This article discusses the uses of mud in Central Asian cities with specific reference to this building material’s role in views on the Mongols’ westward conquests from 1219 to the 1250s. Outlining the patterns of construction, maintenance, and reconstruction of earthen architecture, I consider how the Mongol conquests would have impacted the urban occupation of cities that relied on this building material with a focus on examples from Merv, Turkmenistan, and Otrar, Kazakhstan. Given the need for continuous maintenance to mud-brick architecture to prevent decay, and the difficulties of reversing this process once it has begun, I argue that depopulation resulting from the Mongol conquest campaigns would have impacted the urban fabric more significantly than any deliberate demolition by invading Mongol armies. Based on archaeological analysis, I discuss the practicalities and difficulties of reusing mud as a building material to show that the abandonment of buildings and cities can be a conscious, pragmatic response to erosion or a shifting water supply rather than a catastrophic event. I conclude that thirteenth-century accounts describing the urban devastation and demolition of Central Asian cities should be reconsidered to include the collateral impact of the flight of populations and environmental change, as evidenced in the archaeological record.
{"title":"The Impact of the Mongol Conquests on Earthen Cities in Central Asia","authors":"Katie Campbell","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00118_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00118_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the uses of mud in Central Asian cities with specific reference to this building material’s role in views on the Mongols’ westward conquests from 1219 to the 1250s. Outlining the patterns of construction, maintenance, and reconstruction of earthen architecture, I consider how the Mongol conquests would have impacted the urban occupation of cities that relied on this building material with a focus on examples from Merv, Turkmenistan, and Otrar, Kazakhstan. Given the need for continuous maintenance to mud-brick architecture to prevent decay, and the difficulties of reversing this process once it has begun, I argue that depopulation resulting from the Mongol conquest campaigns would have impacted the urban fabric more significantly than any deliberate demolition by invading Mongol armies. Based on archaeological analysis, I discuss the practicalities and difficulties of reusing mud as a building material to show that the abandonment of buildings and cities can be a conscious, pragmatic response to erosion or a shifting water supply rather than a catastrophic event. I conclude that thirteenth-century accounts describing the urban devastation and demolition of Central Asian cities should be reconsidered to include the collateral impact of the flight of populations and environmental change, as evidenced in the archaeological record.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43735195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Saintly Spheres and Islamic Landscapes: Emplacements of Spiritual Power Across Time and Place, Daphna Ephrat, Ethel Sara Wolper, and Paulo G. Pinto, Eds (2021) Leiden: Brill, 537 pp., 21 b&w and 75 colour illus., ISBN: 9789004443655, $206 (cloth)
{"title":"Saintly Spheres and Islamic Landscapes: Emplacements of Spiritual Power Across Time and Place, Daphna Ephrat, Ethel Sara Wolper, and Paulo G. Pinto, Eds (2021)","authors":"Steve Tamari","doi":"10.1386/ijia_00119_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00119_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Saintly Spheres and Islamic Landscapes: Emplacements of Spiritual Power Across Time and Place, Daphna Ephrat, Ethel Sara Wolper, and Paulo G. Pinto, Eds (2021)\u0000 Leiden: Brill, 537 pp., 21 b&w and 75 colour illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 9789004443655, $206 (cloth)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.37862/aaeportal.00258.
M. Milwright
Review of: Building the Caliphate: Construction, Destruction, and Sectarian Identity in Early Fatimid Architecture, Jennifer Pruitt (2020) New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 216 pp., 19 b&w and 77 colour illus., ISBN: 9780300246827, $65 (cloth)
{"title":"\"Building the Caliphate: Construction, Destruction, and Sectarian Identity in Early Fatimid Architecture\"","authors":"M. Milwright","doi":"10.37862/aaeportal.00258.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00258.","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Building the Caliphate: Construction, Destruction, and Sectarian Identity in Early Fatimid Architecture, Jennifer Pruitt (2020)\u0000 New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 216 pp., 19 b&w and 77 colour illus.,\u0000 ISBN: 9780300246827, $65 (cloth)","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asia has a variety of diverse ancient cultures and civilizations. In this paper, we studied the architecture of a UNESCO tentative heritage site: Badshahi Mosque Lahore (BMLH, 1671–1673), built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir (AA). The site is special since it had the largest mosque title (human capacity = 100,000) in the world from 1673 to 1986, has great architectural importance, and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Various mosque architectures (MA) emerged over the past 1400 years worldwide to preserve each region's diversity, identity, and culture. A documentation visit was arranged to study this site and feel the real architecture of the Mughals after decades of preserved form. The study found that BMLH underwent significant alterations while keeping the original MA. This unique study further focused on the basic architecture of the Mughal Era. A detailed study of the architectural themes of BMLH showed that the architectural style of this heritage included regional, cultural, and traditional impacts. By analyzing the architectural themes and distinctive features of BMLH, we have uncovered the distinct regional, religious, and psychological influences that led to Mughal-era mosque architecture's development. Further documentation was reported about the current structural situation of Badshahi Mosque; the number of seepages has been pointed out, and several decays were sighted during our visit. For this significant site's perfect preservation, it was proposed that high-end preservation strategies be implemented in the future.
{"title":"Exploring the Architecture and Its Influence of Badshahi Mosque Lahore (Bmlh): A Unesco Tentative Heritage Site","authors":"S. Hussain, Fu Juan","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.20999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.20999","url":null,"abstract":"Asia has a variety of diverse ancient cultures and civilizations. In this paper, we studied the architecture of a UNESCO tentative heritage site: Badshahi Mosque Lahore (BMLH, 1671–1673), built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir (AA). The site is special since it had the largest mosque title (human capacity = 100,000) in the world from 1673 to 1986, has great architectural importance, and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Various mosque architectures (MA) emerged over the past 1400 years worldwide to preserve each region's diversity, identity, and culture. A documentation visit was arranged to study this site and feel the real architecture of the Mughals after decades of preserved form. The study found that BMLH underwent significant alterations while keeping the original MA. This unique study further focused on the basic architecture of the Mughal Era. A detailed study of the architectural themes of BMLH showed that the architectural style of this heritage included regional, cultural, and traditional impacts. By analyzing the architectural themes and distinctive features of BMLH, we have uncovered the distinct regional, religious, and psychological influences that led to Mughal-era mosque architecture's development. Further documentation was reported about the current structural situation of Badshahi Mosque; the number of seepages has been pointed out, and several decays were sighted during our visit. For this significant site's perfect preservation, it was proposed that high-end preservation strategies be implemented in the future.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86447578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus, such an assessment is required to understand its values and unique artefacts. However, rather than determine the role of the Angke Mosque within its ever-changing context. As pointed out in the cultural significance assessment process, the article reveals the importance of recording and digitizing knowledge to comprehend the past, present, and future. Moreover, the appreciation might be understood differently due to the current urban dynamic. The assessment of the cultural significance of the Angke Mosque needs to accommodate community participation and a multidisciplinary approach to understanding architectural heritage, driven by the paradigm shift from a physical-based to a value-based system.
{"title":"Notes on Assessment of Cultural Significance of the 18th-Century Old Mosque: A Case Study of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque Jakarta","authors":"Atie Ernawati Aziz, W. Martokusumo","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.16931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.16931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus, such an assessment is required to understand its values and unique artefacts. However, rather than determine the role of the Angke Mosque within its ever-changing context. As pointed out in the cultural significance assessment process, the article reveals the importance of recording and digitizing knowledge to comprehend the past, present, and future. Moreover, the appreciation might be understood differently due to the current urban dynamic. The assessment of the cultural significance of the Angke Mosque needs to accommodate community participation and a multidisciplinary approach to understanding architectural heritage, driven by the paradigm shift from a physical-based to a value-based system. ","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86916892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukman Fajariyah, Abdul Halim, Nur Rohman, M. Anwar, Abraham Zakky Zulhasmi
This article examines and explores Islamic visions of environmental architecture and traditional Javanese houses (joglo) from the Qur'anic perspective. This qualitative research with a descriptive method seeks to analyse the values and Islamic vision of the Joglo house architecture by exploring several data sources, both field data and literature data. The results of this study indicate that the architectural elements of the joglo house contain philosophical ideas that are relevant to the Islamic visions in the Qur'an, such as; pendapa (containing the philosophical meaning of the openness principle), pringgitan (principle of equality), dalem (principle of privacy), senthong (principle of respect), gandok (principle of food security), and pawon (use of firewood) as for the suitability of philosophical ideas with the Islamic vision in the architectural elements of the environment, namely sawo (containing the philosophical meaning of the goodness principle), jambu dersono (the principle of sharing), belimbing lingsir (the principle of remembering God), papaya (the principle of self-introspection), and beringin (the principle of knowing the origin). In short, the joglo house building reflects a house that can adapt to the environment and nature. Therefore, joglo is a representation of house architecture that can combine natural elements that are outward and inward, thus creating a comprehensive and balanced religious value.
{"title":"Exploring Islamic Vision on the Environmental Architecture of Traditional Javanese Landscape: Study of Thematic Tafseer Perspective","authors":"Lukman Fajariyah, Abdul Halim, Nur Rohman, M. Anwar, Abraham Zakky Zulhasmi","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17755","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines and explores Islamic visions of environmental architecture and traditional Javanese houses (joglo) from the Qur'anic perspective. This qualitative research with a descriptive method seeks to analyse the values and Islamic vision of the Joglo house architecture by exploring several data sources, both field data and literature data. The results of this study indicate that the architectural elements of the joglo house contain philosophical ideas that are relevant to the Islamic visions in the Qur'an, such as; pendapa (containing the philosophical meaning of the openness principle), pringgitan (principle of equality), dalem (principle of privacy), senthong (principle of respect), gandok (principle of food security), and pawon (use of firewood) as for the suitability of philosophical ideas with the Islamic vision in the architectural elements of the environment, namely sawo (containing the philosophical meaning of the goodness principle), jambu dersono (the principle of sharing), belimbing lingsir (the principle of remembering God), papaya (the principle of self-introspection), and beringin (the principle of knowing the origin). In short, the joglo house building reflects a house that can adapt to the environment and nature. Therefore, joglo is a representation of house architecture that can combine natural elements that are outward and inward, thus creating a comprehensive and balanced religious value.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87040064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A traditional mosque is a form of conformity between the design and the climate. The warm humid climate in Indonesia characterizes the environment, which is quite challenging to work with. The traditional mosque, with the uniqueness of the roof design, allows the application of a natural ventilation system that can work effectively in circulating air to reduce the effect of heat in the room. However, the application of the design has rarely been found in modern mosques due to the widespread use of the dome. This study appraised Tgk Dianjong Mosque, one of the old mosques in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The old mosque was modified by replacing the roof material and ventilation. This study aims to appraise the indoor thermal comfort of the mosque considering the application of natural ventilation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with research data collected through physical measurements, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The collected data were analyzed using the CET (Corrected Effective Temperature) index and assessed based on SNI 03-6572-2001. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine how much wind speed influences the thermal condition of the mosque. The study was conducted for two days, with the selected time being in the morning, afternoon, and evening to obtain more varied data. This study performs that the renovation of replacing the roof ventilation with fixed glass would contribute to the lack of airspeed throughout the mosque. The old material of the roof, i.e., leaf grass, was displaced with a metal roof, creating a highly effective temperature and hence indicated as uncomfortable.
{"title":"An Appraisal of Indoor Thermal Comfort in a Naturally Ventilated Modified Old Mosque in Banda Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"R. Novita, L. H. Sari, A. Ariatsyah","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17131","url":null,"abstract":"A traditional mosque is a form of conformity between the design and the climate. The warm humid climate in Indonesia characterizes the environment, which is quite challenging to work with. The traditional mosque, with the uniqueness of the roof design, allows the application of a natural ventilation system that can work effectively in circulating air to reduce the effect of heat in the room. However, the application of the design has rarely been found in modern mosques due to the widespread use of the dome. This study appraised Tgk Dianjong Mosque, one of the old mosques in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The old mosque was modified by replacing the roof material and ventilation. This study aims to appraise the indoor thermal comfort of the mosque considering the application of natural ventilation. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with research data collected through physical measurements, i.e., air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. The collected data were analyzed using the CET (Corrected Effective Temperature) index and assessed based on SNI 03-6572-2001. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine how much wind speed influences the thermal condition of the mosque. The study was conducted for two days, with the selected time being in the morning, afternoon, and evening to obtain more varied data. This study performs that the renovation of replacing the roof ventilation with fixed glass would contribute to the lack of airspeed throughout the mosque. The old material of the roof, i.e., leaf grass, was displaced with a metal roof, creating a highly effective temperature and hence indicated as uncomfortable.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81435625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proportion and scale of humans in the building are one of the invoices in shaping the beauty and effectiveness of the function of the building. In architecture, there is a golden ratio as a reference for calculating the proportions of a shape. While in Indonesia, especially in Java and Bali, there is a traditional measurement method for developing a building, using body anatomy measurements. This study uses the Golden Ratio and Traditional Measurement methods to analyze the dimensions of the prayer room at the Great Mosque in East Java with case studies of the Lamongan Great Mosque, Tuban Great Mosque, and Gresik Jamee Mosque. The results obtained from this study for the dimensions of the existing prayer room with the largest percentage approaching the golden ratio are the prayer room of the Great Mosque of Lamongan (82%), and the smallest is the Jami Gresik Mosque (61.8%). While the dimensions of the prayer room need adjustments to be more effective in meeting the human scale in performing prayers, traditional measurement methods that approach modern measurements use "kilan" and "hasta." From these results, it is hoped that in the future, mosque planning can pay attention to the proportions and dimensions of the human scale, both with modern and traditional measurements, which are the local wisdom of the local culture.
{"title":"Studying the Human Scale and Proportionality of Great Mosque in Jawa Timur, Indonesia","authors":"Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja, Izudinshah Abd Wahab","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.17382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.17382","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion and scale of humans in the building are one of the invoices in shaping the beauty and effectiveness of the function of the building. In architecture, there is a golden ratio as a reference for calculating the proportions of a shape. While in Indonesia, especially in Java and Bali, there is a traditional measurement method for developing a building, using body anatomy measurements. This study uses the Golden Ratio and Traditional Measurement methods to analyze the dimensions of the prayer room at the Great Mosque in East Java with case studies of the Lamongan Great Mosque, Tuban Great Mosque, and Gresik Jamee Mosque. The results obtained from this study for the dimensions of the existing prayer room with the largest percentage approaching the golden ratio are the prayer room of the Great Mosque of Lamongan (82%), and the smallest is the Jami Gresik Mosque (61.8%). While the dimensions of the prayer room need adjustments to be more effective in meeting the human scale in performing prayers, traditional measurement methods that approach modern measurements use \"kilan\" and \"hasta.\" From these results, it is hoped that in the future, mosque planning can pay attention to the proportions and dimensions of the human scale, both with modern and traditional measurements, which are the local wisdom of the local culture.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74999129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gedung Sate was built to accommodate various architectural styles derived from local and foreign elements. The local elements have been widely studied, such as those relating to the architecture of the 'Candi' on the island of Java. Many external elements are associated with the Moorish European style and that of the Dutch. However, according to the elements, it also indicates the existence of Indian Islamic architecture, the Mughal style. This study of the Islamic elements of Mughal India has not been pursued or presented any further. This study aims to identify the traces of Islamic architecture in the Gedung Sate, especially those derived from the Mughal, Moorish and local styles. This research method used a qualitative approach by studying the morphology of Gedung Sate and Mughal or Moorish buildings to identify the relationship between their architectural elements. The results show that Gedung Sate does indeed show the use of Mughal architectural elements, especially in the outer layout and mass, processing of the figure section, and the ornamental exterior column, while the Moorish influence is more visible in the processing of curved elements and column heads and slender interior columns showing light elements. The idea of using Islamic architecture is carried out to represent the splendor in the typology of new buildings in the prospective capital city of the Netherlands Indies, namely Bandung. Indian architecture is used as a reference because it is considered to have a close relationship with Candi as an important resource in Java.
{"title":"Traces of Islamic Architecture in the Design of the 'Gedung Sate' in Bandung","authors":"R. P. Herwindo","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.16932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.16932","url":null,"abstract":"Gedung Sate was built to accommodate various architectural styles derived from local and foreign elements. The local elements have been widely studied, such as those relating to the architecture of the 'Candi' on the island of Java. Many external elements are associated with the Moorish European style and that of the Dutch. However, according to the elements, it also indicates the existence of Indian Islamic architecture, the Mughal style. This study of the Islamic elements of Mughal India has not been pursued or presented any further. This study aims to identify the traces of Islamic architecture in the Gedung Sate, especially those derived from the Mughal, Moorish and local styles. This research method used a qualitative approach by studying the morphology of Gedung Sate and Mughal or Moorish buildings to identify the relationship between their architectural elements. The results show that Gedung Sate does indeed show the use of Mughal architectural elements, especially in the outer layout and mass, processing of the figure section, and the ornamental exterior column, while the Moorish influence is more visible in the processing of curved elements and column heads and slender interior columns showing light elements. The idea of using Islamic architecture is carried out to represent the splendor in the typology of new buildings in the prospective capital city of the Netherlands Indies, namely Bandung. Indian architecture is used as a reference because it is considered to have a close relationship with Candi as an important resource in Java.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82342299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Ahsani, S. Ismail, Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah, Ali Al-Ameen
The Jameh Mosque of Varamin is one of the few structures manifesting a transformation from Iranian architecture toward Iranian-Islamic architecture. The study presented here tries to deal with some of the geometric principles implemented by Iranian architects to express the concept of unity. The research decodes the sacred architectural elements and illustrates the ideas used to design the Jameh Mosque of Varamin from different aspects. In the first step, geometric principles such as dynamic rectangles, the golden ratio, and the lute of Pythagoras have been discussed. In the second step, the mentioned geometric principles are adapted to the architectural documents of the building. In addition, the general form of the building and the location of the dome are determined, and the hierarchy beginning from the Mosque's entrance to the dome has been analyzed. The results show that the architects tried to induce unity and monotheism through sacred geometry in a predetermined hierarchy. Also, Findings indicate that the Jameh Mosque of Varamin can be considered the intersection of Iranian architectural ideals adapted and integrated with Islamic principles.
{"title":"The Sense of Unity in the Jameh Mosque of Varamin: A Geometric Analysis","authors":"Majid Ahsani, S. Ismail, Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah, Ali Al-Ameen","doi":"10.18860/jia.v7i3.20945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i3.20945","url":null,"abstract":"The Jameh Mosque of Varamin is one of the few structures manifesting a transformation from Iranian architecture toward Iranian-Islamic architecture. The study presented here tries to deal with some of the geometric principles implemented by Iranian architects to express the concept of unity. The research decodes the sacred architectural elements and illustrates the ideas used to design the Jameh Mosque of Varamin from different aspects. In the first step, geometric principles such as dynamic rectangles, the golden ratio, and the lute of Pythagoras have been discussed. In the second step, the mentioned geometric principles are adapted to the architectural documents of the building. In addition, the general form of the building and the location of the dome are determined, and the hierarchy beginning from the Mosque's entrance to the dome has been analyzed. The results show that the architects tried to induce unity and monotheism through sacred geometry in a predetermined hierarchy. Also, Findings indicate that the Jameh Mosque of Varamin can be considered the intersection of Iranian architectural ideals adapted and integrated with Islamic principles.","PeriodicalId":41944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Architecture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80760325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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