Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125361
Jiabin Wang , Xiang Zhou , Rui Zhang , Xinyan You , Qianyue Yang , Cheng Zhang , Yu Shao , Fang Xie , Aiyong He , Rongling Yang , Hongzhen Luo
The existence of lignin in lignocellulose largely hinders the accessibility of polysaccharides, leading to lower saccharification yield and substrate fermentability. Therefore, extraction of lignin by pretreatment is an efficient strategy for biomass valorization. The non-uniform electron density distribution in N-heterocycles affects interactions with electron-rich lignin, which is beneficial for lignin extraction. Based on this, N-heterocyclic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared using pyrazole and organic acids. Lignin extraction yield of 94.27% was achieved when pretreating corn stover at 145 °C for 180 min by pyrazole-formic acid DES (Py-FA), and >85% glucan was retained. Glucose yield of DES-pretreated substrate reached ∼100% by enzymolysis. A high correlation (R2 > 0.91) between lignin removal and hydrolysis yield was observed in N-heterocycle-based DES pretreatment. Also, Py-FA DES-extracted lignin had comparable thermostability within 200–500 °C to sodium lignosulfonate. Finally, corn stover hydrolysates were applied as feedstock for bioethanol and butyric acid production. Consequently, ethanol production and yield reached 31.77 g/L and 0.38 g/g from real hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Up to 9.48 g/L butyric acid was biosynthesized by Clostridium tyrobutyricum with yield of 0.43 g/g, ∼88% of theoretical yield from glucose. Overall, N-heterocycle-based DES pretreatment provides an efficient and robust strategy to produce value-added products from lignocellulose.
{"title":"N-heterocycle-based deep eutectic solvent-driven lignocellulosic biomass valorization: Efficient extraction of lignin facilitates enzymatic hydrolysis to produce bioethanol and butyric acid from corn stover","authors":"Jiabin Wang , Xiang Zhou , Rui Zhang , Xinyan You , Qianyue Yang , Cheng Zhang , Yu Shao , Fang Xie , Aiyong He , Rongling Yang , Hongzhen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of lignin in lignocellulose largely hinders the accessibility of polysaccharides, leading to lower saccharification yield and substrate fermentability. Therefore, extraction of lignin by pretreatment is an efficient strategy for biomass valorization. The non-uniform electron density distribution in N-heterocycles affects interactions with electron-rich lignin, which is beneficial for lignin extraction. Based on this, N-heterocyclic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared using pyrazole and organic acids. Lignin extraction yield of 94.27% was achieved when pretreating corn stover at 145 °C for 180 min by pyrazole-formic acid DES (Py-FA), and >85% glucan was retained. Glucose yield of DES-pretreated substrate reached ∼100% by enzymolysis. A high correlation (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.91) between lignin removal and hydrolysis yield was observed in N-heterocycle-based DES pretreatment. Also, Py-FA DES-extracted lignin had comparable thermostability within 200–500 °C to sodium lignosulfonate. Finally, corn stover hydrolysates were applied as feedstock for bioethanol and butyric acid production. Consequently, ethanol production and yield reached 31.77 g/L and 0.38 g/g from real hydrolysates by <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Up to 9.48 g/L butyric acid was biosynthesized by <em>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</em> with yield of 0.43 g/g, ∼88% of theoretical yield from glucose. Overall, N-heterocycle-based DES pretreatment provides an efficient and robust strategy to produce value-added products from lignocellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125361"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125394
Chenzhirui Zhou , Cheng Tan , Yong Yu , Shi Cheng , Chaowei Ma , Jianhang Hu , Hua Wang
Lignocellulosic biomass possesses significant potential as a carbon-based renewable energy source. Fast pyrolysis can convert biomass into valuable derivatives, though achieving high selectivity for target compounds remains a challenge. In this study, acid-leached slag (ALS) derived from spent Al2O3-based catalysts was employed as a catalyst to investigate its effect on the pyrolysis products of water hyacinth (WH). Under optimal conditions of a WH/ALS ratio of 1:3 at 500 °C, the bio-oil yield reached 70.81 wt%, and furfural yield achieved 97.37 area% with a concentration of 83.96 mg/mL. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic catalytic activity of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on ALS, which substantially improves the directional selectivity toward furfural. Concurrently, biochar undergoes aromatization, forming aromatic ring structures that promote graphitization, while the proportion of combustible syngas rises to 99.84%. Additionally, N-containing heterocyclics from the bio-oil are redistributed into the biochar (as graphitic-N, pyrrolic-N, and pyridinic-N) and syngas. This study demonstrates an effective strategy for simultaneously valorizing WH and ALS, offering a novel approach for producing high-value chemicals through catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.
{"title":"Targeted catalytic fast pyrolysis of water hyacinth using acid-leached slag from spent Al2O3-based catalysts","authors":"Chenzhirui Zhou , Cheng Tan , Yong Yu , Shi Cheng , Chaowei Ma , Jianhang Hu , Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulosic biomass possesses significant potential as a carbon-based renewable energy source. Fast pyrolysis can convert biomass into valuable derivatives, though achieving high selectivity for target compounds remains a challenge. In this study, acid-leached slag (ALS) derived from spent Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based catalysts was employed as a catalyst to investigate its effect on the pyrolysis products of water hyacinth (WH). Under optimal conditions of a WH/ALS ratio of 1:3 at 500 °C, the bio-oil yield reached 70.81 wt%, and furfural yield achieved 97.37 area% with a concentration of 83.96 mg/mL. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic catalytic activity of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on ALS, which substantially improves the directional selectivity toward furfural. Concurrently, biochar undergoes aromatization, forming aromatic ring structures that promote graphitization, while the proportion of combustible syngas rises to 99.84%. Additionally, N-containing heterocyclics from the bio-oil are redistributed into the biochar (as graphitic-N, pyrrolic-N, and pyridinic-N) and syngas. This study demonstrates an effective strategy for simultaneously valorizing WH and ALS, offering a novel approach for producing high-value chemicals through catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125394"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125419
Pan Yang , Ximing Cai
The price gap between the market and breakeven prices of cellulosic biomass for farmers represents a significant barrier to the development of a low-carbon cellulosic bioeconomy. Using a bottom-up, agent-based modeling tool that replicates the behaviors and interactions of key stakeholders, this study analyzes the emergence of a cellulosic bioeconomy at the local scale through a wedge approach that examines an integrated portfolio of multiple policy options, including subsidies for small-scale bioproducts and environmental credits. The role of collaboration among multiple stakeholders, such as biomass producers (farmers), bio-refinery industry, government, and society, is assessed for filling the price gap. Using the Sangamon River Basin as a case study site, we evaluate the effectiveness of the wedge approach by comparing simulation results from multiple scenarios, each incorporating different combinations of bioeconomy wedges, with and without stakeholder collaboration. Results underscore that active collaboration among stakeholders acts as a catalyst enlarging the effectiveness of bioeconomy wedges. Including the carbon credits and environmental value in the policy portfolio is found to bridge the price gap through collective contributions from diverse stakeholders, where the cellulosic biofuel and bioproduct industry plays a pivotal role. Although this study is conducted at the local watershed scale, the methodology and findings offer valuable insights for market development in other watersheds and the potential scaling of local markets to regional and national levels.
{"title":"Filling the cellulosic bio-economy gap by utilizing a wedge approach combined with stakeholder collaboration","authors":"Pan Yang , Ximing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The price gap between the market and breakeven prices of cellulosic biomass for farmers represents a significant barrier to the development of a low-carbon cellulosic bioeconomy. Using a bottom-up, agent-based modeling tool that replicates the behaviors and interactions of key stakeholders, this study analyzes the emergence of a cellulosic bioeconomy at the local scale through a wedge approach that examines an integrated portfolio of multiple policy options, including subsidies for small-scale bioproducts and environmental credits. The role of collaboration among multiple stakeholders, such as biomass producers (farmers), bio-refinery industry, government, and society, is assessed for filling the price gap. Using the Sangamon River Basin as a case study site, we evaluate the effectiveness of the wedge approach by comparing simulation results from multiple scenarios, each incorporating different combinations of bioeconomy wedges, with and without stakeholder collaboration. Results underscore that active collaboration among stakeholders acts as a catalyst enlarging the effectiveness of bioeconomy wedges. Including the carbon credits and environmental value in the policy portfolio is found to bridge the price gap through collective contributions from diverse stakeholders, where the cellulosic biofuel and bioproduct industry plays a pivotal role. Although this study is conducted at the local watershed scale, the methodology and findings offer valuable insights for market development in other watersheds and the potential scaling of local markets to regional and national levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125419"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125412
Miaorui Ma , Chengwei Lou , Lingte Chen , Jin Yang
This study proposes a comprehensive techno-economic assessment framework for optimal offshore energy island site selection, emphasizing both economic efficiency and structural resilience. By integrating the dynamic interaction of wind and wave conditions, the framework improves decision-making accuracy to ensure that selected locations are both cost-effective and environmentally robust. Additionally, a novel multi-energy island scenario is introduced, featuring detailed hydrogen production and storage modeling to enable efficient electricity-to-hydrogen conversion and flexible energy transport. To evaluate operational performance and life cycle sustainability, the study employs Kriging surrogate models, validated using OpenFAST simulations. These models predict turbine power output and fatigue damage across varying environmental conditions, including wind speed, wave height, and wave period. This integration significantly advances the optimization process by allowing long-term behavior prediction while minimizing computational costs. Furthermore, real historical environmental datasets and multiple floating offshore wind platforms are utilized for simulation benchmarks, enhancing the framework’s practical relevance. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in life cycle profit and structural reliability through optimal site selection. Ultimately, the framework provides a practical and scalable reference for planning offshore renewable energy systems, supporting the development of sustainable, resilient, and economically viable offshore energy islands in dynamic marine environments.
{"title":"A framework for life-cycle profit-damage assessment of floating multi-energy islands with wind–wave dynamics integration","authors":"Miaorui Ma , Chengwei Lou , Lingte Chen , Jin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a comprehensive techno-economic assessment framework for optimal offshore energy island site selection, emphasizing both economic efficiency and structural resilience. By integrating the dynamic interaction of wind and wave conditions, the framework improves decision-making accuracy to ensure that selected locations are both cost-effective and environmentally robust. Additionally, a novel multi-energy island scenario is introduced, featuring detailed hydrogen production and storage modeling to enable efficient electricity-to-hydrogen conversion and flexible energy transport. To evaluate operational performance and life cycle sustainability, the study employs Kriging surrogate models, validated using OpenFAST simulations. These models predict turbine power output and fatigue damage across varying environmental conditions, including wind speed, wave height, and wave period. This integration significantly advances the optimization process by allowing long-term behavior prediction while minimizing computational costs. Furthermore, real historical environmental datasets and multiple floating offshore wind platforms are utilized for simulation benchmarks, enhancing the framework’s practical relevance. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in life cycle profit and structural reliability through optimal site selection. Ultimately, the framework provides a practical and scalable reference for planning offshore renewable energy systems, supporting the development of sustainable, resilient, and economically viable offshore energy islands in dynamic marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125412"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125393
Daniel Icaza-Alvarez , Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara , David Borge-Diez
This study addresses the energy transition toward a 100% renewable energy system in the Galapagos Islands by analyzing the energy potential of each inhabited island (Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Isabela, and Floreana) and then evaluating the potential energy production levels considering 1 node and 4 nodes operating electrically both in isolation and interconnected. Decarbonization pathways are considered integral in the Galapagos Islands due to their unique fragile ecosystems. Therefore, the analysis covers various electrical coupling configurations for the electricity demand sectors. With the support of specialized energy transition software EnergyPLAN, scenarios were developed at hourly resolution, considering commercially available technologies based on the energy potential available in the Galapagos Islands, in the most diversified manner possible. The results demonstrate that: (1) single-node systems present limited outcomes for decision-making; (2) an isolated multi-node model represents a much more realistic system and allows for detailed identification of energy production levels per island based on local resources; and; (3) the best solution for coupling and the possibility of the islands sharing energy in a coordinated manner occurs when there is electrical interconnection. It is concluded that the most appropriate solution, technically and economically, to achieve a decarbonized system is an interconnected, multi-node and multi-sector one. This study provides a much more detailed perspective on the implications of the energy transition in the Galapagos Islands. These results are encouraging for decision-makers to contribute their contribution to protecting this unique treasure on the planet, also considered a living laboratory.
{"title":"Multi-node and sector-coupled pathways to a 100% renewable energy system in the Galapagos Islands","authors":"Daniel Icaza-Alvarez , Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara , David Borge-Diez","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the energy transition toward a 100% renewable energy system in the Galapagos Islands by analyzing the energy potential of each inhabited island (Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Isabela, and Floreana) and then evaluating the potential energy production levels considering 1 node and 4 nodes operating electrically both in isolation and interconnected. Decarbonization pathways are considered integral in the Galapagos Islands due to their unique fragile ecosystems. Therefore, the analysis covers various electrical coupling configurations for the electricity demand sectors. With the support of specialized energy transition software EnergyPLAN, scenarios were developed at hourly resolution, considering commercially available technologies based on the energy potential available in the Galapagos Islands, in the most diversified manner possible. The results demonstrate that: (1) single-node systems present limited outcomes for decision-making; (2) an isolated multi-node model represents a much more realistic system and allows for detailed identification of energy production levels per island based on local resources; and; (3) the best solution for coupling and the possibility of the islands sharing energy in a coordinated manner occurs when there is electrical interconnection. It is concluded that the most appropriate solution, technically and economically, to achieve a decarbonized system is an interconnected, multi-node and multi-sector one. This study provides a much more detailed perspective on the implications of the energy transition in the Galapagos Islands. These results are encouraging for decision-makers to contribute their contribution to protecting this unique treasure on the planet, also considered a living laboratory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125393"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125397
Rena , Sunil Kumar , Ken Chiang , Nicky Eshtiaghi
Biohythane production from lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw (RS) and potato peel waste (PPW) via anaerobic digestion (AD) stands as a viable biotechnological management fostering bioeconomic strategies benefiting the environment. It contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7) concerning affordable, clean and renewable energy challenges. This study explores biomass conversion of two lignocellulosic wastes to Biohythane through “Optimization-Driven” AD. RS, a recalcitrant substrate having particle size (<0.425 mm), was co-digested with nutrient-rich co-substrate PPW in four different ratios based on weight/weight of (dry VSsubstrate), along with mixed inoculum anaerobic sludge (AS) and cow dung slurry (CDS) via AD at 11% TS. Batch experiments revealed that the [RSI-PP] ratio [(2:1):1/2] significantly improved yields of cumulative hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), viz., 36.98 ± 1.22 mL/g VS and 390.12 ± 3.45 mL/g VS, respectively. The S Gompertz equation exhibited excellent fit (>0.90), underscoring a positive synergy between substrate and co-substrate. The result signifies that RS in combination with PPW with homogenous particle size, mixed inoculum at 11% TS, confirms process stability and positive synergistic effects by providing essential buffer capacity, micronutrients and hydration, thereby enhancing the AD and Biohythane production. The findings of the results support the process's synergistic potential for waste biomass conversion to biofuel.
{"title":"Optimization-driven anaerobic digestion of rice straw and potato peel waste for enhanced Biohythane production: A synergistic approach towards lignocellulosic biomass conversion to clean energy","authors":"Rena , Sunil Kumar , Ken Chiang , Nicky Eshtiaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biohythane production from lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw (RS) and potato peel waste (PPW) via anaerobic digestion (AD) stands as a viable biotechnological management fostering bioeconomic strategies benefiting the environment. It contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7) concerning affordable, clean and renewable energy challenges. This study explores biomass conversion of two lignocellulosic wastes to Biohythane through “Optimization-Driven” AD. RS, a recalcitrant substrate having particle size (<0.425 mm), was co-digested with nutrient-rich co-substrate PPW in four different ratios based on weight/weight of (dry VS<sub>substrate</sub>), along with mixed inoculum anaerobic sludge (AS) and cow dung slurry (CDS) via AD at 11% TS. Batch experiments revealed that the [RSI-PP] ratio [(2:1):1/2] significantly improved yields of cumulative hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), viz., 36.98 ± 1.22 mL/g VS and 390.12 ± 3.45 mL/g VS, respectively. The S Gompertz equation exhibited excellent fit (>0.90), underscoring a positive synergy between substrate and co-substrate. The result signifies that RS in combination with PPW with homogenous particle size, mixed inoculum at 11% TS, confirms process stability and positive synergistic effects by providing essential buffer capacity, micronutrients and hydration, thereby enhancing the AD and Biohythane production. The findings of the results support the process's synergistic potential for waste biomass conversion to biofuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125397"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125351
Yanlong Zhang , Pengzhen Guo , Mengfan Tian , He Chen , Rongqiang Liu , Zongquan Deng , Lifang Li
The advancement of solar-thermal concentrators requires architectures that combine high flux density, uniform focal distribution, and structural simplicity. However, multi-dish systems often suffer from coupled trade-offs among concentration, spot uniformity, and geometric stability, which can limit thermal efficiency and increase hot-spot risk in high-temperature applications. This study targets this coupled-design challenge by enabling a controllable and robust focal spot in a modular multi-dish architecture. This study presents a four-dish off-axis conjugate concentrator optimized through a global optimization framework that integrates ray-tracing simulations with a unified objective function. The objective is to achieve high effective concentration while simultaneously improving flux uniformity and spot geometry under practical alignment/manufacturing uncertainties. The framework adopts a staged dynamic-weighting strategy to achieve a smooth transition from "energy concentration" to "focal spot quality". Unlike traditional approaches that vary numerous complex structural parameters, the proposed design constrains the optimization space to radial and axial displacement, focal length, and receiver dimensions, thereby simplifying assembly requirements while still enabling high-dimensional exploration of optical behavior. Optimization results demonstrate coordinated improvements across all metrics: the concentrator sustains above the design threshold ( 600), increases spot uniformity from 0.38 to 0.53, reduces RMS radius to 38 mm, and lowers the shape factor to 0.25, yielding a compact and geometrically stable focal spot. Outdoor validation confirmed these findings: under 35 °C and 620 W/m2, the prototype reached 783 °C within 4 s and achieved 742, exhibited uniform, repeatable heat maps with strong tolerance to disturbances. These results contribute a four-dish off-axis conjugate architecture that suppresses off-axis aberration-induced spot degradation, and a staged, unified optimization framework that explicitly balances concentration–uniformity–spot geometry with experimental validation, providing a practical pathway toward deployable high-flux multi-dish concentrators.
{"title":"Stepwise multi-objective optimization for high-concentration and uniform four-dish solar concentrators","authors":"Yanlong Zhang , Pengzhen Guo , Mengfan Tian , He Chen , Rongqiang Liu , Zongquan Deng , Lifang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of solar-thermal concentrators requires architectures that combine high flux density, uniform focal distribution, and structural simplicity. However, multi-dish systems often suffer from coupled trade-offs among concentration, spot uniformity, and geometric stability, which can limit thermal efficiency and increase hot-spot risk in high-temperature applications. This study targets this coupled-design challenge by enabling a controllable and robust focal spot in a modular multi-dish architecture. This study presents a four-dish off-axis conjugate concentrator optimized through a global optimization framework that integrates ray-tracing simulations with a unified objective function. The objective is to achieve high effective concentration while simultaneously improving flux uniformity and spot geometry under practical alignment/manufacturing uncertainties. The framework adopts a staged dynamic-weighting strategy to achieve a smooth transition from \"energy concentration\" to \"focal spot quality\". Unlike traditional approaches that vary numerous complex structural parameters, the proposed design constrains the optimization space to radial and axial displacement, focal length, and receiver dimensions, thereby simplifying assembly requirements while still enabling high-dimensional exploration of optical behavior. Optimization results demonstrate coordinated improvements across all metrics: the concentrator sustains <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>95</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> above the design threshold (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mtext>threshold</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 600), increases spot uniformity from 0.38 to 0.53, reduces RMS radius to 38 mm, and lowers the shape factor to 0.25, yielding a compact and geometrically stable focal spot. Outdoor validation confirmed these findings: under 35 °C and 620 W/m<sup>2</sup>, the prototype reached 783 °C within 4 s and achieved <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>≈</mo></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> 742, exhibited uniform, repeatable heat maps with strong tolerance to disturbances. These results contribute a four-dish off-axis conjugate architecture that suppresses off-axis aberration-induced spot degradation, and a staged, unified optimization framework that explicitly balances concentration–uniformity–spot geometry with experimental validation, providing a practical pathway toward deployable high-flux multi-dish concentrators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125351"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125392
Haorong Ren , Zhe Tian , Lei Han , Songping Meng , Yang Yang
The precise attenuation of wind-wave coupling perturbations on power generation stability constitutes a pivotal element in enhancing the operational efficacy of floating offshore wind turbines. A novel two-stage power stabilization control framework, integrating field data fusion forecasting with adaptive pitch regulation, is proposed to ameliorate coupled hydrodynamic-aerodynamic disturbances. A hybrid forecasting model is leveraged to predict the turbine's power output by discerning nonlinear wind-wave interactions, thereby furnishing preliminary power predictions for the subsequent two-stage variability reduction control. Spectral analysis is exploited to delineate wave-dominant frequencies in the initial stage of the control process, whilst an adaptive moving average algorithm adjusting the smoothing window dimensions dynamically, thereby refining power equilibrium. The second-stage control deploys a dual-mode pitch regulation methodology that distinguishes between two regions autonomously, applying proportional control for small-angle corrections to maximize energy capture beneath rated wind speeds judiciously, whereas constrained pitch control adjustments are activated during wind power ramp events to suppress excessive power slope variations. The robustness of the proposed framework is validated through experimental analysis utilizing offshore wind farm telemetry data, where frequency-domain decomposition reveals that 97.06% of spectral energy remains within aerodynamic-dominant frequencies, suppressing wave-induced oscillations effectively. Quantitative evaluations demonstrate a 95% reduction of wind power ramp events, accompanied by a 43.6% reduction in power slope variability and an 82.9% decrease in pitch actuator interventions.
{"title":"Adaptive pitch control for power stabilization of floating offshore wind turbines","authors":"Haorong Ren , Zhe Tian , Lei Han , Songping Meng , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise attenuation of wind-wave coupling perturbations on power generation stability constitutes a pivotal element in enhancing the operational efficacy of floating offshore wind turbines. A novel two-stage power stabilization control framework, integrating field data fusion forecasting with adaptive pitch regulation, is proposed to ameliorate coupled hydrodynamic-aerodynamic disturbances. A hybrid forecasting model is leveraged to predict the turbine's power output by discerning nonlinear wind-wave interactions, thereby furnishing preliminary power predictions for the subsequent two-stage variability reduction control. Spectral analysis is exploited to delineate wave-dominant frequencies in the initial stage of the control process, whilst an adaptive moving average algorithm adjusting the smoothing window dimensions dynamically, thereby refining power equilibrium. The second-stage control deploys a dual-mode pitch regulation methodology that distinguishes between two regions autonomously, applying proportional control for small-angle corrections to maximize energy capture beneath rated wind speeds judiciously, whereas constrained pitch control adjustments are activated during wind power ramp events to suppress excessive power slope variations. The robustness of the proposed framework is validated through experimental analysis utilizing offshore wind farm telemetry data, where frequency-domain decomposition reveals that 97.06% of spectral energy remains within aerodynamic-dominant frequencies, suppressing wave-induced oscillations effectively. Quantitative evaluations demonstrate a 95% reduction of wind power ramp events, accompanied by a 43.6% reduction in power slope variability and an 82.9% decrease in pitch actuator interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125392"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125442
Weikai Wang , Zhen Zhu , Chuting Lai , Huabo Wu , Jie Ji , Niansi Li , Bendong Yu
Wooden buildings offer significant carbon reduction benefits due to their renewable nature. This study develops a phase change wood roof photovoltaic coupling system that lowers panel temperature during the day to maintain efficiency and releases stored heat at night. Using vacuum impregnation, white poplar wood achieved a paraffin loading of 41.6%, with latent heat capacities of 55.9 J/g for phase change material-38 and 54.5 J/g for phase change materia-23. Epoxy encapsulation reduced mass loss from 1.38% to 0.29%. We constructed indoor and outdoor experimental platforms to test phase change materials, showing that phase change materia-23 reduced indoor temperature fluctuations by 2.91 °C, while photovoltaic coupling further alleviated heat retention. In outdoor tests, phase change materia-23 notably lowered the noon peak indoor temperature by 2–3 °C compared to normal wood. At night, the interior wall temperature of photovoltaic phase change wood is 1–2 °C lower than that of photovoltaic normal wood structure buildings. Phase change materia-23 also achieved 13.93% photovoltaic efficiency, 4.81% higher than the reference module. A numerical model predicted that phase change materia-23 reduces annual temperature fluctuations by 4.73 °C in tropical humid climates and phase change materia-38 by 8.07 °C in arid regions.
{"title":"Study on a novel phase-change wood roof integrated with diurnal photovoltaic conversion and nocturnal sky radiative cooling","authors":"Weikai Wang , Zhen Zhu , Chuting Lai , Huabo Wu , Jie Ji , Niansi Li , Bendong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wooden buildings offer significant carbon reduction benefits due to their renewable nature. This study develops a phase change wood roof photovoltaic coupling system that lowers panel temperature during the day to maintain efficiency and releases stored heat at night. Using vacuum impregnation, white poplar wood achieved a paraffin loading of 41.6%, with latent heat capacities of 55.9 J/g for phase change material-38 and 54.5 J/g for phase change materia-23. Epoxy encapsulation reduced mass loss from 1.38% to 0.29%. We constructed indoor and outdoor experimental platforms to test phase change materials, showing that phase change materia-23 reduced indoor temperature fluctuations by 2.91 °C, while photovoltaic coupling further alleviated heat retention. In outdoor tests, phase change materia-23 notably lowered the noon peak indoor temperature by 2–3 °C compared to normal wood. At night, the interior wall temperature of photovoltaic phase change wood is 1–2 °C lower than that of photovoltaic normal wood structure buildings. Phase change materia-23 also achieved 13.93% photovoltaic efficiency, 4.81% higher than the reference module. A numerical model predicted that phase change materia-23 reduces annual temperature fluctuations by 4.73 °C in tropical humid climates and phase change materia-38 by 8.07 °C in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125442"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2026.125191
Ali Mohammadi , Mohammad Haghighi , Maryam Shabani , Omid Mohammadi Vaniar
Novel porous cubic ZnSnO3 nanocatalysts designed via co-precipitation manner boosted with corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma was evaluated as an acidic catalyst in biodiesel production by esterification process. The characterization of the nanocatalysts modified by corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma technology was performed using XRD, FESEM, BET-BJH, TPD-NH3, 3D texture analysis, TEM and HRTEM techniques. The results showed that the novel modified sample via 10 wt% corn starch derived carbon-template (ZSO (HT = 10 %)), used for the first time in biofuel production, exhibited the best activity (84.8 %). its plasma-treated form (ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P) achieved the highest conversion (90.2 %) in oleic acid esterification. Corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma have a significant impact on the morphology of ZnSnO3. The sample ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P, in comparison with unmodified ZSO, exhibited higher macropore density, macropore volume (0.2004 cm3/g), mean pore diameter (37.8 nm), and density of acidic sites (17.2 μmol/m2). Also, during 5 periods of repeated use of (ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P), its structure and morphology remained unchanged without any drop in conversion percentage. Finally, the proposed simplified kinetic model and reaction mechanism were investigated and optimized by genetic algorithm across different temperatures and reaction times.
{"title":"Porous cubic ZnSnO3 nanocatalysts designed via DC-glow non-thermal plasma-boosted and corn starch derived carbon-template induced co-precipitation manner: Enhanced esterification of oleic acid","authors":"Ali Mohammadi , Mohammad Haghighi , Maryam Shabani , Omid Mohammadi Vaniar","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2026.125191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel porous cubic ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> nanocatalysts designed via co-precipitation manner boosted with corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma was evaluated as an acidic catalyst in biodiesel production by esterification process. The characterization of the nanocatalysts modified by corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma technology was performed using XRD, FESEM, BET-BJH, TPD-NH<sub>3</sub>, 3D texture analysis, TEM and HRTEM techniques. The results showed that the novel modified sample via 10 wt% corn starch derived carbon-template (ZSO (HT = 10 %)), used for the first time in biofuel production, exhibited the best activity (84.8 %). its plasma-treated form (ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P) achieved the highest conversion (90.2 %) in oleic acid esterification. Corn starch derived carbon-template and DC-glow non-thermal plasma have a significant impact on the morphology of ZnSnO<sub>3</sub>. The sample ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P, in comparison with unmodified ZSO, exhibited higher macropore density, macropore volume (0.2004 cm<sup>3</sup>/g), mean pore diameter (37.8 nm), and density of acidic sites (17.2 μmol/m<sup>2</sup>). Also, during 5 periods of repeated use of (ZSO(HT = 10 %)-P), its structure and morphology remained unchanged without any drop in conversion percentage. Finally, the proposed simplified kinetic model and reaction mechanism were investigated and optimized by genetic algorithm across different temperatures and reaction times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 125191"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号