Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-177-192
Andrew V. Mertsalov
The article defends the thesis that in the context of moral responsibility (MR) as it is understood in modern Strawsonian theories of MR, psychological approach has significant advantages in comparison with competing approaches to personal identity problem: biological approach, substantialism and narrative view. In the Strawsonian theories, two generally accepted necessary conditions of the appropriateness of holding someone responsible are the conditions of moral agency and agency of action. The article shows that for these conditions to be satisfied a person who is to be hold morally responsible now for some past action should stay not only numerically, but also qualitatively identical in respect to his quality of will and moral capacities. That raises the problem of personal identity over time in the context of MR. It is shown that psychological approach helps to clarify the kind of personal identity that is required for the conditions of moral agency and agency of action to be satisfied, it is compatible with all the Strawsonian theories of MR and copes with much of moral collisions that are usually presented as its problematic consequences. It is also shown that the competing approaches to personal identity are either cannot clarify the relevant for MR kind of personal identity, or incompatible with most of the Strawsonian theories of MR and leads to moral collisions. That gives strong reasons to prefer the psychological approach to personal identity in the context of MR.
{"title":"Advantages of a psychological approach to personal identity with respect to moral responsibility question","authors":"Andrew V. Mertsalov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-177-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-177-192","url":null,"abstract":"The article defends the thesis that in the context of moral responsibility (MR) as it is understood in modern Strawsonian theories of MR, psychological approach has significant advantages in comparison with competing approaches to personal identity problem: biological approach, substantialism and narrative view. In the Strawsonian theories, two generally accepted necessary conditions of the appropriateness of holding someone responsible are the conditions of moral agency and agency of action. The article shows that for these conditions to be satisfied a person who is to be hold morally responsible now for some past action should stay not only numerically, but also qualitatively identical in respect to his quality of will and moral capacities. That raises the problem of personal identity over time in the context of MR. It is shown that psychological approach helps to clarify the kind of personal identity that is required for the conditions of moral agency and agency of action to be satisfied, it is compatible with all the Strawsonian theories of MR and copes with much of moral collisions that are usually presented as its problematic consequences. It is also shown that the competing approaches to personal identity are either cannot clarify the relevant for MR kind of personal identity, or incompatible with most of the Strawsonian theories of MR and leads to moral collisions. That gives strong reasons to prefer the psychological approach to personal identity in the context of MR.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67625993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23977/phij.2023.020105
Lin Fang
: Slavoj Zizek's Lacanian adaptation of the Hegelian dialectics has attracted much attention in Western scholarship, and this unique dialectic is used as a fundamental research method throughout the entirety of Zizek's theoretical system. Taking the antagonistic relationship between the supersensible and appearance as a starting point, this paper transforms the epistemological opposition between the two into an ontological split, thus transforming the relationship between the two into a relationship between void and fantasy, and finally arriving at the double meanings of the proposition "the supersensible is appearance qua appearance". Accordingly, this paper proposes the quaternary structure of Zizek's dialectics, which provides a basic interpretive framework for understanding Zizek's postmodern theory.
{"title":"\"The Supersensible is Appearance Qua Appearance\"—the Basic Structure of Zizek's Dialectics","authors":"Lin Fang","doi":"10.23977/phij.2023.020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23977/phij.2023.020105","url":null,"abstract":": Slavoj Zizek's Lacanian adaptation of the Hegelian dialectics has attracted much attention in Western scholarship, and this unique dialectic is used as a fundamental research method throughout the entirety of Zizek's theoretical system. Taking the antagonistic relationship between the supersensible and appearance as a starting point, this paper transforms the epistemological opposition between the two into an ontological split, thus transforming the relationship between the two into a relationship between void and fantasy, and finally arriving at the double meanings of the proposition \"the supersensible is appearance qua appearance\". Accordingly, this paper proposes the quaternary structure of Zizek's dialectics, which provides a basic interpretive framework for understanding Zizek's postmodern theory.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68788642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23977/phij.2023.020110
Shiping Huang, Weiwei Fu, Deng Yong, Maozhu Yu, Wang Yu
: Marxist philosophy is the sum of the view of practice, philosophy and human nature, and learning Marxist philosophy can enable people to establish dialectical thinking and philosophical world view. Marxist philosophy plays a crucial role in using philosophical thinking to understand the relationship between man and the world, man and society, and man and man. Establishing a correct world outlook, consciously deepening philosophical cultivation, broadening theoretical space, and cultivating keen judgment and theoretical generalization are conducive to examining, guiding and regulating life with philosophical thinking. A deep understanding of philosophical thinking helps to grasp the objective law of the development of things, improve the state of life, and explore the truth of life. Consciously cultivating philosophical thinking and mastering the basic system of philosophy in life practice can continuously promote the integration of philosophy and reality, interwoven and collision between theoretical thinking and life practice, and provide spiritual nourishment for people's growth.
{"title":"The Significance of Studying Marxist Philosophy","authors":"Shiping Huang, Weiwei Fu, Deng Yong, Maozhu Yu, Wang Yu","doi":"10.23977/phij.2023.020110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23977/phij.2023.020110","url":null,"abstract":": Marxist philosophy is the sum of the view of practice, philosophy and human nature, and learning Marxist philosophy can enable people to establish dialectical thinking and philosophical world view. Marxist philosophy plays a crucial role in using philosophical thinking to understand the relationship between man and the world, man and society, and man and man. Establishing a correct world outlook, consciously deepening philosophical cultivation, broadening theoretical space, and cultivating keen judgment and theoretical generalization are conducive to examining, guiding and regulating life with philosophical thinking. A deep understanding of philosophical thinking helps to grasp the objective law of the development of things, improve the state of life, and explore the truth of life. Consciously cultivating philosophical thinking and mastering the basic system of philosophy in life practice can continuously promote the integration of philosophy and reality, interwoven and collision between theoretical thinking and life practice, and provide spiritual nourishment for people's growth.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68788725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-115-126
Ksenia V. Vorozhikhina
The focus of the study is the problem of “entry” or “penetration” of pre-revolutionary philosophy into Soviet philosophy. On the example of the oeuvre of E.K. Gertsyk, the author of “Memoirs” on the philosophers and writers of the religious and philosophical revival at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the translator of the works of F. Nietzsche, J. Huysmans, F. von Baader and others, the thinker who created her own version of the philosophy of life, it is shown how a representative of the culture of the Silver Age managed to reconcile with the Soviet reality. The article traces Gertsyk’s creative evolution from the philosophy of the phenomenon, presented in her dissertation essay on the problem of the real world in the Kant’s philosophy (1904), to the philosophy of life; her interpretation of Kant’s epistemology is considered; the concept of a path (a key one in Gertsyk’s work) was analyzed on the basis of works written in the early Soviet years (the hagiographic treatise “On the Ways” (1917–1918), the essay “Edgar Poe” (1918–1927)); the influences of decisive importance for Gertsyk’s philosophical searches are considered (I. Kant, F. Nietzsche, L. Shestov, N. Berdyaev, V. Ivanov, A. Bergson and etc). The article focuses on the transitional stage of Gertsyk’s oeuvre, when there was an increase in religiosity and apocalyptic moods in her mindset, which in the 1930s was replaced by a departure from Christianity as a stronghold of the old culture and old values, justification and apologia for the new social reality, demonstrated by Gertsyk in the well-known letters “from there”, i.e. from the Soviet Russia, published on the pages of the Parisian journal “Sovremennye zapiski” and caused a mixed reaction in the emigrant community. The article shows what ideological attitudes allowed the participant of the decadent meetings and the interlocutor of Russian religious philosophers to accept the Soviet reality.
研究的重点是革命前哲学对苏联哲学的“进入”或“渗透”问题。格特西克是19 - 20世纪之交宗教和哲学复兴的哲学家和作家的《回忆录》的作者，也是F.尼采、J.休斯曼、F.冯·巴德尔等人作品的译者，这位思想家创造了自己的生活哲学版本，以格特西克的作品为例，展示了白银时代文化的代表如何设法与苏联现实和解。本文追溯格特塞克的创作历程，从她的论文《康德哲学中的现实世界问题》(1904)中提出的现象哲学到生命哲学;考虑她对康德认识论的解释;路径的概念(格茨克作品中的一个关键概念)是在苏联早期创作的作品(圣徒化的论文《在路上》(1917-1918)，散文《埃德加·坡》(1918-1927))的基础上进行分析的;本文考虑了对格特塞克的哲学探索具有决定性重要性的影响(I. Kant, F. Nietzsche, L. Shestov, N. Berdyaev, V. Ivanov, A. Bergson等)。本文将重点放在格特塞克作品的过渡阶段，当时她的思维方式中宗教信仰和启示情绪有所增加，而在20世纪30年代，她的思维方式被基督教所取代，基督教是旧文化和旧价值观的堡垒，是对新社会现实的辩护和辩护，格特塞克在著名的“来自那里”，即来自苏俄的信件中证明了这一点。这篇文章发表在巴黎的《扎皮斯基共和国》(sovremenye zapiski)杂志上，在移民社区引起了不同的反应。文章展示了什么样的意识形态态度让颓废会议的参与者和俄罗斯宗教哲学家的对话者接受了苏联的现实。
{"title":"Philosophy of life in Soviet Russia: the works of Evgeniya Gertsyk","authors":"Ksenia V. Vorozhikhina","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-115-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-115-126","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the study is the problem of “entry” or “penetration” of pre-revolutionary philosophy into Soviet philosophy. On the example of the oeuvre of E.K. Gertsyk, the author of “Memoirs” on the philosophers and writers of the religious and philosophical revival at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the translator of the works of F. Nietzsche, J. Huysmans, F. von Baader and others, the thinker who created her own version of the philosophy of life, it is shown how a representative of the culture of the Silver Age managed to reconcile with the Soviet reality. The article traces Gertsyk’s creative evolution from the philosophy of the phenomenon, presented in her dissertation essay on the problem of the real world in the Kant’s philosophy (1904), to the philosophy of life; her interpretation of Kant’s epistemology is considered; the concept of a path (a key one in Gertsyk’s work) was analyzed on the basis of works written in the early Soviet years (the hagiographic treatise “On the Ways” (1917–1918), the essay “Edgar Poe” (1918–1927)); the influences of decisive importance for Gertsyk’s philosophical searches are considered (I. Kant, F. Nietzsche, L. Shestov, N. Berdyaev, V. Ivanov, A. Bergson and etc). The article focuses on the transitional stage of Gertsyk’s oeuvre, when there was an increase in religiosity and apocalyptic moods in her mindset, which in the 1930s was replaced by a departure from Christianity as a stronghold of the old culture and old values, justification and apologia for the new social reality, demonstrated by Gertsyk in the well-known letters “from there”, i.e. from the Soviet Russia, published on the pages of the Parisian journal “Sovremennye zapiski” and caused a mixed reaction in the emigrant community. The article shows what ideological attitudes allowed the participant of the decadent meetings and the interlocutor of Russian religious philosophers to accept the Soviet reality.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-96-114
Ekaterina I. Korostichenko, Yaroslav I. Klimov
The article examines the socio-political aspect of the new atheism. Within the framework of this phenomenon, initially associated with the four bestselling authors R. Dawkins, S. Harris, K. Hitchens, D. Dennett, who launched the “fight against religion” in the mid-2000s, a community and a weakly organized movement eventually formed. A number of connected questions are considered: characteristics of the phenomenon of new atheism (origins, sources, specifics); perception of atheism and new atheism by society in the USA and Great Britain; political views of key figures of the new atheism, external assessment of their political influence; views and activity of supporters, external assessment of the socio-political influence of the movement. The article focuses on the aspects of the new atheism as a movement in the USA and the UK. The author comes to the following conclusions: the “creators” of the new atheism scarcely touch upon the socio-political agenda in their activities (the main foreign policy interest is the fight against Islamic terrorism); currently, the new atheism as a movement and a community reacts to politics rather than forms it; not all actions of new atheists aimed at reducing the social and political presence of religion or at reducing discrimination against atheists achieve their goals; the main achievement of the new atheism movement is that atheism as a worldview ceases to be a marginal agenda, and non-believers receive a formalized, positively colored identity for themselves. The latter is important in the context of discrimination of non-believers against believers, which in the United States takes place both in the public consciousness and even at the highest political level.
{"title":"The social dimension of the new atheism","authors":"Ekaterina I. Korostichenko, Yaroslav I. Klimov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-96-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-96-114","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the socio-political aspect of the new atheism. Within the framework of this phenomenon, initially associated with the four bestselling authors R. Dawkins, S. Harris, K. Hitchens, D. Dennett, who launched the “fight against religion” in the mid-2000s, a community and a weakly organized movement eventually formed. A number of connected questions are considered: characteristics of the phenomenon of new atheism (origins, sources, specifics); perception of atheism and new atheism by society in the USA and Great Britain; political views of key figures of the new atheism, external assessment of their political influence; views and activity of supporters, external assessment of the socio-political influence of the movement. The article focuses on the aspects of the new atheism as a movement in the USA and the UK. The author comes to the following conclusions: the “creators” of the new atheism scarcely touch upon the socio-political agenda in their activities (the main foreign policy interest is the fight against Islamic terrorism); currently, the new atheism as a movement and a community reacts to politics rather than forms it; not all actions of new atheists aimed at reducing the social and political presence of religion or at reducing discrimination against atheists achieve their goals; the main achievement of the new atheism movement is that atheism as a worldview ceases to be a marginal agenda, and non-believers receive a formalized, positively colored identity for themselves. The latter is important in the context of discrimination of non-believers against believers, which in the United States takes place both in the public consciousness and even at the highest political level.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23977/phij.2023.020101
{"title":"Reflection on Technological Aesthetics of Inhuman Tendency in Technological Development","authors":"","doi":"10.23977/phij.2023.020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23977/phij.2023.020101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68788585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.23977/phij.2023.020104
Rongcui Wang
: As a pioneer of cross-cultural dialogue between the East and the West, Tagore’s creation of a subject consciousness is of great significance to the understanding of Asian civilisation, but it has not received due attention in academic circles. His construction of subjectivity reflects the characteristics of Asian civilization. Under the influence of the thought of Brahma, humanity is the spiritual subject in the relationship with nature and the divine. Tagore’s transcendent subject is different from the West’s subject which is completely defined by apposition with the object. As a force of reflection, the subject consciousness infiltrates Tagore’s thinking on the relationship between Eastern and Western civilisation from the perspective of cosmopolitanism using the Asian philosophies of the relationship among nature, others and even the self. Tagore’s construction of subjectivity is of great significance for communication and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilisation.
{"title":"Tagore's Subject Consciousness: Perspectives on Divinity","authors":"Rongcui Wang","doi":"10.23977/phij.2023.020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23977/phij.2023.020104","url":null,"abstract":": As a pioneer of cross-cultural dialogue between the East and the West, Tagore’s creation of a subject consciousness is of great significance to the understanding of Asian civilisation, but it has not received due attention in academic circles. His construction of subjectivity reflects the characteristics of Asian civilization. Under the influence of the thought of Brahma, humanity is the spiritual subject in the relationship with nature and the divine. Tagore’s transcendent subject is different from the West’s subject which is completely defined by apposition with the object. As a force of reflection, the subject consciousness infiltrates Tagore’s thinking on the relationship between Eastern and Western civilisation from the perspective of cosmopolitanism using the Asian philosophies of the relationship among nature, others and even the self. Tagore’s construction of subjectivity is of great significance for communication and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilisation.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68788638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-117-127
Masoud Farahmandfar
Post-humanism, a comprehensive critique of the demands of humanism, especially the centrality of cognitive and biological structures, offers a new understanding of the realm of language, the role of subject, and the environment. The post-cataclysmic subject in Beckett’s writing uses words that arrive from nowhere, to no purpose, without direction, and without telos. It is therefore in the failure of language that we realize our predicament as prisoners of this symbolic void. Approaching, or interpreting, the work of Beckett may remain at the level of an “attempt”; fulfillment or capturing an absolute meaning will be a mirage, an illusion. Drawing on Jonathan Boulter’s ideas, this article aims at showing what the meaning and relationship of the posthuman and existence in the world is, because the posthuman subject seems to be always within a space; it is situated. This space could be post-apocalyptic; however, the trace of being and existence is there. In other words, it is space and spatiality that define and determine the borderlines of the idea of the posthuman in Beckett’s works. Boulter further argues that the posthuman a la Beckett challenges the borderlines and the binaries.
{"title":"Beckett, posthumanism, and the art of lessness","authors":"Masoud Farahmandfar","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-117-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-117-127","url":null,"abstract":"Post-humanism, a comprehensive critique of the demands of humanism, especially the centrality of cognitive and biological structures, offers a new understanding of the realm of language, the role of subject, and the environment. The post-cataclysmic subject in Beckett’s writing uses words that arrive from nowhere, to no purpose, without direction, and without telos. It is therefore in the failure of language that we realize our predicament as prisoners of this symbolic void. Approaching, or interpreting, the work of Beckett may remain at the level of an “attempt”; fulfillment or capturing an absolute meaning will be a mirage, an illusion. Drawing on Jonathan Boulter’s ideas, this article aims at showing what the meaning and relationship of the posthuman and existence in the world is, because the posthuman subject seems to be always within a space; it is situated. This space could be post-apocalyptic; however, the trace of being and existence is there. In other words, it is space and spatiality that define and determine the borderlines of the idea of the posthuman in Beckett’s works. Boulter further argues that the posthuman a la Beckett challenges the borderlines and the binaries.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67625922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-39-53
D. G. Mironov
The article defines the significance of Bolzano for the Brentano school and explores the sense in which Bolzano could have been an intermediary between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school. The first part of the article discusses the assessment of the Bolzano’s philosophical doctrine, which is offered by Brentano himself and his closest student Marty. Brentano found Bolzano’s pursuit of scientific philosophy commendable, but at the same time criticized him for platonism in the theory of meanings and for distinguishing the ways of being. Marty, continuing partly to criticize Bolzano, rather positively assessed his doctrine of propositions in themselves. Using the example of the doctrine of modifying adjectives, it is shown what influence Bolzano had on Marty’s philosophy of language. In the second part of the article, the question of Bolzano’s influence on K. Twardowski, A. Meinong and E. Husserl is considered. It is shown that each of these thinkers interpreted Bolzano's doctrine of propositions in themselves in different ways and at the same time not quite correctly. Bolzano’s doctrine of proposition structure is discussed separately and the evaluation of this doctrine proposed by Husserl is analyzed. Bolzano’s insufficient attention to the syntactic complexity of sentences, according to Husserl, was the reason that the Bohemian thinker did not propose a full-fledged theory of meaning and did not investigate the relationship between semantics and ontology. For other students of Brentano, Husserl’s assessment only confirmed that Bolzano did not pay due attention to linguistic synsemantics. The third part answers the question of Bolzano’s mediation between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school: the desire to defend the objectivity of truth and refute subjectivism unites such thinkers as S. Izquierdo and B. Bolzano, and it is on this basis that the continuity between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school can be traced.
本文界定了博尔扎诺对布伦塔诺学派的意义，并探讨了博尔扎诺可能成为后期经院哲学与布伦塔诺学派之间的中间人的意义。文章的第一部分讨论了布伦塔诺本人和他最亲密的学生马蒂对博尔扎诺哲学学说的评价。布伦塔诺认为博尔扎诺对科学哲学的追求是值得赞赏的，但同时也批评他在意义论上的柏拉图主义和对存在方式的区分。马蒂，继续部分地批评博尔扎诺，相当积极地评价他的命题学说本身。以形容词修饰语为例，分析了博尔扎诺对马蒂语言哲学的影响。在文章的第二部分，考虑博尔扎诺对K. Twardowski, A. Meinong和E. Husserl的影响问题。结果表明，这些思想家各自以不同的方式阐释了博尔扎诺的命题学说，同时又不完全正确。本文分别讨论了博尔扎诺的命题结构学说，并分析了胡塞尔对博尔扎诺的命题结构学说的评价。胡塞尔认为，博尔扎诺对句子句法复杂性的关注不足，是这位波西米亚思想家没有提出完整的意义理论，也没有研究语义与本体论关系的原因。对于布伦塔诺的其他学生来说，胡塞尔的评价只是证实了博尔扎诺没有对语言的同义学给予应有的重视。第三部分回答了博尔扎诺在后期经院哲学和布伦塔诺学派之间的调解问题:捍卫真理的客观性和驳斥主观主义的愿望将S.伊兹基耶多和B.博尔扎诺等思想家团结在一起，并在此基础上追溯了后期经院哲学与布伦塔诺学派之间的连续性。
{"title":"Bernard Bolzano and the Brentano school","authors":"D. G. Mironov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-39-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-1-39-53","url":null,"abstract":"The article defines the significance of Bolzano for the Brentano school and explores the sense in which Bolzano could have been an intermediary between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school. The first part of the article discusses the assessment of the Bolzano’s philosophical doctrine, which is offered by Brentano himself and his closest student Marty. Brentano found Bolzano’s pursuit of scientific philosophy commendable, but at the same time criticized him for platonism in the theory of meanings and for distinguishing the ways of being. Marty, continuing partly to criticize Bolzano, rather positively assessed his doctrine of propositions in themselves. Using the example of the doctrine of modifying adjectives, it is shown what influence Bolzano had on Marty’s philosophy of language. In the second part of the article, the question of Bolzano’s influence on K. Twardowski, A. Meinong and E. Husserl is considered. It is shown that each of these thinkers interpreted Bolzano's doctrine of propositions in themselves in different ways and at the same time not quite correctly. Bolzano’s doctrine of proposition structure is discussed separately and the evaluation of this doctrine proposed by Husserl is analyzed. Bolzano’s insufficient attention to the syntactic complexity of sentences, according to Husserl, was the reason that the Bohemian thinker did not propose a full-fledged theory of meaning and did not investigate the relationship between semantics and ontology. For other students of Brentano, Husserl’s assessment only confirmed that Bolzano did not pay due attention to linguistic synsemantics. The third part answers the question of Bolzano’s mediation between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school: the desire to defend the objectivity of truth and refute subjectivism unites such thinkers as S. Izquierdo and B. Bolzano, and it is on this basis that the continuity between late Scholasticism and the Brentano school can be traced.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67626116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-144-164
Vitaly L. Ivanov
This publication is a translation of a Latin text by the Franciscan philosopher and theologian of the first third of the 14th century, Petrus Thomae (c. 1280–1340). Petrus Thomae is one of the early followers of the philosophy and theology of John Duns Scotus and probably the most interesting and important metaphysician belonging to the emerging among the Franciscan scholars in the 1310s–1330s “schola Scotica”. We have translated the text of the 7th question from the metaphysical treatise of Petrus Thomae “Questions on the modes of distinctions” (written around 1325). This question is an explication of the concept of “formality” fundamental to the early Scotist tradition and its relationship with the metaphysical concept of a thing, as well as an analysis of the problem most discussed among the first followers of Scotus: to what extent the formal distinction (or the distinction between formalities) coincides with or differs from the real distinction as a distinction between different things. Thus, this rather brief question by Petrus is an exploration of a problematic at the heart of the metaphysics and epistemology of the early Scotists, and of paramount importance both for the consideration of questions of scholastic theology and for the philosophical analysis of finite being and its constitution. The translation from Latin was made from the “working edition” of the Latin text of this question prepared by the translator, which was constituted on the basis of a collatio of 6 manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries. The translation is accompanied by a historical and philosophical commentary and preliminary remarks by the translator.
{"title":"Questions on the modes of distinctions. <Question 7>","authors":"Vitaly L. Ivanov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-144-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-144-164","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is a translation of a Latin text by the Franciscan philosopher and theologian of the first third of the 14th century, Petrus Thomae (c. 1280–1340). Petrus Thomae is one of the early followers of the philosophy and theology of John Duns Scotus and probably the most interesting and important metaphysician belonging to the emerging among the Franciscan scholars in the 1310s–1330s “schola Scotica”. We have translated the text of the 7th question from the metaphysical treatise of Petrus Thomae “Questions on the modes of distinctions” (written around 1325). This question is an explication of the concept of “formality” fundamental to the early Scotist tradition and its relationship with the metaphysical concept of a thing, as well as an analysis of the problem most discussed among the first followers of Scotus: to what extent the formal distinction (or the distinction between formalities) coincides with or differs from the real distinction as a distinction between different things. Thus, this rather brief question by Petrus is an exploration of a problematic at the heart of the metaphysics and epistemology of the early Scotists, and of paramount importance both for the consideration of questions of scholastic theology and for the philosophical analysis of finite being and its constitution. The translation from Latin was made from the “working edition” of the Latin text of this question prepared by the translator, which was constituted on the basis of a collatio of 6 manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries. The translation is accompanied by a historical and philosophical commentary and preliminary remarks by the translator.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：