Renewable Energy最新文献_第3页

Research on resilience synergy enhancement strategies for port microgrids and ship energy systems in the context of extreme weather 极端天气下港口微电网与船舶能源系统弹性协同增强策略研究

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125035

Shun Li , Xingda Fan , Zhaoyu Qi , Shitao Peng

Existing resilience strategies for maritime energy systems remain fragmented between ships and ports, failing to address critical temporal mismatches and energy reciprocity during extreme weather. Conventional models cannot resolve the millisecond-scale ship responses versus hour-level port planning dichotomy, perpetuating annual losses exceeding 12 billion dollars globally. This study bridges this gap through a dynamic game-theoretic framework that coordinates multi-timescale decisions via nested optimization, integrating a physics-data fused digital twin for 89 percent accurate vulnerability prediction. The innovative resilience synergy metric quantifies mutual support capacity, enabling Pareto-optimal designs with 52 percent energy storage penetration and 34 percent cost efficiency. Validation across 14 global ports demonstrates 57 % reduction in weather-induced disruptions and 22 % faster recovery in renewable-adaptive hubs in renewable-adaptive hubs while sustaining 72 percent critical load supply under Category 6 typhoons. Although real-world data delays and compound stressors expose residual challenges, the framework establishes actionable pathways for climate-resilient ports through quantum-enhanced control and institutionalized emergency protocols, directly addressing 2050-level climate adaptation imperatives.

现有的海上能源系统弹性策略仍然分散在船舶和港口之间，无法解决极端天气下关键的时间不匹配和能源互惠问题。传统模型无法解决毫秒级的船舶响应，而不是小时级的港口规划二分法，导致全球每年损失超过120亿美元。该研究通过动态博弈论框架弥补了这一差距，该框架通过嵌套优化协调多时间尺度决策，整合物理数据融合数字孪生，实现89%的漏洞预测准确率。创新的弹性协同指标量化了相互支持能力，使帕累托最优设计具有52%的储能渗透率和34%的成本效率。对全球14个港口的验证表明，可再生自适应枢纽的可再生自适应枢纽的天气中断减少了57%，恢复速度提高了22%，同时在6级台风下保持72%的临界负荷供应。尽管现实世界的数据延迟和复合压力因素暴露了剩余的挑战，但该框架通过量子增强控制和制度化的应急协议，为气候适应型港口建立了可行的途径，直接解决2050年水平的气候适应要求。

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引用次数: 0

An advanced fatigue load model and comparison of newly developed algorithms for wind farm layout optimization 风电场布局优化的先进疲劳荷载模型及新算法比较

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125046

Yuhang Jiang , WenZhong Shen , Jianwei Lin , Weijun Zhu , Zhenye Sun , Ju Feng

Wind energy is typically captured through wind farms. In the past, most studies on layout optimization focused on enhancing the power output, while some considered the fatigue with a simplified model. This paper develops an advanced fatigue model based on experience of individual turbines to form an innovative layout optimization framework, with maximizing the power generation and mitigating the fatigue. First, a large fatigue load database is constructed by considering a variety of inflow, wake flow, and operating conditions. Second, the database is learned using an extreme gradient-boosting tree to obtain an advanced fatigue calculation model. Finally, by integrating the fatigue load model with the Random Search algorithm (RS), a new wind farm layout optimization framework is established. To show the superiority of RS, several newly developed algorithms were compared. A validation is carried out against field data of the Horns Rev I wind farm and the discrepancy in power is 2.66 %. The new framework is applied to optimize a wind farm. The results showed that in balancing the fatigue of the wind turbines, annual energy production (AEP) still gains 0.39 %–3.89 % with a fatigue tolerance of 1–1.05 on its fatigue in normal wind conditions, respectively.

风能通常是通过风电场捕获的。以往对布局优化的研究多侧重于提高输出功率，而有些研究则采用简化模型考虑疲劳。本文根据单个涡轮机的经验，建立了先进的疲劳模型，形成了一种创新的布局优化框架，以最大限度地提高发电量，减轻疲劳。首先，综合考虑各种来流、尾流和工况，构建大型疲劳载荷数据库。其次，利用极值梯度增强树对数据库进行学习，得到高级疲劳计算模型；最后，将疲劳载荷模型与随机搜索算法（RS）相结合，建立了新的风电场布局优化框架。为了说明RS算法的优越性，对几种新开发的算法进行了比较。根据霍恩斯1号风电场的实测数据进行了验证，功率偏差为2.66%。应用新框架优化风力发电场。结果表明：在平衡风电机组的疲劳状态时，在正常风况下，年发电量（AEP）仍可获得0.39% ~ 3.89%的增益，其疲劳容限为1 ~ 1.05；

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引用次数: 0

Performance degradation and economic resilience of grid-connected PV systems in desert climates: A 5-year case study from the Algerian Sahara 沙漠气候条件下并网光伏系统的性能退化和经济弹性：阿尔及利亚撒哈拉5年案例研究

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125044

Ismail Bendaas, Kada Bouchouicha, Salim Bouchakour, Saliha Boulahchiche, Abdelhak Razagui, Smail Semaoui, Amar Hadj Arab

Long-term performance data from grid-connected photovoltaic plants operating in harsh desert environments are critical for establishing economic feasibility and guiding energy policy. This research provides a complete five-year (2018–2022) assessment of a 6 MWp solar power plant in the Algerian Sahara, analyzing its technical performance, degradation rate, and financial feasibility using real operational data. In accordance with the IEC 61724 standards the performance parameters include an annual energy output of 54,672.10 MWh, with a final yield of 5.05 kWh/kWp/day, a performance ratio of 71.74 %, a capacity factor of 20.79 %, and an overall system efficiency of 10.73 %. We present a novel Weighted Degradation Rate (WDR) that is based on four statistical models in order to accurately measure performance degradation. This novel method yields a robust degradation rate of −1.70 %/year, which reduces estimation uncertainty by 23 % compared with methods that use only one model. Our analysis shows that temperature-driven losses (R² = 0.61) are the main source of degradation more so than irradiance. The project demonstrates strong resilience with a net present value of 3.00 M$ an internal rate of return of 12.28 % and a levelized cost of energy of 0.092 $/kWh. The findings provide critical information that can help improve operations and maintenance strategies in arid regions. They also give evidence-based advice for improving Algeria's renewable energy policy particularly its 2035 solar targets.

在恶劣的沙漠环境中运行的并网光伏电站的长期性能数据对于建立经济可行性和指导能源政策至关重要。本研究对位于阿尔及利亚撒哈拉沙漠的6兆瓦太阳能发电厂进行了为期五年（2018-2022）的全面评估，利用实际运行数据分析了其技术性能、退化率和财务可行性。根据IEC 61724标准，其性能参数包括年发电量54,672.10 MWh，最终发电量5.05 kWh/kWp/天，性能比为71.74%，容量系数为20.79%，系统总效率为10.73%。为了准确地衡量性能退化，我们提出了一种基于四个统计模型的加权退化率（WDR）。这种新方法的鲁棒退化率为- 1.70% /年，与仅使用一个模型的方法相比，可将估计不确定性降低23%。我们的分析表明，温度驱动的损耗（R2 = 0.61）是比辐照度更主要的降解源。该项目具有很强的弹性，净现值为3.00亿美元，内部收益率为12.28%，平化能源成本为0.092美元/千瓦时。这些发现提供了关键信息，可以帮助改善干旱地区的操作和维护策略。他们还为改善阿尔及利亚的可再生能源政策，特别是2035年的太阳能目标提供了基于证据的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Superior hydrogen storage performance of LaNi5-LaMgNi4 bi-phase La‒Mg‒Ni-based alloys LaNi5-LaMgNi4双相la - mg - ni基合金优异的储氢性能

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125036

Jie Xu , Hui Yang , Weirong Zhang , Anping Shen , Jingjing Liu , Lu Zhang , Yuan Li , Shumin Han , Yang Ye , Kai Yan , Honghui Cheng

AB₅-AB₂ bi-phase hydrogen storage alloys not only possess the two phases of AB₅ and AB₂ which have complementary hydrogen storge characteristics, but also overcomes the restriction between [AB₅] and [AB₂] subunits of a superlattice structure, and thus considered promising for hydrogen absorption and desorption. Therefore, we designed and prepared AB₅-AB₂ bi-phase La‒Mg‒Ni-based La_0.48Sm_0.18Mg_0.34Ni_2.75Al_0.14 and La_0.26Nd_0.22Sm_0.18Mg_0.34Ni_2.77Al_0.13 alloys by proper utilization of preferential atomic occupation and heat treatment. The alloys exhibit outstanding hydrogen storage properties. In particular, the Nd_0.22–1123 K alloy shows an excellent gaseous cycling retention of 97.2 % after 50 cycles benefitting from the independent behaviors of AB₅ and AB₂, which enables very low microstrains and a very stable crystal structure against hydrogen absorption/desorption. More impressively, the Nd_0.22–1123 K alloy electrode exhibits a superior high-rate discharge performance of 83.2 % at 1500 mA g⁻¹ due to the synchronized hydrogen absorption and desorption during charge/discharge, which accelerates the diffusion of hydrogen atoms and realizes a high electrochemical kinetics. The present study puts forward a reasonable solution to effectively improve the cycle life and electrochemical hydrogen desorption of La‒Mg‒Ni-based alloys for both gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage.

AB5-AB2双相储氢合金不仅具有AB5和AB2两相互补的储氢特性，而且克服了[AB5]和[AB2]亚基之间的超晶格结构限制，具有良好的吸氢和解吸氢性能。因此，通过合理利用优先原子占位和热处理，设计并制备了AB5-AB2双相la - mg - ni基La0.48Sm0.18Mg0.34Ni2.75Al0.14和La0.26Nd0.22Sm0.18Mg0.34Ni2.77Al0.13合金。合金表现出优异的储氢性能。特别地，由于AB5和AB2的独立行为，Nd0.22-1123 K合金在50次循环后的气体循环保留率为97.2%，这使得微应变非常低，并且具有非常稳定的抗氢吸/脱附晶体结构。在1500 mA g−1条件下，Nd0.22-1123 K合金电极具有83.2%的高倍率放电性能，这是由于在充放电过程中氢气的同步吸收和解吸，加速了氢原子的扩散，实现了较高的电化学动力学。本研究为有效提高la - mg - ni基合金的循环寿命和电化学脱氢提供了一种合理的解决方案，可用于气体和电化学储氢。

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引用次数: 0

Renewable energy investment under subsidy withdrawal risk and mean-reverting electricity price 补贴退出风险和电价均值回归下的可再生能源投资研究

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125028

Yanyun Liu , Jing Liang , Ruili Zhao , Baiqing Sun

Subsidy policies initially introduced to stimulate renewable energy investments tend to be withdrawn after some time. This paper examines how subsidy withdrawal risk influences the firm’s optimal investment timing and capacity in a dynamic framework with a mean-reverting electricity price. We find that when the risk is low, an increase in the probability of withdrawal accelerates investment but reduces capacity, whereas the opposite holds under high risk. Mean reversion in price further modulates such effect by shaping both the option value of investment and the expected net present value. Higher volatility and slower reversion speed increase the option value, thereby mitigating the acceleration effect of withdrawal risk on investment. In contrast, a higher long-term mean raises the expected net present value, which strengthens the positive effect on investment while alleviating its negative impact on capacity. These findings imply that policymakers should manage the subsidy withdrawal risk and fully account for the mean-reverting nature of electricity price for effectively promotion of renewable energy investment.

最初为刺激可再生能源投资而出台的补贴政策往往会在一段时间后取消。本文研究了在电价均值回归的动态框架下，补贴退出风险对企业最优投资时机和产能的影响。我们发现，当风险较低时，退出概率的增加加速了投资，但降低了产能，而在高风险下则相反。价格的均值回归通过塑造投资的期权价值和预期净现值进一步调节了这种效应。较高的波动率和较慢的回归速度增加了期权价值，从而减轻了退出风险对投资的加速效应。相反，较高的长期均值提高了预期净现值，从而增强了对投资的积极影响，同时减轻了对产能的负面影响。研究结果表明，政策制定者应管理好补贴退出风险，充分考虑电价的均值回归性质，以有效促进可再生能源投资。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation of receiver tube fracture of parabolic trough solar thermal collectors 抛物面槽式太阳能集热器接收管断裂的实验与数值研究

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125022

Daigo Shimada , Taku Iwamoto , Ai Maruhashi , Kaito Kitagawa , Ryosuke Shimizu , Ayumu Ijitsu , Masanori Ueta , Jun Yoshida , Sara Inoue , Yu Minamizawa , Tomoki Tamamura , Mongkol Bumrungpon , Koji Kusano , Kazuhiro Hasezaki

The relationship between heat collection and focusing properties at different positions of a parabolic trough solar thermal collector (PTC) receiver was evaluated using Monte Carlo ray-tracing analysis. Thermal stress analysis and heat collection experiments were also conducted by using COMSOL software and a PTC half-model parabolic reflector. The ray-tracing analysis indicated that ray uniformity improves as the position of the receiver shifts closer to the reflector from the focal position, and the total power is calculated at −0.02 m from the reflector focal position. Total power remained saturated in the range from the focal point of the reflecting mirror to 0.02 m shifted closer to the reflecting mirror. The structural analysis results showed that high stress leading to fracture occurred at the end of the evacuated tube. The predicted high thermal stress region corresponded to the fracture in the experimental test.

利用蒙特卡罗射线跟踪分析方法，研究了抛物槽式太阳能集热器（PTC）不同位置集热特性与聚焦特性之间的关系。利用COMSOL软件和PTC半模型抛物面反射镜进行热应力分析和集热实验。射线追迹分析表明，随着接收端位置离反射端焦点位置越近，光线均匀性越好，总功率在距反射端焦点位置- 0.02 m处计算。总功率在从反射镜焦点到靠近反射镜的0.02 m范围内保持饱和。结构分析结果表明，真空管的末端出现了高应力导致断裂。预测的高热应力区与实验测试的断口相对应。

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引用次数: 0

Golden ratio in upper blade design for pico-scale crossflow turbines for off-grid energy solutions 离网能源解决方案微尺度横流涡轮机上叶片设计的黄金比例

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125018

Dendy Adanta , Dewi Puspita Sari , Imam Syofii , Amir Arifin , Putri Ramadhania , Marwani , Ahmad Fudholi , Fazila Mohd-Zawawi

Pico-scale crossflow turbines (CFT) are promising for remote village electrification. Recent studies show that center-convex blades outperform convex leading edges in operational range, while convex blades offer slightly higher efficiency. This study investigates the golden ratio as a guide for the upper blade CFT design with a configuration center-convex to enhance its performance. The upper blade CFT configurations were evaluated based on different blade depth-thickness ratios using a computational method and verified using analytical and previous data. The blade depth-to-thickness ratio of 0.5 achieved an efficiency of 81.8 % at a specific speed of 4.43 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.5358, outperforming other configurations and previous studies. The CFT upper blade geometry affects the flow dynamics, lift force, and overall performance and operating range. The empirical law can predict the hydraulic behaviour of discharge CFT in this case, which depends on water head, upper configuration, and runner rotation, as demonstrated by the multivariate regression.

微型横流涡轮机（CFT）在偏远村庄的电气化中具有广阔的应用前景。最近的研究表明，中凸叶片在工作范围内优于凸叶片，而凸叶片的效率略高。本文以黄金分割率为指导，研究了采用中凸结构设计上叶CFT以提高其性能的方法。基于不同的叶片深厚比，采用计算方法对叶片上部CFT结构进行了评估，并通过分析和先前的数据进行了验证。叶片深厚比为0.5时，效率为81.8%，比速度为4.43，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.5358，优于其他构型和前人研究。CFT上部叶片的几何形状影响流动动力学、升力、整体性能和工作范围。在这种情况下，经验定律可以预测出水CFT的水力行为，这取决于水头，上部配置和转轮旋转，如多元回归所示。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the photothermal performance of polydopamine with sludge-based carbon dots and constructing a solar evaporation system with catalytic performance 利用污泥基碳点增强聚多巴胺光热性能，构建具有催化性能的太阳能蒸发系统

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125055

Guangxu Liu , Hanyu Chang , Hui Deng , Yang Wang , Di Wang , Qing Zhang , Qiubai Jiang , Zilong Liu

Polydopamine (PDA), as a widely studied photothermal material, has been extensively applied in solar-driven evaporation systems. However, problems such as the low photothermal conversion efficiency of pure polydopamine have hindered its large-scale application. Meanwhile, the global scientific community is paying increasing attention to sludge, a large amount of solid waste. This work presents a novel sludge-upgrading strategy to enhance PDA's photothermal performance for constructing high-efficiency solar evaporation systems. A CDs@PDA@SA hydrogel was synthesized through the polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride and sodium alginate with a dialyzed solution derived from co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and corn cob. Under 1 kW m⁻² solar irradiation, the composite achieved an evaporation rate of 2.15 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. On this basis, a cup-internal light condensing system was constructed through cheap and readily available reflector materials. Under one sun, the evaporation rate reached 3.92 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Meanwhile, the reactor could degrade volatile organic pollutants under the condition of adding PMS. Taking 10 mg/L phenol solution as an example, the purification rate of condensed water obtained by evaporation in the reactor is 49.6 %. This study promotes efficient and environmentally friendly solar interface evaporation technology through the synergistic effect of waste resource utilization and solar evaporation systems.

聚多巴胺（PDA）作为一种被广泛研究的光热材料，在太阳能蒸发系统中得到了广泛的应用。然而，纯聚多巴胺光热转换效率低等问题阻碍了其大规模应用。与此同时，全球科学界对污泥这一大量固体废物的关注也日益增加。本文提出了一种新的污泥升级策略，以提高PDA的光热性能，用于构建高效的太阳能蒸发系统。以污水污泥和玉米芯共水热炭化后的透析液为原料，将盐酸多巴胺和海藻酸钠聚合合成CDs@PDA@SA水凝胶。在1 kW m−2太阳辐照下，复合材料的蒸发速率为2.15 kg m−2 h−1。在此基础上，通过廉价且容易获得的反射材料构建了杯状内部光聚光系统。在一个太阳下，蒸发速率达到3.92 kg m−2 h−1。同时，在添加PMS的条件下，反应器可以降解挥发性有机污染物。以10 mg/L苯酚溶液为例，反应器内蒸发得到的冷凝水净化率为49.6%。本研究通过废弃物资源化利用与太阳能蒸发系统的协同效应，推广高效环保的太阳能界面蒸发技术。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced non-catalytic biodiesel production under microwave irradiation using waste cooking oil: Assessment of scale-up potential 微波辐照下利用废食用油生产先进非催化生物柴油：扩大规模潜力的评估

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125017

D. Rhithuparna , Bidyut Baran Saha , Samuel Lathazuala Rokhum , Gopinath Halder

The current research explores the utilization of a novel continuous non-catalytic microwave reactor for the conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel. The process follows the principles of green chemistry by converting WCO into clean fuel under a catalyst-free, energy-efficient approach. By applying the subcritical microwave-assisted technique optimized via response surface methodology, a maximum biodiesel yield of 97.89 ± 0.02 % was observed within 12 min. The cost of production was estimated to be $0.45/L, demonstrating its high potential for commercial-scale application. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies identified pseudo-first-order model, endergonic and nonspontaneous character of the process, respectively. The energy consumption for the overall process was 105 kWh, which demonstrated a low energy requirement, thus confirming the sustainability of the suggested method. Thus, the implementation of the microwave-assisted, non-catalytic, continuous biodiesel production process is an encouraging area of process intensification with a cost-effective route to offset price fluctuations of transportation fuels. The method can be considered for large scale biodiesel production; however, its industrial implementation would demand cautious consideration of pressure management and plant safety.

本研究探索了一种新型的连续式非催化微波反应器，用于将废食用油转化为生物柴油。该过程遵循绿色化学的原则，通过无催化剂、节能的方法将WCO转化为清洁燃料。采用响应面法优化的亚临界微波辅助工艺，在12 min内可获得97.89±0.02%的生物柴油产率。生产成本估计为0.45美元/升，表明其具有商业规模应用的巨大潜力。动力学和热力学研究分别确定了该过程的伪一阶模型、自耗性和非自发性。整个过程的能耗为105千瓦时，这表明能源需求很低，从而证实了所建议方法的可持续性。因此，实施微波辅助、非催化、连续的生物柴油生产工艺是一个令人鼓舞的工艺强化领域，具有成本效益，可以抵消运输燃料的价格波动。该方法可考虑大规模生产生物柴油；然而，它的工业实施将需要谨慎考虑压力管理和工厂安全。

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引用次数: 0

Template-free synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon via biomass upcycling: A boost for zinc-ion hybrid capacitor energy storage 通过生物质升级循环无模板合成分层多孔碳：促进锌离子混合电容器储能

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125050

Guoxiang Ma, Yao Tong, Deling Bai, Xuan Yu, Miaowen Han, Zuoyi Xiao, Shangru Zhai, Li Wei, Qingda An

Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have emerged as a promising energy storage technology, integrating the merits of high-power supercapacitors and high-energy batteries while offering cost-effectiveness and safety. However, their commercialization is hampered by challenges such as limited energy density, low power output, and poor cycling stability. Herein, we report a sustainable strategy to fabricate heteroatom-doped coral-like hierarchical porous carbon (LCK-800) as an advanced cathode for ZIHCs. The synthesis of LCK-800 synergistically utilizes industrial sodium lignosulfonate and chitosan through hydrogen-bond-directed self-assembly. This approach generates a 3D interconnected meso/microporous architecture and large surface area measuring 2227.32 m² g⁻¹ along with adjustable heteroatom doping capabilities. Assembled as a ZIHC with a Zn anode in 2 M ZnSO₄ electrolyte, LCK-800 exhibits remarkable performance: a gravimetric capacitance reaching 202 mA h g⁻¹ under 0.1 A g⁻¹ current density, an energy density of 189 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 97 W kg⁻¹, and preserving 97.5 % of its original capacity through 10,000 operational cycles under 5 A g⁻¹. This study not only provides a green, template-free approach for synthesizing high-performance heteroatom-doped carbons but also offers insights into the structure-property relationships of ZIHCs, facilitating the advancement of novel eco-friendly energy storage systems for future applications.

锌离子混合电容器（zihc）是一种很有前途的储能技术，它结合了大功率超级电容器和高能电池的优点，同时具有成本效益和安全性。然而，它们的商业化受到诸如有限的能量密度、低功率输出和较差的循环稳定性等挑战的阻碍。在此，我们报告了一种可持续的策略来制造杂原子掺杂的珊瑚状分层多孔碳（LCK-800）作为zihc的高级阴极。利用工业木质素磺酸钠和壳聚糖通过氢键定向自组装协同合成LCK-800。这种方法产生了三维互联的介孔/微孔结构和2227.32 m2 g−1的大表面积，以及可调节的杂原子掺杂能力。LCK-800在2 M ZnSO4电解液中以锌为阳极组装成ZIHC，表现出卓越的性能：在0.1 a g−1电流密度下，重量电容达到202 mA h g−1，在功率密度为97 W kg−1时，能量密度为189 W h kg−1，在5 a g−1下运行10,000次，保持97.5%的原始容量。该研究不仅为合成高性能杂原子掺杂碳提供了一种绿色、无模板的方法，而且还提供了对zihc结构-性能关系的见解，促进了新型环保储能系统的发展，为未来的应用提供了便利。

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引用次数: 0