Renewable Energy最新文献_第9页

Study on the dynamic characteristics of adsorption-type compressed CO2 energy storage system: Based on the cycle self-consistent regulation mechanism of high-pressure storage tank 吸附式压缩CO2储能系统动态特性研究：基于高压储罐循环自一致调节机制

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125177

Tianhang Zhang , Jianmin Gao , Qian Du , Min Xie , Qiaoqun Sun

To address the engineering challenge that the cycle of a compressed gas energy storage (CGES) system cannot form a closed loop, this paper proposes an innovative active regulation mechanism to realize the cycle self-consistency of a high-pressure storage tank (HPT).

Based on this mechanism, 108 feasible HPT cycle self-consistent schemes are identified through simulation within the defined operational domain. One representative scheme—featuring an HPT initial temperature of 308.15 K, a gas source temperature of 290.15 K, and a make-up heat power of 539 kW—is selected for detailed analysis. Under this scheme, the HPT undergoes phase transitions through gas, gas-liquid coexistence, liquid, and supercritical phases during inflation, and transforms directly from the supercritical to the gas phase during deflation.

The mechanism achieves cycle self-consistency by actively regulating the HPT's thermodynamic state through coordinated adjustment of initial temperature, gas source temperature, and supplemental heat input, ensuring that the start and end states of each cycle coincide. Furthermore, the dynamic operational characteristics of a modified temperature swing adsorption-based compressed CO₂ energy storage (TSA-CCES) system are investigated. The system achieves a round-trip efficiency of 93.18%, an energy storage density of 6.49 kWh/m³, an effective gas storage density of 500 kg/m³, and a tank utilization rate of 72.95% under the selected scheme.

Compared to previous studies, the proposed system achieves over 50 times higher effective gas storage density, and a tank utilization rate more than 10% higher than existing schemes, demonstrating that the proposed mechanism ensures a self-consistent HPT cycle while significantly improving system performance and robustness, offering practical guidance for the engineering application of CGES systems.

针对压缩气体储能系统循环不能形成闭环的工程难题，提出了一种创新的主动调节机制，实现高压储气罐的循环自一致性。基于该机制，在定义的操作域内通过仿真，确定了108种可行的HPT循环自一致方案。选取HPT初始温度308.15 K、气源温度290.15 K、补热功率539 kw的代表性方案进行详细分析。在该方案下，HPT在膨胀过程中经历气相、气液共存、液相和超临界相的相变，在紧缩过程中直接从超临界相转变为气相。该机制通过协调调节初始温度、气源温度和补充热输入，主动调节高压热源的热力学状态，实现循环自一致性，保证每个循环的开始状态和结束状态一致。此外，还研究了基于变温吸附的压缩CO2储能系统的动态运行特性。所选方案下，系统往返效率为93.18%，储能密度为6.49 kWh/m3，有效储气密度为500 kg/m3，储气罐利用率为72.95%。与以往的研究相比，该系统的有效储气密度提高了50倍以上，储气罐利用率提高了10%以上，表明该机制在保证自一致HPT循环的同时，显著提高了系统性能和鲁棒性，为CGES系统的工程应用提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of salt-induced performance decline in floating photovoltaics in marine environments: Experimental analysis of electrical degradation, design and techno-economic implications 评估海洋环境中盐诱导的浮动光伏性能下降：电退化、设计和技术经济影响的实验分析

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125189

Syed Asad Ali Rizvi , Abdul Kashif Janjua , Abeera Ayaz Ansari , Muhammad Usman Bin Ahmed , Hamza Ahmad Raza , Ghayoor Abbas

As cleaner energy demand is growing, addressing factors which obstruct photovoltaic energy production is critical, particularly in coastal environments where seawater-induced salt deposition reduces system performance. This study evaluates seawater-induced salt deposition on floating photovoltaic panels through controlled experiments, demonstrating significant reductions in electrical performance and efficiency under simulated marine conditions. Following exposure to 11 wave cycles, 0.6502 g of salt was deposited on the panel surface, and consequently the extracted performance parameters show that the fill factor decreased from 71.2 % to 63.49 %, while peak power dropped from 8.2 W to 6.8 W, and the current at maximum-power declined from 0.436 A to 0.376 A, with minimal impact on voltage, highlighting the impact of salt accumulation on energy conversion. Economic analysis (for 1-MW proposed plant) shows that salt-induced soiling materially undermines project economics: internal rate of return falls from 28.77 % to 22.21 % and net present value drops by $239,177 because lower module output (fill-factor and power loss) reduces revenue while cleaning and replacement raise lifecycle costs. As a result, the levelized cost of electricity increases from $0.02309/kWh to $0.03303/kWh, and the simple payback extends from 3.44 to 4.59 years; clearly calling for targeted mitigation and contingency budgeting in salt-prone marine environments.

随着清洁能源需求的增长，解决阻碍光伏能源生产的因素至关重要，特别是在沿海环境中，海水引起的盐沉积降低了系统性能。本研究通过控制实验评估海水引起的浮动光伏板上的盐沉积，证明在模拟海洋条件下，电性能和效率显著降低。经过11次波循环后，在面板表面沉积了0.6502 g盐，提取的性能参数表明，填充系数从71.2%下降到63.49%，峰值功率从8.2 W下降到6.8 W，最大功率电流从0.436 A下降到0.376 A，对电压的影响最小，突出了盐积累对能量转换的影响。经济分析（对于1兆瓦的拟议工厂）表明，盐引起的污染材料严重破坏了项目的经济效益：内部回报率从28.77%下降到22.21%，净现值下降了239,177美元，因为较低的组件输出（填充系数和功率损耗）减少了收入，而清洁和更换增加了生命周期成本。因此，电力平准化成本从0.02309美元/千瓦时增加到0.03303美元/千瓦时，简单投资回收期从3.44年延长到4.59年；明确呼吁在易含盐海洋环境中制定有针对性的缓解措施和应急预算。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking the potential of solar thermal technology: Pretreatment-driven enhancement in cassava flour production 释放太阳能热技术的潜力：预处理驱动木薯粉生产的增强

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125192

Ellyas Alga Nainggolan , Dedy Anwar , Rosdanelli Hasibuan , Jan Banout , Klára Urbanová

This study explored the integration of pretreatment techniques into solar drying technology to enhance drying efficiency and product quality of cassava flour. Fresh cassava tubers were sliced and subjected to two pretreatment methods: chemical-thermal treatment (DB1; citric acid and sodium metabisulfite with blanching) and prolonged water soaking (S3D). Utilizing a solar dryer designed for optimal solar energy capture, thin-layer drying experiments revealed distinct kinetic behaviors, best modeled by the Wang and Singh equation for DB1 and the Page model for S3D samples. DB1 pretreatment significantly improved drying performance, demonstrating more efficient solar energy utilization (increasing moisture diffusivity by 43 % and reducing activation energy from 33.23 to 30.70 kJ/mol, equivalent to a 7.6 % decrease). Physicochemical analyses showed that hydrogen cyanide content was reduced by 61 % (DB1) to 96 % (S3D) and the whiteness index improved from 89.90 (control) to 91.40 (pretreated samples). Sensory evaluation enhanced texture, appearance, and overall acceptability for DB1-treated flour. The findings highlight the viability of combining targeted pretreatment methods with solar drying technology to sustainably produce high-quality cassava flour suitable for rural and energy-limited settings.

本研究探索将预处理技术与太阳能干燥技术相结合，以提高木薯粉的干燥效率和产品品质。新鲜木薯块茎切片，进行两种预处理方法：化学热处理（DB1；柠檬酸和焦亚硫酸钠并焯水）和长时间水浸泡（S3D）。利用专为最佳太阳能捕获而设计的太阳能干燥器，薄层干燥实验揭示了不同的动力学行为，DB1样品的Wang和Singh方程和S3D样品的Page模型是最佳模型。DB1预处理显著改善了干燥性能，提高了太阳能利用效率（水分扩散率提高了43%，活化能从33.23降低到30.70 kJ/mol，相当于降低了7.6%）。理化分析表明，预处理后的样品氰化氢含量降低了61% （DB1）至96% (S3D)，白度指数由对照组的89.90提高到91.40。感官评价增强了db1处理面粉的质地、外观和总体可接受性。这些发现强调了将有针对性的预处理方法与太阳能干燥技术相结合，以可持续地生产适合农村和能源有限环境的高质量木薯粉的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Financially inspired methodologies for risk management in electricity markets 电力市场风险管理的财务启发方法

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125016

Andres F. Ramirez , Alberto J. Lamadrid L.

We present a framework to determine the risk of assets in electricity systems. We train machine learning and estimation models with optimal outputs from simulating Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) and Security Constraint Unit Commitment (SCUC). The operational score we present provides a quantitative measure of the likelihood that a generating unit will cause imbalances in the grid due to variability and uncertainty. We illustrate our methodology using real world data from the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO).

我们提出了一个确定电力系统中资产风险的框架。我们通过模拟安全约束经济调度（SCED）和安全约束单元承诺（SCUC）来训练具有最佳输出的机器学习和估计模型。我们提出的运行评分提供了一种定量衡量发电机组由于可变性和不确定性而导致电网失衡的可能性。我们使用纽约独立系统运营商（NYISO）的真实世界数据来说明我们的方法。

引用次数: 0

Degradation and projected lifetime of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules after 10 years of field exposure in the Atacama Desert 在阿塔卡马沙漠野外暴露10年后，多晶硅光伏组件的退化和预计寿命

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125118

Liomnis Osorio , Laurent Duchêne , Víctor Tuninetti , Sunny Narayan , Mailyn Moreno-Espino , Marco Rivera

This study quantifies degradation and projects the useful lifetime of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules operating in the Atacama Desert, using I–V measurements taken after ten years of field exposure. The methodology included a visual inspection, outdoor I–V curve measurements, STC correction by IEC 60891 standard, and the evaluation of four key parameters

V_{oc}

,

I_{sc}

,

P_{mpp}

, and

F F

by comparing 2024 data with initial manufacturer specifications and ten long-term field studies conducted in comparable desert climates. Statistical analysis of the large-sample dataset (64 strings encompassing 1216 modules) yielded a mean degradation rate of 1.32%/year in

P_{mpp}

, corresponding to a projected lifetime of 15.15 years to the 80% power threshold, while a sensitivity analysis of realistic commissioning-time deviations in the initial power broadens the degradation rate to the range 0.87–1.58%/year and the associated lifetime to approximately 13–23 years. Common failure modes included cell cracking as an irreversible structural failure at the cell level, and environmental soiling as an optics-driven loss mechanism affecting the module frontsheet. These results emphasise the need for operation and maintenance strategies adapted to Atacama conditions and provide an STC-normalised benchmark that can support reliability assessment and warranty evaluation of PV plants in hyper-arid and other high-irradiance desert environments.

本研究量化了在阿塔卡马沙漠中运行的多晶硅光伏（PV）模块的退化情况，并利用10年野外暴露后的I-V测量结果预测了其使用寿命。该方法包括目视检查、室外I-V曲线测量、根据IEC 60891标准校正STC，并通过将2024年的数据与初始制造商规格和在可比沙漠气候中进行的十项长期实地研究进行比较，评估四个关键参数Voc、Isc、Pmpp和FF。对大样本数据集（包含1216个模块的64个字符串）的统计分析得出Pmpp的平均降解率为1.32%/年，对应于80%功率阈值的预计寿命为15.15年，而对初始功率实际调试时间偏差的敏感性分析将降解率扩大到0.87-1.58% /年的范围，相关寿命约为13-23年。常见的失效模式包括电池开裂，这是一种不可逆的电池级结构失效，以及环境污染，这是一种影响组件前板的光学驱动损耗机制。这些结果强调了适应阿塔卡马条件的运行和维护策略的必要性，并提供了stc标准化的基准，可以支持超干旱和其他高辐照度沙漠环境下光伏电站的可靠性评估和保修评估。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen–energy–carbon coupled pricing for integrated energy systems: Stackelberg game and robust demand response under renewable uncertainty 综合能源系统的氢-碳耦合定价：可再生能源不确定性下的Stackelberg博弈和稳健需求响应

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125159

Wen-Ting Lin , Qitao Guo , Tao Jia , Chaojie Li , Xiaojun Zhou , Jueyou Li , Tingzhen Ming

Driven by the global pursuit of carbon neutrality, the integration of hydrogen into multi-energy systems has become a key enabler for deep decarbonization. This paper proposes a robust optimization-based scheduling method for integrated energy systems, coupling multi-energy complementarity with a coordinated hydrogen-energy-carbon pricing strategy. First, a comprehensive energy architecture is established, integrating hydrogen, electricity, heat, and gas supplies, where the energy service provider leverages wind and other renewables to build a complementary energy supply system. A robust optimization model is formulated at the upper level, embedding a hydrogen-energy-carbon pricing mechanism. Second, a lower-level demand response model grounded in price elasticity theory is developed to characterize the dynamic interaction between user consumption behaviors and energy prices. A Stackelberg game framework, with the ESP as the leader and user groups as followers, is constructed to capture the bidirectional influence between pricing strategies and user-side responses. Regarding solution methodology, a refined column-and-constraint generation algorithm is designed to address renewable generation uncertainty, ensuring robust decision-making under worst-case scenarios. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method maintains system stability under 20% renewable penetration and achieves a 21.95% reduction in carbon emissions through energy-carbon coordination, validating both the environmental benefits and practical feasibility of the approach.

在全球追求碳中和的推动下，氢与多能源系统的整合已成为深度脱碳的关键推动因素。本文提出了一种基于鲁棒优化的综合能源系统调度方法，将多能互补与氢能-碳协调定价策略相结合。一是构建集氢、电、热、气为一体的综合能源体系，能源服务商利用风能等可再生能源，构建互补的能源供应体系。在上层建立了稳健的优化模型，嵌入了氢-碳定价机制。其次，建立了基于价格弹性理论的低层次需求响应模型，以表征用户消费行为与能源价格之间的动态交互作用。构建了一个以ESP为领导者，用户群体为追随者的Stackelberg博弈框架，以捕捉定价策略与用户侧响应之间的双向影响。在求解方法上，设计了一种改进的列约束生成算法，以解决可再生能源发电的不确定性，确保在最坏情况下的稳健决策。案例研究表明，该方法在可再生能源渗透率为20%的情况下保持了系统稳定性，并通过能源-碳协调实现了21.95%的碳减排，验证了该方法的环境效益和实际可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Energy and exergy analysis of a double-flash geothermal-based organic Rankine cycle system 双闪式地热有机朗肯循环系统的能量与火用分析

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125187

Yashar Aryanfar , Wei Wu

This study presents a double-flash geothermal power plant integrated with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), where the ORC design enhances waste heat recovery and overall efficiency. The ORC systems use various working fluids, such as R245fa, R600, and R452a, to quantify the energy and exergy efficiencies and environmental impacts of ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). The results indicate that ORC integration significantly improves energy and exergy efficiencies, with maximum enhancements of 51 % in net power output and 22 % in energy efficiency compared to the standalone geothermal configuration. Regarding the working fluids, R245fa and R600 exhibited superior thermodynamic performance, achieving the highest energy efficiencies (15.67 % and 15.5 %) and exergy efficiencies (61.4 % and 60.79 %) while maintaining relatively low levels of exergy destruction. In contrast, R452a demonstrated the weakest performance across all evaluated metrics. Sensitivity analyses on separator and turbine outlet pressure identified optimal operating ranges for maximizing net power output and minimizing irreversibilities. These findings underscore the importance of working fluid selection and pressure optimization in designing high-efficiency geothermal-ORC hybrid systems and provide valuable insights for the sustainable development of geothermal energy technologies.

本研究提出了一个集成了有机朗肯循环（ORC）的双闪蒸地热发电厂，其中ORC设计提高了废热回收和整体效率。ORC系统使用各种工作流体，如R245fa、R600和R452a，来量化能源和能源效率以及臭氧消耗潜能值（ODP）和全球变暖潜能值（GWP）对环境的影响。结果表明，与单独的地热配置相比，ORC集成显著提高了能源和能源效率，净功率输出最高提高51%，能源效率最高提高22%。在工质方面，R245fa和R600表现出优异的热力学性能，在保持相对较低的火用破坏水平的同时，实现了最高的能量效率（15.67%和15.5%）和火用效率（61.4%和60.79%）。相比之下，R452a在所有评估指标中表现最差。对分离器和涡轮出口压力的敏感性分析确定了最大净功率输出和最小不可逆性的最佳操作范围。这些发现强调了工作流体选择和压力优化在设计高效地热- orc混合系统中的重要性，并为地热能源技术的可持续发展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling renewable energies into a regional gas energy system through battery and thermal energy storage technologies 通过电池和热能储存技术，将可再生能源与区域气体能源系统相结合

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125176

Yitong Xie , Chaokui Qin , Yiming Zhang , Yuhan Huang

Transitioning to renewable energies such as solar and wind is urgently needed to achieve our net-zero targets, while the main challenge is their intermittent availability which causes mismatch between the energy supply and demand. To address this challenge, this study proposed a multi-energy system that integrated renewable energies with gas power and energy storage technologies, which could well realize the resilience and balance between energy supply and demand. This paper presented two multi-energy schemes integrating solar photovoltaic modules, wind power, gas turbines, batteries and heat storage tanks, and compared them with a traditional power system. The results demonstrated that the combination of water tanks and photothermal devices narrowed the heating load range from 3-24 to 15-22 MW. Additionally, the batteries, capable of storing maximum power generation for 11 min, led to 3.9 % decrease in purchased electricity and 7.3 % reduction in sold electricity. Although the CO₂ reduction from sold electricity could not entirely offset that from purchased electricity, multi-energy schemes still achieved a reduction of >20,000 tons of CO₂ compared to traditional systems. The static capital recovery period for multi-energy schemes was ∼10 years which could be reduced to <1 year by incorporating carbon emission trading, highlighting their excellent economic viability.

为了实现我们的净零目标，迫切需要向太阳能和风能等可再生能源过渡，而主要挑战是它们的间歇性可用性，导致能源供需之间的不匹配。针对这一挑战，本研究提出了一种将可再生能源与天然气发电和储能技术相结合的多能源系统，可以很好地实现能源供需的弹性和平衡。本文提出了两种集太阳能光伏组件、风力发电、燃气轮机、蓄电池和储热罐为一体的多能方案，并与传统的电力系统进行了比较。结果表明，水箱与光热装置的组合将热负荷范围从3-24 MW缩小到15-22 MW。此外，电池能够存储11分钟的最大发电量，导致购买电量减少3.9%，销售电量减少7.3%。虽然出售电力所减少的二氧化碳不能完全抵消购买电力所减少的二氧化碳，但与传统系统相比，多能方案仍然减少了2万吨二氧化碳。多能源方案的静态资本回收期为10年左右，通过纳入碳排放交易可以缩短到1年左右，突出了其出色的经济可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating dynamic stall models for thick wind turbine airfoils 厚型风力机翼型动态失速模型评估

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125096

Mehdi Doosttalab , Carlos Simão Ferreira , Daniele Ragni , Wei Yu , Christof Rautmann

The accuracy of the Beddoes–Leishman and Risø dynamic stall models is evaluated against experiments on thick wind turbine airfoils with a relative thickness of 35% and trailing edge thicknesses of 10% and 2%, both with and without vortex generators. The dynamic lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients simulation results are compared with the measurements, obtained in the TU Delft LTT wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of

R e = 1 \times 1 0^{6}

and dynamic reduced frequency of 0.064. The study revealed that while the aforementioned models successfully predicted the direction of the dynamic cycles, they inaccurately captured the dynamic stall behavior of thick flatback and non-flatback airfoils in all configurations, particularly in separated flows. There was no significant difference observed in the performance of the two models. The reasons for modeling failure are thoroughly examined from both fundamental and mathematical perspectives, and suggestions for improvements are provided. The findings raise concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of the dynamic load assessment and aeroelasticity analysis for modern large wind turbines, using current dynamic stall models and underscore the necessity for enhancing the existing models.

Beddoes-Leishman和Risø动态失速模型的准确性通过在有涡发生器和没有涡发生器两种情况下，相对厚度为35%、尾缘厚度为10%和2%的厚型风力机机翼上的实验进行了评估。将动态升力、阻力和俯仰力矩系数模拟结果与TU Delft LTT风洞在雷诺数Re=1×106和动态降频0.064下的实测结果进行了比较。研究表明，虽然上述模型成功地预测了动态循环的方向，但它们不能准确地捕捉到所有配置下厚平背和非平背翼型的动态失速行为，特别是在分离流动中。两种模型的性能无显著差异。从基础和数学的角度对建模失败的原因进行了深入的研究，并提出了改进建议。研究结果引起了人们对现代大型风力涡轮机动态载荷评估和气动弹性分析的准确性和可靠性的关注，并强调了对现有模型进行改进的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of growing national solar power capacity on the profitability of residential solar energy production in northern conditions 日益增长的国家太阳能发电能力对北方条件下住宅太阳能生产盈利能力的影响

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125169

Sami Jouttijärvi , Simeon Seppälä , Lauri Karttunen , Samuli Ranta , Sanna Syri , Kati Miettunen

This study examines the effect of increasing solar photovoltaic (PV) production on electricity market prices and analyzes how this development affects the profitability of residential PV systems. The key novelty is a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the profitability of differently oriented residential PV systems under different electricity price scenarios. The novel approach combines PV system simulation, a large set of real electricity consumption data, and two electricity price estimation methods: linear regression and aggregated bidding curve modification. Nordic conditions with long summer days and low solar elevation angles enable the efficient use of different PV system designs, such as vertical bifacial PV, offering versatile production profiles. This study identifies how rapidly PV capacity growth cannibalizes the value of the different residential PV systems, what systems are resilient toward cannibalization, and how the national PV deployment strategy affects cannibalization in Finland. The results show that even 500 MW addition to the national PV production capacity in Finland compromises residential PV profitability in the worst-case scenario. Electricity-powered heating solutions make PV more profitable. Overall, maximizing self-consumption is crucial to maintaining the economic profitability of residential PV systems in different electricity price scenarios.

本研究考察了太阳能光伏发电（PV）产量增加对电力市场价格的影响，并分析了这种发展如何影响住宅光伏系统的盈利能力。关键的新颖之处在于对不同定位的住宅光伏系统在不同电价情景下的盈利能力进行了全面的技术经济分析。该方法结合了光伏系统仿真、大量真实用电量数据，以及线性回归和综合竞价曲线修正两种电价估算方法。北欧的夏季白昼较长，太阳仰角较低，可以有效地利用不同的光伏系统设计，如垂直双面光伏，提供多功能的生产剖面。本研究确定了光伏容量增长如何快速地蚕食不同住宅光伏系统的价值，哪些系统对蚕食有弹性，以及芬兰的国家光伏部署战略如何影响蚕食。结果表明，在最坏的情况下，即使芬兰全国光伏产能增加500兆瓦，也会损害住宅光伏的盈利能力。电力供热解决方案使光伏发电更加有利可图。综上所述，在不同电价情景下，最大化自用电量是保持住宅光伏系统经济盈利能力的关键。

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引用次数: 0