Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15871
Songtao Wang, Xianglong Zhu, Huijie Xie, Huijuan Li, Hanwei Li, Wengui Wang, Tian Liu, Yan Yan, Yongxiang Song
The pyrroline-derived alkaloid N-(2-methyl-3-oxodec-8-enoyl)-2-pyrroline (MOEP, 1) is a potential pesticide that remains to be structurally diversified for target screening and biosynthesis studies. Bioactivity-guided investigation of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum SCSIO DF147 yielded five classes of pyrroline-derived alkaloids (1–15), including five new compounds (2–4, 14, and 15). These compounds were first evaluated for chitinase (OfChtII and OfChi-h) inhibition, revealing that both the 3-pyrroline ring and the Δ8′,9′ double bond are key functional groups. Pesticidal and fungicidal evaluation highlighted compound 1, which outperformed the positive control diflubenzuron against the lepidopteran pest Plutella xylostella, causing 100% larval mortality after 5 days of feeding at 5 mM. The biosynthetic gene cluster (pasA–D) for 1 was identified and characterized. The cytochrome P450 PasB was shown to catalyze the final tailoring step, transforming intermediate 8 into the 3-pyrroline functional group in 1 via dehydroxymethylation and dehydrogenation. These findings provide insights for developing new chitinase-targeting pesticides.
{"title":"Structural Diversification and Biosynthesis of Pesticidal Pyrroline-Derived Alkaloid from Penicillium citrinum SCSIO DF147","authors":"Songtao Wang, Xianglong Zhu, Huijie Xie, Huijuan Li, Hanwei Li, Wengui Wang, Tian Liu, Yan Yan, Yongxiang Song","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15871","url":null,"abstract":"The pyrroline-derived alkaloid <i>N</i>-(2-methyl-3-oxodec-8-enoyl)-2-pyrroline (MOEP, <b>1</b>) is a potential pesticide that remains to be structurally diversified for target screening and biosynthesis studies. Bioactivity-guided investigation of the marine-derived fungus <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> SCSIO DF147 yielded five classes of pyrroline-derived alkaloids (<b>1–15</b>), including five new compounds (<b>2–4</b>, <b>14</b>, and <b>15</b>). These compounds were first evaluated for chitinase (<i>Of</i>ChtII and <i>Of</i>Chi-h) inhibition, revealing that both the 3-pyrroline ring and the Δ<sup>8′,9′</sup> double bond are key functional groups. Pesticidal and fungicidal evaluation highlighted compound <b>1</b>, which outperformed the positive control diflubenzuron against the lepidopteran pest <i>Plutella xylostella</i>, causing 100% larval mortality after 5 days of feeding at 5 mM. The biosynthetic gene cluster (<i>pasA</i>–<i>D</i>) for <b>1</b> was identified and characterized. The cytochrome P450 PasB was shown to catalyze the final tailoring step, transforming intermediate <b>8</b> into the 3-pyrroline functional group in <b>1</b> via dehydroxymethylation and dehydrogenation. These findings provide insights for developing new chitinase-targeting pesticides.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12654
Bintao Hu,Han Li,Chunping Tang,Chang-Qiang Ke,Jian Ding,Sheng Yao,Zuoquan Xie,Yang Ye
Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Physalis angulata led to the isolation of 15 undescribed withanolides, including an unprecedented 2,3-seco-1,3-cyclo-physalin (1) and a C27-nor-physalin (12), along with two known analogues (16 and 17). Their planar structures and absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, together with single crystal X-ray diffraction, ECD spectroscopy, and DFT NMR or TDDFT ECD calculations. All isolates were evaluated for their antimelanoma activity. In vitro, compounds 6 and 14 markedly inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 and A375 cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis via activation of the p53 signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by Trp53 knockout in B16F10 cells. In vivo, compound 6 significantly suppressed the growth of B16F10 and A375 subcutaneous xenografts in mice and concomitantly activated intratumoral p53 signaling pathway. These findings indicated withanolides isolated from P. angulata exert antimelanoma effects by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
对Physalis angulata空中部分的植物化学研究分离出15种未描述的withanolides，包括前所未有的2,3-seco-1,3- cyclophysalin(1)和c27 - non -physalin(12)，以及两种已知的类似物（16和17）。通过综合光谱分析，结合单晶x射线衍射、ECD光谱、DFT NMR或TDDFT ECD计算，确定了它们的平面结构和绝对构型。对所有分离株进行抗黑色素瘤活性评价。在体外实验中，化合物6和14通过激活p53信号通路诱导细胞周期阻滞和凋亡，从而显著抑制B16F10和A375细胞的增殖，这一点在B16F10细胞中被Trp53敲除进一步证实。在体内，化合物6显著抑制小鼠B16F10和A375皮下异种移植物的生长，并同时激活瘤内p53信号通路。这些研究结果表明，从马齿苋中分离的戊内酯通过激活p53信号通路发挥抗黑素瘤的作用。
{"title":"Withanolides from Physalis angulata as Potent Antimelanoma Agents: Activation of the p53 Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo","authors":"Bintao Hu,Han Li,Chunping Tang,Chang-Qiang Ke,Jian Ding,Sheng Yao,Zuoquan Xie,Yang Ye","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12654","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Physalis angulata led to the isolation of 15 undescribed withanolides, including an unprecedented 2,3-seco-1,3-cyclo-physalin (1) and a C27-nor-physalin (12), along with two known analogues (16 and 17). Their planar structures and absolute configurations were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, together with single crystal X-ray diffraction, ECD spectroscopy, and DFT NMR or TDDFT ECD calculations. All isolates were evaluated for their antimelanoma activity. In vitro, compounds 6 and 14 markedly inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 and A375 cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis via activation of the p53 signaling pathway, which was further confirmed by Trp53 knockout in B16F10 cells. In vivo, compound 6 significantly suppressed the growth of B16F10 and A375 subcutaneous xenografts in mice and concomitantly activated intratumoral p53 signaling pathway. These findings indicated withanolides isolated from P. angulata exert antimelanoma effects by activating the p53 signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15182
Fei Huan, Shuai Gao, Yi Gu, Yong-Peng Li, Xin-Yi Huang, Meng Liu, Yang Yang, Dong Lai, An-Feng Xiao, Guang-Ming Liu
Crossostrea angulata arginine kinase (Cra a 2) is a major allergen responsible for oyster allergy, emphasizing the need to develop its hypoallergenic mutant for oral desensitization. In this study, a mutant Cra a 2 (mCra a 2) was generated by simultaneously substituting the four key amino acids within the conformational B-cell epitopes. These site-directed mutations altered the structure and surface electrostatic potential, leading to reduction in immunoglobulin (Ig)G-/IgE-binding capacity and attenuated basophil activation, thereby confirming the diminished allergenic potential of mCra a 2. For T-cell reactivity analysis, two T-cell epitopes were identified and found to remain preserved in mCra a 2, thereby preserving its ability to activate T-cell. Notably, splenocytes from wild-type Cra a 2-immunized mice stimulation with mCra a 2 up-regulate IL-10 secretion. Collectively, mCra a 2 not only exhibits attenuated immunoreactivity but also retains robust T-cell reactivity, suggesting its potential utility in oral desensitization of oyster allergy.
{"title":"Designing a Hypoallergenic Mutant of Cra a 2 with T-Cell Reactivity","authors":"Fei Huan, Shuai Gao, Yi Gu, Yong-Peng Li, Xin-Yi Huang, Meng Liu, Yang Yang, Dong Lai, An-Feng Xiao, Guang-Ming Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15182","url":null,"abstract":"Crossostrea angulata arginine kinase (Cra a 2) is a major allergen responsible for oyster allergy, emphasizing the need to develop its hypoallergenic mutant for oral desensitization. In this study, a mutant Cra a 2 (mCra a 2) was generated by simultaneously substituting the four key amino acids within the conformational B-cell epitopes. These site-directed mutations altered the structure and surface electrostatic potential, leading to reduction in immunoglobulin (Ig)G-/IgE-binding capacity and attenuated basophil activation, thereby confirming the diminished allergenic potential of mCra a 2. For T-cell reactivity analysis, two T-cell epitopes were identified and found to remain preserved in mCra a 2, thereby preserving its ability to activate T-cell. Notably, splenocytes from wild-type Cra a 2-immunized mice stimulation with mCra a 2 up-regulate IL-10 secretion. Collectively, mCra a 2 not only exhibits attenuated immunoreactivity but also retains robust T-cell reactivity, suggesting its potential utility in oral desensitization of oyster allergy.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14216
Tianfei Yu, Tianshuo Hu, Kai Na, Qian Lin, Shujing Chen, Hua Xie, Miao Yu, Li Zhang, Xiaohua Guo
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-targeting agonist peptides play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we integrated deep learning, virtual screening, and molecular simulation to develop Peptide_MDI, an intelligent screening platform built on Nextflow. From 2798 candidate peptides derived from wheat gliadin, we identified RLSYQFPFYP (designated CaSR_TP_1) as the lead peptide, which binds CaSR with a dissociation constant Kd = 74.4 nM. Functionally, CaSR_TP_1 upregulates tight junction proteins, promotes cell proliferation, enhances antioxidant defenses, and reduces the transcriptional levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6. Mechanistically, it attenuates H2O2 induced oxidative stress by activating the CaSR/PLCγ1/Rac1/MAPK signaling cascade. In conclusion, the CaSR-targeting peptide RLSYQFPFYP was identified with high affinity (nanomolar range) using Peptide_MDI, establishing a scalable technological framework for discovering bioactive peptides that promote gut homeostasis and for designing next-generation smart peptide therapeutics.
{"title":"Discovery of High-Affinity Glutamine-Derived Peptides from Wheat Gliadin Targeting CaSR: a Computational Approach Integrating Deep Learning and Molecular Dynamics","authors":"Tianfei Yu, Tianshuo Hu, Kai Na, Qian Lin, Shujing Chen, Hua Xie, Miao Yu, Li Zhang, Xiaohua Guo","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14216","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-targeting agonist peptides play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we integrated deep learning, virtual screening, and molecular simulation to develop Peptide_MDI, an intelligent screening platform built on Nextflow. From 2798 candidate peptides derived from wheat gliadin, we identified RLSYQFPFYP (designated CaSR_TP_1) as the lead peptide, which binds CaSR with a dissociation constant <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 74.4 nM. Functionally, CaSR_TP_1 upregulates tight junction proteins, promotes cell proliferation, enhances antioxidant defenses, and reduces the transcriptional levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6. Mechanistically, it attenuates H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced oxidative stress by activating the CaSR/PLCγ1/Rac1/MAPK signaling cascade. In conclusion, the CaSR-targeting peptide RLSYQFPFYP was identified with high affinity (nanomolar range) using Peptide_MDI, establishing a scalable technological framework for discovering bioactive peptides that promote gut homeostasis and for designing next-generation smart peptide therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environmental behavior and phytotoxicity of functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) featuring imidazolium cations bearing a cyclic (−)-menthol or a linear 1-decanol-derived substituent and fluorinated anions were evaluated in a soil bioassay (Raphanus sativus). Structure–activity relationships were determined by integrating measurements (water solubility, surface tension, molecular volume) with in-silico descriptors (n-octanol–water partition coefficient, log KOW; bioconcentration factor, log BCF; asymmetry). Lipophilicity and bioaccumulation correlated with fresh-mass inhibition (EC50). More-fluorinated, larger, and charge-delocalized anions were more hydrophobic, elevating bioaccumulation and toxicity. Within menthol-based series, sulfonylimide-based FILs were more phytotoxic (EC50 74.7, 107.3 mg·kg–1 soil dry weight) than sulfonate analogues (e.g., 299.1 mg·kg–1). FILs with linear cations were more phytotoxic and showed higher log KOW/BCF than cyclic analogues, consistent with greater molecular volume, higher asymmetry, and reduced hydration. Antioxidant responses paralleled EC50, implicating oxidative stress. This workflow improves risk assessment and provides green-by-design criteria to prioritise safer ILs.
{"title":"Designing Safer Functionalized Ionic Liquids: Monoterpene-Derived Compounds for Greener Agrochemical Development","authors":"Przemysław Pietrusiak,Barbara Pawłowska,Magdalena Bendová,Robert Biczak,Joanna Feder-Kubis","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12979","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental behavior and phytotoxicity of functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) featuring imidazolium cations bearing a cyclic (−)-menthol or a linear 1-decanol-derived substituent and fluorinated anions were evaluated in a soil bioassay (Raphanus sativus). Structure–activity relationships were determined by integrating measurements (water solubility, surface tension, molecular volume) with in-silico descriptors (n-octanol–water partition coefficient, log KOW; bioconcentration factor, log BCF; asymmetry). Lipophilicity and bioaccumulation correlated with fresh-mass inhibition (EC50). More-fluorinated, larger, and charge-delocalized anions were more hydrophobic, elevating bioaccumulation and toxicity. Within menthol-based series, sulfonylimide-based FILs were more phytotoxic (EC50 74.7, 107.3 mg·kg–1 soil dry weight) than sulfonate analogues (e.g., 299.1 mg·kg–1). FILs with linear cations were more phytotoxic and showed higher log KOW/BCF than cyclic analogues, consistent with greater molecular volume, higher asymmetry, and reduced hydration. Antioxidant responses paralleled EC50, implicating oxidative stress. This workflow improves risk assessment and provides green-by-design criteria to prioritise safer ILs.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleic acid (OA)-enriched diet significantly enhances CD36 expression and promotes milk fat production in the mammary gland. However, the mechanisms by which OA upregulates this process are unknown. Here, GC-MS analysis and molecular docking were used to assess OA-CD36 binding, while gene expression and ChIP assays clarified the OA-mediated regulation of CD36 and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CD36 is highly expressed in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows and positively regulates milk fat production. OA enters dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via direct binding to CD36. OA stimulation elevates the CD36 expression and translocation. ChIP assays confirmed CD36 as a target gene of NRF2. OA also enhances NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation, which in turn upregulates CD36 expression and function. This study elucidates the NRF2–CD36 axis as a regulator of OA-driven milk fat synthesis in mammary tissue, offering practical value for dairy industry nutritional strategies.
{"title":"NRF2-CD36 Axis-Mediated Oleic Acid-Induced Milk Fat Production in Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells","authors":"Caiyan Zhang,Fengxian Sui,Meiyan Liu,Yalin Xie,Jiadi Su,Jing Gao,Ye Lin,Yang Yang,Xiaoming Hou","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14401","url":null,"abstract":"Oleic acid (OA)-enriched diet significantly enhances CD36 expression and promotes milk fat production in the mammary gland. However, the mechanisms by which OA upregulates this process are unknown. Here, GC-MS analysis and molecular docking were used to assess OA-CD36 binding, while gene expression and ChIP assays clarified the OA-mediated regulation of CD36 and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CD36 is highly expressed in the lactating mammary tissues of dairy cows and positively regulates milk fat production. OA enters dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via direct binding to CD36. OA stimulation elevates the CD36 expression and translocation. ChIP assays confirmed CD36 as a target gene of NRF2. OA also enhances NRF2 expression and nuclear translocation, which in turn upregulates CD36 expression and function. This study elucidates the NRF2–CD36 axis as a regulator of OA-driven milk fat synthesis in mammary tissue, offering practical value for dairy industry nutritional strategies.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12378
Min Li, Tangbo Cao, Liting Chen, Leiming He, Hao Liu, Yun Duan, Fulong Zhang, Tongfang Jing, Xuewei Mao, Lin Zhou
Peanut root rot (PRR), caused by Fusarium solani, is a common and destructive disease. Cyclobutrifluram exhibits antifungal activity against Fusarium spp., yet its bioactivity and resistance risk against F. solani remain unclear. In this study, the EC50 values of cyclobutrifluram against 155 F. solani strains ranged from 0.0279 to 0.1102 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.0513 ± 0.0170 μg/mL. Treatment with cyclobutrifluram significantly inhibited conidial production and germination, reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased hyphal branching, and shortened the distance between septa or cell nuclei. Cyclobutrifluram provided excellent control over PRR. Seven laboratory-generated cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants showed no or slight fitness penalties and exhibited positive cross-resistance only with pydiflumetofen, indicating a moderate-to-high resistance risk. Resistance to cyclobutrifluram in F. solani was conferred by four SDH substitutions (FsSdhBH248Y, FsSdhC1A83V, FsSdhC2A85V, and FsSdhDD184G), which was confirmed by molecular docking and gene replacement. This study provides crucial insights for developing effective control strategies to manage PRR.
{"title":"Antifungal Activity and Resistance Risk of Cyclobutrifluram against Fusarium solani, the Causal Agent of Peanut Root Rot","authors":"Min Li, Tangbo Cao, Liting Chen, Leiming He, Hao Liu, Yun Duan, Fulong Zhang, Tongfang Jing, Xuewei Mao, Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12378","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut root rot (PRR), caused by <i>Fusarium solani</i>, is a common and destructive disease. Cyclobutrifluram exhibits antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i> spp., yet its bioactivity and resistance risk against <i>F. solani</i> remain unclear. In this study, the EC<sub>50</sub> values of cyclobutrifluram against 155 <i>F. solani</i> strains ranged from 0.0279 to 0.1102 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.0513 ± 0.0170 μg/mL. Treatment with cyclobutrifluram significantly inhibited conidial production and germination, reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, increased hyphal branching, and shortened the distance between septa or cell nuclei. Cyclobutrifluram provided excellent control over PRR. Seven laboratory-generated cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants showed no or slight fitness penalties and exhibited positive cross-resistance only with pydiflumetofen, indicating a moderate-to-high resistance risk. Resistance to cyclobutrifluram in <i>F. solani</i> was conferred by four SDH substitutions (<i>FsSdhB</i><sup>H248Y</sup>, <i>FsSdhC1</i><sup>A83V</sup>, <i>FsSdhC2</i><sup>A85V</sup>, and <i>FsSdhD</i><sup>D184G</sup>), which was confirmed by molecular docking and gene replacement. This study provides crucial insights for developing effective control strategies to manage PRR.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate variations in γ-glutamyl dipeptides in traditional shrimp paste prepared from shrimp heads with 20% (S20), 25% (S25), and 30% (S30) (w/w) NaCl. Microbial community composition, sensory characteristics, free amino acids and γ-glutamyl dipeptides were analyzed. Results showed that a total of 19 γ-glutamyl dipeptides (excluding γ-EC) were detected, with their concentrations generally increasing over the course of fermentation. On day 28, S20 exhibited the highest scores in all kokumi attributes, which aligns with its highest total concentration of γ-glutamyl dipeptides (22.1 ± 0.6 μmol/g) compared to S25 (20.6 ± 0.6 μmol/g) and S30 (18.1 ± 0.3 μmol/g). Moreover, the formation of γ-glutamyl dipeptides in S20 was primarily associated with Salimicrobium and Alkalibacillus, whereas in S25 and S30 it was correlated with unclassified_f_Rhodobacteraceae, Shewanella, Vibrio, and Altererythrobacter. These findings offer useful insights into strategies for improving the taste quality of shrimp paste.
{"title":"Unravelling the Dynamics of γ-Glutamyl Dipeptides, Microbial Composition, and Kokumi Attributes during Fermentation of Traditional Shrimp Paste","authors":"Wenhao Zhang, Longteng Zhang, Yanfu He, Chuan Li, Lulu Zhu, Qian Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13467","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate variations in γ-glutamyl dipeptides in traditional shrimp paste prepared from shrimp heads with 20% (S20), 25% (S25), and 30% (S30) (w/w) NaCl. Microbial community composition, sensory characteristics, free amino acids and γ-glutamyl dipeptides were analyzed. Results showed that a total of 19 γ-glutamyl dipeptides (excluding γ-EC) were detected, with their concentrations generally increasing over the course of fermentation. On day 28, S20 exhibited the highest scores in all kokumi attributes, which aligns with its highest total concentration of γ-glutamyl dipeptides (22.1 ± 0.6 μmol/g) compared to S25 (20.6 ± 0.6 μmol/g) and S30 (18.1 ± 0.3 μmol/g). Moreover, the formation of γ-glutamyl dipeptides in S20 was primarily associated with <i>Salimicrobium</i> and <i>Alkalibacillus</i>, whereas in S25 and S30 it was correlated with <i>unclassified_f_Rhodobacteraceae</i>, <i>Shewanella</i>, <i>Vibrio</i>, and <i>Altererythrobacter</i>. These findings offer useful insights into strategies for improving the taste quality of shrimp paste.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14486
Jian Lei, Huicheng Nong, Feifei Meng, Ling Huang, Hongxia Tan
Food safety remains a critical global challenge due to the pervasive presence of chemical contaminants (e.g., mycotoxins, pesticides) and microbial hazards in food systems. This complex contamination landscape drives innovative, development of decontamination strategies. Semiconductor-based photoactive nanomaterials demonstrate promising prospects for mitigating diverse risk factors in food systems. This paper summarized the applications of photoactive nanomaterials for reducing food risk factors (e.g., mycotoxin detoxification, pesticide decomposition, and food pigments). It also analyzed their degradation mechanism, and discussed their application limitations. Furthermore, the preparation of antibacterial agents and membrane materials based on photoactive nanomaterials, and their applications in the fields of antibacterial field and food preservation, were also reviewed. Additionally, the development of the selective photocatalytic systems that possess both high catalytic efficiency and good food matrix compatibility was discussed in this paper. In short, this article systematically integrated the strategies of material engineering used to enhance the performance of photoactive nanomaterials, as well as their applications as photocatalysts, nanoantibacterial agents, and functional membrane materials in food safety, offering novel perspectives on the controlling of food hazards.
{"title":"Photoactive Nanomaterials for Mitigating Food Risk Factors: Advances, Mechanisms, and Future Perspectives","authors":"Jian Lei, Huicheng Nong, Feifei Meng, Ling Huang, Hongxia Tan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14486","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety remains a critical global challenge due to the pervasive presence of chemical contaminants (e.g., mycotoxins, pesticides) and microbial hazards in food systems. This complex contamination landscape drives innovative, development of decontamination strategies. Semiconductor-based photoactive nanomaterials demonstrate promising prospects for mitigating diverse risk factors in food systems. This paper summarized the applications of photoactive nanomaterials for reducing food risk factors (e.g., mycotoxin detoxification, pesticide decomposition, and food pigments). It also analyzed their degradation mechanism, and discussed their application limitations. Furthermore, the preparation of antibacterial agents and membrane materials based on photoactive nanomaterials, and their applications in the fields of antibacterial field and food preservation, were also reviewed. Additionally, the development of the selective photocatalytic systems that possess both high catalytic efficiency and good food matrix compatibility was discussed in this paper. In short, this article systematically integrated the strategies of material engineering used to enhance the performance of photoactive nanomaterials, as well as their applications as photocatalysts, nanoantibacterial agents, and functional membrane materials in food safety, offering novel perspectives on the controlling of food hazards.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08315
Shanshan Zhou,Huiting Wang,Yaling Li,Niuniu Shi,Yaoyao Li,Jianzhong Huang,Shanren Li
Soybean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, poses a serious threat to global soybean production. In this study, we isolated and characterized Lysobacter sp. strain SR01, a novel bacterium that exhibits strong antagonistic activity against C. truncatum. Combined chemical and genomic analyses identified alteramide C and its precursor, 3-deOH alteramide C, as the key antifungal metabolites. These compounds are biosynthesized by a PoTeM-type atc gene cluster, which notably lacks the cyclase genes OX1 and OX4 required for the canonical heat-stable antifungal factor pathway. The heterologous expression of OX4 in SR01 redirected metabolite production toward HSAF-type scaffolds, demonstrating the genetic plasticity of the cluster. Purified alteramide C and 3-deOH alteramide C strongly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination in vitro and significantly reduced lesion development on soybean pods under both protective and curative conditions. Our findings reveal a lineage-specific metabolic shortcut that generates structurally simplified antifungal compounds, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation for efficient biosynthesis through a truncated pathway, and highlight the potential of these simplified molecules as sustainable candidates for the control of soybean anthracnose.
{"title":"Discovery and Biosynthesis of Antifungal Alteramide C from the Biocontrol Agent Lysobacter sp. SR01","authors":"Shanshan Zhou,Huiting Wang,Yaling Li,Niuniu Shi,Yaoyao Li,Jianzhong Huang,Shanren Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c08315","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum, poses a serious threat to global soybean production. In this study, we isolated and characterized Lysobacter sp. strain SR01, a novel bacterium that exhibits strong antagonistic activity against C. truncatum. Combined chemical and genomic analyses identified alteramide C and its precursor, 3-deOH alteramide C, as the key antifungal metabolites. These compounds are biosynthesized by a PoTeM-type atc gene cluster, which notably lacks the cyclase genes OX1 and OX4 required for the canonical heat-stable antifungal factor pathway. The heterologous expression of OX4 in SR01 redirected metabolite production toward HSAF-type scaffolds, demonstrating the genetic plasticity of the cluster. Purified alteramide C and 3-deOH alteramide C strongly inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination in vitro and significantly reduced lesion development on soybean pods under both protective and curative conditions. Our findings reveal a lineage-specific metabolic shortcut that generates structurally simplified antifungal compounds, reflecting an evolutionary adaptation for efficient biosynthesis through a truncated pathway, and highlight the potential of these simplified molecules as sustainable candidates for the control of soybean anthracnose.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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