Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121190
The photocatalyst film, composed of tetragonal BiOI nanosheets and cubic phase CuI nanoparticles, was synthesized on the FTO substrate by a simple electro-deposition method. The orderly crisscrossed nanosheet structure caused exterior hydrophobic property, resisting the excess H2O molecules and further inhibiting the competitive H2O reduction process. The novel BiOI/CuI catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic ability of CO2 reduction into CO with 100 % selectivity in H2O vapor. Typically, the optimal 150BiOI/CuI photocatalyst exhibited CO yield of 7237.65 μmol/cm2 after 11 h of simulated sunlight illumination, achieving quantum efficiency of 2.5 % at 380 nm. The excellent performance of the BiOI/CuI composite film in photocatalytic CO2 reduction can be attributed to the construction of hydrophobic surface and S-scheme heterojunction with I3−/I− redox mediator, as confirmed by the in-situ XPS, hole injection test and cyclic voltammetry results. This study lays the groundwork for employing highly efficient iodide-based photocatalysts in gas-liquid-solid triphase catalytic systems.
通过简单的电沉积方法,在 FTO 基底上合成了由四方 BiOI 纳米片和立方相 CuI 纳米颗粒组成的光催化剂薄膜。有序纵横交错的纳米片结构使其具有外部疏水特性,可阻挡过量的 H2O 分子,进一步抑制 H2O 的竞争性还原过程。新型 BiOI/CuI 催化剂具有优异的光催化能力,可将 CO2 还原成 CO,对 H2O 蒸汽的选择性为 100%。通常情况下,最佳的 150BiOI/CuI 光催化剂在模拟太阳光照射 11 小时后的 CO 产率为 7237.65 μmol/cm2,在 380 纳米波长下的量子效率为 2.5%。原位 XPS、空穴注入测试和循环伏安法结果证实,BiOI/CuI 复合薄膜在光催化还原 CO2 方面的优异性能得益于其疏水表面和 S 型异质结与 I3-/I- 氧化还原介质的构建。这项研究为在气-液-固三相催化体系中使用高效碘化物基光催化剂奠定了基础。
{"title":"Variable valence I3−/I− ionic bridge assisting CuI nanoparticle/BiOI nanosheet S-scheme photocatalyst with hydrophobic surface for boosting CO2 conversion with 100 % CO selectivity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The photocatalyst film, composed of tetragonal BiOI nanosheets and cubic phase CuI nanoparticles, was synthesized on the FTO substrate by a simple electro-deposition method. The orderly crisscrossed nanosheet structure caused exterior hydrophobic property, resisting the excess H<sub>2</sub>O molecules and further inhibiting the competitive H<sub>2</sub>O reduction process. The novel BiOI/CuI catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic ability of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction into CO with 100 % selectivity in H<sub>2</sub>O vapor. Typically, the optimal 150BiOI/CuI photocatalyst exhibited CO yield of 7237.65 μmol/cm<sup>2</sup> after 11 h of simulated sunlight illumination, achieving quantum efficiency of 2.5 % at 380 nm. The excellent performance of the BiOI/CuI composite film in photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction can be attributed to the construction of hydrophobic surface and S-scheme heterojunction with I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/I<sup>−</sup> redox mediator, as confirmed by the in-situ XPS, hole injection test and cyclic voltammetry results. This study lays the groundwork for employing highly efficient iodide-based photocatalysts in gas-liquid-solid triphase catalytic systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121183
In this study, the efficiency of applying the KF/waste glass catalyst was tested in the transesterification of crambe oil under pressurized conditions for the synthesis of esters and glycerol carbonate (GLC). For this, a miscella pressurized extraction was used. The influence of temperature on different residence times was evaluated, and to verify the effect of the catalyst on the process, non-catalytic reactions were conducted. In reactions without the use of catalyst, a temperature of 250 °C was required to obtain >90 % esters yield. In the catalytic reactions, the operating conditions were reduced to 225 °C, to obtain ∼96 % esters yield, also providing the synthesis of a greater quantity of GLC, and a glycerol-free sample. The wet modification of powdered glass waste with KF results in the K2SiF6, NaF, CaF2, and KCaF3 phases. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of fluorinated compounds in the catalyst. Furthermore, calcium and sodium ions from the glass waste matrix support were the source for the crystalization of K2SiF6/CaF2/KCaF3 and NaF phases, respectively. The catalyst showed a good catalytic activity, promoting high ester and GLC formation at 225 °C, 10 min and 10 MPa, remaining with good performance even after 8h of reaction, but it is important to mention that the stability of the catalyst needs to be improved due to the leaching of K to Ca.
{"title":"Application of KF/waste glass catalyst in the synthesis of fatty acid esters under pressurized conditions without glycerol generation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the efficiency of applying the KF/waste glass catalyst was tested in the transesterification of crambe oil under pressurized conditions for the synthesis of esters and glycerol carbonate (GLC). For this, a miscella pressurized extraction was used. The influence of temperature on different residence times was evaluated, and to verify the effect of the catalyst on the process, non-catalytic reactions were conducted. In reactions without the use of catalyst, a temperature of 250 °C was required to obtain >90 % esters yield. In the catalytic reactions, the operating conditions were reduced to 225 °C, to obtain ∼96 % esters yield, also providing the synthesis of a greater quantity of GLC, and a glycerol-free sample. The wet modification of powdered glass waste with KF results in the K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>, NaF, CaF<sub>2</sub>, and KCaF<sub>3</sub> phases. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analyses showed the presence of fluorinated compounds in the catalyst. Furthermore, calcium and sodium ions from the glass waste matrix support were the source for the crystalization of K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>/CaF<sub>2</sub>/KCaF<sub>3</sub> and NaF phases, respectively. The catalyst showed a good catalytic activity, promoting high ester and GLC formation at 225 °C, 10 min and 10 MPa, remaining with good performance even after 8h of reaction, but it is important to mention that the stability of the catalyst needs to be improved due to the leaching of K to Ca.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121195
This work was focused on the evolution process of alkali lignin with a macromolecular structure in supercritical water gasification reactions. Using Quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the effects of different factors on the reaction process were studied, and the detailed pathways of main products were obtained. The results indicate that the presence of sulfur significantly inhibits the pyrolysis behavior of alkali lignin macromolecular structures. Sulfur significantly impacts the morphology of the intermediate molecular fragments of products containing 5–10 carbon atoms. Sulfur also has a significant inhibitory effect on the ring opening reaction of the benzene ring. Still, its effect on the final gas product distribution is not significant from a microscopic perspective. In addition, high temperature has a significant impact on improving the gasification efficiency of alkali lignin, while the scale of the reaction system has no significant effect on the distribution of gas products. This study will provide theoretical guidance for further improving the supercritical water gasification efficiency of lignin.
{"title":"Study on detailed reaction pathways of sulfur-containing alkali lignin during supercritical water gasification for hydrogen production","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work was focused on the evolution process of alkali lignin with a macromolecular structure in supercritical water gasification reactions. Using Quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the effects of different factors on the reaction process were studied, and the detailed pathways of main products were obtained. The results indicate that the presence of sulfur significantly inhibits the pyrolysis behavior of alkali lignin macromolecular structures. Sulfur significantly impacts the morphology of the intermediate molecular fragments of products containing 5–10 carbon atoms. Sulfur also has a significant inhibitory effect on the ring opening reaction of the benzene ring. Still, its effect on the final gas product distribution is not significant from a microscopic perspective. In addition, high temperature has a significant impact on improving the gasification efficiency of alkali lignin, while the scale of the reaction system has no significant effect on the distribution of gas products. This study will provide theoretical guidance for further improving the supercritical water gasification efficiency of lignin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121180
High entropy perovskite oxide (HEPO) is a potential electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but insufficient activity remains a problem. Oxygen vacancies can activate the lattice oxygen to induce the lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM), which can avoid the kinetic limitation present in adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), thereby improving the OER activity. Herein, we select the appropriate doping element (S) through analysis of ionic radius, electronegativity, and oxygen vacancy formation energy, and report an effective two-step oxygen vacancy strategy for introducing oxygen vacancies into HEPO through electrospinning and sulfurization treatment. This strategy optimizes the eg orbital filling electron number and significantly increases the active area, oxygen vacancy content and electroconductivity. Furthermore, the apparent pH dependence and the TMA+ inhibition phenomenon suggest the involvement of the LOM. Consequently, the resulting S/LMO-E has a lower overpotential (314 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and faster kinetics, and shows excellent stability. Meanwhile, the water splitting is achieved at 1.59 V to afford 10 mA cm−2 current density for S/LMO-E⎪⎢Pt/C, which is smaller than that of RuO2⎪⎢Pt/C (1.62 V). This work provides an attractive OER electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting to produce renewable hydrogen and opens a new way for the design of effective and stable high entropy material electrocatalysts.
高熵过氧化物(HEPO)是氧进化反应(OER)的潜在电催化剂,但活性不足仍是一个问题。氧空位可以激活晶格氧,诱导晶格氧介导机制(LOM),从而避免吸附剂进化机制(AEM)存在的动力学限制,提高 OER 活性。在此,我们通过对离子半径、电负性和氧空位形成能的分析,选择了合适的掺杂元素(S),并报告了一种有效的两步氧空位策略,即通过电纺丝和硫化处理将氧空位引入 HEPO。该策略优化了eg轨道填充电子数,显著增加了活性面积、氧空位含量和电导率。此外,明显的 pH 值依赖性和 TMA+ 抑制现象表明 LOM 的参与。因此,所制备的 S/LMO-E 具有更低的过电位(10 mA cm-2 时为 314 mV)和更快的动力学特性,并表现出卓越的稳定性。同时,S/LMO-E⎪⎢Pt/C 在 1.59 V 的电压下实现了水分裂,电流密度为 10 mA cm-2,小于 RuO2⎪⎢Pt/C(1.62 V)。这项工作为高效水分离生产可再生氢气提供了一种极具吸引力的 OER 电催化剂,并为设计有效、稳定的高熵材料电催化剂开辟了一条新途径。
{"title":"Constructing oxygen vacancies by selective anion doping in high entropy perovskite oxide for water splitting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High entropy perovskite oxide (HEPO) is a potential electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but insufficient activity remains a problem. Oxygen vacancies can activate the lattice oxygen to induce the lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM), which can avoid the kinetic limitation present in adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), thereby improving the OER activity. Herein, we select the appropriate doping element (S) through analysis of ionic radius, electronegativity, and oxygen vacancy formation energy, and report an effective two-step oxygen vacancy strategy for introducing oxygen vacancies into HEPO through electrospinning and sulfurization treatment. This strategy optimizes the e<sub>g</sub> orbital filling electron number and significantly increases the active area, oxygen vacancy content and electroconductivity. Furthermore, the apparent pH dependence and the TMA<sup>+</sup> inhibition phenomenon suggest the involvement of the LOM. Consequently, the resulting S/LMO-E has a lower overpotential (314 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and faster kinetics, and shows excellent stability. Meanwhile, the water splitting is achieved at 1.59 V to afford 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> current density for S/LMO-E⎪⎢Pt/C, which is smaller than that of RuO<sub>2</sub>⎪⎢Pt/C (1.62 V). This work provides an attractive OER electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting to produce renewable hydrogen and opens a new way for the design of effective and stable high entropy material electrocatalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121150
The limitation in bio-oil quality hampers its further utilization in the fuel or chemical industry. This study employed a combination of tetra propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and NaOH solutions for HZSM-5 desilication to enhance the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the catalytic co-pyrolysis of wheat straw with polyethylene. Results revealed hierarchical HZSM-5, prepared with equal mole concentrations of NaOH and TPAOH, exhibited optimal catalytic performance. The bio-oil from this process had an aromatic content of 72 %, with monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) constituting 56.26 %. Further optimization was achieved through iron modification of hierarchical HZSM-5. The addition of 0.5 % iron-modified hierarchical HZSM-5 increased the aromatic hydrocarbons to 80.57 %, with BTX compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) reaching a selectivity of 61.9 %. This approach reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contributing to less coke formation, presenting a promising method for high-quality bio-oil.
{"title":"Hierarchical HZSM-5 catalysts enhancing monocyclic aromatics selectivity in co-pyrolysis of wheat straw and polyethylene mixture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The limitation in bio-oil quality hampers its further utilization in the fuel or chemical industry. This study employed a combination of tetra propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and NaOH solutions for HZSM-5 desilication to enhance the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the catalytic co-pyrolysis of wheat straw with polyethylene. Results revealed hierarchical HZSM-5, prepared with equal mole concentrations of NaOH and TPAOH, exhibited optimal catalytic performance. The bio-oil from this process had an aromatic content of 72 %, with monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) constituting 56.26 %. Further optimization was achieved through iron modification of hierarchical HZSM-5. The addition of 0.5 % iron-modified hierarchical HZSM-5 increased the aromatic hydrocarbons to 80.57 %, with BTX compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) reaching a selectivity of 61.9 %. This approach reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contributing to less coke formation, presenting a promising method for high-quality bio-oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121193
Understanding the interactions between metals, corrosion products, and bio-oil (BO) is crucial for safe and efficient BO operations. This study explored BO aging and BO + steel (carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS)) immersion at 80 °C for 168 h, alongside experiments adding synthetic Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 powders to BO. Gas generated was analyzed via gas chromatography (GC). Results showed 80 °C was an optimal pre-heating temperature for BO without gas evolution. BO aging at up to 220 °C for 24 h increased CO2 and CO evolutions. CS immersion at 80 °C produced more H2 and CO2 than those at 50 °C, due to higher corrosion rates. The BO + Fe2O3 trial released less H2 but more CO2 compared to BO + CS immersion, due to internal BO reactions catalyzed by Fe2O3. BO + SS304L and BO + Cr2O3 trials showed similar H2 and CO2 production, highlighting the catalytic effect of Cr2O3. Leached Fe ions in BO formed chelate complexes with organic compounds, causing phase separation. These findings have significant implications for producing renewable biofuels via BO co-processing operations by emphasizing the need to optimize preheating temperatures, validate the compatibility of construction materials, and implement safety measures to mitigate gas accumulation risks.
了解金属、腐蚀产物和生物油(BO)之间的相互作用对于安全高效地运行生物油至关重要。本研究探讨了生物油老化和生物油 + 钢(碳钢 (CS) 和不锈钢 (SS))在 80 °C 下浸泡 168 小时,以及向生物油中添加合成 Fe2O3 和 Cr2O3 粉末的实验。产生的气体通过气相色谱法(GC)进行分析。结果表明,80 °C是BO不产生气体的最佳预热温度。BO 在 220 °C 下老化 24 小时会增加 CO2 和 CO 的挥发。由于腐蚀速率较高,在 80 °C 下浸泡希尔思比在 50 °C 下浸泡希尔思产生更多的 H2 和 CO2。与 BO + CS 浸泡相比,BO + Fe2O3 试验释放的 H2 更少,但 CO2 更多,这是由于 Fe2O3 催化了 BO 的内部反应。BO + SS304L 和 BO + Cr2O3 试验显示出相似的 H2 和 CO2 生成量,突出了 Cr2O3 的催化作用。BO 中浸出的铁离子与有机化合物形成螯合物,导致相分离。这些发现强调了优化预热温度、验证建筑材料兼容性和实施安全措施以降低气体积累风险的必要性,从而对通过 BO 共处理操作生产可再生生物燃料具有重要意义。
{"title":"Corrosion-induced changes in bio-oil aging: A gas chromatography exploration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the interactions between metals, corrosion products, and bio-oil (BO) is crucial for safe and efficient BO operations. This study explored BO aging and BO + steel (carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS)) immersion at 80 °C for 168 h, alongside experiments adding synthetic Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders to BO. Gas generated was analyzed via gas chromatography (GC). Results showed 80 °C was an optimal pre-heating temperature for BO without gas evolution. BO aging at up to 220 °C for 24 h increased CO<sub>2</sub> and CO evolutions. CS immersion at 80 °C produced more H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> than those at 50 °C, due to higher corrosion rates. The BO + Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> trial released less H<sub>2</sub> but more CO<sub>2</sub> compared to BO + CS immersion, due to internal BO reactions catalyzed by Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. BO + SS304L and BO + Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> trials showed similar H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> production, highlighting the catalytic effect of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Leached Fe ions in BO formed chelate complexes with organic compounds, causing phase separation. These findings have significant implications for producing renewable biofuels via BO co-processing operations by emphasizing the need to optimize preheating temperatures, validate the compatibility of construction materials, and implement safety measures to mitigate gas accumulation risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124012618/pdfft?md5=bd4df7b23c8e495ff643ee1d895c8685&pid=1-s2.0-S0960148124012618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121174
Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is essential to promoting the active consumption and low-carbon protection. The complex uncertainty of the photovoltaic system itself leads to the deviation in the photovoltaic power prediction. Therefore, we propose a new prediction model for coupled intelligence optimization. First, the photovoltaic power is decomposed into effective mode components using VMD optimized by GWO. Statistical techniques were used to analyze multidimensional uncertainty and extract features, then, optimize the performance of the coupled model. Second, the Zebra optimization (ZOA) establishes an appropriate balance between exploration and utilization to achieve the optimization of the model parameters. In addition, the CNN is used to extract complex features and enhance the correlation between input values and output values. Finally, the power was predicted using the BiLSTM. The results show that applying the statistical technique to the coupled prediction model not only reveals the uncertainty of photovoltaic systems but reduces the prediction error. Among them, the increased by 0.42 %, the values of MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and MAE were reduced to different degrees. It can better optimize the allocation and reasonable consumption of renewable energy, which provides the decision basis for the adjustment of renewable energy structure.
{"title":"Uncertainty analysis of photovoltaic power generation system and intelligent coupling prediction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is essential to promoting the active consumption and low-carbon protection. The complex uncertainty of the photovoltaic system itself leads to the deviation in the photovoltaic power prediction. Therefore, we propose a new prediction model for coupled intelligence optimization. First, the photovoltaic power is decomposed into effective mode components using VMD optimized by GWO. Statistical techniques were used to analyze multidimensional uncertainty and extract features, then, optimize the performance of the coupled model. Second, the Zebra optimization (ZOA) establishes an appropriate balance between exploration and utilization to achieve the optimization of the model parameters. In addition, the CNN is used to extract complex features and enhance the correlation between input values and output values. Finally, the power was predicted using the BiLSTM. The results show that applying the statistical technique to the coupled prediction model not only reveals the uncertainty of photovoltaic systems but reduces the prediction error. Among them, the <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> increased by 0.42 %, the values of MAPE, MSE, RMSE, and MAE were reduced to different degrees. It can better optimize the allocation and reasonable consumption of renewable energy, which provides the decision basis for the adjustment of renewable energy structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121191
Underground salt cavern storage has become the preferred medium for storing gas energy and strategic substances. Salt caverns are suitable for storing small molecular gases due to the low porosity and permeability of salt rocks. This paper comprehensively analyzes the physical properties of four gases - hydrogen, helium, methane, and carbon dioxide - under subsurface temperature and pressure conditions. It categorizes the flow regimes of these gases in salt rocks under geological pressure conditions based on the Knudsen number. In a typical 1000 m salt cavern, the predominant permeation flow regime of four gases in the surrounding rock is Klinkenberg flow, with helium potentially undergoing transitional flow at low operation pressures. A 3D numerical model is established for an actual salt cavern to compare the permeation and leakage characteristics of these gases within salt rock formations. Results indicate that, under identical operation conditions, the permeation range of the gases decreases in the following order: hydrogen > methane > helium > carbon dioxide. Under the cyclic operation pressures, the cumulative leakage amount of hydrogen, helium, and methane increases over time, while that of carbon dioxide initially rises and then decreases. This behavior is attributed to the fact that the reverse-permeation rate of carbon dioxide at low pressures exceeds its permeation rate at high pressures. Over 30 years cyclic operation, the leakage ratios of the gases are as follows: hydrogen (13.29 %), methane (9.34 %), helium (7.47 %), and carbon dioxide (0.93 %), with hydrogen exhibiting the highest and carbon dioxide the lowest leakage ratios. Larger permeability results in a larger permeation range, while larger porosity leads to a smaller permeation range. When the permeability of salt layer is greater than 1e-20 m2, the permeation range of hydrogen significantly increases. Gas leakage ratios increase with permeability nonlinearly and increase with porosity linearly. The impact of salt layer permeability on leakage ratios is greater than that of porosity. This study provides crucial guidance for the selection of geological formations for storing hydrogen, helium, methane, and carbon dioxide in salt caverns, as well as the investigation of gas permeation characteristics in salt layers.
{"title":"Gas tightness around salt cavern gas storage in bedded salt formations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Underground salt cavern storage has become the preferred medium for storing gas energy and strategic substances. Salt caverns are suitable for storing small molecular gases due to the low porosity and permeability of salt rocks. This paper comprehensively analyzes the physical properties of four gases - hydrogen, helium, methane, and carbon dioxide - under subsurface temperature and pressure conditions. It categorizes the flow regimes of these gases in salt rocks under geological pressure conditions based on the Knudsen number. In a typical 1000 m salt cavern, the predominant permeation flow regime of four gases in the surrounding rock is Klinkenberg flow, with helium potentially undergoing transitional flow at low operation pressures. A 3D numerical model is established for an actual salt cavern to compare the permeation and leakage characteristics of these gases within salt rock formations. Results indicate that, under identical operation conditions, the permeation range of the gases decreases in the following order: hydrogen > methane > helium > carbon dioxide. Under the cyclic operation pressures, the cumulative leakage amount of hydrogen, helium, and methane increases over time, while that of carbon dioxide initially rises and then decreases. This behavior is attributed to the fact that the reverse-permeation rate of carbon dioxide at low pressures exceeds its permeation rate at high pressures. Over 30 years cyclic operation, the leakage ratios of the gases are as follows: hydrogen (13.29 %), methane (9.34 %), helium (7.47 %), and carbon dioxide (0.93 %), with hydrogen exhibiting the highest and carbon dioxide the lowest leakage ratios. Larger permeability results in a larger permeation range, while larger porosity leads to a smaller permeation range. When the permeability of salt layer is greater than 1e-20 m<sup>2</sup>, the permeation range of hydrogen significantly increases. Gas leakage ratios increase with permeability nonlinearly and increase with porosity linearly. The impact of salt layer permeability on leakage ratios is greater than that of porosity. This study provides crucial guidance for the selection of geological formations for storing hydrogen, helium, methane, and carbon dioxide in salt caverns, as well as the investigation of gas permeation characteristics in salt layers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121165
We examined the internal behavior of an electrochemical hydrogen compressor under high-pressure conditions. In doing so, we focused on the changes in compressor efficiency and power consumption in response to intensified hydrogen back-diffusion under high pressures and various values of other parameters. First, as the operating temperature increased, the power consumed to achieve the same pressure ratio increased. This increased in power consumption was attributed to the fact that as the temperature increased, hydrogen back-diffusion intensified, which necessitated a net forward flux and induced flow losses. Second, as the relative humidity increased, power consumption decreased, and compressor efficiency increased. Although higher relative humidity intensifies back-diffusion, leading to flow losses, the accompanying significant decrease in ohmic losses increases compressor efficiency. By adjusting factors such as temperature and relative humidity, compressor efficiency can potentially be increased by up to 1.78 times. At high pressure ratios, hydrogen back-diffusion was inherently strong, and it became stronger at higher temperatures and relative humidities. Therefore, the compressor was more efficient when it was operated at lower temperatures and higher relative humidities. At the optimal operating temperature of 50 °C and 100 % relative humidity, the compressor efficiency peaked at 97.507 % when the pressure ratio was 100.
{"title":"Analysis of internal behavior of electrochemical hydrogen compressors at high pressures","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examined the internal behavior of an electrochemical hydrogen compressor under high-pressure conditions. In doing so, we focused on the changes in compressor efficiency and power consumption in response to intensified hydrogen back-diffusion under high pressures and various values of other parameters. First, as the operating temperature increased, the power consumed to achieve the same pressure ratio increased. This increased in power consumption was attributed to the fact that as the temperature increased, hydrogen back-diffusion intensified, which necessitated a net forward flux and induced flow losses. Second, as the relative humidity increased, power consumption decreased, and compressor efficiency increased. Although higher relative humidity intensifies back-diffusion, leading to flow losses, the accompanying significant decrease in ohmic losses increases compressor efficiency. By adjusting factors such as temperature and relative humidity, compressor efficiency can potentially be increased by up to 1.78 times. At high pressure ratios, hydrogen back-diffusion was inherently strong, and it became stronger at higher temperatures and relative humidities. Therefore, the compressor was more efficient when it was operated at lower temperatures and higher relative humidities. At the optimal operating temperature of 50 °C and 100 % relative humidity, the compressor efficiency peaked at 97.507 % when the pressure ratio was 100.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121078
Water resources are under increasing pressure from ever-increasing demand from industry and society. However, water is a limited resource that must be sustainable and protected. This problem is highlighted in desert areas, where water quality and abundance are scarce. Solar-powered water treatment systems are an inexpensive solution to ensure water quality for human consumption. This research analyzes solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in three populated Chilean cities to study the potential feasibility of the solar-powered photo-Fenton process for wastewater remediation. To generate long-term UVR values, satellite and reanalysis data and the Radiative Transfer Model were used. Results show high daily levels of solar ultraviolet irradiation, 1299.95kJm−2 for Antofagasta. The shortest treatment time for summer operation was observed in Santiago (21 min), followed by Antofagasta (34 min), and Concepción (35 min). Santiago presented the lowest volume of photoreactors during the summer (297 L) and Antofagasta during the winter (1589 L). This is the first preliminary analysis showing the possibilities of exploiting the potential of UVR in Chilean cities to provide tools for integrating water treatment technologies. This research motivates further studies on spectral radiation and emerging advanced oxidation technologies and the development of prospects for water and wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Characterization of solar-derivate ultraviolet radiation for water solar treatment applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.121078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water resources are under increasing pressure from ever-increasing demand from industry and society. However, water is a limited resource that must be sustainable and protected. This problem is highlighted in desert areas, where water quality and abundance are scarce. Solar-powered water treatment systems are an inexpensive solution to ensure water quality for human consumption. This research analyzes solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in three populated Chilean cities to study the potential feasibility of the solar-powered photo-Fenton process for wastewater remediation. To generate long-term UVR values, satellite and reanalysis data and the Radiative Transfer Model were used. Results show high daily levels of solar ultraviolet irradiation, 1299.95kJm<sup>−2</sup> for Antofagasta. The shortest treatment time for summer operation was observed in Santiago (21 min), followed by Antofagasta (34 min), and Concepción (35 min). Santiago presented the lowest volume of photoreactors during the summer (297 L) and Antofagasta during the winter (1589 L). This is the first preliminary analysis showing the possibilities of exploiting the potential of UVR in Chilean cities to provide tools for integrating water treatment technologies. This research motivates further studies on spectral radiation and emerging advanced oxidation technologies and the development of prospects for water and wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124011467/pdfft?md5=c6adb24fb80de3ee2cb7004955266825&pid=1-s2.0-S0960148124011467-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}