the cognitive system. As such, it can be a driving force of neuroplastic changes in the brain of a person who speaks more than one language. The need to store and use two systems of representations corresponding to the two languages as well as to develop an efficient control system which allows to use the intendent, contextual-ly appropriate language, may result in both functional and structural changes. Neuroimaging studies show that the neural organization of language representations in a bilingual brain depends to a large degree on the type of representation. Conceptual representations seem to share common neural underpinnings between the different languages. Lexical representations, related to the vocabulary and words, are processed by the same brain regions regardless of the language, howev-er, they have been shown to be coded by distinct neuronal populations. Finally, neuroplastic reorganization of syntactic representations is highly dependent on fac-tors related to individual experiences of bilingualism, such as age of acquisition and proficiency in the second language. Neuroplastic changes in the bilingual brain have also been linked to the increased demands that using two languages imposes on the cognitive control mechanisms. Both structural and functional changes in the brain of bilinguals were observed withing a wide network referred to as language control network. Sum-ming up, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that bilingualism is related to neuroplastic changes in both structure and functioning of the brain. However, the newest reports suggest the extent and intensity of the neuroplastic changes are most likely dependent on individual experiences of each bilingual speaker.
{"title":"Bilingual brain: a review of the most important findings","authors":"A. Wolna, Z. Wodniecka","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.117089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.117089","url":null,"abstract":"the cognitive system. As such, it can be a driving force of neuroplastic changes in the brain of a person who speaks more than one language. The need to store and use two systems of representations corresponding to the two languages as well as to develop an efficient control system which allows to use the intendent, contextual-ly appropriate language, may result in both functional and structural changes. Neuroimaging studies show that the neural organization of language representations in a bilingual brain depends to a large degree on the type of representation. Conceptual representations seem to share common neural underpinnings between the different languages. Lexical representations, related to the vocabulary and words, are processed by the same brain regions regardless of the language, howev-er, they have been shown to be coded by distinct neuronal populations. Finally, neuroplastic reorganization of syntactic representations is highly dependent on fac-tors related to individual experiences of bilingualism, such as age of acquisition and proficiency in the second language. Neuroplastic changes in the bilingual brain have also been linked to the increased demands that using two languages imposes on the cognitive control mechanisms. Both structural and functional changes in the brain of bilinguals were observed withing a wide network referred to as language control network. Sum-ming up, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that bilingualism is related to neuroplastic changes in both structure and functioning of the brain. However, the newest reports suggest the extent and intensity of the neuroplastic changes are most likely dependent on individual experiences of each bilingual speaker.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality of life, severity of burden and sleep disturbances among caregivers of people with dementia","authors":"P. Golińska, Aleksandra Obuchowska","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.117955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.117955","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People with fear have more negative feelings and show a higher level of state anxiety. The more angry a person is, the fewer positive feelings they have and the less satisfaction they experience with their lives. It was also found that people who feel angry have more negative feelings and they show a higher level of state anxiety.
{"title":"Temperament and styles of coping in a stressful situation and psychological consequences resulting from emigration","authors":"Iwona Bujek-Kubas, E. Mojs","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.117956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.117956","url":null,"abstract":"People with fear have more negative feelings and show a higher level of state anxiety. The more angry a person is, the fewer positive feelings they have and the less satisfaction they experience with their lives. It was also found that people who feel angry have more negative feelings and they show a higher level of state anxiety.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases","authors":"A. Kaszyńska","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.124691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.124691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severity of biomedical variables associated with the course of multiple sclerosis and levels of mental resiliency","authors":"Joanna Dymecka, M. Bidzan, Rafał Gerymski","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.117954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.117954","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent findings in the pathogenesis and treatment of fear \u0000and anxiety","authors":"Agnieszka Chojak","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.124690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.124690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High PLC-C level in major depressive disorder \u0000and its relationship with disease severity: a different perspective on coagulation in major depressive disorder","authors":"Seda Yılmaz, Pınar Öner","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.124693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.124693","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorders","authors":"W. Nowak, M. Cymerys","doi":"10.5114/nan.2022.124700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.124700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0670.V1
M. Rahnama, M. Rahdar, M. Afshari
Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as an autoimmune disease and a chronic inflammatory condition, inducing a wide variety of mood affective disorders, including depression and feelings of hopelessness in many aspects of patients’ quality of life (QoL). In view of the positive side effects of spirituality and spiritual care on finding appropriate strategies for further adaptation, this study aimed to determine the impact of group spiritual care (GSC) on levels of hope in patients suffering from MS. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on a total number of 96 patients with MS, referring to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) in the city of Zahedan, Iran. Following sample selection via the convenience sampling technique, the patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups, i.e., intervention and control. The data collection tools for this purpose included a demographic information form and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS, Snyder et al. 1991), completed by the subjects at the pre- and post-intervention stages. As well, the intervention group received five sessions of GSC during three weeks but the control group members only talked over daily issues along with their mental health problems. The data were also analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 14). Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed that the GSC intervention could have a significant positive effect on raising hope in the patients with MS (p<0.001). Moreover, a significant growth was observed in the scores of hope dimensions including agency and pathway (p<0.001). Conclusion: GSC can effectively boost levels of hope in patients suffering from MS in all dimensions. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this type of care in order to nurture hope in such individuals.
{"title":"The Effect of Group Spiritual Care on Hope in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis referred to the MS Society of Zahedan, Iran","authors":"M. Rahnama, M. Rahdar, M. Afshari","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0670.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0670.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as an autoimmune disease and a chronic inflammatory condition, inducing a wide variety of mood affective disorders, including depression and feelings of hopelessness in many aspects of patients’ quality of life (QoL). In view of the positive side effects of spirituality and spiritual care on finding appropriate strategies for further adaptation, this study aimed to determine the impact of group spiritual care (GSC) on levels of hope in patients suffering from MS. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on a total number of 96 patients with MS, referring to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) in the city of Zahedan, Iran. Following sample selection via the convenience sampling technique, the patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups, i.e., intervention and control. The data collection tools for this purpose included a demographic information form and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS, Snyder et al. 1991), completed by the subjects at the pre- and post-intervention stages. As well, the intervention group received five sessions of GSC during three weeks but the control group members only talked over daily issues along with their mental health problems. The data were also analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 14). Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed that the GSC intervention could have a significant positive effect on raising hope in the patients with MS (p<0.001). Moreover, a significant growth was observed in the scores of hope dimensions including agency and pathway (p<0.001). Conclusion: GSC can effectively boost levels of hope in patients suffering from MS in all dimensions. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this type of care in order to nurture hope in such individuals.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47341881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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