Review of: The Album of the World Emperor: Cross-Cultural Collecting and the Art of Album-Making in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul, Emine Fetvaci (2019) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 296 pp., 126 colour illus., ISBN: 9780691189154, $65 (hardback)
{"title":"The Album of the World Emperor: Cross-Cultural Collecting and the Art of Album-Making in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul, Emine Fetvaci (2019)","authors":"C. Woodhead","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00087_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00087_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: The Album of the World Emperor: Cross-Cultural Collecting and the Art of Album-Making in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul, Emine Fetvaci (2019)\u0000Princeton: Princeton University Press, 296 pp., 126 colour illus.,\u0000ISBN: 9780691189154, $65 (hardback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To the field of professional architecture in Europe in the aftermath of World War II, the deserts of Western Africa were a margin that was viewed as an exterior to the modern metropolis and as a realm of escapism. However, to the ethnographic practices that had developed since the late 1800s, the notion of a desert hinterland supposed a primordial land, reflected in forms of habitation. For architects Herman Haan (1914–96) and Aldo van Eyck (1918–99), the desert was a tense geography that moved between being outside and at home. Revisiting the diaries from Haan and van Eyck’s journeys and their mediation of ethnographic methodologies alongside their engagement with modernist design, this article proposes that Haan’s impressions connect two seemingly opposite contexts: the Dogon lands on the Niger River, and Rotterdam. I argue that, in the architectural and ethnographic amateurism of Haan, the modernist metropolis and its exteriors were not delimited, distinct realms, but were rather engaged in a fluctuating relationship reflective of the contemporary fascination with post-Eurocentric landscapes in the discipline of architecture. I assert that this process of immersion was in fact a process of internalization of spatial experience.
对于二战后欧洲的专业建筑领域来说，西非的沙漠被视为现代大都市的外部和逃避现实的领域。然而，对于自19世纪后期以来发展起来的民族志实践来说，沙漠腹地的概念被认为是原始的土地，反映在居住形式上。对于建筑师Herman Haan(1914-96)和Aldo van Eyck(1918-99)来说，沙漠是一个紧张的地理环境，在室外和室内之间移动。回顾Haan和van Eyck的旅行日记，以及他们对人种学方法的诠释，以及他们对现代主义设计的参与，本文提出Haan的印象将两个看似相反的背景联系在一起:多根人在尼日尔河上登陆，以及鹿特丹。我认为，在Haan的建筑和民族志业余主义中，现代主义大都市及其外部并不是划定的，不同的领域，而是一种波动的关系，反映了当代对建筑学科中后欧洲中心景观的迷恋。我断言，这种沉浸的过程实际上是空间体验的内化过程。
{"title":"Ex Africa Aliquid Novum [There is something new coming from Africa]: Herman Haan and Aldo van Eyck’s Journeys in a Pseudo-Ethnographic Vein","authors":"Álvaro Velasco Pérez","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00084_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00084_1","url":null,"abstract":"To the field of professional architecture in Europe in the aftermath of World War II, the deserts of Western Africa were a margin that was viewed as an exterior to the modern metropolis and as a realm of escapism. However, to the ethnographic practices that had developed since the late 1800s, the notion of a desert hinterland supposed a primordial land, reflected in forms of habitation. For architects Herman Haan (1914–96) and Aldo van Eyck (1918–99), the desert was a tense geography that moved between being outside and at home. Revisiting the diaries from Haan and van Eyck’s journeys and their mediation of ethnographic methodologies alongside their engagement with modernist design, this article proposes that Haan’s impressions connect two seemingly opposite contexts: the Dogon lands on the Niger River, and Rotterdam. I argue that, in the architectural and ethnographic amateurism of Haan, the modernist metropolis and its exteriors were not delimited, distinct realms, but were rather engaged in a fluctuating relationship reflective of the contemporary fascination with post-Eurocentric landscapes in the discipline of architecture. I assert that this process of immersion was in fact a process of internalization of spatial experience.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, Ed. Keelan Overton (2020) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 468 pp., 144 colour illus., ISBN: 9780253048912, $36.00 (paperback) The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India, Pushkar Sohoni (2018; 2021) London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2018, 320 pp., 121 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781784537944, £28.99 (hardback) London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi and Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2021, ISBN: 9780755606795, £28.99 (paperback)
{"title":"Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, Ed. Keelan Overton (2020)","authors":"L. Parodi","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00086_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00086_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation, Ed. Keelan Overton (2020)\u0000Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 468 pp., 144 colour illus.,\u0000ISBN: 9780253048912, $36.00 (paperback)\u0000 \u0000\u0000The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India, Pushkar Sohoni (2018; 2021)\u0000London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2018, 320 pp., 121 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781784537944, £28.99 (hardback)\u0000London, Oxford, New York, New Delhi and Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2021, ISBN: 9780755606795, £28.99 (paperback)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article adopts a horizontally integrative approach to understanding Islamic architecture in the traditionally excluded geography of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is literally and figuratively left off the map of the so-called ‘Muslim world’ and there is very little about its mezquitas (mosques) or the Andalusian legacy in its built environment in the published record of Islamic architectures, sites, and responses. I argue, based on my ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in 2015–17 and 2019–21, that Puerto Rican Muslims counter their multiple marginalizations – identifying as Muslim in the Puerto Rican community, Puerto Rican in the Muslim community, and both Muslim and Puerto Rican in the context of the American empire – through various architectural responses. To make this argument, I discuss the physical landscape of Islamic architecture in Puerto Rico, including innovative and adaptive spaces constructed in protest of the elitism found in certain mezquitas, and locales where Andalusian architectural influence is readily visible. This leads to my critical examination of how the diverse, dynamic, and vernacular architectural responses of Puerto Rican Muslims speak to each of their minoritizations.
{"title":"‘A Place of Our Own’: Puerto Rican Muslims and Their Architectural Responses as Quadruple Minorities","authors":"Ken Chitwood","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00080_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00080_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article adopts a horizontally integrative approach to understanding Islamic architecture in the traditionally excluded geography of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is literally and figuratively left off the map of the so-called ‘Muslim world’ and there is very little about its mezquitas (mosques) or the Andalusian legacy in its built environment in the published record of Islamic architectures, sites, and responses. I argue, based on my ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in 2015–17 and 2019–21, that Puerto Rican Muslims counter their multiple marginalizations – identifying as Muslim in the Puerto Rican community, Puerto Rican in the Muslim community, and both Muslim and Puerto Rican in the context of the American empire – through various architectural responses. To make this argument, I discuss the physical landscape of Islamic architecture in Puerto Rico, including innovative and adaptive spaces constructed in protest of the elitism found in certain mezquitas, and locales where Andalusian architectural influence is readily visible. This leads to my critical examination of how the diverse, dynamic, and vernacular architectural responses of Puerto Rican Muslims speak to each of their minoritizations.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses how the narrative of Turkish national historiography, crafted by Turkish elites in the 1930s in light of the official doctrine of the Turkish History Thesis and the Sun Language Thesis, attempted to Turkify the patronage of historical buildings constructed by diverse ethnic and religious communities of the country’s eastern region. I focus on the architectural production of the seven Kurdish dynasties that ruled a large area in the Middle East from the tenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Kurdish rulers constructed a large number of urban monuments bearing their names. These sites were appropriated into the Turkish national historiography in a denial of their Kurdish origins. This approach to history has rendered Kurdish material culture all but invisible, pushing the understanding of Kurdish architectural patronage and identity to the academic margins. This study aims to develop an alternative approach to the history of urban and architectural production in eastern and south-eastern Turkey, and opens a discussion for a definition of Kurdish art and architecture.
{"title":"Ideology, Nationalism, and Architecture: Representations of Kurdish Sites in Turkish Art Historiography","authors":"Birgül Açıkyıldız","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00082_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00082_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how the narrative of Turkish national historiography, crafted by Turkish elites in the 1930s in light of the official doctrine of the Turkish History Thesis and the Sun Language Thesis, attempted to Turkify the patronage of historical buildings constructed by diverse ethnic and religious communities of the country’s eastern region. I focus on the architectural production of the seven Kurdish dynasties that ruled a large area in the Middle East from the tenth to the mid-nineteenth century. Kurdish rulers constructed a large number of urban monuments bearing their names. These sites were appropriated into the Turkish national historiography in a denial of their Kurdish origins. This approach to history has rendered Kurdish material culture all but invisible, pushing the understanding of Kurdish architectural patronage and identity to the academic margins. This study aims to develop an alternative approach to the history of urban and architectural production in eastern and south-eastern Turkey, and opens a discussion for a definition of Kurdish art and architecture.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Sea and Sky: Blue and White Ceramics from Persia and Beyond, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, November 21, 2020–May 31, 2021","authors":"Julie Timte","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00092_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00092_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66715290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regime Change, Historians of Islamic Art Association Biennial Symposium, Online, April 15–18, 2021","authors":"Alex Brey","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00093_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00093_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49194279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marginalized communities use, adapt, and produce architectures in hinterland spaces in response to geographical, environmental, social, nationalist, and other political forces. Scholarly discourse and approaches to architectural practice may likewise be formed and coerced through marginalization. The hinterland, as the outlying territory beyond the urban or geographical centre, is the physical manifestation of these forces that shape the social margins. At times, architecture is itself a marginalizing actor, and at others, it becomes the site of resistance and negotiation, providing spatial agency and autonomy, and facilitating distributive justice in regard to services and resources. In the hinterland, new architectures are created, pre-existing spaces are destroyed and re-made, and movement, change, and adaptation are given momentum. This article introduces the special issue on hinterland forces. I categorize architectural responses, both in architecture made and used by those in power to control marginal populations, and created by and for marginalized people. This is followed by a summary of the multi-field perspectives and scholarly methods of the contributing authors. The discussion focuses on architectural matters relevant to Islamic societies in several global regions, but the socio-spatial questions and associated responsibilities are relevant to practitioners and scholars in all architectural fields.
{"title":"Hinterland Forces: Architectural Responses at the Margins","authors":"Angela Andersen","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00078_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00078_2","url":null,"abstract":"Marginalized communities use, adapt, and produce architectures in hinterland spaces in response to geographical, environmental, social, nationalist, and other political forces. Scholarly discourse and approaches to architectural practice may likewise be formed and coerced through marginalization. The hinterland, as the outlying territory beyond the urban or geographical centre, is the physical manifestation of these forces that shape the social margins. At times, architecture is itself a marginalizing actor, and at others, it becomes the site of resistance and negotiation, providing spatial agency and autonomy, and facilitating distributive justice in regard to services and resources. In the hinterland, new architectures are created, pre-existing spaces are destroyed and re-made, and movement, change, and adaptation are given momentum. This article introduces the special issue on hinterland forces. I categorize architectural responses, both in architecture made and used by those in power to control marginal populations, and created by and for marginalized people. This is followed by a summary of the multi-field perspectives and scholarly methods of the contributing authors. The discussion focuses on architectural matters relevant to Islamic societies in several global regions, but the socio-spatial questions and associated responsibilities are relevant to practitioners and scholars in all architectural fields.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban research on Bengal has emphasized colonial Calcutta (postcolonial Kolkata) and its hinterland, paying less attention to precolonial centres and processes of urbanization. Between the thirteenth and the early eighteenth centuries, the trading village of Kalikata lay on the coastal margin of Bengal. The regional capitals of the Sultanate and Mughal periods were located further inland at Gour, Pandua, Rajmahal, Dhaka, and Murshidabad, in the hinterlands of imperial capitals in the Delhi region. Bengal capitals changed frequently with fluvial and geopolitical conditions, which had implications for their economic and architectural development. Coastal trading settlements competed with one another in commercial and military matters, which established a new hinterland by the late eighteenth century, with ‘hinterland’ defined as the economic catchment region of the maritime port of Calcutta. This article retraces these processes from chronicles, revenue records, and archaeological surveys. Our examination concludes with the national eclipse of Calcutta by New Delhi in the early twentieth century, and the prospect of climate-driven retreat to inland capitals in Bengal in a twenty-first-century shift that would resemble urban patterns of the precolonial era.
{"title":"Hinterland of a Hinterland: The Changing Capital Cities of Sultanate and Mughal Bengal","authors":"J. Wescoat, Rio Fischer","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00079_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00079_1","url":null,"abstract":"Urban research on Bengal has emphasized colonial Calcutta (postcolonial Kolkata) and its hinterland, paying less attention to precolonial centres and processes of urbanization. Between the thirteenth and the early eighteenth centuries, the trading village of Kalikata lay on the coastal margin of Bengal. The regional capitals of the Sultanate and Mughal periods were located further inland at Gour, Pandua, Rajmahal, Dhaka, and Murshidabad, in the hinterlands of imperial capitals in the Delhi region. Bengal capitals changed frequently with fluvial and geopolitical conditions, which had implications for their economic and architectural development. Coastal trading settlements competed with one another in commercial and military matters, which established a new hinterland by the late eighteenth century, with ‘hinterland’ defined as the economic catchment region of the maritime port of Calcutta. This article retraces these processes from chronicles, revenue records, and archaeological surveys. Our examination concludes with the national eclipse of Calcutta by New Delhi in the early twentieth century, and the prospect of climate-driven retreat to inland capitals in Bengal in a twenty-first-century shift that would resemble urban patterns of the precolonial era.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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