This paper examines the discursive construction of Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern after she wore a veil following the unprecedented terror attack in two mosques in the city of Christchurch in 2019. The articles analyzed are collected from three main newspapers published in New Zealand’s three main cities. Analyzed using principles and tools from Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) and Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT) more specifically, the articles reveal key arguments from both sides i.e. in support of and against this unparalleled initiative on behalf of a political leader in the western world. On the one hand, the majority of the news articles under analysis portray PM’s initiative as one that attempts to mitigate tension and conflict while bringing solidarity to a grief-stricken nation; and thus, are based on the ‘locus from ontological implications’. While the perspectives that oppose the initiative vary from explicit racist ones that present Muslims as threat to Zealand, to those who strongly believe such actions support the women oppression. Through a (de-)construction of the arguments opposing this move, the findings demonstrate that the opposition towards PM’s initiative is based on two main loci namely the ‘locus from correlates’ and the ‘locus from termination and setting up’
{"title":"(De-)constructing New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern’s initiative to wear the hijab after the Christchurch terrorist attack","authors":"N. Salahshour, Dimitris Serafis","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21006.sal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21006.sal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examines the discursive construction of Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern after she wore a veil following\u0000 the unprecedented terror attack in two mosques in the city of Christchurch in 2019. The articles analyzed are collected from three\u0000 main newspapers published in New Zealand’s three main cities. Analyzed using principles and tools from Critical Discourse Studies\u0000 (CDS) and Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT) more specifically, the articles reveal key arguments from both sides i.e. in support of\u0000 and against this unparalleled initiative on behalf of a political leader in the western world. On the one hand, the majority of\u0000 the news articles under analysis portray PM’s initiative as one that attempts to mitigate tension and conflict while bringing\u0000 solidarity to a grief-stricken nation; and thus, are based on the ‘locus from ontological implications’. While the perspectives\u0000 that oppose the initiative vary from explicit racist ones that present Muslims as threat to Zealand, to those who strongly believe\u0000 such actions support the women oppression. Through a (de-)construction of the arguments opposing this move, the findings\u0000 demonstrate that the opposition towards PM’s initiative is based on two main loci namely the ‘locus from correlates’ and the\u0000 ‘locus from termination and setting up’","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43224033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is focused on the practice of private diary-writing as an act of externalizing internal communication from the point of view of the theory of argumentation. It is demonstrated that through diary-writing, various forms of internal negotiation can be implemented. The paper sheds light on three ways internal negotiation is externalized through diary writing: reflective diary writing, crisis diary writing and self-encouraging diary writing. It is shown that these communicative practices occur with respect to specific exigencies of a diarist, and with respect to these specific exigencies, they differ in the type of argumentation that can be submitted in the writings. For the argumentative characterization of these practices, the concept of the communicative activity type introduced within a pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation is used. It is shown that distinguished diary-writing practices are differently conventionalized activity types that are preconditioned by implicit norms governing the conduct of argumentation.
{"title":"Three forms of internal negotiation through the activity of private diary-writing","authors":"I. Svačinová","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21014.sva","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21014.sva","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is focused on the practice of private diary-writing as an act of externalizing internal communication\u0000 from the point of view of the theory of argumentation. It is demonstrated that through diary-writing, various forms of internal\u0000 negotiation can be implemented. The paper sheds light on three ways internal negotiation is externalized through diary writing:\u0000 reflective diary writing, crisis diary writing and self-encouraging diary writing. It is shown that these communicative practices\u0000 occur with respect to specific exigencies of a diarist, and with respect to these specific exigencies, they differ in the type of\u0000 argumentation that can be submitted in the writings. For the argumentative characterization of these practices, the concept of the\u0000 communicative activity type introduced within a pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation is used. It is shown that\u0000 distinguished diary-writing practices are differently conventionalized activity types that are preconditioned by implicit norms\u0000 governing the conduct of argumentation.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper develops an argumentative perspective on attacks in political election campaigns. The perspective highlights the role that attack ads play in the justification of vote claims aiming to advance our understanding of the notorious practice and to bring about a nuanced assessment of its benefits and risks. In the examination, special attention is paid to the argumentative potential that links a certain criticism of an adversary to the defense of the negative vote against the adversary as well as to the defense of the positive vote claim in favor of a campaign’s candidate. Considering the argumentative potential is especially beneficial for capturing the role of attacks in important political processes, including accountability and the stimulation of an informed public political participation.
{"title":"Negative campaigning","authors":"D. Mohammed","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21025.moh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21025.moh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper develops an argumentative perspective on attacks in political election campaigns. The perspective\u0000 highlights the role that attack ads play in the justification of vote claims aiming to advance our understanding of the notorious\u0000 practice and to bring about a nuanced assessment of its benefits and risks. In the examination, special attention is paid to the\u0000 argumentative potential that links a certain criticism of an adversary to the defense of the negative vote against the adversary\u0000 as well as to the defense of the positive vote claim in favor of a campaign’s candidate. Considering the argumentative potential\u0000 is especially beneficial for capturing the role of attacks in important political processes, including accountability and the\u0000 stimulation of an informed public political participation.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"C. Andone, B. Garssen","doi":"10.1075/jaic.00016.cas","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.00016.cas","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42040758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses and evaluates the use of arguments in which quotations are employed to convince the addressees of the acceptability of a proposed action. Based on the European Commission’s press releases, a communicative practice in which quotations are typically employed, the study demonstrates that quotations function as weak authority arguments that are not likely to be accepted by the addressees if they are not further supported by other argument types.
{"title":"Arguing through quotations","authors":"C. Andone","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21023.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21023.and","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyses and evaluates the use of arguments in which quotations are employed to convince the addressees of the acceptability of a proposed action. Based on the European Commission’s press releases, a communicative practice in which quotations are typically employed, the study demonstrates that quotations function as weak authority arguments that are not likely to be accepted by the addressees if they are not further supported by other argument types.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article starts from the observation that, in order to ensure their legitimacy, the modes of governance in place in most Western democracies make more room for citizen participation in decision-making processes. The result is the implementation of various participatory mechanisms, many of which seek to stimulate a citizen’s argumentative expression. Based on a case study (the public debate on a gold mine project in French Guiana), we observe the norms that govern such participation processes and their implementation in the argumentative exchanges.
{"title":"Prescribed argumentation, actual argumentation, reported argumentation","authors":"Ilaria Casillo, Marianne Doury","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21021.dou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21021.dou","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article starts from the observation that, in order to ensure their legitimacy, the modes of governance in\u0000 place in most Western democracies make more room for citizen participation in decision-making processes. The result is the\u0000 implementation of various participatory mechanisms, many of which seek to stimulate a citizen’s argumentative expression. Based on\u0000 a case study (the public debate on a gold mine project in French Guiana), we observe the norms that govern such participation\u0000 processes and their implementation in the argumentative exchanges.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is much more to argumentative style than just the well-known presentational (“linguistic”) dimension. Equally important dimensions of the argumentative styles utilised in resolving a difference of opinion are the topical dimension of the selection of the standpoints, starting points, arguments and concluding statements put forward in the discourse and the dimension of the adaptations to the presumed demand of the audience that is to be convinced. In argumentative discourse these three dimensions of argumentative style manifest themselves together in the argumentative moves that are made, the argumentative routes that are chosen and the strategic considerations that are brought to bear. Starting from this perspective, it is shown in this article how the argumentative style can be identified that was utilised by a Member of the European Parliament in a plenary debate on labelling fruit juices.
{"title":"Characterising an MEP’s argumentative style","authors":"Frans H. van Eemeren","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21020.eem","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21020.eem","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There is much more to argumentative style than just the well-known presentational (“linguistic”) dimension. Equally important dimensions of the argumentative styles utilised in resolving a difference of opinion are the topical dimension of the selection of the standpoints, starting points, arguments and concluding statements put forward in the discourse and the dimension of the adaptations to the presumed demand of the audience that is to be convinced. In argumentative discourse these three dimensions of argumentative style manifest themselves together in the argumentative moves that are made, the argumentative routes that are chosen and the strategic considerations that are brought to bear. Starting from this perspective, it is shown in this article how the argumentative style can be identified that was utilised by a Member of the European Parliament in a plenary debate on labelling fruit juices.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this contribution a characterization is given of the argumentative style utilised in an opening speech of a plenary debate in the European Parliament. This debate is initiated through an opening speech in which the rapporteur of a parliamentary committee presents the European Commission’s proposal, as well as the amendments and the arguments to support them. As it is the rapporteur’s aim to gain broad parliamentary agreement with the proposal, the opening speech is vital to the debate, because all contributions of the MEPs relate directly to the argumentation put forward by the rapporteur. Based on the analytic overview the strategic design and the three dimensions of argumentative style the argumentative style that is used by the rapporteur is characterized.
{"title":"The argumentative style of the opening speech of a debate in the European Parliament","authors":"B. Garssen","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21026.gar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21026.gar","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this contribution a characterization is given of the argumentative style utilised in an opening speech of a plenary debate in the European Parliament. This debate is initiated through an opening speech in which the rapporteur of a parliamentary committee presents the European Commission’s proposal, as well as the amendments and the arguments to support them. As it is the rapporteur’s aim to gain broad parliamentary agreement with the proposal, the opening speech is vital to the debate, because all contributions of the MEPs relate directly to the argumentation put forward by the rapporteur. Based on the analytic overview the strategic design and the three dimensions of argumentative style the argumentative style that is used by the rapporteur is characterized.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decades after the Second World War, fascism is still rife in Europe. After acknowledging a certain difficulty on the part of contemporary antifascist arguers to affirm their tenets and discredit those of their opponents, this investigation looks back at the past to examine an inspiring antifascist speech. The speech that socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti delivered to the Italian Parliament in 1924 is analysed though the methodological lens of Pragma-dialectics, focusing on the notions of strategic manoeuvring, argumentative structure and argumentative style. The results show that Matteotti’s argumentation against the fascists hinged on facts and rules as premises of argumentation. The speaker supported his arguments with factual evidence and organised them in a multiple argumentation structure. In addition, he “dressed up” his speech, apparently characterised by a detached argumentative style, with traits of a more engaged style, whose combination has turned Matteotti’s invective against the fascist regime into an argumentative masterpiece.
{"title":"Antifascist argumentation in Giacomo Matteotti’s 1924 speech to the Italian Parliament","authors":"E. Brambilla","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21022.bra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21022.bra","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Decades after the Second World War, fascism is still rife in Europe. After acknowledging a certain difficulty on the part of contemporary antifascist arguers to affirm their tenets and discredit those of their opponents, this investigation looks back at the past to examine an inspiring antifascist speech. The speech that socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti delivered to the Italian Parliament in 1924 is analysed though the methodological lens of Pragma-dialectics, focusing on the notions of strategic manoeuvring, argumentative structure and argumentative style. The results show that Matteotti’s argumentation against the fascists hinged on facts and rules as premises of argumentation. The speaker supported his arguments with factual evidence and organised them in a multiple argumentation structure. In addition, he “dressed up” his speech, apparently characterised by a detached argumentative style, with traits of a more engaged style, whose combination has turned Matteotti’s invective against the fascist regime into an argumentative masterpiece.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Few of the central concepts of political discourse are as controversial as “freedom”/“liberty”. However, although “freedom” definitely belongs to the so-called “essentially contested concepts”, even “a contested concept has an uncontested core” (Lakoff 2006: 23–24). This uncontested core can be described as the core meaning of language-specific lexemes such as English freedom, liberty, German Freiheit, French liberté or Italian libertà. The core meaning can be established as the common ground underlying all more specific controversial uses and definitions. Within political discourse, the context-specific uses of these lexemes can be described as persuasive definitions, that is, as instances of strategic maneuvering (cf. van Eemeren 2010), which try to establish one’s own use of these words as the politically dominant one and the one most widespread in the media. With this theoretical background in mind, I would like to provide an overview of how libertà is persuasively defined and strategically used within contemporary Italian political discourse. In order to do this, I have compiled a small corpus of party programs, political speeches, interviews, newspaper editorials and posts. From this empirical basis a list of argumentative strategies concerning explicit and implicit definitions of libertà will be compiled and critically evaluated.
{"title":"Viva la libertà!","authors":"Manfred Kienpointner","doi":"10.1075/jaic.21019.kie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.21019.kie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Few of the central concepts of political discourse are as controversial as “freedom”/“liberty”. However, although\u0000 “freedom” definitely belongs to the so-called “essentially contested concepts”, even “a contested concept has an uncontested core”\u0000 (Lakoff 2006: 23–24). This uncontested core can be described as the core meaning of\u0000 language-specific lexemes such as English freedom, liberty, German Freiheit, French\u0000 liberté or Italian libertà. The core meaning can be established as the common ground\u0000 underlying all more specific controversial uses and definitions.\u0000 Within political discourse, the context-specific uses of these lexemes can be described as persuasive definitions,\u0000 that is, as instances of strategic maneuvering (cf. van Eemeren 2010), which try to\u0000 establish one’s own use of these words as the politically dominant one and the one most widespread in the media.\u0000 With this theoretical background in mind, I would like to provide an overview of how libertà is\u0000 persuasively defined and strategically used within contemporary Italian political discourse. In order to do this, I have compiled\u0000 a small corpus of party programs, political speeches, interviews, newspaper editorials and posts. From this empirical basis a list\u0000 of argumentative strategies concerning explicit and implicit definitions of libertà will be compiled and\u0000 critically evaluated.","PeriodicalId":41908,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Argumentation in Context","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49605171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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