Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06889
Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Ivan Pavlov, Guillaume St-Jean, Yan Zhu, Mathieu Castex, Younes Chorfi, Jérôme R. E. del Castillo, Ting Zhou, Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
Microbial biotransformation of Zearalenone (ZEN) is a promising deactivation approach. The residual toxicity and stability of Zearalenone-14-phosphate (ZEN-14-P) and Zearalenone-16-phosphate (ZEN-16-P), two novel microbial phosphorylation products of ZEN, remain unknown. We investigated the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and estrogenic activity of phosphorylated ZENs using porcine intestinal cells, uterine explants, and human endometrial cells and traced their metabolic fate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis. The phosphorylated ZENs significantly decreased the viability of the IPEC-J2 and Ishikawa cells. Similar to ZEN, phosphorylation products induced significant oxidative stress, activated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and demonstrated estrogenic activity through upregulation of estrogen-responsive genes, activation of alkaline phosphatase, and proliferation of endometrial glands. LC-MS/MS analysis pointed out that although phosphorylated ZENs are partially hydrolyzed to ZEN, their respective metabolic pathways differ. We conclude that phosphorylation might not be sufficient to detoxify ZEN, leaving its cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and estrogenic properties intact.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的微生物生物转化是一种很有前景的失活方法。玉米赤霉烯酮的两种新型微生物磷酸化产物玉米赤霉烯酮-14-磷酸酯（ZEN-14-P）和玉米赤霉烯酮-16-磷酸酯（ZEN-16-P）的残留毒性和稳定性仍然未知。我们利用猪肠道细胞、子宫外植体和人类子宫内膜细胞研究了磷酸化 ZENs 的细胞毒性、氧化应激、促炎症和雌激素活性，并通过液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS）/MS 分析追踪了它们的代谢命运。磷酸化的 ZENs 能显著降低 IPEC-J2 和石川细胞的活力。与 ZEN 类似，磷酸化产物也会诱发严重的氧化应激反应，激活促炎细胞因子的表达，并通过上调雌激素反应基因、激活碱性磷酸酶和增殖子宫内膜腺体而显示出雌激素活性。LC-MS/MS 分析表明，虽然磷酸化的 ZENs 会部分水解为 ZEN，但它们各自的代谢途径不同。我们的结论是，磷酸化可能不足以对 ZEN 进行解毒，从而使其细胞毒性、促炎性和雌激素特性保持不变。
{"title":"Phosphorylation of Zearalenone Retains Its Toxicity","authors":"Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Ivan Pavlov, Guillaume St-Jean, Yan Zhu, Mathieu Castex, Younes Chorfi, Jérôme R. E. del Castillo, Ting Zhou, Imourana Alassane-Kpembi","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06889","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial biotransformation of Zearalenone (ZEN) is a promising deactivation approach. The residual toxicity and stability of Zearalenone-14-phosphate (ZEN-14-P) and Zearalenone-16-phosphate (ZEN-16-P), two novel microbial phosphorylation products of ZEN, remain unknown. We investigated the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and estrogenic activity of phosphorylated ZENs using porcine intestinal cells, uterine explants, and human endometrial cells and traced their metabolic fate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis. The phosphorylated ZENs significantly decreased the viability of the IPEC-J2 and Ishikawa cells. Similar to ZEN, phosphorylation products induced significant oxidative stress, activated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and demonstrated estrogenic activity through upregulation of estrogen-responsive genes, activation of alkaline phosphatase, and proliferation of endometrial glands. LC-MS/MS analysis pointed out that although phosphorylated ZENs are partially hydrolyzed to ZEN, their respective metabolic pathways differ. We conclude that phosphorylation might not be sufficient to detoxify ZEN, leaving its cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and estrogenic properties intact.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in Toona sinensis shoot (TS) was extracted and purified through salt precipitation, ion-exchange column, and gel filtration chromatography methods. The GGT had two peptides with M.W. 35 and 50 kDa. Its function in the formation of TS sulfur-containing volatiles (SCVs) was evaluated. The highest GGT hydrolytic activity was at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. Its activity was enhanced by Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, and Ba2+ and reduced by Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The SCVs reached the highest level at GGT to TS sulfur-containing precursors extract 1:20. The aroma produced by GGT from the extract was similar to that of raw TS, especially for the cooked onion-like/TS-like flavor. These results revealed the characteristics and function of GGT in TS on sulfurous aroma formation. It could be applied to retrieve the production of sulfur-containing aroma from thermally preserved TS or similar vegetables, which lost GGT activity irreversibly during heat drying.
{"title":"Purification and Characterization of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase from Toona sinensisand Its Function on Formation of Sulfur-Containing Volatiles","authors":"Guanying Shi, Wenyu Gao, Zuobing Xiao, Le Zhang, Pengfei Jiang, Lili Zhao, Zhaogai Wang, Zhimin Xu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08239","url":null,"abstract":"γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in <i>Toona sinensis</i> shoot (TS) was extracted and purified through salt precipitation, ion-exchange column, and gel filtration chromatography methods. The GGT had two peptides with M.W. 35 and 50 kDa. Its function in the formation of TS sulfur-containing volatiles (SCVs) was evaluated. The highest GGT hydrolytic activity was at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. Its activity was enhanced by Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Ba<sup>2+</sup> and reduced by Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. The SCVs reached the highest level at GGT to TS sulfur-containing precursors extract 1:20. The aroma produced by GGT from the extract was similar to that of raw TS, especially for the cooked onion-like/TS-like flavor. These results revealed the characteristics and function of GGT in TS on sulfurous aroma formation. It could be applied to retrieve the production of sulfur-containing aroma from thermally preserved TS or similar vegetables, which lost GGT activity irreversibly during heat drying.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09118
Bo Zheng, Rui Li, Ling Chen
As the concept of precision nutrition has been gradually popularized in recent years, the relationship between the structure of starch–polyphenol complexes with significant health effects and their nutritional functions has been progressively investigated. In this study, G50 high-amylose maize starch with different molecular weights was first prepared by pullulanase and α-amylase, and their effects on the structural formation, digestion properties, and release behaviors of the starch–resveratrol (RA) complex were discussed. The results confirmed that enzyme-treated starch could enhance intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between starch and RA in a high-pressure homogeneous (HPH) environment, forming stable single-helix and V-type crystalline structures while reducing the B-type crystalline structures. Meanwhile, the in vitro experiment showed that when the RA addition was 3%, the resistant starch content of the starch–RA complex could reach 60.3%, and its RA colonic transport rate could reach more than 97%. Interestingly, the starch–RA complex with a relatively higher V-type crystalline structure content contributed to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, and it might be effective in carbohydrate metabolism and immunometabolism by promoting the functions of Phascolarctobacteriu and Alistipes. These findings provide new ideas for the design of the nutritional functions of RS.
近年来，随着精准营养概念的逐渐普及，人们开始逐步研究具有显著保健作用的淀粉多酚复合物的结构与其营养功能之间的关系。本研究首先利用拉鲁糖酶和α-淀粉酶制备了不同分子量的G50高淀粉，并讨论了它们对淀粉-白藜芦醇（RA）复合物的结构形成、消化特性和释放行为的影响。结果证实，酶处理淀粉可增强淀粉和白藜芦醇在高压均质（HPH）环境下的分子间氢键和疏水相互作用，形成稳定的单螺旋和V型结晶结构，同时降低B型结晶结构。同时，体外实验表明，当 RA 添加量为 3% 时，淀粉-RA 复合物中的抗性淀粉含量可达 60.3%，其 RA 结肠转运率可达 97% 以上。有趣的是，V型结晶结构含量相对较高的淀粉-RA复合物有助于产生短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），尤其是丁酸，并可能通过促进Phascolarctobacteriu和Alistipes的功能，在碳水化合物代谢和免疫代谢方面发挥有效作用。这些发现为设计 RS 的营养功能提供了新思路。
{"title":"Control of Starch Molecular Weight by Enzyme Treatment Facilitates the Formation of V-Type Starch–Resveratrol Complexes in a High-Pressure Homogenization Environment and Their Modulation Effects on the Gut Microbiota","authors":"Bo Zheng, Rui Li, Ling Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09118","url":null,"abstract":"As the concept of precision nutrition has been gradually popularized in recent years, the relationship between the structure of starch–polyphenol complexes with significant health effects and their nutritional functions has been progressively investigated. In this study, G50 high-amylose maize starch with different molecular weights was first prepared by pullulanase and α-amylase, and their effects on the structural formation, digestion properties, and release behaviors of the starch–resveratrol (RA) complex were discussed. The results confirmed that enzyme-treated starch could enhance intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between starch and RA in a high-pressure homogeneous (HPH) environment, forming stable single-helix and V-type crystalline structures while reducing the B-type crystalline structures. Meanwhile, the in vitro experiment showed that when the RA addition was 3%, the resistant starch content of the starch–RA complex could reach 60.3%, and its RA colonic transport rate could reach more than 97%. Interestingly, the starch–RA complex with a relatively higher V-type crystalline structure content contributed to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, and it might be effective in carbohydrate metabolism and immunometabolism by promoting the functions of <i>Phascolarctobacteriu</i> and <i>Alistipes</i>. These findings provide new ideas for the design of the nutritional functions of RS.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08619
Xiaohan Xu, Jing Gao, Liwei Qing, Mingyue Zhang, Jianan Sun, Hong Jiang, Sai Wang, Hao Dong, Xiangzhao Mao
The application of agarose oligosaccharides has garnered great attention, with their biological activities varying among different structures. However, it still meets a great bottleneck for the targeted production of odd-numbered neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOSs), such as neoagarotriose (NA3), due to the lack of one-step hydrolases. In this work, the α-agarase AgaA33 and β-galactosidase BgaD were synergistically used to prepare NA3 with agarose as a substrate. Additionally, an l-arabinose isomerase CaLAI from Clostridium acetobutylicum was characterized to valorize low-value byproducts (d-galactose) by forming d-tagatose, which exhibited good thermal stability without the need for additional metal ions. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the production of NA3 and d-galactose catalyzed by these three enzymes was 0.40 and 0.15 g/L, respectively. The artificial three-enzyme-based cascade transformation system not only achieved the highest production of NA3 until now but also allowed for the valorization of d-galactose, providing a wiser application route for agarose utilization.
{"title":"Artificial Cascade Transformation Biosystem for One-Pot Biomanufacturing of Odd-Numbered Neoagarooligosaccharides and d-Tagatose through Wiser Agarose Utilization","authors":"Xiaohan Xu, Jing Gao, Liwei Qing, Mingyue Zhang, Jianan Sun, Hong Jiang, Sai Wang, Hao Dong, Xiangzhao Mao","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08619","url":null,"abstract":"The application of agarose oligosaccharides has garnered great attention, with their biological activities varying among different structures. However, it still meets a great bottleneck for the targeted production of odd-numbered neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOSs), such as neoagarotriose (NA3), due to the lack of one-step hydrolases. In this work, the α-agarase AgaA33 and β-galactosidase BgaD were synergistically used to prepare NA3 with agarose as a substrate. Additionally, an <span>l</span>-arabinose isomerase CaLAI from <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> was characterized to valorize low-value byproducts (<span>d</span>-galactose) by forming <span>d</span>-tagatose, which exhibited good thermal stability without the need for additional metal ions. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the production of NA3 and <span>d</span>-galactose catalyzed by these three enzymes was 0.40 and 0.15 g/L, respectively. The artificial three-enzyme-based cascade transformation system not only achieved the highest production of NA3 until now but also allowed for the valorization of <span>d</span>-galactose, providing a wiser application route for agarose utilization.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(R)-Citronellal is a key chiral precursor of high-value chemicals, such as the best-selling flavor compound (-)-menthol; however, the conventional synthesis suffers from low yield and unsatisfactory enantioselectivity. In this study, we developed a highly atom-efficient hydrogen-borrowing cascade for the synthesis of (R)-citronellal from geraniol using alcohol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K12 (AdhP) and ene-reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae YJM1341 (OYE2p). The key rate-limiting enzyme, AdhP, was subjected to structure-guided semirational engineering, and the triple mutant AdhP260T/284A/268P (M3) was obtained that demonstrated a 1.28-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward geraniol. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the hydrogen-borrowing cascade system achieved the conversion of 23.14 g/L geraniol into (R)-citronellal at a conversion rate of 98.23% with 96.7% ee. This work represents an alternative approach for the biosynthesis of (R)-citronellal without sacrificing a cosubstrate or additional enzymes.
{"title":"Design of a Self-Sufficient Whole-Cell Cascade for the Production of (<i>R</i>)-Citronellal from Geraniol.","authors":"Gege Ma, Xiangyu Zhu, Dongxin Zhang, Haoran Li, Jinping Lin, Dongzhi Wei","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(<i>R</i>)-Citronellal is a key chiral precursor of high-value chemicals, such as the best-selling flavor compound (-)-menthol; however, the conventional synthesis suffers from low yield and unsatisfactory enantioselectivity. In this study, we developed a highly atom-efficient hydrogen-borrowing cascade for the synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-citronellal from geraniol using alcohol dehydrogenase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 (AdhP) and ene-reductase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> YJM1341 (OYE2p). The key rate-limiting enzyme, AdhP, was subjected to structure-guided semirational engineering, and the triple mutant AdhP<sup>260T/284A/268P</sup> (M3) was obtained that demonstrated a 1.28-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (<i>k</i><sub>cat</sub>/<i>K</i><sub>m</sub>) toward geraniol. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the hydrogen-borrowing cascade system achieved the conversion of 23.14 g/L geraniol into (<i>R</i>)-citronellal at a conversion rate of 98.23% with 96.7% ee. This work represents an alternative approach for the biosynthesis of (<i>R</i>)-citronellal without sacrificing a cosubstrate or additional enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gut microbiota contribute significantly to the immune system. Low-medium polarity ginsenosides from wild ginseng (LWG) have potential immunomodulatory effects. However, how the LWG regulates gut microbiota to enhance immunity remains unclear. To explore the interaction between gut microbes and metabolites mediating LWG’s immunomodulatory effects, this study examined LWG’s impact on splenocytes and CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses were conducted in vivo to explore the mechanism by which LWG regulates gut microbiota to enhance immunity. In vitro data suggest that LWG at 4 μg/mL enhances the splenocyte activity. Furthermore, LWG effectively reduces symptoms in immunocompromised mice, including weight loss and intestinal mucosal damage. LWG alleviated gut microbiota disturbance, restored tryptophan metabolites (IA, IAA, and IPA), and significantly increased JNK, ERK, and p38MAPK protein levels, which were downstream of AhR. Our study demonstrated that LWG improves the immunity by reshaping gut microbiota, restoring intestinal mucosa, and boosting the gut microbiota-related metabolism of tryptophan to activate the AhR/MAPK pathway. This research offers new insights into the mechanism by which LWG regulates immune function.
{"title":"Low-Medium Polarity Ginsenosides from Wild Ginseng Improves Immunity by Activating the AhR/MAPK Pathway through Tryptophan Metabolism Driven by Gut Microbiota","authors":"Meiyu Zhang, Liting Ma, Jing Luo, Tao Ren, Shuhan Liu, Lijia Pan, Yuwen Bao, Fangtong Li, Yulin Dai, Zifeng Pi, Hao Yue, Fei Zheng","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06019","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiota contribute significantly to the immune system. Low-medium polarity ginsenosides from wild ginseng (LWG) have potential immunomodulatory effects. However, how the LWG regulates gut microbiota to enhance immunity remains unclear. To explore the interaction between gut microbes and metabolites mediating LWG’s immunomodulatory effects, this study examined LWG’s impact on splenocytes and CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses were conducted in vivo to explore the mechanism by which LWG regulates gut microbiota to enhance immunity. <i>In vitro</i> data suggest that LWG at 4 μg/mL enhances the splenocyte activity. Furthermore, LWG effectively reduces symptoms in immunocompromised mice, including weight loss and intestinal mucosal damage. LWG alleviated gut microbiota disturbance, restored tryptophan metabolites (IA, IAA, and IPA), and significantly increased JNK, ERK, and p38MAPK protein levels, which were downstream of AhR. Our study demonstrated that LWG improves the immunity by reshaping gut microbiota, restoring intestinal mucosa, and boosting the gut microbiota-related metabolism of tryptophan to activate the AhR/MAPK pathway. This research offers new insights into the mechanism by which LWG regulates immune function.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease has seriously threatened the quality and yield of tomatoes. In this study, we investigated the role of amiRNA technology in disease resistance in tomatoes (cherry tomato and large-fruited tomato) and analyzed the physiological and molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in transgenic plants. TYLCV contains six functional genes, of which the C1, C2, and V1 genes have more phosphorylation sites and glycosylation sites, and the protein structure is more complex. The virus replication was inhibited, the peroxidation of membrane lipids was reduced, and disease resistance was enhanced in all transgenic cherry tomato (J6) plants in which the C1, C2, and V1 genes were silenced, respectively. Similarly, silencing of the C1 gene enhanced disease resistance in large-fruited tomatoes. In conclusion, amiRNA technology hinders viral replication, leading to reduced activity of the tomato plant-pathogen interaction pathway and weakening tomato-virus interactions, thereby improving disease resistance.
{"title":"AmiRNA Technology Enhances Tomato Disease Resistance by Suppressing Plant-Pathogen Interaction Pathways through Inhibiting TYLCV Replication","authors":"Xian Wang, Baoqiang Wang, Baoxia Jin, Weijie Wang, Xiaolin Zhu, Wenyu Liu, Ling Yang, Xiaohong Wei","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07332","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease has seriously threatened the quality and yield of tomatoes. In this study, we investigated the role of amiRNA technology in disease resistance in tomatoes (cherry tomato and large-fruited tomato) and analyzed the physiological and molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in transgenic plants. TYLCV contains six functional genes, of which the <i>C</i>1, <i>C2</i>, and <i>V1</i> genes have more phosphorylation sites and glycosylation sites, and the protein structure is more complex. The virus replication was inhibited, the peroxidation of membrane lipids was reduced, and disease resistance was enhanced in all transgenic cherry tomato (J6) plants in which the <i>C1</i>, <i>C2</i>, and <i>V1</i> genes were silenced, respectively. Similarly, silencing of the <i>C1</i> gene enhanced disease resistance in large-fruited tomatoes. In conclusion, amiRNA technology hinders viral replication, leading to reduced activity of the tomato plant-pathogen interaction pathway and weakening tomato-virus interactions, thereby improving disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phthorimaea absoluta releases (E3,Z8,Z11)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate (E3,Z8,Z11–14:OAc) and (E3,Z8)-tetradeca-3,8-dienyl acetate (E3,Z8–14:OAc) with a ratio of 90:10 as the sex pheromone. However, how this pest uses pheromone receptors (PRs) to detect the two pheromone components is unknown. Here, we functionally characterize the PR repertoire of P. absoluta. First, we identified five putative PRs by transcriptome sequencing, i.e., PabsOR4, PabsOR8, PabsOR12a, PabsOR14, and PabsOR17. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the male antennae. Next, we expressed them in Drosophila OR67 neurons and investigated their responses. PabsOR14 and PabsOR8 selpond to the main component,E3,Z8,Z11–14:OAc with different sensitivities, while PabsOR17 is tuned to the minor component, E3,Z8–14:OAc. In addition, PabsOR4 weakly responds to both sex pheromone components. Moreover, PabsOR17 and PabsOR4 potently respond to a non-sex pheromone compound, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7–12:OAc). Lastly, we demonstrated that Z7–12:OAc can replace E3,Z8–14:OAc to attract virgin males. Our findings elucidate the peripheral coding of the sex pheromone in P. absoluta, providing a new perspective for controlling it.
{"title":"Peripheral Coding of Sex Pheromones in the Tomato Leaf Miner, Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick)","authors":"Xiaoyu Hu, Rui Tang, Limei Song, Guoliang Li, Tenghao Gao, Li Chen, Hao Guo","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c09441","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Phthorimaea absoluta</i> releases (<i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8,<i>Z</i>11)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate (<i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8,<i>Z</i>11–14:OAc) and (<i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8)-tetradeca-3,8-dienyl acetate (<i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8–14:OAc) with a ratio of 90:10 as the sex pheromone. However, how this pest uses pheromone receptors (PRs) to detect the two pheromone components is unknown. Here, we functionally characterize the PR repertoire of <i>P. absoluta</i>. First, we identified five putative PRs by transcriptome sequencing, i.e., <i>PabsOR4</i>, <i>PabsOR8</i>, <i>PabsOR12a</i>, <i>PabsOR14</i>, and <i>PabsOR17</i>. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the male antennae. Next, we expressed them in <i>Drosophila</i> OR67 neurons and investigated their responses. PabsOR14 and PabsOR8 selpond to the main component,<i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8,<i>Z</i>11–14:OAc with different sensitivities, while PabsOR17 is tuned to the minor component, <i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8–14:OAc. In addition, PabsOR4 weakly responds to both sex pheromone components. Moreover, PabsOR17 and PabsOR4 potently respond to a non-sex pheromone compound, (<i>Z</i>)-7-dodecenyl acetate (<i>Z</i>7–12:OAc). Lastly, we demonstrated that <i>Z</i>7–12:OAc can replace <i>E</i>3,<i>Z</i>8–14:OAc to attract virgin males. Our findings elucidate the peripheral coding of the sex pheromone in <i>P. absoluta</i>, providing a new perspective for controlling it.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wine lees is a low value biomass resource rich in cellulose, with great potential for producing organic fertilizers and chemicals. However, the high acidity of wine lees limits the catalytic efficiency of the conversion tool endoglucanase. Here, we expressed endoglucanase tCel5A from Trichoderma reesei in Pichia pastoris, and the combination of promoter AOX1 and signal peptide SUC2 resulted in a highly active expression of 4632.81 U/mg. Subsequently, the catalytic center design and surface charge modification strategy resulted in mutants T88H/W255H and S45D/T55D/T59D exhibiting catalytic activity twice and three times higher than WT at pH 3.0, respectively. Finally, when the solid–liquid ratio was 1:15 (w/v), the degradation rate of wine lees was nearly double that of WT. The degradation products contained a variety of industrial and pharmaceutical raw components, including the antioxidant and anticonvulsant isopiperolein B. This study accelerates the green and sustainable management of wine lees.
{"title":"Acid Resistance Engineering of Endoglucanase for the Degradation of Wine Lees","authors":"Ruiyang Hou, Qianli Zhang, Wenmiao Wu, Yaping Ma, Rongya Zhang, Minchang Liu, Jian Chen, Wu Wen, Juan Zhang, Zheng Peng","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c08399","url":null,"abstract":"Wine lees is a low value biomass resource rich in cellulose, with great potential for producing organic fertilizers and chemicals. However, the high acidity of wine lees limits the catalytic efficiency of the conversion tool endoglucanase. Here, we expressed endoglucanase tCel5A from <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> in <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, and the combination of promoter AOX1 and signal peptide SUC2 resulted in a highly active expression of 4632.81 U/mg. Subsequently, the catalytic center design and surface charge modification strategy resulted in mutants T88H/W255H and S45D/T55D/T59D exhibiting catalytic activity twice and three times higher than WT at pH 3.0, respectively. Finally, when the solid–liquid ratio was 1:15 (w/v), the degradation rate of wine lees was nearly double that of WT. The degradation products contained a variety of industrial and pharmaceutical raw components, including the antioxidant and anticonvulsant isopiperolein B. This study accelerates the green and sustainable management of wine lees.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05734
Yang Wei, Jie Shao, Kang Wei, Lanlan Peng, Xinlin Wei
The high level of fluoride in Qingzhuan tea (QZT) poses a potential health risk to consumers. This study aims to explore the binding behavior of purified Qingzhuan tea polysaccharides (pTPS) and fluoride ions (F–), as well as their regulatory role in the digestion and metabolism of fluoride. The sugar content of pTPS was 94.64 ± 3.01%, with a molecular weight of 7.373 × 104 Da and high homogeneity. The effects of different proportions and environmental conditions on the adsorption of F– by pTPS were investigated. The influence of the complexation of pTPS and F– on the digestion and metabolism of fluoride was explored using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model and C57BL/6 mice. The structural alterations of pTPS were observed during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, pTPS were found to reduce serum fluoride levels and inhibit accumulation in major organs and tissues, especially the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, and femur. This study investigated the binding pattern between fluorine and pTPS and its influence on the digestion and absorption of fluorine, providing a promising potential for pTPS as a bioadsorbent of fluorine to alleviate the toxicity of fluorine in QZT, which laid a theoretical foundation for the safety of consumption of QZT.
{"title":"Influence of Qingzhuan Tea Polysaccharides on F– Adsorption: Molecular Structure, Binding Behavior, and In Vitro and In Vivo Digestion and Metabolism","authors":"Yang Wei, Jie Shao, Kang Wei, Lanlan Peng, Xinlin Wei","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05734","url":null,"abstract":"The high level of fluoride in Qingzhuan tea (QZT) poses a potential health risk to consumers. This study aims to explore the binding behavior of purified Qingzhuan tea polysaccharides (pTPS) and fluoride ions (F<sup>–</sup>), as well as their regulatory role in the digestion and metabolism of fluoride. The sugar content of pTPS was 94.64 ± 3.01%, with a molecular weight of 7.373 × 10<sup>4</sup> Da and high homogeneity. The effects of different proportions and environmental conditions on the adsorption of F<sup>–</sup> by pTPS were investigated. The influence of the complexation of pTPS and F<sup>–</sup> on the digestion and metabolism of fluoride was explored using an <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal digestion model and C57BL/6 mice. The structural alterations of pTPS were observed during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, pTPS were found to reduce serum fluoride levels and inhibit accumulation in major organs and tissues, especially the heart, liver, kidneys, muscles, and femur. This study investigated the binding pattern between fluorine and pTPS and its influence on the digestion and absorption of fluorine, providing a promising potential for pTPS as a bioadsorbent of fluorine to alleviate the toxicity of fluorine in QZT, which laid a theoretical foundation for the safety of consumption of QZT.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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