The relationship of early maladaptive schemas with various manifestations of mental disorders is confirmed in recent empirical research. Young’s theory belongs to the socalled third wave of cognitive behavioral thera py. Its techniques are used primarily in the treatment of personality disorders. Over the last 20 years, bor derline personality disorder (BPD) has been diagnosed more and more frequently, and by many researchers and clinicians it is called the personality disorder of our time. Due to the fact that the awareness of BPD symp toms in common perception is increasing, and patients with this diagnosis more and more often seek specialist advice, it seems important to look for new, available, but also effective ways of helping this group of people. Therapeutic techniques derived from the aforemen tioned theory of early maladaptive Young’s schemas are gaining more and more popularity. The aim of the study is therefore to present the understanding of symptoms of borderline personality disorder from the perspective of schema theory.
{"title":"Early maladaptive schemas in borderline personality disorder","authors":"M. Talarowska, Renata Kobza","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.107633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.107633","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship of early maladaptive schemas with various manifestations of mental disorders is confirmed in recent empirical research. Young’s theory belongs to the socalled third wave of cognitive behavioral thera py. Its techniques are used primarily in the treatment of personality disorders. Over the last 20 years, bor derline personality disorder (BPD) has been diagnosed more and more frequently, and by many researchers and clinicians it is called the personality disorder of our time. Due to the fact that the awareness of BPD symp toms in common perception is increasing, and patients with this diagnosis more and more often seek specialist advice, it seems important to look for new, available, but also effective ways of helping this group of people. Therapeutic techniques derived from the aforemen tioned theory of early maladaptive Young’s schemas are gaining more and more popularity. The aim of the study is therefore to present the understanding of symptoms of borderline personality disorder from the perspective of schema theory.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health, both physical and mental. Over 80 million people worldwide have already been infected, including almost 2 million deaths. Even if most people do not get infected they are at risk of suffering from the psychological consequences of the epidemic. The occurrence of serious infectious diseases contributes to the increase of fear and anxiety in society, which was also confirmed in previous epidemics of SARS, MERS and the H1N1 flu. With the increasing number of cases, the high number of deaths, and the inefficiency of health systems around the world, people feel fear of infection, death and complications. In addition to health problems, the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought changes in many areas of social life: closure of schools and workplaces, economic problems, as well as isolation from loved ones and limitation of social contacts. The stress of being in quarantine and long-term isolation occurred. All of this increased the symptoms of stress, which has been shown in many studies conducted around the world. Studies show differences in the response to the epidemic depending on gender, age and occupation. Research has also shown that people’s emotions and behavior during a pandemic can affect its course. Therefore, in addition to fighting the medical aspect of COVID-19, it is also worth spending time and resources on analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological functioning of individuals and helping people who experience the worst psychological consequences of the epidemic.
{"title":"Psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Joanna Dymecka","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.108030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.108030","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health, both physical and mental. Over 80 million people worldwide have already been infected, including almost 2 million deaths. Even if most people do not get infected they are at risk of suffering from the psychological consequences of the epidemic. The occurrence of serious infectious diseases contributes to the increase of fear and anxiety in society, which was also confirmed in previous epidemics of SARS, MERS and the H1N1 flu. With the increasing number of cases, the high number of deaths, and the inefficiency of health systems around the world, people feel fear of infection, death and complications. In addition to health problems, the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought changes in many areas of social life: closure of schools and workplaces, economic problems, as well as isolation from loved ones and limitation of social contacts. The stress of being in quarantine and long-term isolation occurred. All of this increased the symptoms of stress, which has been shown in many studies conducted around the world. Studies show differences in the response to the epidemic depending on gender, age and occupation. Research has also shown that people’s emotions and behavior during a pandemic can affect its course. Therefore, in addition to fighting the medical aspect of COVID-19, it is also worth spending time and resources on analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological functioning of individuals and helping people who experience the worst psychological consequences of the epidemic.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"08 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Mini-Mental State Examination to screen for cognitive functioning failures in older people: limitations of the so called Mungas correction in assessing deficits","authors":"Beata Anna Kaczmarek","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.113319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.113319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recenzja książki Iwony Koszewskiej O depresji dziś (z serii Choroby mózgu)","authors":"Dorota Łojko","doi":"10.5114/NAN.2021.108038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/NAN.2021.108038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dental anxiety in patients referring to dental clinics differs between women and men in Ahvaz city, Iran","authors":"Elaheh Mali, Fatemeh Babadi, M. Cheraghi","doi":"10.5114/nan.2021.113316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2021.113316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70465349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-60538/v1
S. Bashirian, M. Bijani, S. Borzou, K. Oshvandi, S. Khazaei, F. Mohammadi
Background: Caring of patients with corona virus infection disease may have had an impact on the occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting of the nurses. Purpose: Evaluation occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting stress in nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology statement. A total of 630 nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients in 5 hospitals were selected via convenience sampling. Participants completed the scales online. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22.Results: A total of 420 nurses completed and returned the questionnaires. Occupational burnout has a negative correlation with resilience and a positive correlation with parenting stress and can predict 61.32% of changes in the occupational burnout variance of nurses. Conclusion: Resilience, parenting stress, marital status, number of children, employment status, and gender predicated high percentage of the nurses’ occupational burnout variance. The nurse managers should use these findings to provide appropriate environments for nurses, to develop more comprehensive plans in support of nurses for the current and future crises.
{"title":"Resilience, Occupational Burnout, and Parenting Stress in Nurses Caring for COVID-2019 Patients","authors":"S. Bashirian, M. Bijani, S. Borzou, K. Oshvandi, S. Khazaei, F. Mohammadi","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-60538/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-60538/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Caring of patients with corona virus infection disease may have had an impact on the occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting of the nurses. Purpose: Evaluation occupational burnout, resilience, and parenting stress in nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology statement. A total of 630 nurses caring for COVID 2019 patients in 5 hospitals were selected via convenience sampling. Participants completed the scales online. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22.Results: A total of 420 nurses completed and returned the questionnaires. Occupational burnout has a negative correlation with resilience and a positive correlation with parenting stress and can predict 61.32% of changes in the occupational burnout variance of nurses. Conclusion: Resilience, parenting stress, marital status, number of children, employment status, and gender predicated high percentage of the nurses’ occupational burnout variance. The nurse managers should use these findings to provide appropriate environments for nurses, to develop more comprehensive plans in support of nurses for the current and future crises.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45921569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating disorders, leading to long-term and progressive disability in numerous individuals. Disability reflects an interaction between features of a person’s body and of the society. In all treatments, family psycho-education is also very important as disability of schizophrenia leads to burden upon family members. Caregiver burden can be either objective or subjective. Objective burdens are behavioural phenomena: disruption of the social activities and financial difficulties. Subjective burdens comprise emotional strain on caregivers. Due to the chronic nature of the disease and the disability, patients with schizophrenia as a group need most care in social and economic areas. Aim of the study: To assess the level of burden in caregivers of stable schizophrenia patients and their relation with degree of disability in schizophrenia patients. It was a cross-sectional and observation study. Material and methods: The study was carried out with 154 stable patients of International Classification of Di-seases diagnosed schizophrenia and their primary caregivers. The patients were evaluated on the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) was used for their primary caregiver. Results: Two thirds of schizophrenia patients who were stable on medication for at least 6 months and diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least 2 years had mild (70.12%) and the rest had moderate disability (29.87%). Greater burden of care was experienced with increasing age. Conclusions: Caregivers’ burden has a direct correlation with overall disability. Deficiency in interaction, communication and employment leads to more burden of care, but not a deficiency in self-care.
{"title":"A study of disability profile and burden in caregivers of stable schizophrenia patients","authors":"N. Modi, R. Mehta, P. Chaudhary, K. Dave","doi":"10.5114/nan.2020.101293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2020.101293","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating disorders, leading to long-term and progressive disability in numerous individuals. Disability reflects an interaction between features of a person’s body and of the society. In all treatments, family psycho-education is also very important as disability of schizophrenia leads to burden upon family members. Caregiver burden can be either objective or subjective. Objective burdens are behavioural phenomena: disruption of the social activities and financial difficulties. Subjective burdens comprise emotional strain on caregivers. Due to the chronic nature of the disease and the disability, patients with schizophrenia as a group need most care in social and economic areas. Aim of the study: To assess the level of burden in caregivers of stable schizophrenia patients and their relation with degree of disability in schizophrenia patients. It was a cross-sectional and observation study. Material and methods: The study was carried out with 154 stable patients of International Classification of Di-seases diagnosed schizophrenia and their primary caregivers. The patients were evaluated on the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) was used for their primary caregiver. Results: Two thirds of schizophrenia patients who were stable on medication for at least 6 months and diagnosed with schizophrenia for at least 2 years had mild (70.12%) and the rest had moderate disability (29.87%). Greater burden of care was experienced with increasing age. Conclusions: Caregivers’ burden has a direct correlation with overall disability. Deficiency in interaction, communication and employment leads to more burden of care, but not a deficiency in self-care.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dementia has become a major public health concern due to population aging. Recent failures in clinical drug trials highlight the importance of evaluating and treating patients with dementia as early as possible. Weight loss is common in people with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, and it is correlated with increased mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that late-life weight loss can precede the cognitive decline and begins years before the diagnosis of dementia. Concomitantly late-life elevated body mass index (BMI) confers a lower risk of having dementia. Several factors directly related to neurodegeneration could lead to weight loss in dementia, including cognitive and psychiatric problems, altered olfaction and gustation, and pathology of important structures in the brain, particularly the hypothalamus. The hormone leptin may partially explain the mecha-nism of how weight loss can precede the cognitive decline. There are differences in the association between midlife BMI and dementia compared to late-life BMI and dementia. Being overweight or obese in mid-life is a risk factor for dementia. Previous studies were mainly based on BMI as a meas-urement of weight loss, which does not allow one to determine the direction of the association between weight loss and the dementing process. Body compo-sition analysis should be included in further research.
{"title":"Body weight and cognitive impairment","authors":"M. Bidzan, L. Bidzan","doi":"10.5114/nan.2020.97401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2020.97401","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia has become a major public health concern due to population aging. Recent failures in clinical drug trials highlight the importance of evaluating and treating patients with dementia as early as possible. Weight loss is common in people with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, and it is correlated with increased mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that late-life weight loss can precede the cognitive decline and begins years before the diagnosis of dementia. Concomitantly late-life elevated body mass index (BMI) confers a lower risk of having dementia. Several factors directly related to neurodegeneration could lead to weight loss in dementia, including cognitive and psychiatric problems, altered olfaction and gustation, and pathology of important structures in the brain, particularly the hypothalamus. The hormone leptin may partially explain the mecha-nism of how weight loss can precede the cognitive decline. There are differences in the association between midlife BMI and dementia compared to late-life BMI and dementia. Being overweight or obese in mid-life is a risk factor for dementia. Previous studies were mainly based on BMI as a meas-urement of weight loss, which does not allow one to determine the direction of the association between weight loss and the dementing process. Body compo-sition analysis should be included in further research.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/nan.2020.97401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Suchowiak, K. Wszolek, J. Suwalska, D. Łojko, A. Suwalska
help. Health providers’ barriers include the lack of time, a belief that patients do not want to be treated for depression, the fear of legal consequences and the lack of training in screening. Regular training programmes might improve the situation. Mental health stigma has also been reported to be widespread among healthcare pro-fessionals. A higher priority given to mental health in the undergraduate curriculum and during professional training can contribute to reducing stigma in health care.
{"title":"Screening for perinatal depression: a review of tools and barriers","authors":"Sara Suchowiak, K. Wszolek, J. Suwalska, D. Łojko, A. Suwalska","doi":"10.5114/nan.2020.97402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2020.97402","url":null,"abstract":"help. Health providers’ barriers include the lack of time, a belief that patients do not want to be treated for depression, the fear of legal consequences and the lack of training in screening. Regular training programmes might improve the situation. Mental health stigma has also been reported to be widespread among healthcare pro-fessionals. A higher priority given to mental health in the undergraduate curriculum and during professional training can contribute to reducing stigma in health care.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/nan.2020.97402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhiraj D Kandre, Ankita V. Patel, Prakash I. Mehta
Introduction: Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a prevalence of 4.4% worldwide. Adults with ADHD are more prone to risk taking behaviours, behavioural addictions and substance abuse. Studies have shown that adults with ADHD are more likely to develop internet addiction (IA). Aim of the study: To determine scoring of medical students on an adult ADHD scale and internet addiction scale and to compare it. To compare the scoring in context to demographic characteristics and substance use. Material and methods: Medical students from two medical colleges from Gujarat participated in the study. Students filled in a semi-structured proforma which included sociodemographic details and details regarding internet use. Students completed self-report scales such as the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS) and Young Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Results: Out of 427 subjects, 233 (54.6%) were male and 194 (45.4%) were female. On IAS, 359 (84.15%) were found to be average online users (no addiction), 64 (15%) had frequent problems with internet use (pos-sibly addicted) and only 4 (0.9%) students had excessive internet use (severely addicted). In screening for adult ADHD, 84 (19.7%) were found to be positive. Adult ADHD was found to be significantly associated with IA and substance use. Discussion: Deficiency in inhibitory control, reward deficiency syndrome and cognitive and motivational dysfunction have been observed in ADHD, which makes subjects with ADHD at risk of developing IA and substance use. Conclusions: Being positive on the Adult ADHD Scale was found to be significantly associated with IA and substance use.
{"title":"Analytical study of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and internet addiction among medical students","authors":"Dhiraj D Kandre, Ankita V. Patel, Prakash I. Mehta","doi":"10.5114/nan.2020.97398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2020.97398","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a prevalence of 4.4% worldwide. Adults with ADHD are more prone to risk taking behaviours, behavioural addictions and substance abuse. Studies have shown that adults with ADHD are more likely to develop internet addiction (IA). Aim of the study: To determine scoring of medical students on an adult ADHD scale and internet addiction scale and to compare it. To compare the scoring in context to demographic characteristics and substance use. Material and methods: Medical students from two medical colleges from Gujarat participated in the study. Students filled in a semi-structured proforma which included sociodemographic details and details regarding internet use. Students completed self-report scales such as the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS) and Young Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Results: Out of 427 subjects, 233 (54.6%) were male and 194 (45.4%) were female. On IAS, 359 (84.15%) were found to be average online users (no addiction), 64 (15%) had frequent problems with internet use (pos-sibly addicted) and only 4 (0.9%) students had excessive internet use (severely addicted). In screening for adult ADHD, 84 (19.7%) were found to be positive. Adult ADHD was found to be significantly associated with IA and substance use. Discussion: Deficiency in inhibitory control, reward deficiency syndrome and cognitive and motivational dysfunction have been observed in ADHD, which makes subjects with ADHD at risk of developing IA and substance use. Conclusions: Being positive on the Adult ADHD Scale was found to be significantly associated with IA and substance use.","PeriodicalId":41766,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5114/nan.2020.97398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70464565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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