Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341340
V. Kuznetsov, A. Nikitin
This article is a publication of the fragmentary Old Persian inscription from the ancient Greek city of Phanagoria (the Taman Peninsula, Russia). The inscription was found in a private house built over the ruins of the city’s fortifications, which perished in a fire in the late first or the early second quarter of the 5th century BC. The fragment of the stele bears six partially preserved lines of the text. The signs at the beginning and the end of each line are missing. Due to the fragmentary nature of the inscription, its contents can not be determined. However, the archaeological context of the find allows us to attribute its authorship to King Xerxes. The new document attests that the Persian Empire took an active interest in the northern coast of the Black Sea.
{"title":"An Old Persian Inscription from Phanagoria","authors":"V. Kuznetsov, A. Nikitin","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341340","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is a publication of the fragmentary Old Persian inscription from the ancient Greek city of Phanagoria (the Taman Peninsula, Russia). The inscription was found in a private house built over the ruins of the city’s fortifications, which perished in a fire in the late first or the early second quarter of the 5th century BC. The fragment of the stele bears six partially preserved lines of the text. The signs at the beginning and the end of each line are missing. Due to the fragmentary nature of the inscription, its contents can not be determined. However, the archaeological context of the find allows us to attribute its authorship to King Xerxes. The new document attests that the Persian Empire took an active interest in the northern coast of the Black Sea.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46121989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341348
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341347
V. Mordvint͡seva
{"title":"A Scythian Cemetery of the the 3rd–2nd Centuries BC near Glinoe Village, written by N.I. Tel’nov, I.A. Chetverikov, V.S. Sinika","authors":"V. Mordvint͡seva","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341343
S. Monakhov
The author of the article considers the question of the chronology of Herakleian stamps used by the manufacturer Etymos, who for the last twenty years has traditionally been assigned a date from the late-4th/early-3rd century BC. An analysis of a series of assemblages with the stamps of this manufacturer has made it possible to assign him a reliable date within the period 340-330 BC.
{"title":"Once More on the Subject of Herakleian Amphorae with Stamps of the Manufacturer Etymos","authors":"S. Monakhov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341343","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The author of the article considers the question of the chronology of Herakleian stamps used by the manufacturer Etymos, who for the last twenty years has traditionally been assigned a date from the late-4th/early-3rd century BC. An analysis of a series of assemblages with the stamps of this manufacturer has made it possible to assign him a reliable date within the period 340-330 BC.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341341
V. Kuznetsov
This article is a historical commentary on the Old Persian inscription found at Phanagoria (the Taman peninsula, Russia) in 2016. One can think of four possibilities how the document appeared on the northern coast of the Black Sea: the shipping of the inscription or its fragment to Phanagoria together with other stones as ballast, the European Scythian campaign of Darius I, the expedition of Ariaramnes against the Scythians, and the erection of the stele with the inscription in Phanagoria after the capture of the city – supposedly by the Persian troops. The author rules out the first three possibilities and accepts the fourth one. The inscription was found overlying the ruins of Phanagoria’s defensive works – destroyed by a huge fire sometime in the late first or the early second quarter of the 5th century BC. Judging from the archaeological context of the find, the inscription must have been authored by Darius’ son Xerxes. Many other cities in the North Black Sea area yield evidence of synchronous fires and devastation, which gives us ground to connect the capture of Phanagoria with the evidence from Diodorus (12.31) about certain Archaianaktidai who came to power in the Cimmerian Bosporus. They ruled for 42 years and were succeeded by Spartokos. It is reasonable to presume that this change of power was a result of Pericles’ Pontic expedition reported by Plutarch (Per. 20). Thus the conquest of Phanagoria (along with other North Pontic cities) should be viewed in the context of the Graeco-Persian Wars.
{"title":"The Cimmerian Bosporus in the 5th Century BC (an Old Persian Inscription from Phanagoria)","authors":"V. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341341","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article is a historical commentary on the Old Persian inscription found at Phanagoria (the Taman peninsula, Russia) in 2016. One can think of four possibilities how the document appeared on the northern coast of the Black Sea: the shipping of the inscription or its fragment to Phanagoria together with other stones as ballast, the European Scythian campaign of Darius I, the expedition of Ariaramnes against the Scythians, and the erection of the stele with the inscription in Phanagoria after the capture of the city – supposedly by the Persian troops. The author rules out the first three possibilities and accepts the fourth one.\u0000The inscription was found overlying the ruins of Phanagoria’s defensive works – destroyed by a huge fire sometime in the late first or the early second quarter of the 5th century BC. Judging from the archaeological context of the find, the inscription must have been authored by Darius’ son Xerxes. Many other cities in the North Black Sea area yield evidence of synchronous fires and devastation, which gives us ground to connect the capture of Phanagoria with the evidence from Diodorus (12.31) about certain Archaianaktidai who came to power in the Cimmerian Bosporus. They ruled for 42 years and were succeeded by Spartokos. It is reasonable to presume that this change of power was a result of Pericles’ Pontic expedition reported by Plutarch (Per. 20).\u0000Thus the conquest of Phanagoria (along with other North Pontic cities) should be viewed in the context of the Graeco-Persian Wars.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45655952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341342
E. Terekhin, T. Smekalova
The near chora (agricultural land) of Tauric Chersonesos was investigated using multiyear remote sensing data and field surveys. The boundaries of the land plots were studied with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology and an analysis of satellite images. Reliable reconstruction of the borders has been done for 231 plots (from a total of about 380), which is approximately 53% of the Chersonesean chora. During the last 50 years, most of the ancient land plots have been destroyed by modern buildings, roads, or forests. However, in the 1960s, a significant part of the chora was still preserved. Changes in preservation with time were studied with the aid of satellite images that were made in 1966 and 2015. During that period, it was found that the number of plots with almost-complete preservation decreased from 47 to 0. Those land plots whose preservation was better than 50% dropped from 104 to 4. A temporal map shows this decline in preservation. It was found that the areas of land plots could be determined accurately with satellite images; compared to field surveys, this accuracy was about 99%.
{"title":"Study of Ancient Land Boundaries at Tauric Chersonesos Using Satellite Images","authors":"E. Terekhin, T. Smekalova","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341342","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The near chora (agricultural land) of Tauric Chersonesos was investigated using multiyear remote sensing data and field surveys. The boundaries of the land plots were studied with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology and an analysis of satellite images. Reliable reconstruction of the borders has been done for 231 plots (from a total of about 380), which is approximately 53% of the Chersonesean chora. During the last 50 years, most of the ancient land plots have been destroyed by modern buildings, roads, or forests. However, in the 1960s, a significant part of the chora was still preserved. Changes in preservation with time were studied with the aid of satellite images that were made in 1966 and 2015. During that period, it was found that the number of plots with almost-complete preservation decreased from 47 to 0. Those land plots whose preservation was better than 50% dropped from 104 to 4. A temporal map shows this decline in preservation. It was found that the areas of land plots could be determined accurately with satellite images; compared to field surveys, this accuracy was about 99%.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45264665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-21DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341345
Alexander Trufanov, V. Mordvint͡seva
This is the publication of a female burial in Catacomb No. 1119 of the Ust’-Al’ma necropolis situated on the south-western shore of the Crimea. In it were found items of personal jewellery (gold earrings, amphora-shaped pendants, beads of a necklace and plaques originally sewn on to garments) as well as grave goods (gold leaves from a funerary wreath, gold eye-pieces, two hand-moulded ceramic incense-burners, a ceramic jug, an iron knife, a ceramic unguentarium of the bulbous type, a ceramic red-slip bowl and two ceramic spindle whorls). The grave might have belonged to a representative of the social élite and it dates from the first half of the 1st century AD.
{"title":"A Female Burial with Gold Jewellery from the Ust’-Al’ma Necropolis (Crimea) Dating from the 1st Century AD","authors":"Alexander Trufanov, V. Mordvint͡seva","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341345","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This is the publication of a female burial in Catacomb No. 1119 of the Ust’-Al’ma necropolis situated on the south-western shore of the Crimea. In it were found items of personal jewellery (gold earrings, amphora-shaped pendants, beads of a necklace and plaques originally sewn on to garments) as well as grave goods (gold leaves from a funerary wreath, gold eye-pieces, two hand-moulded ceramic incense-burners, a ceramic jug, an iron knife, a ceramic unguentarium of the bulbous type, a ceramic red-slip bowl and two ceramic spindle whorls). The grave might have belonged to a representative of the social élite and it dates from the first half of the 1st century AD.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341335
J. Lhuillier, J. Bendezu-Sarmiento
{"title":"Central Asia and the Interaction between the Iranian Plateau and the Steppes in Late First Millennium BC","authors":"J. Lhuillier, J. Bendezu-Sarmiento","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":"24 1","pages":"331-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341327
F. Grenet
Before the recent discoveries of the Karakalpak-Australian Expedition to Ancient Chorasmia (KAE) evidence for Zoroastrianism in Chorasmia was scant, coming only from the official use of the Zoroastrian calendar, the onomastics, and the archaeologically documented funerary practices of the region, while the interpretation of remains of temples or fire chapels is subject to discussion. During the last seasons of work on the material of the KAE excavations at Akchakhan-kala, the royal seat of Chorasmia in the 2nd century BC – 2nd century AD, substantial fragments of wall paintings from the rear wall of the main columned hall of the “Ceremonial Complex” were cleaned and reassembled. It appeared at once that they belong to oversized standing figures, most probably deities. The best preserved image has been identified as Srōsh, god of prayer and protector of the soul after death. The second figure is probably to be identified as a personification of the group of the Fravashis, pre-created souls of the ancestors and protectors of “Aryan people” in battles, also worshipped as deities. A third figure, very partly preserved, perhaps represents Zam-Spandarmad, goddess of the Earth. If these identifications are valid, these deities appear to have been chosen because of their association with the turn of the year. This would be consistent with the possibility that the already known “portrait gallery” of Akchakhan-kala was related to the commemoration of royal and clanic ancestors at the end of the year. Notwithstanding much still needs to be elucidated, it appears already certain that these paintings, dating about the beginning of the 1st century AD, are the earliest documented attempt to create a Zoroastrian art directly inspired by the Avesta. The identification of some figures in the Toprak-kala “High Palace” (2nd-3rd centuries AD) can perhaps be reconsidered in the light of this new evidence.
在卡拉卡尔帕克澳大利亚古代Chorasmia探险队（KAE）最近发现之前，Chorasmia的琐罗亚斯德教证据很少，仅来自官方使用的琐罗亚罗亚斯德历、象征学和该地区考古记录的丧葬习俗，而对寺庙或火礼拜堂遗迹的解释仍有待讨论。在对公元前2世纪至公元2世纪Chorasmia皇家所在地Akchakhan kala KAE发掘材料的最后几季工作中，“仪式综合体”主柱大厅后墙的大量壁画碎片被清理并重新组装。很快就发现它们属于超大的立像，很可能是神。保存最完好的图像被确认为Srōsh，祈祷之神和死后灵魂的保护者。第二个人物可能被认为是Fravashis群体的化身，他们是祖先的灵魂和战斗中“雅利安人”的保护者，也被尊为神。第三个雕像，部分保存下来，可能代表了地球女神赞·斯潘达尔马德。如果这些标识是有效的，那么这些神似乎是因为它们与年份之交有关而被选中的。这与已知的阿克恰汉·卡拉“肖像画廊”与年底纪念王室和氏族祖先的活动有关的可能性是一致的。尽管还有很多需要阐明的地方，但似乎已经可以肯定的是，这些绘画可以追溯到公元1世纪初，是最早有文献记载的直接受阿维斯塔启发创作琐罗亚斯德教艺术的尝试。Toprak kala“高宫”（公元2世纪至3世纪）中一些人物的鉴定可能可以根据这一新证据重新考虑。
{"title":"Was Zoroastrian Art Invented in Chorasmia?","authors":"F. Grenet","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341327","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Before the recent discoveries of the Karakalpak-Australian Expedition to Ancient Chorasmia (KAE) evidence for Zoroastrianism in Chorasmia was scant, coming only from the official use of the Zoroastrian calendar, the onomastics, and the archaeologically documented funerary practices of the region, while the interpretation of remains of temples or fire chapels is subject to discussion.\u0000During the last seasons of work on the material of the KAE excavations at Akchakhan-kala, the royal seat of Chorasmia in the 2nd century BC – 2nd century AD, substantial fragments of wall paintings from the rear wall of the main columned hall of the “Ceremonial Complex” were cleaned and reassembled. It appeared at once that they belong to oversized standing figures, most probably deities. The best preserved image has been identified as Srōsh, god of prayer and protector of the soul after death. The second figure is probably to be identified as a personification of the group of the Fravashis, pre-created souls of the ancestors and protectors of “Aryan people” in battles, also worshipped as deities. A third figure, very partly preserved, perhaps represents Zam-Spandarmad, goddess of the Earth. If these identifications are valid, these deities appear to have been chosen because of their association with the turn of the year. This would be consistent with the possibility that the already known “portrait gallery” of Akchakhan-kala was related to the commemoration of royal and clanic ancestors at the end of the year.\u0000Notwithstanding much still needs to be elucidated, it appears already certain that these paintings, dating about the beginning of the 1st century AD, are the earliest documented attempt to create a Zoroastrian art directly inspired by the Avesta. The identification of some figures in the Toprak-kala “High Palace” (2nd-3rd centuries AD) can perhaps be reconsidered in the light of this new evidence.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.1163/15700577-12341330
G. Khozhaniyazov
{"title":"“Long Walls” in Ancient Chorasmia and Central Asia","authors":"G. Khozhaniyazov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":"24 1","pages":"197-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/15700577-12341330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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