This paper discusses the morpheme bi in Saamaka which has the following characteristics. It conveys a past interpretation of the eventuality and anchors an eventuality to some past time which is inconsistent with past from a future perspective. It is not necessarily anchored to the time of utterance, i.e. it can convey both a simple past and a past-before-past interpretation. Its interpretation is insensitive to aktionsart, i.e. the pattern of distribution is not determined by whether a predicate is stative or eventive. The morpheme is discourse sensitive, or, in other words, the presence of bi is sometimes omitted. To elucidate these characteristics, I will argue that bi is a temporal pronominal which establishes the anchor time directly and makes it not be the time of utterance but some other contextually established past time.
{"title":"To Bi or not to Bi: A pronominal analysis for past","authors":"Marleen van de Vate","doi":"10.5334/JPL.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the morpheme bi in Saamaka which has the following characteristics. It conveys a past interpretation of the eventuality and anchors an eventuality to some past time which is inconsistent with past from a future perspective. It is not necessarily anchored to the time of utterance, i.e. it can convey both a simple past and a past-before-past interpretation. Its interpretation is insensitive to aktionsart, i.e. the pattern of distribution is not determined by whether a predicate is stative or eventive. The morpheme is discourse sensitive, or, in other words, the presence of bi is sometimes omitted. To elucidate these characteristics, I will argue that bi is a temporal pronominal which establishes the anchor time directly and makes it not be the time of utterance but some other contextually established past time.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to consider the interaction of tense, mood and focus with negation in Standard Arabic. This interaction can be observed via marking the tense and mood of the sentence, or via selecting a particular type of tense, or being associated with Information Structure. Building on this fact, the current paper provides a unified analysis, in which negation in Arabic can be accounted for without a NegP projection.
{"title":"Interaction of negation with tense, modality and information structure in Standard Arabic","authors":"N. Al-Horais","doi":"10.5334/JPL.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.78","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to consider the interaction of tense, mood and focus with negation in Standard Arabic. This interaction can be observed via marking the tense and mood of the sentence, or via selecting a particular type of tense, or being associated with Information Structure. Building on this fact, the current paper provides a unified analysis, in which negation in Arabic can be accounted for without a NegP projection.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several semantic and syntactic distinctions, which have largely been neglected in the Vietnamese linguistic literature, are drawn together in this paper in a comparative context with other better-studied languages in order to indicate that Inner Aspect is projected within the VP shell and independently of the projection of Outer Aspect – a structural proposal originally advanced by Travis (2010). Overall, Vietnamese with its isolating character and rigid word order provides us with unusually direct evidence for an articulated VP structure.
{"title":"The projection of Inner Aspect in Vietnamese","authors":"T. Phan","doi":"10.5334/JPL.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.76","url":null,"abstract":"Several semantic and syntactic distinctions, which have largely been neglected in the Vietnamese linguistic literature, are drawn together in this paper in a comparative context with other better-studied languages in order to indicate that Inner Aspect is projected within the VP shell and independently of the projection of Outer Aspect – a structural proposal originally advanced by Travis (2010). Overall, Vietnamese with its isolating character and rigid word order provides us with unusually direct evidence for an articulated VP structure.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reasoning along the lines of Iatridou (2000), we argue in this paper that the Palestinian morpheme kaan that is normally used to express semantic past tense actually denotes Non-Actual Veridicality, i.e. including kaan states that the proposition it applies to is true in a different world-time pair than the pair consisting of the actual world and the time of utterance. This means that kaan can be used both as a tense marker (expressing past tense) and as a mood marker (expressing counterfactuality). Given that every clause (with the possible exception of imperative clauses) must be tensed, this entails that kaan, in the absence of any other tense marker, must receive a temporal interpretation; but if the sentence receives its tense interpretation from some other particle, kaan acts as a mood marker. In the remainder of the paper, several consequences of this proposal are discussed.
{"title":"The semantic contribution of the past tense morpheme kaan in Palestinian counterfactuals","authors":"Hadil Karawani, H. Zeijlstra","doi":"10.5334/JPL.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.79","url":null,"abstract":"Reasoning along the lines of Iatridou (2000), we argue in this paper that the Palestinian morpheme kaan that is normally used to express semantic past tense actually denotes Non-Actual Veridicality, i.e. including kaan states that the proposition it applies to is true in a different world-time pair than the pair consisting of the actual world and the time of utterance. This means that kaan can be used both as a tense marker (expressing past tense) and as a mood marker (expressing counterfactuality). Given that every clause (with the possible exception of imperative clauses) must be tensed, this entails that kaan, in the absence of any other tense marker, must receive a temporal interpretation; but if the sentence receives its tense interpretation from some other particle, kaan acts as a mood marker. In the remainder of the paper, several consequences of this proposal are discussed.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on reported speech in Brazilian Portuguese oral narratives, examining the status of direct and indirect quotations. In particular, I address the following questions: Can the clause that carries the quotation be analyzed as an objet complement of the verb of saying and thought? What syntactic, semantic, and prosodic properties of utterance/thought verbs support such treatment? The analysis shows that utterance verbs strongly project what is to come, so that the quote can accurately be taken as the object complement of the matrix verb. The paper also argues for a scalar treatment of complementation in terms of syntactic integration with the utterance verb.
{"title":"Complements of verbs of utterance and thought in Brazilian Portuguese narratives","authors":"Maria Angélica Furtado da Cunha","doi":"10.5334/JPL.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.82","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on reported speech in Brazilian Portuguese oral narratives, examining the status of direct and indirect quotations. In particular, I address the following questions: Can the clause that carries the quotation be analyzed as an objet complement of the verb of saying and thought? What syntactic, semantic, and prosodic properties of utterance/thought verbs support such treatment? The analysis shows that utterance verbs strongly project what is to come, so that the quote can accurately be taken as the object complement of the matrix verb. The paper also argues for a scalar treatment of complementation in terms of syntactic integration with the utterance verb.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Authored by Sheila Ackerlind and Rebecca Jones-Kellogg, Portuguese. A Reference Manual is a comprehensive guide on the functioning of oral and written Portuguese, designed to support the study of Portuguese as a foreign language. Originally conceived for university-level students, this book, which presents an extensive description of different domains of knowledge of the language, is a useful support tool for students of various levels of education, teachers of Portuguese as a foreign language and other specialists interested in consulting updated and well-founded information on Portuguese. In different sections of the manual, the contents are presented following a methodology of contrastive analysis with Spanish and English. Therefore, it is expected that the users of this manual have background knowledge of these two languages.
{"title":"Review of Ackerlind, S. & R. Jones-Kellogg, Portuguese. A Reference Manual , 2011. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 340.","authors":"A. Costa","doi":"10.5334/JPL.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.85","url":null,"abstract":"Authored by Sheila Ackerlind and Rebecca Jones-Kellogg, Portuguese. A Reference Manual is a comprehensive guide on the functioning of oral and written Portuguese, designed to support the study of Portuguese as a foreign language. Originally conceived for university-level students, this book, which presents an extensive description of different domains of knowledge of the language, is a useful support tool for students of various levels of education, teachers of Portuguese as a foreign language and other specialists interested in consulting updated and well-founded information on Portuguese. In different sections of the manual, the contents are presented following a methodology of contrastive analysis with Spanish and English. Therefore, it is expected that the users of this manual have background knowledge of these two languages.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a production model for the incomplete acoustic neutralization between underived and derived /e/ in Romanian. Using the articulatory-based synthesizer TADA, underived /e/ was modeled with a single articulatory gesture, while derived /e/ was modeled as a ‘blending’ between two vocalic gestures timed synchronously (similar to the diphthong /ea/ with which it alternates). A comparison of the acoustic properties of modeled and naturally produced stimuli showed that underived /e/ tokens were acoustically similar to modeled underived /e/ and that naturally produced derived /e/ tokens were similar to modeled ‘blended’ /e/. This result supports the hypothesis that derived /e/ is the result of a blending between two vowel gestures, and that the observed incomplete acoustic neutralization between underived and derived /e/ in Romanian is the result of different articulatory mechanisms.
{"title":"Romanian ‘blended’ vowels: A production model of incomplete neutralization","authors":"Stefania Marin","doi":"10.5334/JPL.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.83","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a production model for the incomplete acoustic neutralization between underived and derived /e/ in Romanian. Using the articulatory-based synthesizer TADA, underived /e/ was modeled with a single articulatory gesture, while derived /e/ was modeled as a ‘blending’ between two vocalic gestures timed synchronously (similar to the diphthong /ea/ with which it alternates). A comparison of the acoustic properties of modeled and naturally produced stimuli showed that underived /e/ tokens were acoustically similar to modeled underived /e/ and that naturally produced derived /e/ tokens were similar to modeled ‘blended’ /e/. This result supports the hypothesis that derived /e/ is the result of a blending between two vowel gestures, and that the observed incomplete acoustic neutralization between underived and derived /e/ in Romanian is the result of different articulatory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Missionary grammars written in Portuguese were shaped as practical tools for language teaching and after the end of mission period were swiftly forgotten. Most of this vast production is lost. Some grammars remained in libraries as a precious heritage, others were brought to Europe and a few were printed. Once rediscovered, they were considered partial descriptions or excessively contaminated by Latin grammar.
{"title":"Review of Otto Zwartjes, Portuguese missionary grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800 (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series III, Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 117).","authors":"João Paulo Silvestre","doi":"10.5334/JPL.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.86","url":null,"abstract":"Missionary grammars written in Portuguese were shaped as practical tools for language teaching and after the end of mission period were swiftly forgotten. Most of this vast production is lost. Some grammars remained in libraries as a precious heritage, others were brought to Europe and a few were printed. Once rediscovered, they were considered partial descriptions or excessively contaminated by Latin grammar.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flaviane Fernandes-Svartman, Maria Bernadete Abaurre, V. González-López, M. C. C. Bianchi
This paper investigates whether values of acoustical correlates of pretonic syllables adjacent to the one(s) perceived as bearing secondary stress could predict such perception in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) data. In order to pursue this goal, a comparison is made between pretonic syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress and those perceived as not bearing it. According to the results, obtained by application of statistical analyses, it is possible to claim that variation in intensity and in F 0 in syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress, as well as in adjacent syllables, can be taken as a robust correlate for data perception regarding secondary stress placement in BP. Variation in intensity and in F 0 in syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress and variation in intensity and in F 0 in the other adjacent pretonic syllables seem to be complementary information for the perception of secondary stresses by BP speakers. The results point to relevant questions for further work concerning the rhythmic and intonational organization of Brazilian Portuguese.
{"title":"Secondary stress, intensity and fundamental frequency in Brazilian Portuguese","authors":"Flaviane Fernandes-Svartman, Maria Bernadete Abaurre, V. González-López, M. C. C. Bianchi","doi":"10.5334/JPL.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.84","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether values of acoustical correlates of pretonic syllables adjacent to the one(s) perceived as bearing secondary stress could predict such perception in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) data. In order to pursue this goal, a comparison is made between pretonic syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress and those perceived as not bearing it. According to the results, obtained by application of statistical analyses, it is possible to claim that variation in intensity and in F 0 in syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress, as well as in adjacent syllables, can be taken as a robust correlate for data perception regarding secondary stress placement in BP. Variation in intensity and in F 0 in syllables perceived as bearing secondary stress and variation in intensity and in F 0 in the other adjacent pretonic syllables seem to be complementary information for the perception of secondary stresses by BP speakers. The results point to relevant questions for further work concerning the rhythmic and intonational organization of Brazilian Portuguese.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Languages come into contact through invasion, war, colonization, migration, trade and commerce between different communities. In India, for example, the Arab invasion of Sindh brought in the languages of the Arab world, such as Arabic, Turkish and Persian. Later, Portuguese, Dutch and English trading companies dominated the field of trade and commerce and successfully spread their languages in the Indian sub-continent. As a result, almost all Indian languages have borrowed words from these foreign languages and enriched their vocabularies. Like other languages in India, Odia, an Eastern Indo-Aryan language, which is spoken in the Indian territory of Odisha, came into contact with Arabic, Persian, Portuguese and English, and has borrowed several words from these languages.
{"title":"Phonological Nativization of Arabic, Portuguese and English Loanwords in Odia","authors":"Shashikanta Tarai","doi":"10.5334/JPL.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/JPL.87","url":null,"abstract":"Languages come into contact through invasion, war, colonization, migration, trade and commerce between different communities. In India, for example, the Arab invasion of Sindh brought in the languages of the Arab world, such as Arabic, Turkish and Persian. Later, Portuguese, Dutch and English trading companies dominated the field of trade and commerce and successfully spread their languages in the Indian sub-continent. As a result, almost all Indian languages have borrowed words from these foreign languages and enriched their vocabularies. Like other languages in India, Odia, an Eastern Indo-Aryan language, which is spoken in the Indian territory of Odisha, came into contact with Arabic, Persian, Portuguese and English, and has borrowed several words from these languages.","PeriodicalId":41871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Portuguese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70690198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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