Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121797
Nurcan Kilinc-Ata , Liliana N. Proskuryakova
The Asia–Pacific (APAC) region accounts for the largest part of the global greenhouse gas emissions and roughly half of the world's energy demand. This means that the success of APAC countries, including China and India, in switching to clean energy sources is crucial for meeting the global emission targets. To achieve the Paris Agreement goals, it is essential that large economies strengthen their efforts in reducing carbon emissions. Since 2020, many countries in the region have already seen record-breaking growth of renewable energy installed capacity and use. This study aims to analyse the role of energy policy instruments (including feed-in tariffs, quotas, tenders, and tax incentives) for green energy transition in 16 Asia-Pacific economies. A fixed-effect model for panel data estimation approach was applied with data spanning from 2000 to 2021. The findings show that renewable energy policy instruments are vital for green energy transition in the region. More specifically, feed-in tariffs, quotas, and tenders play an important role in green energy transition, but tax incentives are not. The findings may be used by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation coordination bodies in preparing recommendations and policy advice to member governments to ensure green energy transition at the regional level.
{"title":"The contribution of energy policies to green energy transition in the Asia-Pacific region","authors":"Nurcan Kilinc-Ata , Liliana N. Proskuryakova","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Asia–Pacific (APAC) region accounts for the largest part of the global greenhouse gas emissions and roughly half of the world's energy demand. This means that the success of APAC countries, including China and India, in switching to clean energy sources is crucial for meeting the global emission targets. To achieve the Paris Agreement goals, it is essential that large economies strengthen their efforts in reducing carbon emissions. Since 2020, many countries in the region have already seen record-breaking growth of renewable energy installed capacity and use. This study aims to analyse the role of energy policy instruments (including feed-in tariffs, quotas, tenders, and tax incentives) for green energy transition in 16 Asia-Pacific economies. A fixed-effect model for panel data estimation approach was applied with data spanning from 2000 to 2021. The findings show that renewable energy policy instruments are vital for green energy transition in the region. More specifically, feed-in tariffs, quotas, and tenders play an important role in green energy transition, but tax incentives are not. The findings may be used by Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation coordination bodies in preparing recommendations and policy advice to member governments to ensure green energy transition at the regional level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121797"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121798
Simran Kaur Dhillon, Rinki, Patit P. Kundu
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are self-powered devices used for power generation. However, the advancement of the technology is hindered poor durability, sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, and high capital costs, especially for cathode materials. In this study, we developed a nickel (Ni) chelate catalyst derived from thiourea-formaldehyde resins (Ni-TF), which incorporates sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) groups, to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. To improve the electrical conductivity and electron transfer and to investigate the influence of N and S content, Ni-TF particles were interwoven with polyaniline and aniline-2-sulfonic acid-co-aniline, respectively. The integration of self-doped electroactive polymer with Ni-TF significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of the resulting composite (SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC). SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC exhibited a high oxygen reduction potential of 0.335 V (vs. RHE) at −0.018 mA, superior stability, and a low charge transfer resistance of 95.1 Ω. Furthermore, SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC recorded a maximum power density of 2045.1 mW m−2 at a current density of 8343.8 mA m−2, compared to 873.67 mW m−2 and 5453.6 mA m−2 for Ni-SNC. This improvement is attributed to the synergy between the interwoven Ni-SNC and conducting copolymer. These findings indicate that encapsulating metal-doped catalysts within heteroatom-doped carbons can enhance long-term fuel cell performance and related applications.
微生物燃料电池（MFC）是一种用于发电的自供电装置。然而，该技术的发展却受到耐久性差、电化学反应动力学迟缓以及资本成本高昂（尤其是阴极材料）等问题的阻碍。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种从硫脲-甲醛树脂（Ni-TF）中提取的镍（Ni）螯合物催化剂，其中含有硫（S）和氮（N）基团，可增强氧还原反应（ORR）动力学。为了改善导电性和电子传递，并研究 N 和 S 含量的影响，Ni-TF 颗粒分别与聚苯胺和苯胺-2-磺酸-氯苯胺交织在一起。自掺杂的电活性聚合物与 Ni-TF 的结合显著提高了所得复合材料（SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC）的催化活性。SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC 在 -0.018 mA 时的氧还原电位高达 0.335 V（相对于 RHE），稳定性极佳，电荷转移电阻低至 95.1 Ω。此外，SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC 在电流密度为 8343.8 mA m-2 时的最大功率密度为 2045.1 mW m-2，而 Ni-SNC 为 873.67 mW m-2 和 5453.6 mA m-2。这一改进归功于交织的 Ni-SNC 和导电共聚物之间的协同作用。这些研究结果表明，将掺杂金属的催化剂封装在掺杂杂原子的碳中可提高燃料电池的长期性能和相关应用。
{"title":"Poly(aniline-2-sulfonic acid-co-aniline) modified nickel-doped carbon catalyst for power generation in microbial fuel cells","authors":"Simran Kaur Dhillon, Rinki, Patit P. Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are self-powered devices used for power generation. However, the advancement of the technology is hindered poor durability, sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, and high capital costs, especially for cathode materials. In this study, we developed a nickel (Ni) chelate catalyst derived from thiourea-formaldehyde resins (Ni-TF), which incorporates sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) groups, to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. To improve the electrical conductivity and electron transfer and to investigate the influence of N and S content, Ni-TF particles were interwoven with polyaniline and aniline-2-sulfonic acid-co-aniline, respectively. The integration of self-doped electroactive polymer with Ni-TF significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of the resulting composite (SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC). SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC exhibited a high oxygen reduction potential of 0.335 V (vs. RHE) at −0.018 mA, superior stability, and a low charge transfer resistance of 95.1 Ω. Furthermore, SPAN-PAN/Ni-SNC recorded a maximum power density of 2045.1 mW m<sup>−2</sup> at a current density of 8343.8 mA m<sup>−2</sup>, compared to 873.67 mW m<sup>−2</sup> and 5453.6 mA m<sup>−2</sup> for Ni-SNC. This improvement is attributed to the synergy between the interwoven Ni-SNC and conducting copolymer. These findings indicate that encapsulating metal-doped catalysts within heteroatom-doped carbons can enhance long-term fuel cell performance and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121798"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121803
Jung Choi , Seok-Woo Son , Seungjik Lee , Sangdae Park
Given the high weather dependency of solar photovoltaic energy, accurate weather information ranging from days to weeks in advance are required for stable plant operation and management. This study emphasizes that sub-seasonal climate outlooks can advance global solar power forecasting. We evaluate the capacity factor (CF) for standard test conditions (CFstc), calculated from atmospheric reanalysis of surface solar irradiance and ambient air temperature, by comparing it with actual CF from two solar plants in Korea. Results confirm CFstc as a reliable estimate of actual CF. Application of this methodology to four-week outlooks from two state-of-the-art sub-seasonal climate forecast systems shows a significant anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) skill for global solar power forecasting at least one week in advance (5–11 forecast days). Regional ACC skills vary at extended lead times, with South Asia, eastern South America and eastern Australia maintaining ACC > 0.6 for up to two weeks (12–18 forecast days). Notably, useful ACC skill persists for up to four weeks (26–32 forecast days) across 70.9 % of global land areas. These findings suggest that sub-seasonal climate outlooks can provide decision-making information in developing more reliable solar energy strategies, highlighting the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration between renewable energy and meteorological sectors.
{"title":"Advancing global solar photovoltaic power forecasting with sub-seasonal climate outlooks","authors":"Jung Choi , Seok-Woo Son , Seungjik Lee , Sangdae Park","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the high weather dependency of solar photovoltaic energy, accurate weather information ranging from days to weeks in advance are required for stable plant operation and management. This study emphasizes that sub-seasonal climate outlooks can advance global solar power forecasting. We evaluate the capacity factor (CF) for standard test conditions (CFstc), calculated from atmospheric reanalysis of surface solar irradiance and ambient air temperature, by comparing it with actual CF from two solar plants in Korea. Results confirm CFstc as a reliable estimate of actual CF. Application of this methodology to four-week outlooks from two state-of-the-art sub-seasonal climate forecast systems shows a significant anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) skill for global solar power forecasting at least one week in advance (5–11 forecast days). Regional ACC skills vary at extended lead times, with South Asia, eastern South America and eastern Australia maintaining ACC > 0.6 for up to two weeks (12–18 forecast days). Notably, useful ACC skill persists for up to four weeks (26–32 forecast days) across 70.9 % of global land areas. These findings suggest that sub-seasonal climate outlooks can provide decision-making information in developing more reliable solar energy strategies, highlighting the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration between renewable energy and meteorological sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121803"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121786
Yuming Huang , Wei Zhou , Liang Xie , Junfeng Li , Xiaoxiao Meng , Xuewei Zhang , Yang Yu , Miaoting Sun , Jiaxiang Chen , Lijie Wang , Jihui Gao , Guangbo Zhao
Integrating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the carbon oxidation reaction (COR) is a promising method for producing H₂ with lower energy consumption. However, due to the passivation effect of oxygen functional groups (OFGs) for COR and Fe³⁺, achieving efficient and sustainable carbon oxidation to assist water electrolysis for hydrogen production remains a challenge over the past decades. This study introduced [EDTA·Fe(III)]– as a mediator to promote COR. [EDTA·Fe(III)]– effectively prevented the oxidation layer on the carbon surface from anchoring Fe (III) and reactivated the carbon that had been passivated by the oxidation layer. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the notable COR activity resulted from [EDTA·Fe(III)]– effectively lowering the vertical ionization potential of carbon, without being affected by OFGs. Notably, in the HER||COR-[EDTA·Fe(III)]– system, a cell voltage of merely 0.74 V is sufficient to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, with the corresponding energy consumption being 1.76 kWh Nm−3 (H2). This strategy offers new insights into achieving stable, low-energy hydrogen production via water electrolysis.
将氢进化反应（HER）与碳氧化反应（COR）相结合是一种以较低能耗生产氢₂的可行方法。然而，由于氧官能团（OFG）对 COR 和 Fe³⁺ 的钝化作用，过去几十年来，实现高效、可持续的碳氧化以辅助电解水制氢仍是一项挑战。本研究引入了[EDTA-Fe(III)]- 作为促进 COR 的介质。[EDTA-Fe(III)]- 能有效阻止碳表面的氧化层锚定 Fe (III)，并重新激活被氧化层钝化的碳。密度泛函理论计算表明，[EDTA-Fe(III)]- 能有效降低碳的垂直电离电位，而不受 OFGs 的影响，因此具有显著的 COR 活性。值得注意的是，在 HER||COR-[EDTA-Fe(III)]-系统中，电池电压仅为 0.74 V 就足以达到 10 mA cm-2 的电流密度，相应的能耗为 1.76 kWh Nm-3 （H2）。这一策略为通过水电解实现稳定、低能耗制氢提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Fe(III)-cycle enhanced carbon oxidation reaction for low-energy hydrogen production via water electrolysis","authors":"Yuming Huang , Wei Zhou , Liang Xie , Junfeng Li , Xiaoxiao Meng , Xuewei Zhang , Yang Yu , Miaoting Sun , Jiaxiang Chen , Lijie Wang , Jihui Gao , Guangbo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the carbon oxidation reaction (COR) is a promising method for producing H₂ with lower energy consumption. However, due to the passivation effect of oxygen functional groups (OFGs) for COR and Fe³⁺, achieving efficient and sustainable carbon oxidation to assist water electrolysis for hydrogen production remains a challenge over the past decades. This study introduced [EDTA·Fe(III)]<sup>–</sup> as a mediator to promote COR. [EDTA·Fe(III)]<sup>–</sup> effectively prevented the oxidation layer on the carbon surface from anchoring Fe (III) and reactivated the carbon that had been passivated by the oxidation layer. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the notable COR activity resulted from [EDTA·Fe(III)]<sup>–</sup> effectively lowering the vertical ionization potential of carbon, without being affected by OFGs. Notably, in the HER||COR-[EDTA·Fe(III)]<sup>–</sup> system, a cell voltage of merely 0.74 V is sufficient to reach a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, with the corresponding energy consumption being 1.76 kWh Nm<sup>−3</sup> (H<sub>2</sub>). This strategy offers new insights into achieving stable, low-energy hydrogen production via water electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121786"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121796
Ravikant Verma, Shubhrata Gupta, Anamika Yadav
In Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs), Photo Voltaic (PV) systems often experience notable output power and efficiency reductions due to weather variations. This study is dedicated to determining the most effective PV array configuration under partial shading. Various configurations, including Series Parallel (SP), Total Cross Tied (TCT), Bridge Linked (BL), Honey Comb (HC), Double Tied (DT), and hybrid connections, are simulated and evaluated under PSCs. Nine shading patterns, such as vertical, horizontal, centre-wise, upper triangular, cross-wise, expansive, arbitrary, L-shaped, and diagonal, are examined using a 6 × 6 array of PV Configuration. Performance analysis is based on parameters such as open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP), maximum voltage (Vm), maximum current (Im), Fill Factor (FF), Mismatch Loss (ML)/Power Loss (PL), and efficiency (η). Additionally, hybrid configurations like Alternate- Total Cross Tied -Bridge Linked (ALT-TCT-BL), Alternate -Total Cross Tied -Double Tied (ALT-TCT-DT), and Alternate -Total Cross Tied -Triple Tied (ALT-TCT-TT) are investigated and compared with existing configurations. Hybrid configurations with fewer cross-ties are recommended to simplify circuit complexity. MATLAB/Simulink software is employed for simulation, using a Sunpower SPR-E18-295-COM panel. Comparative analysis confirms that hybrid configurations exhibit higher efficiency for various shading patterns than existing configurations, equal or at par with the TCT connection. For eight connections and nine shading scenarios along with zero (no) shading conditions, eighty distinct combinations have been analysed, and on comparative analysis with contemporary work, the optimal output is obtained from the connections considered under PSCs. For all the shading patterns considered, the proposed work fetches maximum efficiency compared to the contemporary work, and it ranges between 13.61 % and 17.84 % for different shading patterns. The maximum value of efficiencies for horizontal, vertical, diagonal, centre-wise, expansive, arbitrary, upper triangular and L-shaped shading patterns is 13.77 %, 17.24 %, 17.84 %, 15.66 %, 13.61 %, 17.21 %,17.35 % and 15.11 % respectively. The hybrid configuration achieves higher efficiency than current methods for all shading patterns and configurations, with improvements in efficiency ranging from 2.1 % to 42.22 % across all cases.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of different photovoltaic array configurations under partial shading","authors":"Ravikant Verma, Shubhrata Gupta, Anamika Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs), Photo Voltaic (PV) systems often experience notable output power and efficiency reductions due to weather variations. This study is dedicated to determining the most effective PV array configuration under partial shading. Various configurations, including Series Parallel (SP), Total Cross Tied (TCT), Bridge Linked (BL), Honey Comb (HC), Double Tied (DT), and hybrid connections, are simulated and evaluated under PSCs. Nine shading patterns, such as vertical, horizontal, centre-wise, upper triangular, cross-wise, expansive, arbitrary, L-shaped, and diagonal, are examined using a 6 × 6 array of PV Configuration. Performance analysis is based on parameters such as open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>), short circuit current (I<sub>sc</sub>), Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP), maximum voltage (V<sub>m</sub>), maximum current (I<sub>m</sub>), Fill Factor (FF), Mismatch Loss (ML)/Power Loss (PL), and efficiency (η). Additionally, hybrid configurations like Alternate- Total Cross Tied -Bridge Linked (ALT-TCT-BL), Alternate -Total Cross Tied -Double Tied (ALT-TCT-DT), and Alternate -Total Cross Tied -Triple Tied (ALT-TCT-TT) are investigated and compared with existing configurations. Hybrid configurations with fewer cross-ties are recommended to simplify circuit complexity. MATLAB/Simulink software is employed for simulation, using a Sunpower SPR-E18-295-COM panel. Comparative analysis confirms that hybrid configurations exhibit higher efficiency for various shading patterns than existing configurations, equal or at par with the TCT connection. For eight connections and nine shading scenarios along with zero (no) shading conditions, eighty distinct combinations have been analysed, and on comparative analysis with contemporary work, the optimal output is obtained from the connections considered under PSCs. For all the shading patterns considered, the proposed work fetches maximum efficiency compared to the contemporary work, and it ranges between 13.61 % and 17.84 % for different shading patterns. The maximum value of efficiencies for horizontal, vertical, diagonal, centre-wise, expansive, arbitrary, upper triangular and L-shaped shading patterns is 13.77 %, 17.24 %, 17.84 %, 15.66 %, 13.61 %, 17.21 %,17.35 % and 15.11 % respectively. The hybrid configuration achieves higher efficiency than current methods for all shading patterns and configurations, with improvements in efficiency ranging from 2.1 % to 42.22 % across all cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121796"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121777
Abdullah Kapıcıoğlu , Hikmet Esen
Nanofluids in thermal systems such as heat pumps are one of the innovative approaches due to their high thermal conductivity. However, nanofluids suffer from effects such as agglomeration and settling. Gravitational sedimentation occurs in the absence of circulation or mean flow conditions; this is a common problem in real-life engineering applications. The current experimental study focuses on how the system performance will be affected in this long standby situation. The study investigated the effect of nanofluid on the system performance in a Nanofluid-Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump (NAGSHP) system, which was examined experimentally long term. The findings show a loss of up to 3 % in the performance of the Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) and a 2.5 % decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. These values are even lower than the results obtained from experiments with ethylene glycol-water (without nanofluid) base fluid in the previous study. These results show that nanofluids cause performance degradation in long standby conditions. Further studies can investigate the interaction between surfactants and nanoparticles that reduce the sedimentation rate, considering different flow conditions, and show the implications of these results in engineering applications.
{"title":"Effect of long-term nanofluid usage on horizontal ground source heat pump performance","authors":"Abdullah Kapıcıoğlu , Hikmet Esen","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofluids in thermal systems such as heat pumps are one of the innovative approaches due to their high thermal conductivity. However, nanofluids suffer from effects such as agglomeration and settling. Gravitational sedimentation occurs in the absence of circulation or mean flow conditions; this is a common problem in real-life engineering applications. The current experimental study focuses on how the system performance will be affected in this long standby situation. The study investigated the effect of nanofluid on the system performance in a Nanofluid-Assisted Ground Source Heat Pump (NAGSHP) system, which was examined experimentally long term. The findings show a loss of up to 3 % in the performance of the Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) and a 2.5 % decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. These values are even lower than the results obtained from experiments with ethylene glycol-water (without nanofluid) base fluid in the previous study. These results show that nanofluids cause performance degradation in long standby conditions. Further studies can investigate the interaction between surfactants and nanoparticles that reduce the sedimentation rate, considering different flow conditions, and show the implications of these results in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121777"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the spatial suitability for solar farm placement using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques (ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2) coupled with Muti-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. Nine evaluation criteria significantly impacting solar farm placement in Erbil, Iraq were selected, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to assign proper weights to these criteria. Suitability maps were derived and classified using three MCDM methods: Weighted Overlay (WO), TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) to establish comparisons. Discrepancies were noticeable between the outcomes of these methods, with distinctions observable across most categories. The validation process illustrated superior performance by SAW model, closely followed by TOPSIS model, while the weighted overlay model showed significant differences. The southeastern region of Erbil governorate was identified as the most suitable area for solar farm construction due to favorable criteria values and potential for future expansion. This approach massively facilitates locating and evaluating ideal areas for solar farm construction, thereby minimizing the time, financial resources, and efforts dedicated towards this endeavor.
{"title":"Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach for identifying optimal solar farm locations: A multi-technique comparative analysis","authors":"Zakariya Nafi' Shehab , Raid Mahmood Faisal , Safwa Waleed Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the spatial suitability for solar farm placement using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques (ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2) coupled with Muti-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. Nine evaluation criteria significantly impacting solar farm placement in Erbil, Iraq were selected, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to assign proper weights to these criteria. Suitability maps were derived and classified using three MCDM methods: Weighted Overlay (WO), TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) to establish comparisons. Discrepancies were noticeable between the outcomes of these methods, with distinctions observable across most categories. The validation process illustrated superior performance by SAW model, closely followed by TOPSIS model, while the weighted overlay model showed significant differences. The southeastern region of Erbil governorate was identified as the most suitable area for solar farm construction due to favorable criteria values and potential for future expansion. This approach massively facilitates locating and evaluating ideal areas for solar farm construction, thereby minimizing the time, financial resources, and efforts dedicated towards this endeavor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121787"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121700
Pankaj Kumar , Sunil K. Maity , Debaprasad Shee
Alumina-supported CoMo catalyst is a potential alternative to the precious metal-based counterpart for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of stearic acid to diesel-range hydrocarbons. The mole ratio of individual metals in bimetallic catalysts plays a vital role in forming various catalytically active species. This study thus elucidates the impact of the Co/Mo mole ratio on the efficacy of CoMo catalysts. The CoMo catalysts showed superior catalytic activity compared to the Co due to the synergistic interaction and CoMo alloy formation. The Mo, Co, and mixed metal oxide were observed in calcined CoMo catalysts. For 4.1 mmol metals per g of alumina, Mo and Co oxides were increased with increasing Mo and Co content, respectively. However, CoMoO4 was increased by increasing Mo loading up to 2.4 mmol. Conversely, the reduced CoMo catalysts were gradually enriched with CoMo alloy with increasing Co content up to 2.4 mmol and slightly declined at 3.1 mmol Co. The reaction follows the HDO mechanism over CoMo alloy and Co oxide resulting in C18 hydrocarbon formation. The CoMo catalysts displayed enhanced catalytic performance at elevated temperatures and metal loadings, with insignificant effect on the alkane selectivity. The experimental results were also correlated by a suitable kinetic model.
氧化铝支撑的 CoMo 催化剂是硬脂酸加氢脱氧生成柴油范围烃类的贵金属催化剂的潜在替代品。双金属催化剂中各金属的摩尔比在形成各种催化活性物种方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究阐明了 Co/Mo 摩尔比对 CoMo 催化剂功效的影响。由于协同作用和 CoMo 合金的形成，CoMo 催化剂的催化活性优于 Co 催化剂。在煅烧过的 CoMo 催化剂中可以观察到 Mo、Co 和混合金属氧化物。在每克氧化铝含 4.1 mmol 金属的情况下，随着 Mo 和 Co 含量的增加，Mo 和 Co 的氧化物分别增加。然而，随着 Mo 含量的增加，CoMoO4 的含量也增加了，最高可达 2.4 mmol。相反，随着 Co 含量的增加，还原型 CoMo 催化剂中的 CoMo 合金逐渐富集到 2.4 mmol 以下，而在 3.1 mmol Co 时则略有减少。在 CoMo 合金和氧化 Co 上，反应遵循 HDO 机理，生成 C18 碳氢化合物。CoMo 催化剂在较高温度和金属载量下显示出更强的催化性能，但对烷烃选择性的影响不大。实验结果还与合适的动力学模型相关联。
{"title":"Hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid to produce green diesel over alumina supported CoMo catalysts: Role of Co/Mo mole ratio","authors":"Pankaj Kumar , Sunil K. Maity , Debaprasad Shee","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alumina-supported CoMo catalyst is a potential alternative to the precious metal-based counterpart for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of stearic acid to diesel-range hydrocarbons. The mole ratio of individual metals in bimetallic catalysts plays a vital role in forming various catalytically active species. This study thus elucidates the impact of the Co/Mo mole ratio on the efficacy of CoMo catalysts. The CoMo catalysts showed superior catalytic activity compared to the Co due to the synergistic interaction and CoMo alloy formation. The Mo, Co, and mixed metal oxide were observed in calcined CoMo catalysts. For 4.1 mmol metals per g of alumina, Mo and Co oxides were increased with increasing Mo and Co content, respectively. However, CoMoO<sub>4</sub> was increased by increasing Mo loading up to 2.4 mmol. Conversely, the reduced CoMo catalysts were gradually enriched with CoMo alloy with increasing Co content up to 2.4 mmol and slightly declined at 3.1 mmol Co. The reaction follows the HDO mechanism over CoMo alloy and Co oxide resulting in C<sub>18</sub> hydrocarbon formation. The CoMo catalysts displayed enhanced catalytic performance at elevated temperatures and metal loadings, with insignificant effect on the alkane selectivity. The experimental results were also correlated by a suitable kinetic model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121700"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121800
Enchang Liu , Minghong Sun , Meijing Wu , Yue Yang
The market-dominant silicon-based solar cells are facing great challenges in further improving their benchmark efficiency. However, due to dust deposition and temperature rise, the actual operating efficiency is still far from the benchmark efficiency. The goal of this study is to develop a durable and multifunctional coating with superhydrophobicity, high light transmittance and strong infrared radiation, which is applied to the surface of photovoltaic glass to reduce dust deposition and lower the module temperature. Based on a silicon wafer template and die casting process, epoxy resin microcavities are prepared on the glass surface, and SiO2 nanoparticles are sprayed into the microcavities to complete the preparation of the multifunctional coating. The experimental test results show that the coating has a contact angle of about 160°, a visible transmittance over 91 %, and an infrared emissivity of 94.5 % among the atmospheric window, demonstrating the potential of self-cleaning and radiative cooling functions. The coating also shows good durability through sandpaper wear, scraper wear, tape peeling, and water jet tests. The multifunctional coating developed in this study is expected to be applied to different types of photovoltaic cells to improve their photoelectric conversion efficiency in outdoor environments.
{"title":"Durable and multifunctional coating design with superhydrophobicity, high transparency, radiative cooling for photovoltaic application","authors":"Enchang Liu , Minghong Sun , Meijing Wu , Yue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The market-dominant silicon-based solar cells are facing great challenges in further improving their benchmark efficiency. However, due to dust deposition and temperature rise, the actual operating efficiency is still far from the benchmark efficiency. The goal of this study is to develop a durable and multifunctional coating with superhydrophobicity, high light transmittance and strong infrared radiation, which is applied to the surface of photovoltaic glass to reduce dust deposition and lower the module temperature. Based on a silicon wafer template and die casting process, epoxy resin microcavities are prepared on the glass surface, and SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are sprayed into the microcavities to complete the preparation of the multifunctional coating. The experimental test results show that the coating has a contact angle of about 160°, a visible transmittance over 91 %, and an infrared emissivity of 94.5 % among the atmospheric window, demonstrating the potential of self-cleaning and radiative cooling functions. The coating also shows good durability through sandpaper wear, scraper wear, tape peeling, and water jet tests. The multifunctional coating developed in this study is expected to be applied to different types of photovoltaic cells to improve their photoelectric conversion efficiency in outdoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121800"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121689
Sasha Fung , Yufei Tang, Carter Nichols , James VanZwieten , Hassan Mokari , Gabriel Alsenas
Renewable energy is an increasingly vital field that continues to evolve with growing demands for innovative electricity production methods. Among these, Ocean Current Turbines (OCTs) have emerged as a promising technology that targets the vast energy potential of ocean currents. Building on established Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) methodologies primarily used in wind turbine testing, this research adapts and extends these techniques to develop a HIL testbed for OCTs. This research involves the development of a robust simulation model, designed to replicate the dynamic ocean current conditions impacting an OCT. The simulation is built with Simulink and is executed within Opal-RT’s real-time simulation environment. The simulation model consists of an OCT rotor model outputting desired shaft torque values to a dynamometer which uses measured torque and speed feedback to integrate with a micro-grid setup. This model aims to operate in both Region 2 and Region 3 of power generation, as well as the transitional Region 2.5. A variable-speed controller is developed to maximize the power capture in Region 2 and is evaluated on the HIL testbed, a blade-pitch controller is employed to prevent over-generation in Region 3 and is simulated inside the real-time environment, and both of these controllers are evaluated simultaneously while operating in region 2.5 on the HIL testbed. This study demonstrates a simple yet effective approach to HIL simulation for marine energy systems. The findings reinforce the feasibility of HIL testing for OCTs and contribute valuable insights into the broader context of marine renewable energy technology development.
可再生能源是一个日益重要的领域，随着对创新发电方法的需求不断增长，该领域也在持续发展。其中，洋流涡轮机（OCT）已成为一项前景广阔的技术，它瞄准了洋流巨大的能源潜力。本研究以主要用于风力涡轮机测试的成熟硬件在环 (HIL) 方法为基础，对这些技术进行了调整和扩展，以开发适用于 OCT 的 HIL 测试平台。这项研究包括开发一个强大的仿真模型，旨在复制影响 OCT 的动态洋流条件。仿真由 Simulink 构建，并在 Opal-RT 的实时仿真环境中执行。仿真模型由一个 OCT 转子模型组成，该模型可将所需的轴扭矩值输出到测功机，而测功机则利用测量到的扭矩和速度反馈与微电网设置集成。该模型的目标是在发电区域 2 和区域 3 以及过渡区域 2.5 中运行。开发了一个变速控制器，以最大限度地提高区域 2 的功率捕获，并在 HIL 试验平台上进行了评估；采用了一个叶片间距控制器，以防止区域 3 的过量发电，并在实时环境中进行了模拟；在 HIL 试验平台上运行区域 2.5 时，同时对这两个控制器进行了评估。这项研究展示了一种简单而有效的海洋能源系统 HIL 仿真方法。研究结果加强了对 OCT 进行 HIL 测试的可行性，并为更广泛的海洋可再生能源技术开发提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Design and testing of a Hardware-in-the-Loop system for a grid integrated Ocean Current Turbine","authors":"Sasha Fung , Yufei Tang, Carter Nichols , James VanZwieten , Hassan Mokari , Gabriel Alsenas","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy is an increasingly vital field that continues to evolve with growing demands for innovative electricity production methods. Among these, Ocean Current Turbines (OCTs) have emerged as a promising technology that targets the vast energy potential of ocean currents. Building on established Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) methodologies primarily used in wind turbine testing, this research adapts and extends these techniques to develop a HIL testbed for OCTs. This research involves the development of a robust simulation model, designed to replicate the dynamic ocean current conditions impacting an OCT. The simulation is built with Simulink and is executed within Opal-RT’s real-time simulation environment. The simulation model consists of an OCT rotor model outputting desired shaft torque values to a dynamometer which uses measured torque and speed feedback to integrate with a micro-grid setup. This model aims to operate in both Region 2 and Region 3 of power generation, as well as the transitional Region 2.5. A variable-speed controller is developed to maximize the power capture in Region 2 and is evaluated on the HIL testbed, a blade-pitch controller is employed to prevent over-generation in Region 3 and is simulated inside the real-time environment, and both of these controllers are evaluated simultaneously while operating in region 2.5 on the HIL testbed. This study demonstrates a simple yet effective approach to HIL simulation for marine energy systems. The findings reinforce the feasibility of HIL testing for OCTs and contribute valuable insights into the broader context of marine renewable energy technology development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 121689"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号