Pub Date : 2020-06-26DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-155-162
A. F. Sabitov, I. A. Safina
The spectral method for establishing dynamic response of measuring instruments basically requires determining the amplitude spectrum of the signal in its informative part that includes the amplitude spectrum at zero frequency. The operating frequency range of existing low-frequency spectrum analyzers is above zero frequency that leads to an uncertainty in dynamic response of measuring instruments determined by the spectral method. The purpose of this paper is to develop a program for calculating the signal amplitude spectrum, starting from zero frequency, to implement a spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments on computers equipped with the MatLab package.To implement the spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments, we developed a program in the MatLab 2013b environment that determines the signal amplitude spectrum from zero Hertz. The program reads the source data from Excel tables and presents the calculated amplitude spectrum as a chart and a report table.It is shown that the developed program calculates the signal amplitude spectrum with a standard deviation of not more than 3.4 % in the frequency range of 0 to 10 rad/s. The calculated amplitude spectrum allows determining the time constant of first-order aperiodic measuring instruments with an uncertainty of not more than 0.166 % at any noise level, if their frequencies are outside the information part of the spectrum.We demonstrated the claimed advantage of the spectral method for determining dynamic response using the developed program by the example of a high-frequency noise in the transient response of some measuring instruments.
{"title":"Implementation of the Spectral Method for Determining of Measuring Instruments' Dynamic Characteristics","authors":"A. F. Sabitov, I. A. Safina","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-155-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-2-155-162","url":null,"abstract":"The spectral method for establishing dynamic response of measuring instruments basically requires determining the amplitude spectrum of the signal in its informative part that includes the amplitude spectrum at zero frequency. The operating frequency range of existing low-frequency spectrum analyzers is above zero frequency that leads to an uncertainty in dynamic response of measuring instruments determined by the spectral method. The purpose of this paper is to develop a program for calculating the signal amplitude spectrum, starting from zero frequency, to implement a spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments on computers equipped with the MatLab package.To implement the spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments, we developed a program in the MatLab 2013b environment that determines the signal amplitude spectrum from zero Hertz. The program reads the source data from Excel tables and presents the calculated amplitude spectrum as a chart and a report table.It is shown that the developed program calculates the signal amplitude spectrum with a standard deviation of not more than 3.4 % in the frequency range of 0 to 10 rad/s. The calculated amplitude spectrum allows determining the time constant of first-order aperiodic measuring instruments with an uncertainty of not more than 0.166 % at any noise level, if their frequencies are outside the information part of the spectrum.We demonstrated the claimed advantage of the spectral method for determining dynamic response using the developed program by the example of a high-frequency noise in the transient response of some measuring instruments.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88385503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-1-70-81
A. M. Timofeev
A mathematical model of asynchronous optical communication channel with a photon counter applied as a receiving module has been built. The expression for calculating of data throughput of this channel has been obtained. As a result of implemented experimental investigations it has been established that the data throughput of asynchronous optical communication channel containing a photon counter on the basis of avalanche photodetector as a receiving module depends on optical radiation and photodetector supply voltage.
{"title":"Method of Achieving the Least Loss of Information in an Asynchronous Binary Single-Photon Communication Channel with a Receiver Based on a Photon Counter","authors":"A. M. Timofeev","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-1-70-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-1-70-81","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model of asynchronous optical communication channel with a photon counter applied as a receiving module has been built. The expression for calculating of data throughput of this channel has been obtained. As a result of implemented experimental investigations it has been established that the data throughput of asynchronous optical communication channel containing a photon counter on the basis of avalanche photodetector as a receiving module depends on optical radiation and photodetector supply voltage.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90122425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-382-390
A. A. Antoshyn, V. I. Nikitin
The existing methods for monitoring the performance of multi-criteria fire detectors do not provide for verification of their characteristics in the conditions of transition from smoldering to flame burning. The aim of the work is the development of the research methods of the environmental parameters during the transition from smoldering (pyrolysis) to flame combustion for simulation a test fire while checking the quality of multi-criteria fire detectors.A technique to conduct research of environmental parameters under conditions of heating wood samples of different sizes to a temperature of selfignition and burning crumpled and smooth paper has been developed.Changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide, specific optical density, and scattering ability during the transition from smoldering (pyrolysis) to flame burning of prepared wood and crumpled paper were studied for the first time.It is shown that the controlled environmental parameters during the transition from smoldering pyrolysis to flame burning change together. Conclusion: the speed of growth of the scattering ability of smoke decreases by 2.4 times, the speed of increase in the specific optical density and concentration of carbon monoxide increases by 2 and 5.3 times (respec-tively), during the transition from pyrolysis to flame burning of wood.
{"title":"Technique for Studying of the Dynamics of Changes of a Smoky Environment Parameters during the Transition of Pyrolysis to Flame Combustion","authors":"A. A. Antoshyn, V. I. Nikitin","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-382-390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-382-390","url":null,"abstract":"The existing methods for monitoring the performance of multi-criteria fire detectors do not provide for verification of their characteristics in the conditions of transition from smoldering to flame burning. The aim of the work is the development of the research methods of the environmental parameters during the transition from smoldering (pyrolysis) to flame combustion for simulation a test fire while checking the quality of multi-criteria fire detectors.A technique to conduct research of environmental parameters under conditions of heating wood samples of different sizes to a temperature of selfignition and burning crumpled and smooth paper has been developed.Changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide, specific optical density, and scattering ability during the transition from smoldering (pyrolysis) to flame burning of prepared wood and crumpled paper were studied for the first time.It is shown that the controlled environmental parameters during the transition from smoldering pyrolysis to flame burning change together. Conclusion: the speed of growth of the scattering ability of smoke decreases by 2.4 times, the speed of increase in the specific optical density and concentration of carbon monoxide increases by 2 and 5.3 times (respec-tively), during the transition from pyrolysis to flame burning of wood.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76685360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-322-330
N. Gorbachuk, N. Poklonski, Ya. N. Marochkina, S. V. Shpakovski
Transistor structures are the basic elements of integrated circuitry and are often used to create not only transistors themselves, but also diodes, resistors, and capacitors. Determining the mechanism of the occurrence of inductive type impedance in semiconductor structures is an urgent task, the solution of which will create the prerequisites for the development of solid-state analogs of inductors. The purpose of the work is to establish the effect of extraction of non-equilibrium charge carriers from the base region on the reactive impedance of a bipolar p–n–p transistor.Using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 20 Hz–30 MHz, the structures based on p–n–p transistors KT814G manufactured by JSC “INTEGRAL” were studied. It is shown that in the transistor structures it is possible to observe the “effect of negative capacitance” (inductive type impedance). It is established that the most probable cause of the inductive type impedance is the accumulation of uncompensated charge of holes in the base, the value of inductive impedance is influenced by both the injection efficiency in the base–emitter junction and the extraction efficiency in the base–collector junction.The results can be applied in the elaboration of technologies for the formation of elements of silicon based integrated circuits with an impedance of inductive type.
{"title":"Effect of Hole Extraction from the Base Region of a Silicon p–n–p Transistor on its Reactive Impedance","authors":"N. Gorbachuk, N. Poklonski, Ya. N. Marochkina, S. V. Shpakovski","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-322-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-322-330","url":null,"abstract":"Transistor structures are the basic elements of integrated circuitry and are often used to create not only transistors themselves, but also diodes, resistors, and capacitors. Determining the mechanism of the occurrence of inductive type impedance in semiconductor structures is an urgent task, the solution of which will create the prerequisites for the development of solid-state analogs of inductors. The purpose of the work is to establish the effect of extraction of non-equilibrium charge carriers from the base region on the reactive impedance of a bipolar p–n–p transistor.Using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 20 Hz–30 MHz, the structures based on p–n–p transistors KT814G manufactured by JSC “INTEGRAL” were studied. It is shown that in the transistor structures it is possible to observe the “effect of negative capacitance” (inductive type impedance). It is established that the most probable cause of the inductive type impedance is the accumulation of uncompensated charge of holes in the base, the value of inductive impedance is influenced by both the injection efficiency in the base–emitter junction and the extraction efficiency in the base–collector junction.The results can be applied in the elaboration of technologies for the formation of elements of silicon based integrated circuits with an impedance of inductive type.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79214953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-373-381
R. V. Fiodоrtsev, A. R. S. Cuenca, D. Kozhevnikov, V. Medina, R. Delgado
The object of the study is software methods of the Earth surface images processing obtained from the VRSS-2 satellite to determine the spectral composition of the vegetation cover to detect the presence of carotenoids during prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons.The photosynthetic pigments of higher plants (chlorophylls, carotenoids and phytobiliproteins) were analyzed. In the chloroplasts of higher plants, chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in a ratio of about 3:1. The presence of hydrocarbons increases the amount of carotenoids. Carotenoids have absorption bands in the blue-violet region from 400 to 500 nm and a high reflection coefficient in the red-orange and yellow spectral regions, which corresponds to the multispectral MSS operating mode (B2) of the VRSS-2 satellite camera. An analysis of the vegetation growing in the study area of the Puerto Kumarebo settlement showed that the best indicator of the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil is Prosopis juliflora – CUJI with a deep root system of up to 50 m, growing in the study area.Using ENVI software, a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of photographs image processing was carried out using the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) and the structure-insensitive pigment index (SIPI) to detect changes in the color of green vegetation. It has been established that the SIPI index is more applicable for hydrocarbon search tasks. Moreover, the recorded index fluctuations in the area of uniform vegetation at the level of 2.5 % are characteristic of normal growing conditions and cannot serve as evidence of the presence of factors indicating the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil. For a more detailed assessment of the presence of carotenoids in the foliage and the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil, photographs with high optical resolution of objects on the surface are required.
{"title":"Application of Satellite Image Processing Methods for Hydrocarbon Field Search","authors":"R. V. Fiodоrtsev, A. R. S. Cuenca, D. Kozhevnikov, V. Medina, R. Delgado","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-373-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-373-381","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the study is software methods of the Earth surface images processing obtained from the VRSS-2 satellite to determine the spectral composition of the vegetation cover to detect the presence of carotenoids during prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons.The photosynthetic pigments of higher plants (chlorophylls, carotenoids and phytobiliproteins) were analyzed. In the chloroplasts of higher plants, chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in a ratio of about 3:1. The presence of hydrocarbons increases the amount of carotenoids. Carotenoids have absorption bands in the blue-violet region from 400 to 500 nm and a high reflection coefficient in the red-orange and yellow spectral regions, which corresponds to the multispectral MSS operating mode (B2) of the VRSS-2 satellite camera. An analysis of the vegetation growing in the study area of the Puerto Kumarebo settlement showed that the best indicator of the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil is Prosopis juliflora – CUJI with a deep root system of up to 50 m, growing in the study area.Using ENVI software, a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of photographs image processing was carried out using the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) and the structure-insensitive pigment index (SIPI) to detect changes in the color of green vegetation. It has been established that the SIPI index is more applicable for hydrocarbon search tasks. Moreover, the recorded index fluctuations in the area of uniform vegetation at the level of 2.5 % are characteristic of normal growing conditions and cannot serve as evidence of the presence of factors indicating the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil. For a more detailed assessment of the presence of carotenoids in the foliage and the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil, photographs with high optical resolution of objects on the surface are required.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"147 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-360-372
А. Р. Баев, Н. В. Левкович, А. Л. Майоров, М. В. Асадчая
Improving the reliability and testing performance of permanent joints оf different materials made by welding, spraying, gluing, soldering and other methods is an important production task, for which the ultrasonic method is the simplest and most effective. The purpose of this work was to expand the technical possibilities and increase the sensitivity of ultrasonic testing of adhesion defects of materials joints based on the establishment of laws governing the formation of a scattering field of elastic waves from an inhomogeneous boundary in three-dimensional space and issuing recommendations for the development of suggested method.For the first time, in the framework of classical concepts, the scattering fields of elastic waves of an acoustic beam with a circular cross section moving across the boundary of a semi-infinite defect are calculated. It is proposed to use a phase shift between the waves reflected from the indicated surfaces, which varies in the range of π/4–π, as an important parameter of the material joint's defect. It has a significant effect on the field pattern and its angular amplitude extrema — minima and maxima of different orders when the defect boundary is moved relative to the center of the acoustic beam spot.The features of the evolution of the structure of the scattering field are established, which make it possible to identify optimal conditions for the detection of weakly reflective defects in sound. It is shown that it is possible in principle to estimate the defect's area by measuring a change in the amplitude of the primary maximum of the radiation pattern of the scattered waves.Specific examples show the effectiveness of using the proposed method for a number of practical applications.
{"title":"Scattering of Elastic Waves by an Inhomogeneous Boundary in the Acoustic Testing of Permanent Joints","authors":"А. Р. Баев, Н. В. Левкович, А. Л. Майоров, М. В. Асадчая","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-360-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-360-372","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the reliability and testing performance of permanent joints оf different materials made by welding, spraying, gluing, soldering and other methods is an important production task, for which the ultrasonic method is the simplest and most effective. The purpose of this work was to expand the technical possibilities and increase the sensitivity of ultrasonic testing of adhesion defects of materials joints based on the establishment of laws governing the formation of a scattering field of elastic waves from an inhomogeneous boundary in three-dimensional space and issuing recommendations for the development of suggested method.For the first time, in the framework of classical concepts, the scattering fields of elastic waves of an acoustic beam with a circular cross section moving across the boundary of a semi-infinite defect are calculated. It is proposed to use a phase shift between the waves reflected from the indicated surfaces, which varies in the range of π/4–π, as an important parameter of the material joint's defect. It has a significant effect on the field pattern and its angular amplitude extrema — minima and maxima of different orders when the defect boundary is moved relative to the center of the acoustic beam spot.The features of the evolution of the structure of the scattering field are established, which make it possible to identify optimal conditions for the detection of weakly reflective defects in sound. It is shown that it is possible in principle to estimate the defect's area by measuring a change in the amplitude of the primary maximum of the radiation pattern of the scattered waves.Specific examples show the effectiveness of using the proposed method for a number of practical applications.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74267221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-341-352
V. Kitikov, E. Ternov, A. V. Danilenko, N. Mukhurov, S. V. Denisyuk
The relevance of early detection of fire signs is quite obvious because due to the necessary measures for evacuating of people and material values, disconnecting the electrical equipment and extinguishing the fire at the time of the onset of fire or passive smoldering, human casualties can be completely avoided and economic losses can be minimized.A graphical representation of fire detectors' the classification in the form of a generalized scheme using all the main classification features, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The optimal areas for the use of detectors depending on the fire load are determined. The effectiveness of combined fire detectors' use, equipped in addition to traditional smoke and heat sensors with gas sensors, as an integrated approach to the organization of control over protected objects is shown.The results of development of highly sensitive two-zone sensor with sensitive elements based on iron oxide films for detecting the release of explosive and poisonous gases in the initial stage of decay before the formation of ignition conditions are presented. The use of gas sensors that respond to hazardous gases in the environment significantly reduces the risk of death due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
{"title":"New Functional Possibilities of Fire Detectors for Residential and Industrial Rooms","authors":"V. Kitikov, E. Ternov, A. V. Danilenko, N. Mukhurov, S. V. Denisyuk","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-341-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-341-352","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of early detection of fire signs is quite obvious because due to the necessary measures for evacuating of people and material values, disconnecting the electrical equipment and extinguishing the fire at the time of the onset of fire or passive smoldering, human casualties can be completely avoided and economic losses can be minimized.A graphical representation of fire detectors' the classification in the form of a generalized scheme using all the main classification features, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The optimal areas for the use of detectors depending on the fire load are determined. The effectiveness of combined fire detectors' use, equipped in addition to traditional smoke and heat sensors with gas sensors, as an integrated approach to the organization of control over protected objects is shown.The results of development of highly sensitive two-zone sensor with sensitive elements based on iron oxide films for detecting the release of explosive and poisonous gases in the initial stage of decay before the formation of ignition conditions are presented. The use of gas sensors that respond to hazardous gases in the environment significantly reduces the risk of death due to carbon monoxide poisoning.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83157695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-331-340
A. Spiridonov, Dmitrii Ushakov, V. Saechnikov
Currently, ultra-small satellite aresubjectstostringentrequirementsintermsoftheaccuracyof determining the position of the satellite in orbit, while the satellite is the subject to restrictions on mass, size and power consumption. The aim of this work is to simulate of navigation receiver operation for the ultra-small satellite with restrictions on energy consumption and computational resources.The operating conditions are considered and the requirements to the onboard navigation receiver for the ultra-small satellite are determined. The navigation receiver operation at the initial stage, performance testing, error detection, analysis of the reliability of the solution of the navigation-time determination problem are described.The structure of the design ballistics problems for orbit prediction of ultra-small spacecraft and navigation satellites, radio visibility intervals for GLONASS and GPS systems, parameters of navigation signals have been developed.The motion relative to the satellite systems GPS and GLONASS for a preliminary orbit of СubeBel-1 have been simulated. The Doppler dynamics of the GPS satellite signals in the receiver without restrictions on the relative speed for one day has been calculated. Radio visibility intervals for GPS and GLONASS satellites were calculated and optimal conditions for the cold start of the navigation receiver with a relative speed limit (Vr < 500 m/s) for 1 hour of operation both in separate and in joint operation on both systems were determined.To test the verification methods of the experimental data of the СubeBel-1 satellite, the operation of the navigation receiver of the Nsight satellite was studied according to the received telemetry from the beginning of its flight until the moment it entered stable operation.It is shown that the telemetry data of the navigation receiver at the testing stage had a significant error. After software correction, the navigation receiver worked steadily throughout the week of observation, the error of longitude and latitude measurements did not exceed 0.2 degrees.
{"title":"Simulation of Navigation Receiver for Ultra-Small Satellite","authors":"A. Spiridonov, Dmitrii Ushakov, V. Saechnikov","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-331-340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-331-340","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, ultra-small satellite aresubjectstostringentrequirementsintermsoftheaccuracyof determining the position of the satellite in orbit, while the satellite is the subject to restrictions on mass, size and power consumption. The aim of this work is to simulate of navigation receiver operation for the ultra-small satellite with restrictions on energy consumption and computational resources.The operating conditions are considered and the requirements to the onboard navigation receiver for the ultra-small satellite are determined. The navigation receiver operation at the initial stage, performance testing, error detection, analysis of the reliability of the solution of the navigation-time determination problem are described.The structure of the design ballistics problems for orbit prediction of ultra-small spacecraft and navigation satellites, radio visibility intervals for GLONASS and GPS systems, parameters of navigation signals have been developed.The motion relative to the satellite systems GPS and GLONASS for a preliminary orbit of СubeBel-1 have been simulated. The Doppler dynamics of the GPS satellite signals in the receiver without restrictions on the relative speed for one day has been calculated. Radio visibility intervals for GPS and GLONASS satellites were calculated and optimal conditions for the cold start of the navigation receiver with a relative speed limit (Vr < 500 m/s) for 1 hour of operation both in separate and in joint operation on both systems were determined.To test the verification methods of the experimental data of the СubeBel-1 satellite, the operation of the navigation receiver of the Nsight satellite was studied according to the received telemetry from the beginning of its flight until the moment it entered stable operation.It is shown that the telemetry data of the navigation receiver at the testing stage had a significant error. After software correction, the navigation receiver worked steadily throughout the week of observation, the error of longitude and latitude measurements did not exceed 0.2 degrees.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90413164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-12DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-391-401
A. Kitsak
The aim of the paper was to develop a model of thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange to identify the optimal conditions for extinguishing of A1 class fires with powders.The method of experimental and mathematical modelling of fire extinguishing process using dry chemical powder with short-term effect on the fire was used to achieve the goal. The experimental dependences of the extinguishing time and unit consumption of the extinguishing powder on the intensity of the powder supply to the combustion zone in extinguishing of subclass A1 fire in same area and in a limited volume were obtained. The mathematical model of a thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder has been developed, taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange.Analysis of the regularities of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder with a short feeding it into the fire indicates the presence of optimum values of unity consumption of powder on the fire from the intensity of feeding it into the fire. The presence of this optimum is due to the inertia of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder due to the finiteness of the heat transfer time to the particles of the extinguishing powder and the limited time of interaction of particles with the combustible material.The theoretical analysis of the fire extinguishing process over the area taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to the powder particles at non-stationary heat exchange are carried out. The results of the analysis are in qualitative agreement with the results of the experimental study of the regularities of extinguishing of model fire foci of subclass A1 with General-purpose fire extinguishing powder.
{"title":"Model of Thermal Mechanism of Subclass A1 Fire Extinguishing with General Purpose Fire Extinguishing Powder in Non-Stationary Heat Exchange Conditions","authors":"A. Kitsak","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-391-401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-391-401","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper was to develop a model of thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange to identify the optimal conditions for extinguishing of A1 class fires with powders.The method of experimental and mathematical modelling of fire extinguishing process using dry chemical powder with short-term effect on the fire was used to achieve the goal. The experimental dependences of the extinguishing time and unit consumption of the extinguishing powder on the intensity of the powder supply to the combustion zone in extinguishing of subclass A1 fire in same area and in a limited volume were obtained. The mathematical model of a thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder has been developed, taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange.Analysis of the regularities of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder with a short feeding it into the fire indicates the presence of optimum values of unity consumption of powder on the fire from the intensity of feeding it into the fire. The presence of this optimum is due to the inertia of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder due to the finiteness of the heat transfer time to the particles of the extinguishing powder and the limited time of interaction of particles with the combustible material.The theoretical analysis of the fire extinguishing process over the area taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to the powder particles at non-stationary heat exchange are carried out. The results of the analysis are in qualitative agreement with the results of the experimental study of the regularities of extinguishing of model fire foci of subclass A1 with General-purpose fire extinguishing powder.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80283665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-301-307
K. Gorbachenya, V. Kisel, R. Deineka, A. Yasukevich, N. Kuleshov, V. Maltsev, D. Mitina, E. Volkova, N. Leonyuk
We report, for the first time to our knowledge, a diode-pumped continuous-wave microchip Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 laser. The purpose of this work was to study the growth technique, spectroscopic properties and continuous-wave laser performance of Er3+,Yb3+:YMgB5O10 novel crystal. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as kinetics of luminescence decay were studied. Ytterbium-erbium energy transfer efficiency was determined. The output characteristics (output power, slope efficiency, laser wavelength) of Er3+,Yb3+:YMgB5O10 laser were determined.Two intensive absorption bands with peaks centered at 937 nm and 976 nm were observed in the absorption spectra at the wavelength near 1 μm. The maximum value of absorption cross-section was determined to be 1.5·10–20 cm2 at 976 nm for polarization E//Ng . A number of narrow lines were observed in the absorption spectra in the 1425–1575 nm spectral range (transition 4I15/2 → 4I13/2 of erbium ions). The lifetime of the upper laser level 4I13/2 of Er3+ ions was determined to be 390 ± 20 μs. The ytterbium-erbium energy transfer efficiency for YMgB5O10 crystal with 2 at.% of Er3+ and 11 at.% for Yb3+ was close to 84 %. The maximal continuous-wave output power of 0.2 W with slope efficiency of 8 % regarding to absorbed pump power was realized at the wavelength of 1570 nm. With the improvement of cavity parameters the output laser performance of the Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 crystal can be further enhanced.Taking into account high thermal conductivity of ≈ 6.2 W·m–1·K–1, the Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 crystal can be considered as a good gain medium for 1.5 μm lasers for applications in laser rangefinder and LIDAR systems.
{"title":"Continuous-wave Laser on Er,Yb-Codoped Pentaborate Crystal","authors":"K. Gorbachenya, V. Kisel, R. Deineka, A. Yasukevich, N. Kuleshov, V. Maltsev, D. Mitina, E. Volkova, N. Leonyuk","doi":"10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-301-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2019-10-4-301-307","url":null,"abstract":"We report, for the first time to our knowledge, a diode-pumped continuous-wave microchip Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 laser. The purpose of this work was to study the growth technique, spectroscopic properties and continuous-wave laser performance of Er3+,Yb3+:YMgB5O10 novel crystal. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as kinetics of luminescence decay were studied. Ytterbium-erbium energy transfer efficiency was determined. The output characteristics (output power, slope efficiency, laser wavelength) of Er3+,Yb3+:YMgB5O10 laser were determined.Two intensive absorption bands with peaks centered at 937 nm and 976 nm were observed in the absorption spectra at the wavelength near 1 μm. The maximum value of absorption cross-section was determined to be 1.5·10–20 cm2 at 976 nm for polarization E//Ng . A number of narrow lines were observed in the absorption spectra in the 1425–1575 nm spectral range (transition 4I15/2 → 4I13/2 of erbium ions). The lifetime of the upper laser level 4I13/2 of Er3+ ions was determined to be 390 ± 20 μs. The ytterbium-erbium energy transfer efficiency for YMgB5O10 crystal with 2 at.% of Er3+ and 11 at.% for Yb3+ was close to 84 %. The maximal continuous-wave output power of 0.2 W with slope efficiency of 8 % regarding to absorbed pump power was realized at the wavelength of 1570 nm. With the improvement of cavity parameters the output laser performance of the Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 crystal can be further enhanced.Taking into account high thermal conductivity of ≈ 6.2 W·m–1·K–1, the Er,Yb:YMgB5O10 crystal can be considered as a good gain medium for 1.5 μm lasers for applications in laser rangefinder and LIDAR systems.","PeriodicalId":41798,"journal":{"name":"Devices and Methods of Measurements","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75022785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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