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Standardization in digital manufacturing: implications for Russia and the EAEU 数字化制造的标准化:对俄罗斯和欧亚经济联盟的影响
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.3.78.96
Y. Turovets, K. Vishnevskiy
The shift to digital technologies in various industries is one of the key goals in the digital agenda. Due to the essential role of interoperability of products and elements in complex systems, standardization stays in the forefront of government policy and business. In manufacturing systems, standards are of a prime importance, since they serve as a channel for modernization and innovation speedup. This paper makes a contributionto the currently rare literature on digital manufacturing standardization as a policy tool to promote digital technologies in business. By comparing five national cases of China, Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the USA, we introduce national models of standardization in smart manufacturing according to the extent of state participation in standardization. In doing so, we examined initiatives in industry, digitalization, the development of a national system of standards, the reference architecture of digital production, as well as the countries’ cooperation in the field. Along with this, an overview of international initiatives in the field is presented, namely the ISO and the IEC. Taking into account the existing landscape, an assessment of the Russian case of digitalization in manufacturing and standardization is presented. Like China, Russia follows the third model of standardization. Given the results, we developed recommendations for Russia with the aim of intensifying efforts at standardization and the country’s presence in the international agenda, as well as to develop a Russian framework for digital transformation in sectors and achieve related economic effects.
各个行业向数字技术的转变是数字议程的关键目标之一。由于产品和元素在复杂系统中的互操作性起着至关重要的作用,标准化一直是政府政策和业务的前沿。在制造系统中,标准至关重要,因为它们是现代化和加快创新的渠道。本文对目前罕见的关于数字制造标准化的文献做出了贡献,将其作为在商业中推广数字技术的政策工具。通过比较中国、德国、日本、韩国和美国五个国家的案例,根据国家参与标准化的程度,介绍了智能制造标准化的国家模式。在这样做的过程中,我们审查了工业、数字化、国家标准体系的发展、数字生产的参考架构,以及各国在该领域的合作。除此之外,还概述了该领域的国际举措,即ISO和IEC。考虑到现有的情况,对俄罗斯制造业和标准化数字化的情况进行了评估。与中国一样,俄罗斯遵循第三种标准化模式。鉴于这些结果,我们为俄罗斯制定了建议,目的是加强标准化工作和该国在国际议程中的地位,并制定俄罗斯各部门数字化转型框架,实现相关经济效果。
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引用次数: 11
Comparative analysis of methods for forecasting bankruptcies of Russian construction companies 俄罗斯建筑公司破产预测方法的比较分析
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.3.52.66
A. Karminsky, Roman Burekhin
This paper is devoted to comparison of the capabilities of various methods to predict the bankruptcy of construction industry companies on a one-year horizon. The authors considered the following algorithms: logit and probit models, classification trees, random forests, artificial neural networks. Special attention was paid to the peculiarities of the training machine learning models, the impact of data imbalance on the predictive ability of models, analysis of ways to deal with these imbalances and analysis of the influence of non-financial factors on the predictive ability of models. In their study, the authors used non-financial and financial indicators calculated on the basis of public financial statements of the construction companies for the period from 2011 to 2017. The authors concluded that the models considered show acceptable quality for use in forecasting bankruptcy problems. The Gini or AUC coefficient (area under the ROC curve) was used as the quality markers of the model. It was revealed that neural networks outperform other methods in predictive power, while logistic regression models in combination with discretization follow them closely. It was found that the effective way to deal with the imbalance data depends on the type of model used. However, no significant impact on the imbalance in the training set predictive ability of the model was identified. The significant impact of non-financial indicators on the likelihood of bankruptcy was not confirmed.
本文旨在比较各种方法在一年的时间跨度内预测建筑业公司破产的能力。作者考虑了以下算法:logit和probit模型、分类树、随机森林、人工神经网络。特别关注训练机器学习模型的特性,数据不平衡对模型预测能力的影响,分析处理这些不平衡的方法以及分析非财务因素对模型预测能力的影响。在他们的研究中,作者使用了非财务指标和财务指标,这些指标是根据建筑公司2011年至2017年的公开财务报表计算出来的。作者的结论是,所考虑的模型在预测破产问题方面表现出可接受的质量。采用基尼系数或AUC系数(ROC曲线下面积)作为模型的质量标志。结果表明,神经网络在预测能力上优于其他方法,而与离散化相结合的逻辑回归模型紧随其后。研究发现,处理不平衡数据的有效方法取决于所使用的模型类型。然而,不平衡对模型的训练集预测能力没有显著影响。非财务指标对破产可能性的重大影响尚未得到证实。
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引用次数: 9
Fuzzy cognitive models for socio-economic systems as applied to a management model for integrated development of rural areas 社会经济系统的模糊认知模型在农村综合发展管理模式中的应用
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.3.7.19
S. Podgorskaya, A. Podvesovskii, R. Isaev, N. Antonova
The paper is devoted to fuzzy cognitive modeling, which is an effective tool for studying semistructured socio-economic systems. The emphasis is on the process of developing (identification) fuzzy cognitive models, which are the most complex and critical stage of cognitive modeling. Existing identification methods are classified as either expert or statistical, depending on the source of information used. Typically, when constructing fuzzy cognitive models of semi-structured systems, the system under consideration possesses both quantitative (measurable) factors and factors of a relative, qualitative nature. While statistical data on the quantitative factors may be available, the only available source of information on the qualitative factors is expert knowledge. MODELING OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
模糊认知模型是研究半结构化社会经济系统的有效工具。重点是模糊认知模型的建立(识别)过程,这是认知建模中最复杂和最关键的阶段。根据所使用的信息来源,现有的识别方法分为专家或统计两类。通常,在构建半结构化系统的模糊认知模型时,所考虑的系统既有定量(可测量)因素,也有相对定性的因素。虽然可能有关于数量因素的统计数据,但关于质量因素的唯一可用信息来源是专家知识。社会和经济系统的建模
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引用次数: 11
Feature selection for fuzzy classifier using the spider monkey algorithm 基于蜘蛛猴算法的模糊分类器特征选择
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.29.42
I. Hodashinsky, M. Nemirovich-Danchenko, S. Samsonov
In this paper, we discuss the construction of fuzzy classifiers by dividing the task into the three following stages: the generation of a fuzzy rule base, the selection of relevant features, and the parameter optimization of membership functions for fuzzy rules. The structure of the fuzzy classifier is generated by forming the fuzzy rule base with use of the minimum and maximum feature values in each class. This allows us to generate the rule base with the minimum number of rules, which corresponds to the number of class labels in the dataset to be classified. Feature selection is carried out by a binary spider monkey optimization (BSMO) algorithm, which is a wrapper method. As a data preprocessing procedure, feature selection not only improves the efficiency of training algorithms but also enhances their generalization capability. In the process of feature selection, we investigate the dynamics of changes in classification accuracy, iteration by iteration, for various parameter values of the binary algorithm and analyze the effect of its parameters on its convergence rate. The parameter optimization of fuzzy rule antecedents uses another spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm that processes continuous numerical data. The performance of the fuzzy classifiers based on the rules and features selected by these algorithms is tested on some datasets from the KEEL repository. Comparison with two competitor algorithms on the same datasets is carried out. It is shown that fuzzy classifiers with the minimum number of rules and a significantly reduced number of features can be developed with their accuracy being statistically similar to that of the competitor classifiers.
在本文中,我们通过将任务划分为以下三个阶段来讨论模糊分类器的构建:模糊规则库的生成、相关特征的选择以及模糊规则隶属函数的参数优化。模糊分类器的结构是通过使用每个类别中的最小和最大特征值形成模糊规则库来生成的。这使我们能够生成具有最小规则数的规则库,该规则数对应于要分类的数据集中的类标签数。特征选择是通过二元蜘蛛猴优化(BSMO)算法进行的,这是一种包装方法。特征选择作为一种数据预处理过程,不仅提高了训练算法的效率,而且增强了算法的泛化能力。在特征选择过程中,我们研究了二进制算法的各种参数值的分类精度的动态变化,一次又一次的迭代,并分析了其参数对其收敛速度的影响。模糊规则前因的参数优化使用了另一种处理连续数值数据的蜘蛛猴优化(SMO)算法。基于这些算法选择的规则和特征的模糊分类器的性能在KEEL存储库的一些数据集上进行了测试。在相同的数据集上与两种竞争对手的算法进行了比较。结果表明,可以开发出规则数量最少、特征数量显著减少的模糊分类器,其精度在统计上与竞争对手的分类器相似。
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引用次数: 4
Modeling self-organizing teams in a research environment 在研究环境中为自组织团队建模
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.7.17
T. Voznesenskaya, F. Krasnov, R. Yavorsky, Polina Chesnokova
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引用次数: 6
Company readiness for digital transformations: problems and diagnosis 公司对数字化转型的准备:问题和诊断
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.59.72
O. Dolganova, E. Deeva
Digital transformation is one of the current trends of business development in modern economies. This article discusses the main problems faced by Russian companies in the course of digital transformations of their activities, and the tools for preliminary diagnosis of the company’s readiness for such transformations. Based on the analysis and synthesis of information from reports of Russian and international research and consulting companies, and relying on the results of scientifi c research by Russian and foreign experts, the authors identifi ed seven key typical problems that most Russian companies may encounter in the initial stages of implementing digital transformation. The problems identifi ed are ranked in order of their importance for the successful implementation of digital transformations. For the eff ective implementation of digital transformation, the authors propose to use the architectural approach in accordance with the recommendations of the TOGAF standard, which allows managing changes in a comprehensive manner, taking into account the needs, opportunities and constraints of both the business system and the IT infrastructure. The work substantiates the need for conducting the diagnosis of the company’s readiness at the initial stage of digital transformations. Such diagnosis can reveal the existing internal constraints that may become an obstacle to achieving the desired result of digital transformation. To identify the main adverse events, causes and problems of organizations with low levels of digital maturity, a method for constructing a tree of current reality has been implemented an analytical toolkit for studying cause-eff ect relationships with undesirable features. Practical recommendations on the classifi cation of causes and problems are provided to assess current readiness and plan for transition to the desired state of business system and IT infrastructure. The proposed approach will allow organizations to identify their problem areas, drawing on the consolidated experience of other companies, as well as to determine the possibility of their adjustment in order to create favorable conditions for digital transformations. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS
数字化转型是现代经济中商业发展的趋势之一。本文讨论了俄罗斯公司在其活动的数字化转型过程中面临的主要问题,以及初步诊断公司准备进行此类转型的工具。基于对俄罗斯和国际研究和咨询公司报告信息的分析和综合,并依靠俄罗斯和外国专家的科学研究结果,作者确定了大多数俄罗斯公司在实施数字化转型的初始阶段可能遇到的七个关键典型问题。所确定的问题按照其对成功实现数字化转型的重要性进行排序。为了有效地实现数字化转型,作者建议根据TOGAF标准的建议使用架构方法,它允许以综合的方式管理变更,同时考虑到业务系统和IT基础设施的需求、机会和约束。这项工作证实了在数字化转型的初始阶段对公司的准备情况进行诊断的必要性。这种诊断可以揭示现有的内部约束,这些约束可能成为实现数字化转型预期结果的障碍。为了识别具有低水平数字成熟度的组织的主要不良事件、原因和问题,构建当前现实树的方法已经实现,用于研究具有不良特征的因果关系的分析工具包。提供了关于原因和问题分类的实用建议,以评估当前的准备情况,并计划向业务系统和IT基础设施的期望状态的过渡。提议的方法将允许组织识别他们的问题领域,借鉴其他公司的综合经验,并确定他们调整的可能性,以便为数字化转型创造有利条件。信息系统和商业技术
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引用次数: 20
Principles of managing development of EPM systems EPM系统开发管理原则
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.73.83
A. Druzhaev, D. Isaev, Eugene Ogurechnikov
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of resources required for restoring systems of computer complexes with elements of different significance 恢复具有不同重要性元素的计算机复合体系统所需资源的估计
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.18.28
A. Maron, T. Kravchenko, T. Shevgunov
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引用次数: 12
Developing an approach to ranking innovative IT projects 开发一种对创新IT项目进行排名的方法
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.43.58
V. Grekul, E. Isaev, N. Korovkina, T. Lisienkova
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引用次数: 3
Development of strategic management tools for heat supply enterprises in the Donetsk region 为顿涅茨克地区供热企业开发战略管理工具
IF 0.6 Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2019.1.45.58
Mariya Myznikova, L. Brazhnikova
Raising the eff ectiveness of strategic management in conditions of high complexity and dynamic change of modern management systems requires the development of an appropriate mathematical toolkit. The task of raising eff ectiveness of strategic management is especially topical for heat supply enterprises of the Donetsk region, where operations have been complicated by a number of general system problems, and by the presence of substantial external challenges. At the same time, the question of using mathematical apparatus to raise the eff ectiveness of strategic management of enterprises in the sphere of residential-communal services appears not to have been widely studied. In this regard, the objective of this study is raising the eff ectiveness of strategic management of heat supply enterprises of the Donetsk region by developing a respective toolkit of mathematical modeling. To achieve the goal we have set, in this work we carried out an analysis of the viability of the system using the methodology proposed by S. Beer; we made an analysis of the elements of the market of heat supply, and also developed system dynamic models based on the approach of J.W. Forrester. As a result of our research, we discovered the basic problems infl uencing the viability of the system at the strategic level. It was established that the problems revealed are the consequence of the imperfections of the methodological base, including absence of timely information on the dynamics of the external environment, forecasting of the key parameters, a toolkit for making decisions, etc. For the purpose of fi nding a toolkit to improve the methodological base, we performed an analysis and forecast of the heat supply market in the Donetsk region as part of the external environment which exerts a very signifi cant infl uence on the activity of the heat supply enterprises of the Donetsk region. In the course in the residential communal sphere the problem presence of a training sample and two test samples. In addition, in the course of analyzing the market we discovered new forms of demand for heat supply services – lost demand and unpaid demand. On the basis of the dependencies established, we built a model for forecasting the behavior of consumers of a heat supply company oriented to the level of marketing. With the help of this model, by means of supplements to it and modifi cations, we built a complex model of strategic management of heat supply enterprises of the Donetsk region allowing us to analyze the eff ectiveness of using one or another lever of strategic management on the basis of scenario analysis.
在现代管理系统高度复杂和动态变化的条件下,提高战略管理的有效性需要开发适当的数学工具包。对于顿涅茨克地区的供热企业来说,提高战略管理效率的任务尤其重要,因为该地区的运营因一些一般系统问题和存在大量外部挑战而变得复杂。与此同时,在住宅-社区服务领域,利用数学工具提高企业战略管理效率的问题似乎没有得到广泛的研究。在这方面,本研究的目的是通过开发相应的数学建模工具包来提高顿涅茨克地区供热企业战略管理的有效性。为了实现我们设定的目标,在这项工作中,我们使用S. Beer提出的方法对系统的可行性进行了分析;对供热市场的要素进行了分析,并基于福里斯特的方法建立了系统动力学模型。通过研究,我们发现了在战略层面上影响系统可行性的基本问题。已经确定,所暴露的问题是方法基础不完善的结果,包括缺乏关于外部环境动态的及时信息、对关键参数的预测、作出决定的工具包等。为了找到一个改进方法基础的工具包,我们对顿涅茨克地区的供热市场进行了分析和预测,作为对顿涅茨克地区供热企业活动产生重大影响的外部环境的一部分。在住宅公共领域的课程中,存在一个训练样本和两个测试样本的问题。此外,在分析市场的过程中,我们发现了供热服务需求的新形式——损失需求和未付需求。在建立的依赖关系的基础上,我们建立了一个面向营销层面的供热公司消费者行为预测模型。在此模型的帮助下,通过对其补充和修改,我们建立了顿涅茨克地区供热企业战略管理的复杂模型,使我们能够在情景分析的基础上分析使用一种或另一种战略管理杠杆的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Biznes Informatika-Business Informatics
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