Introduction: Psychotic features in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been poorly researched in the con-text of their relationship with the longitudinal course and demographic and clinical characteristics of the illness. Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study of BD patients, comprehensive demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Structured Clinical Instrument for DSM-IV-TR (SCID). Manic symptoms were assessed using Young’s Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), depressive symptoms by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and psychotic symptoms with the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). The relationships between these characteristics and psychotic symptoms were analysed. The independent samples t -test was used to assess continuous variables, while the χ 2 test was used to assess categorical data. Results: Psychotic features were associated with BD in 48.94% of patients ( n = 92 out of a total of 188 patients having BD). Of these, 45.74% ( n = 86) had mood-congruent psychotic features and 3.19% ( n = 6) had mood-incongruent psychotic features. All six patients who had mood-incongruent psychotic features had manic symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mood-congruent psychotic symptoms in BD are associated with a more severe, predominantly manic illness course. Mean age at onset was 27.76 (±8.54) years for patients with mood-congruent psychotic features and 28.00 (±11.08) years for patients with mood-incongruent psychotic features.
{"title":"Characteristics of mood-congruent and mood-incongruent psychotic features in bipolar disorder","authors":"P. Chaudhary, N. Parikh, Prateek Sharma","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.108035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.108035","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psychotic features in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been poorly researched in the con-text of their relationship with the longitudinal course and demographic and clinical characteristics of the illness. Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study of BD patients, comprehensive demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using the Structured Clinical Instrument for DSM-IV-TR (SCID). Manic symptoms were assessed using Young’s Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), depressive symptoms by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and psychotic symptoms with the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). The relationships between these characteristics and psychotic symptoms were analysed. The independent samples t -test was used to assess continuous variables, while the χ 2 test was used to assess categorical data. Results: Psychotic features were associated with BD in 48.94% of patients ( n = 92 out of a total of 188 patients having BD). Of these, 45.74% ( n = 86) had mood-congruent psychotic features and 3.19% ( n = 6) had mood-incongruent psychotic features. All six patients who had mood-incongruent psychotic features had manic symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mood-congruent psychotic symptoms in BD are associated with a more severe, predominantly manic illness course. Mean age at onset was 27.76 (±8.54) years for patients with mood-congruent psychotic features and 28.00 (±11.08) years for patients with mood-incongruent psychotic features.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Najmeh Keshavaraz, M. Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, M. Naderifar, Maryam Jahantigh
Introduction: These problems along with myocardial infarction (MI) lead to worse physical and mental con-ditions, poor quality of life, readmission, and premature death. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of telenursing on stress, anxiety, and depression in MI patients. Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 40 MI patients who were selected using simple random sampling and divided into intervention and control groups ( n = 20 per group). Routine training was given to both groups before discharge. Then a demographic information questionnaire and standard Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 Items (DASS-21), which had acceptable validity and reliability, were provided to each patient. The intervention group, in addition to routine training, received an average 10-min telephone follow-up intervention once a week for one month. Results: The mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before the intervention were 18.80 ±47.4, 13.60 ±3.7, and 8.60 ±2.89 in the control group, and 20.90 ±6.03, 12.00 ±5.06, and 9.70 ±3.06 in the intervention group respectively, which were statistically significant in both groups after the intervention ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that nurse-led telephone training and follow-up reduce stress, anxiety and depression in MI patients. It is recommended to take into account this method considering the lack of need for travelling, reduction of additional costs, and timely access to information, and training hygiene tips in health care centers.
{"title":"Effect of telenursing on stress, anxiety and depression \u0000in patients with myocardial infarction","authors":"Najmeh Keshavaraz, M. Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, M. Naderifar, Maryam Jahantigh","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.108036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.108036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: These problems along with myocardial infarction (MI) lead to worse physical and mental con-ditions, poor quality of life, readmission, and premature death. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of telenursing on stress, anxiety, and depression in MI patients. Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 40 MI patients who were selected using simple random sampling and divided into intervention and control groups ( n = 20 per group). Routine training was given to both groups before discharge. Then a demographic information questionnaire and standard Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 Items (DASS-21), which had acceptable validity and reliability, were provided to each patient. The intervention group, in addition to routine training, received an average 10-min telephone follow-up intervention once a week for one month. Results: The mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before the intervention were 18.80 ±47.4, 13.60 ±3.7, and 8.60 ±2.89 in the control group, and 20.90 ±6.03, 12.00 ±5.06, and 9.70 ±3.06 in the intervention group respectively, which were statistically significant in both groups after the intervention ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that nurse-led telephone training and follow-up reduce stress, anxiety and depression in MI patients. It is recommended to take into account this method considering the lack of need for travelling, reduction of additional costs, and timely access to information, and training hygiene tips in health care centers.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Nakhae, Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin, Gholamhossein Mahmoudirad, H. Shahdadi
Introduction: COVID-19 has drastic effects on both patients and their caregivers, so that they experience great problems. Hence, the present study was performed with the aim of explaining the home care experiences of patients with COVID-19. Material and methods: This qualitative study was performed with the conventional content analysis approach and 16 primary caregivers of patients with COVID-19 who had undergone the acute phase of the disease were selected by the purposive sampling method. This study was conducted from 1 July 2020 to 1 March 2021. Data collection was performed by unstructured interviews, and data analysis was performed based on five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: From data analysis, 383 initial codes were extracted, which were obtained by continuous comparison and integration of subcategories of 6 main categories, i.e. fear, sincere care, quarantine atmosphere, paradoxical cyberspace, risk taking and positive care achievements. Conclusions: Although home care was associated with problems and difficulties for caregivers, it ultimately brought caregivers a sense of inner satisfaction with this type of care and brought them positive results. Therefore, health professionals in such situations can provide the necessary training to reduce the difficulties of care and on the other hand, with proper planning, the ability of family members to care for patients and reduce the burden of care for medical staff.
导语:COVID-19对患者及其护理人员都有巨大的影响，使他们遇到了很大的问题。因此，本研究旨在解释COVID-19患者的家庭护理经历。材料与方法:本定性研究采用常规内容分析方法，采用目的抽样法选取16例已经历疾病急性期的COVID-19患者的主要照顾者。该研究于2020年7月1日至2021年3月1日进行。数据收集采用非结构化访谈法，数据分析采用Graneheim and Lundman五步法。结果:从数据分析中，通过对恐惧、真诚关怀、隔离氛围、矛盾网络空间、风险承担和积极关怀成果6个主要类别的子类别进行持续比较和整合，提取出383个初始代码。结论:虽然家庭照护会给照顾者带来问题和困难，但最终会给照顾者带来一种内心的满足感，并给他们带来积极的结果。因此，在这种情况下，保健专业人员可以提供必要的培训，以减少护理的困难，另一方面，通过适当的规划，家庭成员有能力照顾病人，减轻医务人员的护理负担。
{"title":"The experience of family caregivers in treatment of COVID-19 patients: a qualitative study","authors":"Maryam Nakhae, Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin, Gholamhossein Mahmoudirad, H. Shahdadi","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.113313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.113313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 has drastic effects on both patients and their caregivers, so that they experience great problems. Hence, the present study was performed with the aim of explaining the home care experiences of patients with COVID-19. Material and methods: This qualitative study was performed with the conventional content analysis approach and 16 primary caregivers of patients with COVID-19 who had undergone the acute phase of the disease were selected by the purposive sampling method. This study was conducted from 1 July 2020 to 1 March 2021. Data collection was performed by unstructured interviews, and data analysis was performed based on five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. Results: From data analysis, 383 initial codes were extracted, which were obtained by continuous comparison and integration of subcategories of 6 main categories, i.e. fear, sincere care, quarantine atmosphere, paradoxical cyberspace, risk taking and positive care achievements. Conclusions: Although home care was associated with problems and difficulties for caregivers, it ultimately brought caregivers a sense of inner satisfaction with this type of care and brought them positive results. Therefore, health professionals in such situations can provide the necessary training to reduce the difficulties of care and on the other hand, with proper planning, the ability of family members to care for patients and reduce the burden of care for medical staff.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Żurek, G. Zurek, Anna Serweta, Ł. Trembecki, Kamila Majchrzak, A. Maciejczyk
{"title":"Mental activation training in cognitive functioning of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy – pilot study","authors":"A. Żurek, G. Zurek, Anna Serweta, Ł. Trembecki, Kamila Majchrzak, A. Maciejczyk","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.108032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.108032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maciej Giermakowski, K. Jankowiak-Siuda, A. Duszyk-Bogorodzka
{"title":"Psychophysiological basis of lucid dreaming","authors":"Maciej Giermakowski, K. Jankowiak-Siuda, A. Duszyk-Bogorodzka","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.113320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.113320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaheh Asadi-Bidmeshki, J. Mohtashami, M. Hosseini, Seyyed Mehdi Saberi, F. Nolan
Introduction: Domestic violence is associated with many negative and potentially long-lasting consequences to women’s mental, physical, and sexual health. This study aimed to identify strategies which had been used by women who had been victims of domestic violence. Material and methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews from 1 February 2019 to 1 August 2019 in Tehran. Participants were female victims of domestic violence and their health care providers recruited from Forensic Medicine centers, clinics, hospitals and Welfare Organizations of Tehran. Results: From these twenty-six interviews we extracted five main themes: emotional introjection, pragmatic actions against violence, sheltering under the supportive umbrella, seeking refuge to avoid violence and remaining in the violent environment. Conclusions: The experiences of our sample of women and of professionals involved in their care indicated that domestic violence was tolerated by some for financial, cultural and social reasons, and this had severe psychological impacts on the victims. Others from our sample were enabled to act to change their abusive situations but with support from their family or from wider society. The information obtained can potentially be used to inform the design of services and interventions for women who are victims of domestic violence.
{"title":"Experience and coping strategies of women victims \u0000of domestic violence and their professional caregivers: a qualitative study","authors":"Elaheh Asadi-Bidmeshki, J. Mohtashami, M. Hosseini, Seyyed Mehdi Saberi, F. Nolan","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.105624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.105624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Domestic violence is associated with many negative and potentially long-lasting consequences to women’s mental, physical, and sexual health. This study aimed to identify strategies which had been used by women who had been victims of domestic violence. Material and methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews from 1 February 2019 to 1 August 2019 in Tehran. Participants were female victims of domestic violence and their health care providers recruited from Forensic Medicine centers, clinics, hospitals and Welfare Organizations of Tehran. Results: From these twenty-six interviews we extracted five main themes: emotional introjection, pragmatic actions against violence, sheltering under the supportive umbrella, seeking refuge to avoid violence and remaining in the violent environment. Conclusions: The experiences of our sample of women and of professionals involved in their care indicated that domestic violence was tolerated by some for financial, cultural and social reasons, and this had severe psychological impacts on the victims. Others from our sample were enabled to act to change their abusive situations but with support from their family or from wider society. The information obtained can potentially be used to inform the design of services and interventions for women who are victims of domestic violence.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hashemi, Salehoddin Bouya, M. Hormozi, N. Moulaei, A. Bakhshipour
Introduction: Death anxiety is a major psychological complication among patients with chronic disease patients. The aim of the present study was to compare death anxiety between cancer, hemodialysis, and asthma patients and healthy individuals. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 543 subjects (88 cancer patients, 103 asthma patients, 188 hemodialysis patients, 164 healthy individuals) referred to educational hospitals in southeastern Iran in the period from August 1, 2019 to May 1, 2020. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Data analyzed using SPSS with the χ 2 test. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the participants were female and had a diploma. Death anxiety results showed that most participants in the groups of cancer patients ( n = 53, 60.2%), hemodialysis patients ( n = 113, 60.1%), and asthma patients ( n = 51, 49.5%) had high anxiety. The prevalence of death anxiety among cancer patients was 73.8%. There was no significant difference between the two groups of cancer patients and healthy individuals in terms of death anxiety scores ( p = 0.3); however, the prevalence of death anxiety was higher among cancer patients. There was also no significant relationship of death anxiety with sex or education level of participants. Conclusions: The high prevalence of death anxiety among cancer patients indicates the importance of paying attention to the psychological dimension of patients along with the physical dimension and designing appropriate training programs to improve the psychological dimensions of patients.
{"title":"Comparison of death anxiety among cancer, hemodialysis,\u0000and asthma patients and healthy individuals: a cross-sectional\u0000study","authors":"S. Hashemi, Salehoddin Bouya, M. Hormozi, N. Moulaei, A. Bakhshipour","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.107569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.107569","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Death anxiety is a major psychological complication among patients with chronic disease patients. The aim of the present study was to compare death anxiety between cancer, hemodialysis, and asthma patients and healthy individuals. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 543 subjects (88 cancer patients, 103 asthma patients, 188 hemodialysis patients, 164 healthy individuals) referred to educational hospitals in southeastern Iran in the period from August 1, 2019 to May 1, 2020. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Data analyzed using SPSS with the χ 2 test. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the participants were female and had a diploma. Death anxiety results showed that most participants in the groups of cancer patients ( n = 53, 60.2%), hemodialysis patients ( n = 113, 60.1%), and asthma patients ( n = 51, 49.5%) had high anxiety. The prevalence of death anxiety among cancer patients was 73.8%. There was no significant difference between the two groups of cancer patients and healthy individuals in terms of death anxiety scores ( p = 0.3); however, the prevalence of death anxiety was higher among cancer patients. There was also no significant relationship of death anxiety with sex or education level of participants. Conclusions: The high prevalence of death anxiety among cancer patients indicates the importance of paying attention to the psychological dimension of patients along with the physical dimension and designing appropriate training programs to improve the psychological dimensions of patients.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes a case of a 69-year-old patient with Parkinson’s disease, who underwent deep brain stimulation treatment and developed side effects in the form of delirium after pulse generator implantation and a psychotic disorder with delusions due to the known physiological condition after pulse generator initiation. The patient suffered an episode of psychosis with visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions that directly endangered his life. After stimulation was discontin-ued and antipsychotic drugs were administered on a psychiatric ward positive symptoms abated. After the mental state stabilized, motor symptoms such as upper limb tremor and gait difficulties worsened. The patient was referred for further neurological treatment.
{"title":"Multiform psychotic disorders in a patient with Parkinson’s disease undergoing deep brain stimulation – case report","authors":"Piotr W. Trzeciak, J. Jaracz","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.108037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.108037","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a case of a 69-year-old patient with Parkinson’s disease, who underwent deep brain stimulation treatment and developed side effects in the form of delirium after pulse generator implantation and a psychotic disorder with delusions due to the known physiological condition after pulse generator initiation. The patient suffered an episode of psychosis with visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions that directly endangered his life. After stimulation was discontin-ued and antipsychotic drugs were administered on a psychiatric ward positive symptoms abated. After the mental state stabilized, motor symptoms such as upper limb tremor and gait difficulties worsened. The patient was referred for further neurological treatment.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction We aimed to evaluate use of social media during the coronavirus pandemic as a source of information about COVID-19 by students. Material and methods This was a web-based study, in which the frequency and type of virtual social media used by students as a source of information about COVID-19 were evaluated by the available sampling method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 500 students of medical universities in Iran. In the first step, administrators of student groups across the country were identified and contacted and asked to assist the research team by placing a link to complete the questionnaire, after which students voluntarily completed the online questionnaire in a self-reporting manner. Results The mean age of participants was 31.29 ±10.8 years. The selection percentages based on the number of selections were: WhatsApp (35.2), Instagram (32.7), Telegram (21.2), Facebook (8.3) and other networks (2.6). Regarding the relationship between the educational level (p < 0.001) and the field of study (p < 0.01), a statistically significant difference was found for the question of which media information is more acceptable in relation to obtaining information related to COVID-19. Conclusions It was found that social media will enable these media to act as a powerful tool to change the behavior of people and promote the well-being of individuals and public health. Social media is very important in combating this contagious disease, not only to obtain information and update on it, but also to understand how it spreads, how people function and how to respond to it.
{"title":"Pattern of using social networks to obtain information related to COVID-19 in Iranian students","authors":"P. Afshari, M. Beheshtinasab, M. Cheraghi","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.108029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.108029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction We aimed to evaluate use of social media during the coronavirus pandemic as a source of information about COVID-19 by students. Material and methods This was a web-based study, in which the frequency and type of virtual social media used by students as a source of information about COVID-19 were evaluated by the available sampling method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 500 students of medical universities in Iran. In the first step, administrators of student groups across the country were identified and contacted and asked to assist the research team by placing a link to complete the questionnaire, after which students voluntarily completed the online questionnaire in a self-reporting manner. Results The mean age of participants was 31.29 ±10.8 years. The selection percentages based on the number of selections were: WhatsApp (35.2), Instagram (32.7), Telegram (21.2), Facebook (8.3) and other networks (2.6). Regarding the relationship between the educational level (p < 0.001) and the field of study (p < 0.01), a statistically significant difference was found for the question of which media information is more acceptable in relation to obtaining information related to COVID-19. Conclusions It was found that social media will enable these media to act as a powerful tool to change the behavior of people and promote the well-being of individuals and public health. Social media is very important in combating this contagious disease, not only to obtain information and update on it, but also to understand how it spreads, how people function and how to respond to it.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As of January 29, 2021, in the general population, the total number of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which we call "convalescents", was 73,961,553. In how many patients in this group will we be able to observe long-term symptoms from the cognitive sphere? This is a question that we do not know the answer to to-day. However, more and more scientific reports indicate that cognitive deficits are a frequent and serious symptom in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as in those who have had the disease in the past. Common symptoms include: weakening of short-term memory efficiency, weakening of the attention function and the executive functions (e.g. difficulties with inhibiting reactions, planning and problem solving). The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge on the possible cognitive functioning in the acute phase of infection and in the recovery period, as well as to draw attention to the need to consider possible neurocognitive symptoms of the past infection in the diagnosis process.
{"title":"Cognitive functions and SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"M. Talarowska","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.113309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.113309","url":null,"abstract":"As of January 29, 2021, in the general population, the total number of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which we call \"convalescents\", was 73,961,553. In how many patients in this group will we be able to observe long-term symptoms from the cognitive sphere? This is a question that we do not know the answer to to-day. However, more and more scientific reports indicate that cognitive deficits are a frequent and serious symptom in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as in those who have had the disease in the past. Common symptoms include: weakening of short-term memory efficiency, weakening of the attention function and the executive functions (e.g. difficulties with inhibiting reactions, planning and problem solving). The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge on the possible cognitive functioning in the acute phase of infection and in the recovery period, as well as to draw attention to the need to consider possible neurocognitive symptoms of the past infection in the diagnosis process.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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