Locally produced wood charcoal was explored as a sustainable and competitive precursor for activated carbon (ACs) applied to advanced energy storage applications. Three different activation strategies were applied: steam activation, KOH activation after physical mixing (KOH-p), and KOH activation after impregnation (KOH-imp). All materials demonstrated good electrochemical performance at low charging rates, achieving specific cell capacitance above 40 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 in acidic aqueous electrolyte with the best-performing material demonstrating a remarkable cell capacitance value of 64 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 (i.e., a specific electrode capacitance of 257 F g−1) while retaining 85 % and 73 % of its performance at 5 and 40 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, despite comparable BET areas (∼1500 m2 g−1) and microporous volumes (∼0.5 cm3 g−1), ACs produced by KOH-p exhibited restricted micropore accessibility, leading to lower performance at high charging rates. In contrast, ACs with increased pore volume and wider pore size from the AC-KOH-p series retained 73 % of their capacitance, while the KOH-imp series stabilized at 55 %. These findings highlight the critical role of hierarchical porosity and effective micropore accessibility in enhancing charge transport and overall electrochemical performance, reinforcing the value of local biomass sources in the development of sustainable energy storage materials.
当地生产的木炭被探索作为一种可持续的和有竞争力的前体活性炭（ACs）应用于先进的能源储存应用。采用三种不同的活化策略：蒸汽活化、物理混合后的KOH活化（KOH-p）和浸渍后的KOH活化（KOH-imp）。所有材料在低充电速率下都表现出良好的电化学性能，在0.5 A g−1的酸性水溶液中，电池比电容达到40 F g−1以上，其中性能最好的材料在0.5 A g−1的条件下，电池比电容达到64 F g−1（即257 F g−1），而在5和40 A g−1的条件下，电池性能分别保持了85%和73%。此外，尽管BET面积（~ 1500 m2 g−1）和微孔体积（~ 0.5 cm3 g−1）相当，KOH-p产生的ac表现出有限的微孔可及性，导致在高充电速率下性能较低。相比之下，孔容增大、孔径增大的AC-KOH-p系列的ac保留了73%的电容，而KOH-imp系列则稳定在55%。这些发现强调了分层孔隙度和有效微孔可达性在增强电荷传输和整体电化学性能方面的关键作用，增强了局部生物质资源在可持续储能材料开发中的价值。
{"title":"From local wood charcoal to high-performance supercapacitors: The role of pore accessibility","authors":"Pauline Blyweert , Jimena Castro-Gutiérrez , Solène Gentil , Vanessa Fierro , Alain Celzard","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Locally produced wood charcoal was explored as a sustainable and competitive precursor for activated carbon (ACs) applied to advanced energy storage applications. Three different activation strategies were applied: steam activation, KOH activation after physical mixing (<em>KOH-p</em>), and KOH activation after impregnation (<em>KOH-imp</em>). All materials demonstrated good electrochemical performance at low charging rates, achieving specific cell capacitance above 40 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> in acidic aqueous electrolyte with the best-performing material demonstrating a remarkable cell capacitance value of 64 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> (<em>i.e.,</em> a specific electrode capacitance of 257 F g<sup>−1</sup>) while retaining 85 % and 73 % of its performance at 5 and 40 A g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Moreover, despite comparable BET areas (∼1500 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and microporous volumes (∼0.5 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), ACs produced by <em>KOH-p</em> exhibited restricted micropore accessibility, leading to lower performance at high charging rates. In contrast, ACs with increased pore volume and wider pore size from the AC-<em>KOH-p</em> series retained 73 % of their capacitance, while the <em>KOH-imp</em> series stabilized at 55 %. These findings highlight the critical role of hierarchical porosity and effective micropore accessibility in enhancing charge transport and overall electrochemical performance, reinforcing the value of local biomass sources in the development of sustainable energy storage materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124992"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124972
Chaojun Shi , Xiongbin Xie , Ke Zhang , Xiaoyun Zhang , Zibo Su , Junchi Xiao
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation depends on solar irradiance fluctuations, primarily caused by cloud movement. Specifically, different cloud types and distributions can substantially affect solar irradiance. Therefore, precise analysis of cloud conditions is crucial for reliable PV power forecasting. However, the lack of significant advancement in fine-grained segmentation of cloud images over PV power stations impedes the acquisition of the high-quality data necessary for accurate PV power forecasting. To address this limitation, this study quantifies surface irradiance attenuation under different cloud types by comparing theoretical and actual values using synchronized ground-based cloud images. Building upon this research, a fine-grained cloud image segmentation dataset tailored for PV power forecasting is constructed to establish the correlation between cloud optical properties and irradiance attenuation characteristics. Furthermore, we propose CloudPVNet, a fine-grained ground-based cloud image segmentation model for PV power forecasting, including the parallel convolution attention (PCA) module and the wavelet-enhanced feature fusion (WE-FF) module. The PCA module combines multi-branch convolution and directional attention to capture multi-scale cloud features. The WE-FF module uses wavelet convolution to extract low-frequency features for fusion, enhancing upsampling and boundary delineation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing cloud segmentation methods, offering superior adaptability and reliability in PV applications.
{"title":"CloudPVNet: A fine-grained ground-based cloud image segmentation method for photovoltaic power forecasting","authors":"Chaojun Shi , Xiongbin Xie , Ke Zhang , Xiaoyun Zhang , Zibo Su , Junchi Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) power generation depends on solar irradiance fluctuations, primarily caused by cloud movement. Specifically, different cloud types and distributions can substantially affect solar irradiance. Therefore, precise analysis of cloud conditions is crucial for reliable PV power forecasting. However, the lack of significant advancement in fine-grained segmentation of cloud images over PV power stations impedes the acquisition of the high-quality data necessary for accurate PV power forecasting. To address this limitation, this study quantifies surface irradiance attenuation under different cloud types by comparing theoretical and actual values using synchronized ground-based cloud images. Building upon this research, a fine-grained cloud image segmentation dataset tailored for PV power forecasting is constructed to establish the correlation between cloud optical properties and irradiance attenuation characteristics. Furthermore, we propose CloudPVNet, a fine-grained ground-based cloud image segmentation model for PV power forecasting, including the parallel convolution attention (PCA) module and the wavelet-enhanced feature fusion (WE-FF) module. The PCA module combines multi-branch convolution and directional attention to capture multi-scale cloud features. The WE-FF module uses wavelet convolution to extract low-frequency features for fusion, enhancing upsampling and boundary delineation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing cloud segmentation methods, offering superior adaptability and reliability in PV applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124972"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124984
Ruoxuan Zheng , Shuang Liu , Tianlu He , Chaofan Zu , Di Yin , Yufeng Bai , Chunlong Yue , Tai Peng
The development of energy storage technologies has emerged as a crucial initiative to address global energy challenges. However, existing phase change materials (PCMs) such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) suffer from inherent drawbacks including low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability. To tackle these issues, this study developed a carbon-stitching strategy that directs 1D boron nitride nanorod (BNNR) and 2D boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) to co-assemble into a 3D skeleton inspired by natural abalone shell, thereby establishing an efficient heat transfer network. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared PEG/BNc-10/UV composite PCM exhibited a thermal conductivity of 1.33 W · m−1 K−1. Compared with pure PEG, this represented a 441 % increase in thermal conductivity, while the latent heat retention rate remained as high as 89 %. Through an ingenious design, the encapsulation with UV-curable resin not only prevents the leakage of PEG but also imparts waterproof properties to the composite. This expands the application of PCMs in underwater environments. This study provides a new design paradigm for the development of high-efficiency energy storage materials suitable for diverse environmental conditions.
{"title":"Bio-inspired carbon-stitched 3D boron nitride skeleton with enhanced thermal conductivity and waterproof performance for polyethylene glycol-based composite phase change materials","authors":"Ruoxuan Zheng , Shuang Liu , Tianlu He , Chaofan Zu , Di Yin , Yufeng Bai , Chunlong Yue , Tai Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of energy storage technologies has emerged as a crucial initiative to address global energy challenges. However, existing phase change materials (PCMs) such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) suffer from inherent drawbacks including low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability. To tackle these issues, this study developed a carbon-stitching strategy that directs 1D boron nitride nanorod (BNNR) and 2D boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) to co-assemble into a 3D skeleton inspired by natural abalone shell, thereby establishing an efficient heat transfer network. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared PEG/BN<sub>c</sub>-10/UV composite PCM exhibited a thermal conductivity of 1.33 W · m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>. Compared with pure PEG, this represented a 441 % increase in thermal conductivity, while the latent heat retention rate remained as high as 89 %. Through an ingenious design, the encapsulation with UV-curable resin not only prevents the leakage of PEG but also imparts waterproof properties to the composite. This expands the application of PCMs in underwater environments. This study provides a new design paradigm for the development of high-efficiency energy storage materials suitable for diverse environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124984"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124966
Xiaona Lin , Zhen Sun , Xiaojie Zhuansun , Hongtao Li , Cheng Sun , Peng Fu
The co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics involves complex solid-solid, solid-gas, and gas-gas phase interactions. Understanding the gas-phase interactions during ex-situ catalysis is essential for regulating product distribution. This study investigated the catalytic mechanisms governing gas-phase interactions between model biomass-derived oxygenates (methanol, acetic acid, acetone, furfural, guaiacol) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-derived 1-pentene over HZSM-5. The results indicate that hydrogen transfer from 1-pentene was identified as critical for the deoxygenation of methanol and acetone, achieving synergistic mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) production of 78.1 % and 87.2 %, respectively. Conversely, the self- and co-polymerization of furfural at active sites inhibited the aromatization of 1-pentene, reducing MAHs formation by 23.3 % compared to the calculated value. Additionally, competitive adsorption of guaiacol irreversibly blocked the acid sites required for 1-pentene, suppressing the MAHs content by 37.8 %. By decoupling the interactions between biomass components and HDPE, it was found that the gas-phase interactions positively influenced aromatics formation to varying degrees. Specifically, co-pyrolysis of cellulose and HDPE maximized MAHs formation by 19.3 % via hydrogen transfer deoxygenation and olefin cyclization, while lignin promoted PAHs production by 14.6 % due to phenolic polymerization. This work provides valuable insights into the synergistic effect during the catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics for selective aromatic production.
{"title":"Decoupling gas-gas phase interactions in catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic over HZSM-5: Molecular mechanisms of synergy between oxygenates and olefins","authors":"Xiaona Lin , Zhen Sun , Xiaojie Zhuansun , Hongtao Li , Cheng Sun , Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics involves complex solid-solid, solid-gas, and gas-gas phase interactions. Understanding the gas-phase interactions during ex-situ catalysis is essential for regulating product distribution. This study investigated the catalytic mechanisms governing gas-phase interactions between model biomass-derived oxygenates (methanol, acetic acid, acetone, furfural, guaiacol) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-derived 1-pentene over HZSM-5. The results indicate that hydrogen transfer from 1-pentene was identified as critical for the deoxygenation of methanol and acetone, achieving synergistic mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) production of 78.1 % and 87.2 %, respectively. Conversely, the self- and co-polymerization of furfural at active sites inhibited the aromatization of 1-pentene, reducing MAHs formation by 23.3 % compared to the calculated value. Additionally, competitive adsorption of guaiacol irreversibly blocked the acid sites required for 1-pentene, suppressing the MAHs content by 37.8 %. By decoupling the interactions between biomass components and HDPE, it was found that the gas-phase interactions positively influenced aromatics formation to varying degrees. Specifically, co-pyrolysis of cellulose and HDPE maximized MAHs formation by 19.3 % via hydrogen transfer deoxygenation and olefin cyclization, while lignin promoted PAHs production by 14.6 % due to phenolic polymerization. This work provides valuable insights into the synergistic effect during the catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics for selective aromatic production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124966"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124903
Noelia López-Franca , Miguel Ángel Gaertner , Enrique Sánchez , Claudia Gutiérrez , María Ortega , Clemente Gallardo
Incorporating renewable energy sources is crucial to achieve European climate neutrality by 2050. The Iberian Peninsula (IP) is a benchmark in this regard, with significant potential in offshore wind energy. This study analyzes availability, persistence, complementarity, and synergy with existing solar and onshore wind sources, using the COSMO-REA6 reanalysis and real generation data from iberian electricity grids. Offshore wind energy exhibits higher availability and lower seasonal variability compared to solar and onshore wind, particularly at medium-high capacity factor thresholds. Offshore wind energy shows significant potential to complement solar and onshore wind energy, especially in summer, when peak electricity demand occurs. The great geographical diversity of offshore wind resources determines substantial differences in the complementarity characteristics of the representative offshore wind areas in A Coruña, Girona, Malaga and Lisboa. Thus, the incorporation of offshore wind energy into the Iberian renewable energy mix can reduce dependence on a single energy source, increase energy security and mitigate the risk of energy shortages, especially during peak demand periods. This integration is aligned with the objectives of the European Green Deal and supports the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system in the IP.
{"title":"Offshore wind energy in the Iberian Peninsula: A comparative analysis of availability, persistence, and complementarity with onshore wind and solar photovoltaic generation","authors":"Noelia López-Franca , Miguel Ángel Gaertner , Enrique Sánchez , Claudia Gutiérrez , María Ortega , Clemente Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporating renewable energy sources is crucial to achieve European climate neutrality by 2050. The Iberian Peninsula (IP) is a benchmark in this regard, with significant potential in offshore wind energy. This study analyzes availability, persistence, complementarity, and synergy with existing solar and onshore wind sources, using the COSMO-REA6 reanalysis and real generation data from iberian electricity grids. Offshore wind energy exhibits higher availability and lower seasonal variability compared to solar and onshore wind, particularly at medium-high capacity factor thresholds. Offshore wind energy shows significant potential to complement solar and onshore wind energy, especially in summer, when peak electricity demand occurs. The great geographical diversity of offshore wind resources determines substantial differences in the complementarity characteristics of the representative offshore wind areas in A Coruña, Girona, Malaga and Lisboa. Thus, the incorporation of offshore wind energy into the Iberian renewable energy mix can reduce dependence on a single energy source, increase energy security and mitigate the risk of energy shortages, especially during peak demand periods. This integration is aligned with the objectives of the European Green Deal and supports the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system in the IP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124903"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124965
Ruili Peng , Chenglong Luo , Jiechuang Peng , Junjie Zong , Jie Ji , Xinzhu Chen , Qi Luo , Qingyang Jiang , Xiaoxiao Su , Hua Zhang
Water-based photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy generation in aquatic environments, addressing land scarcity while enhancing the efficiency of the energy-water nexus. This review systematically analyzes material selection, optical properties, PV performance, and practical implementations of submerged and floating PV systems through a synthesis of prior experimental datasets. Broad-bandgap materials, including amorphous silicon (a-Si), indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), and inorganic perovskites, demonstrate superior underwater performance through spectral alignment with attenuated solar irradiation. Optical analysis reveals that water layers reduce reflection losses (yielding a 2–8 % transmittance gain) while altering solar spectra, with infrared absorption exhibiting exponential growth with depth. Floating PV (FPV) systems reduce water evaporation by 28 %, while submerged PV (SPV) modules exhibit up to a 40 °C temperature reduction compared to air-exposed counterparts, enhancing operational stability. Critical barriers to commercialization include biofouling-induced efficiency degradation (18–25 % after 200 days), material corrosion in saline environments, and ecological impacts that require mitigation strategies such as self-cleaning nanocoatings and ecological monitoring protocols. The 90 %-lighter flexible solar cells enable PV-USV/AUV integration. Hybrid systems demonstrate 12-day endurance (vs. the hours baseline), sustaining 7-h operations through 72-h cloud coverage at 5.8 kWh/day, though curved-surface installation necessitates improved MPPT methods. The remarkable performance of water-based PV modules underscores their considerable application potential. Future directions emphasize advanced encapsulation technologies, AI-driven energy management, and ecological impact assessments for large-scale deployment. This study provides foundational insights for aquatic PV deployment, establishing the technology as a multifunctional strategy for decarbonizing the blue economy, simultaneously conserving land resources, enabling marine autonomy, and enhancing ecological resilience.
{"title":"Water-based photovoltaic technology: A comprehensive analysis of material selection, optical characteristics, photovoltaic performance, and practical applications","authors":"Ruili Peng , Chenglong Luo , Jiechuang Peng , Junjie Zong , Jie Ji , Xinzhu Chen , Qi Luo , Qingyang Jiang , Xiaoxiao Su , Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-based photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy generation in aquatic environments, addressing land scarcity while enhancing the efficiency of the energy-water nexus. This review systematically analyzes material selection, optical properties, PV performance, and practical implementations of submerged and floating PV systems through a synthesis of prior experimental datasets. Broad-bandgap materials, including amorphous silicon (a-Si), indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), and inorganic perovskites, demonstrate superior underwater performance through spectral alignment with attenuated solar irradiation. Optical analysis reveals that water layers reduce reflection losses (yielding a 2–8 % transmittance gain) while altering solar spectra, with infrared absorption exhibiting exponential growth with depth. Floating PV (FPV) systems reduce water evaporation by 28 %, while submerged PV (SPV) modules exhibit up to a 40 °C temperature reduction compared to air-exposed counterparts, enhancing operational stability. Critical barriers to commercialization include biofouling-induced efficiency degradation (18–25 % after 200 days), material corrosion in saline environments, and ecological impacts that require mitigation strategies such as self-cleaning nanocoatings and ecological monitoring protocols. The 90 %-lighter flexible solar cells enable PV-USV/AUV integration. Hybrid systems demonstrate 12-day endurance (vs. the hours baseline), sustaining 7-h operations through 72-h cloud coverage at 5.8 kWh/day, though curved-surface installation necessitates improved MPPT methods. The remarkable performance of water-based PV modules underscores their considerable application potential. Future directions emphasize advanced encapsulation technologies, AI-driven energy management, and ecological impact assessments for large-scale deployment. This study provides foundational insights for aquatic PV deployment, establishing the technology as a multifunctional strategy for decarbonizing the blue economy, simultaneously conserving land resources, enabling marine autonomy, and enhancing ecological resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124965"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124963
Jianqiang Ye , Shixing Wang , Rong Zhu , Dawei Xiang , Likang Fu , Gengwei Zhang , Guo Lin
Developing highly active anode materials and sustainable development for zinc electrowinning to reduce energy consumption remains a challenge. In this study, PbO2 electrodes were modified using porous organic polymer (POP) with vacancies for improve their catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in zinc electrowinning. The effects of POP modification on the surface morphology and phase structure of the PbO2 electrode were investigated, revealing that POP modification altered the electronic structure of the PbO2 electrode. Theoretical calculations indicated that the POP achieved the most optimal electronic structure around Pb and O atoms. This resulted in a downshifted d-band centre, which reduced the free energy of the rate-determining step (∗O + H2O → ∗OOH + H+) of the OER while enhancing intrinsic activity. The prepared PbO2-POP electrodes exhibited excellent acidic OER performance at 50 mA cm−2 in 1.53 M H2SO4. Moreover, simulated Zn electrowinning experiments revealed that the PbO2-POP electrodes increased current efficiency of 3.56 % and reduced energy consumption of 137.16 kW h t−1 compared with traditional Pb-Ag alloys. The results contribute to the development of anodic electrocatalysts for nonferrous-metal electrowinning and sustainable development of zinc electrowinning.
开发高活性阳极材料，实现锌电积的可持续发展，降低能耗，是锌电积技术面临的挑战。本研究采用多孔有机聚合物（POP）对PbO2电极进行修饰，以提高其在锌电积过程中析氧反应（OER）的催化活性。研究了POP修饰对PbO2电极表面形貌和相结构的影响，发现POP修饰改变了PbO2电极的电子结构。理论计算表明，POP在Pb和O原子周围的电子结构最优。这导致了d带中心的下移，从而降低了OER的速率决定步骤（∗O + H2O→∗OOH + H+）的自由能，同时增强了本征活性。制备的PbO2-POP电极在1.53 M H2SO4中，在50 mA cm−2条件下表现出优异的酸性OER性能。此外，模拟Zn电积实验表明，与传统的Pb-Ag合金相比，PbO2-POP电极的电流效率提高了3.56%，能耗降低了137.16 kW h t−1。研究结果有助于有色金属电积阳极电催化剂的发展和锌电积的可持续发展。
{"title":"Modifying PbO2 electrodes with vacancy-rich porous organic polymer to promote energy saving zinc electrowinning","authors":"Jianqiang Ye , Shixing Wang , Rong Zhu , Dawei Xiang , Likang Fu , Gengwei Zhang , Guo Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly active anode materials and sustainable development for zinc electrowinning to reduce energy consumption remains a challenge. In this study, PbO<sub>2</sub> electrodes were modified using porous organic polymer (POP) with vacancies for improve their catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in zinc electrowinning. The effects of POP modification on the surface morphology and phase structure of the PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode were investigated, revealing that POP modification altered the electronic structure of the PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode. Theoretical calculations indicated that the POP achieved the most optimal electronic structure around Pb and O atoms. This resulted in a downshifted d-band centre, which reduced the free energy of the rate-determining step (∗O + H<sub>2</sub>O → ∗OOH + H<sup>+</sup>) of the OER while enhancing intrinsic activity. The prepared PbO<sub>2</sub>-POP electrodes exhibited excellent acidic OER performance at 50 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in 1.53 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, simulated Zn electrowinning experiments revealed that the PbO<sub>2</sub>-POP electrodes increased current efficiency of 3.56 % and reduced energy consumption of 137.16 kW h t<sup>−1</sup> compared with traditional Pb-Ag alloys. The results contribute to the development of anodic electrocatalysts for nonferrous-metal electrowinning and sustainable development of zinc electrowinning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124963"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124952
Yichen Lv , Mingyun Gao , Xinping Xiao
Accurate short-term wind power forecasting is crucial for enhancing the operational efficiency and grid integration of wind farms, contributing significantly to pollution reduction and energy conservation. To address the seasonal variations and multi-factor dependencies inherent in wind power generation, this study develops a novel seasonal multivariable grey model (SMGM(1,N)) incorporating numerical weather prediction data. The proposed SMGM(1,N) is proven to provide unbiased predictions for short-term wind power generation. Based on this model, the interval prediction is designed using an intelligent optimization algorithm and the Bootstrap method. For illustration and verification purposes, Belgian onshore and offshore wind farm generation sets are studied. Results demonstrate that SMGM(1,N) achieves superior forecasting accuracy, yielding the lowest MAPE values of 1.74 % (onshore) and 1.76 % (offshore) in point prediction, alongside optimal performance in interval prediction metrics (coverage width-based criterion and average interval score) compared to six benchmark models. This advancement provides reliable generation uncertainty quantification for improved wind farm management.
{"title":"Unbiased forecasting of seasonal wind power generation based on a novel seasonal multivariable grey model","authors":"Yichen Lv , Mingyun Gao , Xinping Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term wind power forecasting is crucial for enhancing the operational efficiency and grid integration of wind farms, contributing significantly to pollution reduction and energy conservation. To address the seasonal variations and multi-factor dependencies inherent in wind power generation, this study develops a novel seasonal multivariable grey model (SMGM(1,N)) incorporating numerical weather prediction data. The proposed SMGM(1,N) is proven to provide unbiased predictions for short-term wind power generation. Based on this model, the interval prediction is designed using an intelligent optimization algorithm and the Bootstrap method. For illustration and verification purposes, Belgian onshore and offshore wind farm generation sets are studied. Results demonstrate that SMGM(1,N) achieves superior forecasting accuracy, yielding the lowest MAPE values of 1.74 % (onshore) and 1.76 % (offshore) in point prediction, alongside optimal performance in interval prediction metrics (coverage width-based criterion and average interval score) compared to six benchmark models. This advancement provides reliable generation uncertainty quantification for improved wind farm management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124952"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124964
Yongxiang Guo , Yapeng Zhan , Junyao Wang , Libin Lei , Chao Wang , Riyang Shu , Xianglong Luo , Yuhe Liao , Zhipeng Tian , Ying Chen
Acetic acid is one of the major components of the aqueous bio-oil. Steam reforming of medium-low temperature acetic acid to produce H2 is important for addressing the energy crisis and challenges of global climate change. However, catalysts for steam reforming still suffer from low H2 selectivity, low conversion and poor long-term stability. Spinel supports with varying Ni/Mg molar ratios were synthesized via co-precipitation, followed by the loading of cobalt via wet impregnation. The effects of reaction temperature, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C), and carrier gas dilution level on acetic acid steam reforming were systematically evaluated. Stability tests were conducted at 550 °C, S/C = 3, and a N2 flow rate of 35 mL/min to investigate the catalyst's resistance to coking and long-term stability. The 5Co/(Ni0.8Mg0.2)Al2O4 catalyst exhibits 99.8 % conversion under the conditions of T = 550 °C, N2 flow rate = 35 mL/min, LHSV = 11.25 h−1, and S/C = 5, along with 85.9 % H2 selectivity and 72.1 % conversion at S/C = 7 and N2 flow rate = 65 mL/min while maintaining other parameters unchanged. This superior performance is a well-balanced distribution of acidic and basic sites, leading to more active sites. The 5Co/(Ni0.5Mg0.5)Al2O4 catalyst exhibits a high activity and enhanced long-term stability: the conversion of acetic acid reaches 86.0 % and H2 yield remains stable near 2.43 molH2/molAcOH over a 50-h reaction period under the conditions of T = 550 °C, N2 flow rate = 35 mL/min, LHSV = 11.25 h−1, and S/C = 3 due to precisely controlled metal particle size and optimized oxygen vacancy concentration. The catalytic mechanism and the formation pathways of methanol and acetone in steam reforming are investigated and discussed. The present work provides extensive information about the acetic acid steam reforming process for producing hydrogen, and offers a significant contribution to valorisation of aqueous phase bio-oil.
{"title":"Catalytic steam reforming of acetic acid from aqueous bio-oil for efficient hydrogen production over high stable Co/(NixMgy)Al2O4 catalyst","authors":"Yongxiang Guo , Yapeng Zhan , Junyao Wang , Libin Lei , Chao Wang , Riyang Shu , Xianglong Luo , Yuhe Liao , Zhipeng Tian , Ying Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acetic acid is one of the major components of the aqueous bio-oil. Steam reforming of medium-low temperature acetic acid to produce H<sub>2</sub> is important for addressing the energy crisis and challenges of global climate change. However, catalysts for steam reforming still suffer from low H<sub>2</sub> selectivity, low conversion and poor long-term stability. Spinel supports with varying Ni/Mg molar ratios were synthesized via co-precipitation, followed by the loading of cobalt via wet impregnation. The effects of reaction temperature, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C), and carrier gas dilution level on acetic acid steam reforming were systematically evaluated. Stability tests were conducted at 550 °C, S/C = 3, and a N<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 35 mL/min to investigate the catalyst's resistance to coking and long-term stability. The 5Co/(Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Mg<sub>0.2</sub>)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst exhibits 99.8 % conversion under the conditions of T = 550 °C, N<sub>2</sub> flow rate = 35 mL/min, LHSV = 11.25 h<sup>−1</sup>, and S/C = 5, along with 85.9 % H<sub>2</sub> selectivity and 72.1 % conversion at S/C = 7 and N<sub>2</sub> flow rate = 65 mL/min while maintaining other parameters unchanged. This superior performance is a well-balanced distribution of acidic and basic sites, leading to more active sites. The 5Co/(Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mg<sub>0.5</sub>)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst exhibits a high activity and enhanced long-term stability: the conversion of acetic acid reaches 86.0 % and H<sub>2</sub> yield remains stable near 2.43 molH<sub>2</sub>/mol<sub>AcOH</sub> over a 50-h reaction period under the conditions of T = 550 °C, N<sub>2</sub> flow rate = 35 mL/min, LHSV = 11.25 h<sup>−1</sup>, and S/C = 3 due to precisely controlled metal particle size and optimized oxygen vacancy concentration. The catalytic mechanism and the formation pathways of methanol and acetone in steam reforming are investigated and discussed. The present work provides extensive information about the acetic acid steam reforming process for producing hydrogen, and offers a significant contribution to valorisation of aqueous phase bio-oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124964"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124962
Xiaolong Fu , Yong Chen , Deyou Li , Hongjie Wang , Zhenggui Li , Xianzhu Wei
The traditional entropy production (EP) theory faces challenges such as ambiguous mechanisms governing energy dissipation in the hump region of pump-turbines and imprecise quantification of hydraulic losses within near-wall regions. Therefore, this study proposes a novel wall entropy production calculation model (WEPM) that combines the boundary layer theory and the finite volume method. Additionally, this study utilizes a 3D flow simulation method for a high-head prototype pump-turbine. The reliability of WEPM was verified by comparing it with the pressure difference method. The results show that the impeller clearance and stay/guide vanes are the main sources of energy loss in the hump region (the stay/guide vanes collectively contribute up to 44 % of the total hydraulic losses). WEPM precisely quantified the EP between the core flow and near-wall regions. Visualization of the flow field revealed that the separation vortex at the impeller outlet, guide vane trailing edge, and clearance jet vortex were the core mechanisms of high entropy production rate under low part-load conditions. The relationship between the pressure pulsations and vortices generated by non-uniform velocity gradients was also identified. This study provides a valuable method for quantitative analysis of near-wall EP in hydraulic machinery.
{"title":"Energy loss mechanism of pump-turbines in the hump region using novel wall entropy production calculation model","authors":"Xiaolong Fu , Yong Chen , Deyou Li , Hongjie Wang , Zhenggui Li , Xianzhu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.124962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional entropy production (EP) theory faces challenges such as ambiguous mechanisms governing energy dissipation in the hump region of pump-turbines and imprecise quantification of hydraulic losses within near-wall regions. Therefore, this study proposes a novel wall entropy production calculation model (WEPM) that combines the boundary layer theory and the finite volume method. Additionally, this study utilizes a 3D flow simulation method for a high-head prototype pump-turbine. The reliability of WEPM was verified by comparing it with the pressure difference method. The results show that the impeller clearance and stay/guide vanes are the main sources of energy loss in the hump region (the stay/guide vanes collectively contribute up to 44 % of the total hydraulic losses). WEPM precisely quantified the EP between the core flow and near-wall regions. Visualization of the flow field revealed that the separation vortex at the impeller outlet, guide vane trailing edge, and clearance jet vortex were the core mechanisms of high entropy production rate under low part-load conditions. The relationship between the pressure pulsations and vortices generated by non-uniform velocity gradients was also identified. This study provides a valuable method for quantitative analysis of near-wall EP in hydraulic machinery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 124962"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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