This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus, such an assessment is required to understand its values and unique artefacts. However, rather than determine the role of the Angke Mosque within its ever-changing context. As pointed out in the cultural significance assessment process, the article reveals the importance of recording and digitizing knowledge to comprehend the past, present, and future. Moreover, the appreciation might be understood differently due to the current urban dynamic. The assessment of the cultural significance of the Angke Mosque needs to accommodate community participation and a multidisciplinary approach to understanding architectural heritage, driven by the paradigm shift from a physical-based to a value-based system.
{"title":"Notes on Assessment of Cultural Significance of the 18th-Century Old Mosque: A Case Study of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque Jakarta","authors":"Atie Ernawati Aziz, W. Martokusumo","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.16931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.16931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus, such an assessment is required to understand its values and unique artefacts. However, rather than determine the role of the Angke Mosque within its ever-changing context. As pointed out in the cultural significance assessment process, the article reveals the importance of recording and digitizing knowledge to comprehend the past, present, and future. Moreover, the appreciation might be understood differently due to the current urban dynamic. The assessment of the cultural significance of the Angke Mosque needs to accommodate community participation and a multidisciplinary approach to understanding architectural heritage, driven by the paradigm shift from a physical-based to a value-based system. ","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86916892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proportion and scale of humans in the building are one of the invoices in shaping the beauty and effectiveness of the function of the building. In architecture, there is a golden ratio as a reference for calculating the proportions of a shape. While in Indonesia, especially in Java and Bali, there is a traditional measurement method for developing a building, using body anatomy measurements. This study uses the Golden Ratio and Traditional Measurement methods to analyze the dimensions of the prayer room at the Great Mosque in East Java with case studies of the Lamongan Great Mosque, Tuban Great Mosque, and Gresik Jamee Mosque. The results obtained from this study for the dimensions of the existing prayer room with the largest percentage approaching the golden ratio are the prayer room of the Great Mosque of Lamongan (82%), and the smallest is the Jami Gresik Mosque (61.8%). While the dimensions of the prayer room need adjustments to be more effective in meeting the human scale in performing prayers, traditional measurement methods that approach modern measurements use "kilan" and "hasta." From these results, it is hoped that in the future, mosque planning can pay attention to the proportions and dimensions of the human scale, both with modern and traditional measurements, which are the local wisdom of the local culture.
{"title":"Studying the Human Scale and Proportionality of Great Mosque in Jawa Timur, Indonesia","authors":"Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja, Izudinshah Abd Wahab","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17382","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion and scale of humans in the building are one of the invoices in shaping the beauty and effectiveness of the function of the building. In architecture, there is a golden ratio as a reference for calculating the proportions of a shape. While in Indonesia, especially in Java and Bali, there is a traditional measurement method for developing a building, using body anatomy measurements. This study uses the Golden Ratio and Traditional Measurement methods to analyze the dimensions of the prayer room at the Great Mosque in East Java with case studies of the Lamongan Great Mosque, Tuban Great Mosque, and Gresik Jamee Mosque. The results obtained from this study for the dimensions of the existing prayer room with the largest percentage approaching the golden ratio are the prayer room of the Great Mosque of Lamongan (82%), and the smallest is the Jami Gresik Mosque (61.8%). While the dimensions of the prayer room need adjustments to be more effective in meeting the human scale in performing prayers, traditional measurement methods that approach modern measurements use \"kilan\" and \"hasta.\" From these results, it is hoped that in the future, mosque planning can pay attention to the proportions and dimensions of the human scale, both with modern and traditional measurements, which are the local wisdom of the local culture.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74999129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A traditional mosque is a form of conformity between the design and the climate. The warm humid climate in Indonesia characterizes the environment, which is quite challenging to work with. The traditional mosque, with the uniqueness of the roof design, allows the application of a natural ventilation system that can work effectively in circulating air to reduce the effect of heat in the room. However, the application of the design has rarely been found in modern mosques due to the widespread use of the dome. This study appraised Tgk Dianjong Mosque, one of the old mosques in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The old mosque was modified by replacing the roof material and ventilation. This study aims to appraise the indoor thermal comfort of the mosque considering the application of natural ventilation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with research data collected through physical measurements, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The collected data were analyzed using the CET (Corrected Effective Temperature) index and assessed based on SNI 03-6572-2001. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine how much wind speed influences the thermal condition of the mosque. The study was conducted for two days, with the selected time being in the morning, afternoon, and evening to obtain more varied data. This study performs that the renovation of replacing the roof ventilation with fixed glass would contribute to the lack of airspeed throughout the mosque. The old material of the roof, i.e., leaf grass, was displaced with a metal roof, creating a highly effective temperature and hence indicated as uncomfortable.
{"title":"An Appraisal of Indoor Thermal Comfort in a Naturally Ventilated Modified Old Mosque in Banda Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"R. Novita, L. H. Sari, A. Ariatsyah","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17131","url":null,"abstract":"A traditional mosque is a form of conformity between the design and the climate. The warm humid climate in Indonesia characterizes the environment, which is quite challenging to work with. The traditional mosque, with the uniqueness of the roof design, allows the application of a natural ventilation system that can work effectively in circulating air to reduce the effect of heat in the room. However, the application of the design has rarely been found in modern mosques due to the widespread use of the dome. This study appraised Tgk Dianjong Mosque, one of the old mosques in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The old mosque was modified by replacing the roof material and ventilation. This study aims to appraise the indoor thermal comfort of the mosque considering the application of natural ventilation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with research data collected through physical measurements, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The collected data were analyzed using the CET (Corrected Effective Temperature) index and assessed based on SNI 03-6572-2001. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine how much wind speed influences the thermal condition of the mosque. The study was conducted for two days, with the selected time being in the morning, afternoon, and evening to obtain more varied data. This study performs that the renovation of replacing the roof ventilation with fixed glass would contribute to the lack of airspeed throughout the mosque. The old material of the roof, i.e., leaf grass, was displaced with a metal roof, creating a highly effective temperature and hence indicated as uncomfortable.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81435625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukman Fajariyah, Abdul Halim, Nur Rohman, M. Anwar, Abraham Zakky Zulhasmi
This article examines and explores Islamic visions of environmental architecture and traditional Javanese houses (joglo) from the Qur'anic perspective. This qualitative research with a descriptive method seeks to analyse the values and Islamic vision of the Joglo house architecture by exploring several data sources, both field data and literature data. The results of this study indicate that the architectural elements of the joglo house contain philosophical ideas that are relevant to the Islamic visions in the Qur'an, such as; pendapa (containing the philosophical meaning of the openness principle), pringgitan (principle of equality), dalem (principle of privacy), senthong (principle of respect), gandok (principle of food security), and pawon (use of firewood) as for the suitability of philosophical ideas with the Islamic vision in the architectural elements of the environment, namely sawo (containing the philosophical meaning of the goodness principle), jambu dersono (the principle of sharing), belimbing lingsir (the principle of remembering God), papaya (the principle of self-introspection), and beringin (the principle of knowing the origin). In short, the joglo house building reflects a house that can adapt to the environment and nature. Therefore, joglo is a representation of house architecture that can combine natural elements that are outward and inward, thus creating a comprehensive and balanced religious value.
{"title":"Exploring Islamic Vision on the Environmental Architecture of Traditional Javanese Landscape: Study of Thematic Tafseer Perspective","authors":"Lukman Fajariyah, Abdul Halim, Nur Rohman, M. Anwar, Abraham Zakky Zulhasmi","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17755","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines and explores Islamic visions of environmental architecture and traditional Javanese houses (joglo) from the Qur'anic perspective. This qualitative research with a descriptive method seeks to analyse the values and Islamic vision of the Joglo house architecture by exploring several data sources, both field data and literature data. The results of this study indicate that the architectural elements of the joglo house contain philosophical ideas that are relevant to the Islamic visions in the Qur'an, such as; pendapa (containing the philosophical meaning of the openness principle), pringgitan (principle of equality), dalem (principle of privacy), senthong (principle of respect), gandok (principle of food security), and pawon (use of firewood) as for the suitability of philosophical ideas with the Islamic vision in the architectural elements of the environment, namely sawo (containing the philosophical meaning of the goodness principle), jambu dersono (the principle of sharing), belimbing lingsir (the principle of remembering God), papaya (the principle of self-introspection), and beringin (the principle of knowing the origin). In short, the joglo house building reflects a house that can adapt to the environment and nature. Therefore, joglo is a representation of house architecture that can combine natural elements that are outward and inward, thus creating a comprehensive and balanced religious value.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87040064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gedung Sate was built to accommodate various architectural styles derived from local and foreign elements. The local elements have been widely studied, such as those relating to the architecture of the 'Candi' on the island of Java. Many external elements are associated with the Moorish European style and that of the Dutch. However, according to the elements, it also indicates the existence of Indian Islamic architecture, the Mughal style. This study of the Islamic elements of Mughal India has not been pursued or presented any further. This study aims to identify the traces of Islamic architecture in the Gedung Sate, especially those derived from the Mughal, Moorish and local styles. This research method used a qualitative approach by studying the morphology of Gedung Sate and Mughal or Moorish buildings to identify the relationship between their architectural elements. The results show that Gedung Sate does indeed show the use of Mughal architectural elements, especially in the outer layout and mass, processing of the figure section, and the ornamental exterior column, while the Moorish influence is more visible in the processing of curved elements and column heads and slender interior columns showing light elements. The idea of using Islamic architecture is carried out to represent the splendor in the typology of new buildings in the prospective capital city of the Netherlands Indies, namely Bandung. Indian architecture is used as a reference because it is considered to have a close relationship with Candi as an important resource in Java.
{"title":"Traces of Islamic Architecture in the Design of the 'Gedung Sate' in Bandung","authors":"R. P. Herwindo","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.16932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.16932","url":null,"abstract":"Gedung Sate was built to accommodate various architectural styles derived from local and foreign elements. The local elements have been widely studied, such as those relating to the architecture of the 'Candi' on the island of Java. Many external elements are associated with the Moorish European style and that of the Dutch. However, according to the elements, it also indicates the existence of Indian Islamic architecture, the Mughal style. This study of the Islamic elements of Mughal India has not been pursued or presented any further. This study aims to identify the traces of Islamic architecture in the Gedung Sate, especially those derived from the Mughal, Moorish and local styles. This research method used a qualitative approach by studying the morphology of Gedung Sate and Mughal or Moorish buildings to identify the relationship between their architectural elements. The results show that Gedung Sate does indeed show the use of Mughal architectural elements, especially in the outer layout and mass, processing of the figure section, and the ornamental exterior column, while the Moorish influence is more visible in the processing of curved elements and column heads and slender interior columns showing light elements. The idea of using Islamic architecture is carried out to represent the splendor in the typology of new buildings in the prospective capital city of the Netherlands Indies, namely Bandung. Indian architecture is used as a reference because it is considered to have a close relationship with Candi as an important resource in Java.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adolescents have different psychological conditions and spend a lot of time in boarding schools because they must live in Islamic boarding schools where many rules and activities must be followed. The research method used in this case study is a qualitative method which consists of a survey, literature review, and data analysis. A spatial approach is taken to "read" the user of space in understanding the spaces that trigger negative psychological conditions. Negative psychological conditions were understood through interviews and literature studies. The Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman case study has students aged 12-15 years. At the Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman, it is necessary to pay attention to things that are based on the character and psychology of the students to create a calming, comfortable and safe environment for students who are experiencing cognitive development and changes in psychological conditions, so that students can feel at home and become more comfortable which can be taken into consideration in the design of the next pesantren. These conditions can be done by paying attention to the privacy area, creating stimulant and calming visual concepts and adding facilities to study rooms and communal areas to support the character of students who like to explore and do group activities.
青少年有不同的心理状况，在寄宿学校花很多时间，因为他们必须生活在伊斯兰寄宿学校，在那里必须遵守许多规则和活动。在本案例研究中使用的研究方法是一种定性方法，包括调查，文献回顾和数据分析。采用空间方法来“解读”空间使用者，以理解触发负面心理状况的空间。通过访谈和文献研究了解消极心理状况。Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman案例研究的学生年龄在12-15岁之间。在Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman，有必要根据学生的性格和心理来关注一些事情，为正在经历认知发展和心理状况变化的学生创造一个平静、舒适和安全的环境，让学生有宾至如归的感觉，变得更加舒适，这可以在下一个Pesantren的设计中考虑到。这些条件可以通过关注隐私区域来实现，创造刺激和平静的视觉概念，并在自习室和公共区域增加设施，以支持喜欢探索和做小组活动的学生的性格。
{"title":"Applying the Psychological of Space in Islamic Boarding School (Case Study: Pesantren Al Mahshyar Nurul Iman)","authors":"Reza Amalia Fitriani, D. Murdowo, W. Liritantri","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17436","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents have different psychological conditions and spend a lot of time in boarding schools because they must live in Islamic boarding schools where many rules and activities must be followed. The research method used in this case study is a qualitative method which consists of a survey, literature review, and data analysis. A spatial approach is taken to \"read\" the user of space in understanding the spaces that trigger negative psychological conditions. Negative psychological conditions were understood through interviews and literature studies. The Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman case study has students aged 12-15 years. At the Pesantren Al Mahsyar Nurul Iman, it is necessary to pay attention to things that are based on the character and psychology of the students to create a calming, comfortable and safe environment for students who are experiencing cognitive development and changes in psychological conditions, so that students can feel at home and become more comfortable which can be taken into consideration in the design of the next pesantren. These conditions can be done by paying attention to the privacy area, creating stimulant and calming visual concepts and adding facilities to study rooms and communal areas to support the character of students who like to explore and do group activities.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78299590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Ahsani, S. Ismail, Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah, Ali Al-Ameen
The Jameh Mosque of Varamin is one of the few structures manifesting a transformation from Iranian architecture toward Iranian-Islamic architecture. The study presented here tries to deal with some of the geometric principles implemented by Iranian architects to express the concept of unity. The research decodes the sacred architectural elements and illustrates the ideas used to design the Jameh Mosque of Varamin from different aspects. In the first step, geometric principles such as dynamic rectangles, the golden ratio, and the lute of Pythagoras have been discussed. In the second step, the mentioned geometric principles are adapted to the architectural documents of the building. In addition, the general form of the building and the location of the dome are determined, and the hierarchy beginning from the Mosque's entrance to the dome has been analyzed. The results show that the architects tried to induce unity and monotheism through sacred geometry in a predetermined hierarchy. Also, Findings indicate that the Jameh Mosque of Varamin can be considered the intersection of Iranian architectural ideals adapted and integrated with Islamic principles.
{"title":"The Sense of Unity in the Jameh Mosque of Varamin: A Geometric Analysis","authors":"Majid Ahsani, S. Ismail, Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah, Ali Al-Ameen","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.20945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.20945","url":null,"abstract":"The Jameh Mosque of Varamin is one of the few structures manifesting a transformation from Iranian architecture toward Iranian-Islamic architecture. The study presented here tries to deal with some of the geometric principles implemented by Iranian architects to express the concept of unity. The research decodes the sacred architectural elements and illustrates the ideas used to design the Jameh Mosque of Varamin from different aspects. In the first step, geometric principles such as dynamic rectangles, the golden ratio, and the lute of Pythagoras have been discussed. In the second step, the mentioned geometric principles are adapted to the architectural documents of the building. In addition, the general form of the building and the location of the dome are determined, and the hierarchy beginning from the Mosque's entrance to the dome has been analyzed. The results show that the architects tried to induce unity and monotheism through sacred geometry in a predetermined hierarchy. Also, Findings indicate that the Jameh Mosque of Varamin can be considered the intersection of Iranian architectural ideals adapted and integrated with Islamic principles.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80760325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conceptualization of Western architecture became a prominent force in Ottoman architecture with the advent of the period of westernization that started at the beginning of the eighteenth century during the Tulip Era (1718-1730). The most important cultural dynamic that changed the course of Ottoman architecture was the imported architectural styles that originated in Europe. Welcoming the western influence became a state policy that persevered throughout the nineteenth century. In this century, the western-based architectural perspective of the Armenian-Ottoman Balyan Family came to the forefront. The Balyan Family of architects created an original architectural language by blending the elements of western and traditional architecture, justifiably imprinting their stamp on the Ottoman architecture of the nineteenth century. While predominantly producing civil and official buildings, the Balyan Family's mosques also stood out in this period with their new design features. This article seeks to present and analyze the arrangements and elements of the facades of eight mosques built by the Balyan Family in the 19th century, namely the Büyük Mecidiye Mosque, Küçük Mecidiye Mosque, Dolmabahçe Mosque, Nusretiye Mosque, Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, Teşvikiye Mosque, and Sadabad Mosque.
随着18世纪初郁金香时代(1718-1730)开始的西化时期的到来，西方建筑的概念化成为奥斯曼建筑中的一股突出力量。改变奥斯曼建筑进程的最重要的文化动力是源自欧洲的外来建筑风格。欢迎西方的影响成为一项贯穿整个19世纪的国策。在本世纪，以西方为基础的亚美尼亚-奥斯曼巴尔扬家族的建筑观点走到了最前沿。巴尔扬家族的建筑师通过融合西方和传统建筑的元素，创造了一种原创的建筑语言，理所当然地在19世纪的奥斯曼建筑上留下了他们的印记。在主要生产民用和官方建筑的同时，巴尔扬家族的清真寺也以其新的设计特色在这一时期脱颖而出。本文试图呈现和分析巴尔扬家族在19世纪建造的八座清真寺的立面布置和元素，分别是:b yy k Mecidiye清真寺、k k Mecidiye清真寺、dolmabahe清真寺、Nusretiye清真寺、Yıldız Hamidiye清真寺、Pertevniyal Valide苏丹清真寺、te vikiye清真寺和Sadabad清真寺。
{"title":"Reflections of the Ottoman Period of Westernization in Religious Architecture: Facade Arrangement of the Balyan Mosques","authors":"A. Erarslan","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.20630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.20630","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptualization of Western architecture became a prominent force in Ottoman architecture with the advent of the period of westernization that started at the beginning of the eighteenth century during the Tulip Era (1718-1730). The most important cultural dynamic that changed the course of Ottoman architecture was the imported architectural styles that originated in Europe. Welcoming the western influence became a state policy that persevered throughout the nineteenth century. In this century, the western-based architectural perspective of the Armenian-Ottoman Balyan Family came to the forefront. The Balyan Family of architects created an original architectural language by blending the elements of western and traditional architecture, justifiably imprinting their stamp on the Ottoman architecture of the nineteenth century. While predominantly producing civil and official buildings, the Balyan Family's mosques also stood out in this period with their new design features. This article seeks to present and analyze the arrangements and elements of the facades of eight mosques built by the Balyan Family in the 19th century, namely the Büyük Mecidiye Mosque, Küçük Mecidiye Mosque, Dolmabahçe Mosque, Nusretiye Mosque, Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, Teşvikiye Mosque, and Sadabad Mosque. ","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73851362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research tackles the architectural typology of mosques built by religious associations in Algeria, which is a timeless issue. Despite the specific legislation of the new mosques' architectural typology, random or fanciful architectures in the field are considered Islamic Architecture. Our research aims to analyze mosque architectural data and report all the architectural and architectonic elements identified in two Algerian wilayas as a case study. It is then to classify and define the authentic typologies of Maghrebi, Ottoman mosques, or any other developed by specialists in Islamic architecture and art, especially if the platform is linked with the general inventory of Islamic architecture accredited by UNESCO. The concept of creating the platform starts with an inventory of mosques, and it is then developed to list various criteria for classifying mosques. Thus, a flexible filtering system is implemented to help perform multi-criteria analysis and visualize results in a geographic interface. This platform can meet several objectives in many research fields and be adapted for buildings other than mosques. Furthermore, the platform will serve as a basis for researchers and students, the Directorates of Religious Affairs, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs to analyze the architectural data of mosques.
{"title":"New Mosques Architectural Platform: Digitalised Inventory and Analysis for Mosques Referencing","authors":"Imadeddine Khoukhi, Dalila Senhadji, Merwan Zine Elabidine Hellal","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.21060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.21060","url":null,"abstract":"This research tackles the architectural typology of mosques built by religious associations in Algeria, which is a timeless issue. Despite the specific legislation of the new mosques' architectural typology, random or fanciful architectures in the field are considered Islamic Architecture. Our research aims to analyze mosque architectural data and report all the architectural and architectonic elements identified in two Algerian wilayas as a case study. It is then to classify and define the authentic typologies of Maghrebi, Ottoman mosques, or any other developed by specialists in Islamic architecture and art, especially if the platform is linked with the general inventory of Islamic architecture accredited by UNESCO. The concept of creating the platform starts with an inventory of mosques, and it is then developed to list various criteria for classifying mosques. Thus, a flexible filtering system is implemented to help perform multi-criteria analysis and visualize results in a geographic interface. This platform can meet several objectives in many research fields and be adapted for buildings other than mosques. Furthermore, the platform will serve as a basis for researchers and students, the Directorates of Religious Affairs, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs to analyze the architectural data of mosques.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83254264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Muslim society, the understanding of hijab varies, so the implications for space also vary. Socially, this is possible due to differences in the interpretation of the Qur'an and its implementation. Many Muslim societies operate spatial practices related to clothes and religion, and using clothing as a physical boundary reflects how a person responds to outsiders in their dwelling. The privacy zone in Muslim dwellings can be mapped through the clothing practices found there. This study uses case studies of privacy in six Muslim dwellings as seen through occupants' various clothing practices, from wearing no hijab to wearing hijab with niqab. The study found that the privacy boundaries in Muslim dwellings follow different rules in terms of privacy zones than those of general privacy and investigates the way Muslim women's clothing practices become an expression of spatial boundaries in everyday life. This study suggests the importance for designers of dwellings to consider the beliefs and cultures of inhabitants, including those related to privacy zones based on religious beliefs.
{"title":"Clothes as a Spatial Border: Considering Privacy Boundaries in Indonesian Muslim Dwelling","authors":"S. H. Siwi","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.19757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.19757","url":null,"abstract":"In Muslim society, the understanding of hijab varies, so the implications for space also vary. Socially, this is possible due to differences in the interpretation of the Qur'an and its implementation. Many Muslim societies operate spatial practices related to clothes and religion, and using clothing as a physical boundary reflects how a person responds to outsiders in their dwelling. The privacy zone in Muslim dwellings can be mapped through the clothing practices found there. This study uses case studies of privacy in six Muslim dwellings as seen through occupants' various clothing practices, from wearing no hijab to wearing hijab with niqab. The study found that the privacy boundaries in Muslim dwellings follow different rules in terms of privacy zones than those of general privacy and investigates the way Muslim women's clothing practices become an expression of spatial boundaries in everyday life. This study suggests the importance for designers of dwellings to consider the beliefs and cultures of inhabitants, including those related to privacy zones based on religious beliefs.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81106249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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