concerns, and consumer willingness to fly in autonomous aircraft, little literature exists on pilots’ perceptions about operating to/from airports and in airspace with UAS integrated operations. Objective: The goal of this exploratory research study was to assess the effect of airspace classification, type of UAS integration, and type of UAS operation on pilots’ willingness to operate with UAS integrated operations. Method: Pilots’ attitudes about flying in UAS integrated airspace were collected using hypothetical scenarios in a factorial survey experiment and qualitative perspectives through open-ended and multiple-choice questions. Results: Results from the mixed analysis of variance indicated a significant two-way interaction between airspace classification and type of integration and a significant main effect for airspace. Differences were observed for all classes of airspace except Class B and Class C for segregated operations and Class D and Class E for integrated operations. Conclusion: The effect size for the two-way interaction was small, and overall airspace had a significant influence on willingness with the highest score for Class B operations and the lowest score for Class G operations. Results from the study are expected to support the development of better policies, procedures, and training methods.","PeriodicalId":41693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aerospace Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"343 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24721840.2021.1896365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：