Pub Date : 2026-03-18Epub Date: 2026-02-27DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13501
Xiaoxiao Li, Yiming Yao, Jing Wang, Lili Rong, Ana He, Meng Gao, Zhipeng Cheng, Yu Wang, Hongwen Sun
Despite longstanding concerns over pesticide contamination in aquatic environments, their impacts on nitrogen-cycling functions in agricultural soils remain inadequately explored. This study employed target, suspect, and nontarget screening to identify residual pesticides and transformation products (TPs) in rapeseed-rice rotation soils, revealing associations with ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs). Suspect and nontarget screening uncovered an additional eight pesticides and 14 TPs, including three novel TPs and three newly identified in environmental matrices. The mean total concentration of TPs (230 μg/kg dw) was comparable to that of the parent pesticides (221 μg/kg dw) with enrichment in the rhizosphere. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and comammox Nitrospira were more susceptible to pesticides and TPs than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Notably, certain TPs imposed greater stress on AOMs than their parent compounds, especially in the rhizosphere. These findings suggest that pesticide-induced shifts in AOM abundance may alter soil nitrogen cycling, highlighting the need to investigate the long-term effects on nitrogen-cycling microorganisms in agricultural soils.
{"title":"Pesticides and Transformation Products in Rapeseed-Rice Rotation Soils: Nontarget Analysis and Associations with Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganism Community.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Li, Yiming Yao, Jing Wang, Lili Rong, Ana He, Meng Gao, Zhipeng Cheng, Yu Wang, Hongwen Sun","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13501","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite longstanding concerns over pesticide contamination in aquatic environments, their impacts on nitrogen-cycling functions in agricultural soils remain inadequately explored. This study employed target, suspect, and nontarget screening to identify residual pesticides and transformation products (TPs) in rapeseed-rice rotation soils, revealing associations with ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs). Suspect and nontarget screening uncovered an additional eight pesticides and 14 TPs, including three novel TPs and three newly identified in environmental matrices. The mean total concentration of TPs (230 μg/kg dw) was comparable to that of the parent pesticides (221 μg/kg dw) with enrichment in the rhizosphere. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and comammox <i>Nitrospira</i> were more susceptible to pesticides and TPs than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Notably, certain TPs imposed greater stress on AOMs than their parent compounds, especially in the rhizosphere. These findings suggest that pesticide-induced shifts in AOM abundance may alter soil nitrogen cycling, highlighting the need to investigate the long-term effects on nitrogen-cycling microorganisms in agricultural soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"8198-8207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12265
Yanfei Huang,Yinyin Liao,Ziyin Yang,Xiumin Fu
While tea quality traits are largely attributed to leaf-derived metabolites, the role of roots in determining tea (Camellia sinensis L.) productivity and quality has been relatively understudied. Tea roots are central to nitrogen assimilation, carbohydrate storage, and phytohormone biosynthesis, thereby influencing shoot development and environmental responses. Although recent efforts have focused on identifying key genes coordinating quality, yield, and stress resilience, the long lifespan of tea plants limits the practicality of genetic replacement in mature plantations. This review instead emphasizes agronomic and environmental regulation of root metabolites as an alternative approach for enhancing plant performance. Based on the findings (including multiomics studies) about root metabolites and their effects on aboveground traits, we propose a rhizosphere-to-canopy optimization framework incorporating microbiome modulation, nutrient management, and precision agronomy. Root-centered interventions represent a promising, sustainable approach to enhance tea quality, yield, and stress tolerance without replacing established cultivars.
{"title":"Beneath the Surface: Root Metabolites Driving Shoot Agronomic Traits in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.).","authors":"Yanfei Huang,Yinyin Liao,Ziyin Yang,Xiumin Fu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c12265","url":null,"abstract":"While tea quality traits are largely attributed to leaf-derived metabolites, the role of roots in determining tea (Camellia sinensis L.) productivity and quality has been relatively understudied. Tea roots are central to nitrogen assimilation, carbohydrate storage, and phytohormone biosynthesis, thereby influencing shoot development and environmental responses. Although recent efforts have focused on identifying key genes coordinating quality, yield, and stress resilience, the long lifespan of tea plants limits the practicality of genetic replacement in mature plantations. This review instead emphasizes agronomic and environmental regulation of root metabolites as an alternative approach for enhancing plant performance. Based on the findings (including multiomics studies) about root metabolites and their effects on aboveground traits, we propose a rhizosphere-to-canopy optimization framework incorporating microbiome modulation, nutrient management, and precision agronomy. Root-centered interventions represent a promising, sustainable approach to enhance tea quality, yield, and stress tolerance without replacing established cultivars.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c16741
Xiaoyu Song, Wenkun Zhang, Yan Bai, Lili Zhang, Jiangchun Hu, Zhijie Wu, Huaqi Pan
The development of efficient urease inhibitors represents a promising strategy for agricultural applications. This review examines the status of commercial urease inhibitors and the challenges encountered while systematically summarizing the urease inhibitory activities and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of 339 synthetic compounds belonging to 12 structural types reported from 2001 to 2025. It emphasizes phosphoramidate, thiourea, coumarin, azine, and amine derivatives that exhibit potent urease inhibitory activity. Furthermore, SAR analysis indicates that derivatives containing electron-withdrawing substituents, such as halogens and nitro groups, demonstrate significantly higher urease inhibitory potency compared with those with electron-donating substituents, such as methyl groups. The review also compares the binding modes and key active sites of representative inhibitors from each subtype with those of plant urease (4H9M) and soil microbial urease (4CEU) through molecular docking analysis. Finally, it outlines the challenges and future research priorities for soil urease inhibitors. This review enhances our understanding of urease inhibitors and guides the development of highly effective soil urease inhibitors to address critical global environmental sustainability challenges.
{"title":"Comprehensive Review and Outlook of the Synthetic Urease Inhibitors for Agricultural Applications","authors":"Xiaoyu Song, Wenkun Zhang, Yan Bai, Lili Zhang, Jiangchun Hu, Zhijie Wu, Huaqi Pan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c16741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c16741","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient urease inhibitors represents a promising strategy for agricultural applications. This review examines the status of commercial urease inhibitors and the challenges encountered while systematically summarizing the urease inhibitory activities and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of 339 synthetic compounds belonging to 12 structural types reported from 2001 to 2025. It emphasizes phosphoramidate, thiourea, coumarin, azine, and amine derivatives that exhibit potent urease inhibitory activity. Furthermore, SAR analysis indicates that derivatives containing electron-withdrawing substituents, such as halogens and nitro groups, demonstrate significantly higher urease inhibitory potency compared with those with electron-donating substituents, such as methyl groups. The review also compares the binding modes and key active sites of representative inhibitors from each subtype with those of plant urease (4H9M) and soil microbial urease (4CEU) through molecular docking analysis. Finally, it outlines the challenges and future research priorities for soil urease inhibitors. This review enhances our understanding of urease inhibitors and guides the development of highly effective soil urease inhibitors to address critical global environmental sustainability challenges.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent bioaccumulative pollutant that can induce significant liver injury and functional impairment. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with potent bioactive properties and hepatoprotective effects. However, whether ASX can mitigate PFOS-induced liver injury and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The results indicate that ASX supplementation significantly alleviatess PFOS-induced liver injury. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that lipid metabolic disorder may be a primary driver of PFOS-induced liver damage, and ASX may mitigate it by modulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that ASX effectively alleviates PFOS-induced accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol as well as alterations in the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. This study demonstrates that ASX can mitigate PFOS-induced hepatic injury by regulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, supporting its potential as a promising natural compound against liver damage.
{"title":"Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on PFOS-Induced Liver Injury via Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Metabolic Pathways.","authors":"Bowen Yin,Xuanyi Liu,Miaomiao Lu,Siqi Zhu,Wei Bao,Yanyi Zhai,Xiaoya Sun,Jingyi Ren,Zhenao Zhang,Ziyi Wang,Yuxia Ma","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c17181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c17181","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent bioaccumulative pollutant that can induce significant liver injury and functional impairment. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with potent bioactive properties and hepatoprotective effects. However, whether ASX can mitigate PFOS-induced liver injury and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The results indicate that ASX supplementation significantly alleviatess PFOS-induced liver injury. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that lipid metabolic disorder may be a primary driver of PFOS-induced liver damage, and ASX may mitigate it by modulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that ASX effectively alleviates PFOS-induced accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol as well as alterations in the expression of proteins associated with cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. This study demonstrates that ASX can mitigate PFOS-induced hepatic injury by regulating cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, supporting its potential as a promising natural compound against liver damage.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c09850
Changsheng Qiao,Junhao Lei,Shuyu Yang,Xiang Yang,Weifeng Cao,Rong Fan,Yinhua Wan
Cane molasses, an abundant low-cost sugar industry byproduct, is a promising feedstock for high-value poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA) production, but raw utilization is hindered by inhibitors (high osmotic pressure, pigments, pectin), leading to a mere 7.6 g/L PMLA yield (≈11% of glucose) in 7.5 L fermenters. This study proposes an integrated strategy combining advanced pretreatment and immobilization. A novel sequential SADE pretreatment (dilution, acidification, decolorization, and enzymatic hydrolysis) eliminated inhibitors while preserving fermentable sugars. Coupled with fed-batch fermentation (total sugar 800 g), it achieved 54.7 g/L PMLA, 82.85 g/L biomass, and 0.76 g/(L·h) productivity. Further, immobilizing Aureobasidium melanogenum ipe-1 on luffa sponge enabled three repeated batches with an average 56.71 g/L PMLA yield, 11.5% higher than free-cell fermentation.
{"title":"Intensification of Poly(β-l-malic acid) Production from Cane Molasses via an Integrated Strategy: Pretreatment Optimization and Cell Immobilization in Luffa Sponge Matrices.","authors":"Changsheng Qiao,Junhao Lei,Shuyu Yang,Xiang Yang,Weifeng Cao,Rong Fan,Yinhua Wan","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c09850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c09850","url":null,"abstract":"Cane molasses, an abundant low-cost sugar industry byproduct, is a promising feedstock for high-value poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA) production, but raw utilization is hindered by inhibitors (high osmotic pressure, pigments, pectin), leading to a mere 7.6 g/L PMLA yield (≈11% of glucose) in 7.5 L fermenters. This study proposes an integrated strategy combining advanced pretreatment and immobilization. A novel sequential SADE pretreatment (dilution, acidification, decolorization, and enzymatic hydrolysis) eliminated inhibitors while preserving fermentable sugars. Coupled with fed-batch fermentation (total sugar 800 g), it achieved 54.7 g/L PMLA, 82.85 g/L biomass, and 0.76 g/(L·h) productivity. Further, immobilizing Aureobasidium melanogenum ipe-1 on luffa sponge enabled three repeated batches with an average 56.71 g/L PMLA yield, 11.5% higher than free-cell fermentation.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluazinam is a widely used agricultural fungicide, but the effects of subchronic exposure remain unclear. This study investigated the liver and intestinal toxicity of fluazinam in mice exposed for 12 weeks at 0.01 and 1 mg/kg bw/day. Results showed that fluazinam caused weight loss, metabolic disorders, and liver toxicity. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Notably, the abundance of bile-acid-metabolizing bacteria (such as Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculum) decreased. Mechanistically, this abnormality triggered a cascade reaction via the gut-liver axis, leading to decreased total bile acid levels, downregulated hepatic synthesis genes (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1), and upregulated intestinal Fgf15. These changes impaired the farnesoid X receptor pathway and bile acid metabolism, exacerbating liver and intestinal damage. This study revealed that fluazinam mediated metabolic toxicity through the gut-liver axis, providing a novel perspective for its health risk assessment.
{"title":"Fluazinam Caused Liver Metabolism Disorders and Intestinal Inflammation by Affecting Gut-Liver Axis in Mice.","authors":"Bingying He,Yabing Xiong,Mingjing Sun,Shouchun Xiao,Yue Cao,Jiaxing Yang,Xinlei Shi,Xueke Liu,Donghui Liu,Peng Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14080","url":null,"abstract":"Fluazinam is a widely used agricultural fungicide, but the effects of subchronic exposure remain unclear. This study investigated the liver and intestinal toxicity of fluazinam in mice exposed for 12 weeks at 0.01 and 1 mg/kg bw/day. Results showed that fluazinam caused weight loss, metabolic disorders, and liver toxicity. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Notably, the abundance of bile-acid-metabolizing bacteria (such as Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculum) decreased. Mechanistically, this abnormality triggered a cascade reaction via the gut-liver axis, leading to decreased total bile acid levels, downregulated hepatic synthesis genes (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1), and upregulated intestinal Fgf15. These changes impaired the farnesoid X receptor pathway and bile acid metabolism, exacerbating liver and intestinal damage. This study revealed that fluazinam mediated metabolic toxicity through the gut-liver axis, providing a novel perspective for its health risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lethal amatoxins (AMAs) and toxic phallotoxins (PHLs) are the primary causes of mushroom poisoning, necessitating rapid detection methods. Utilizing similarity and quantum chemical analyses for hapten screening, this study successfully developed monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3A9 with high and uniform sensitivity to phalloidin and phallacidin (IC50: 1.32 and 1.52 ng/mL). Furthermore, the heterologous hapten α-AMA-HS greatly improved the uniform recognition of mAb 3G9 to α-, β-, and γ-AMA (IC50: 0.46, 0.67, and 0.51 ng/mL). Using these mAbs, a dual-target fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (DT-FICA) was developed to detect PHLs and AMAs simultaneously in mushrooms. It showed calculated limits of detection of 3.28 and 1.24 μg/kg in dry weight and 1.08 and 1.00 μg/kg in fresh weight. DT-FICA has demonstrated its accuracy and reliability through spiked recovery tests and real-sample analysis, providing a sensitive, specific, simple, and cost-effective tool for preventing mushroom poisoning and safeguarding public health.
{"title":"From Computationally Aided Hapten Design to Fluorescent Biosensing: A Novel Strategy for Highly Sensitive Simultaneous Detection of Amatoxins and Phallotoxins in Mushrooms.","authors":"Xiaofang Li,Lingling Guo,Chuanlai Xu,Aihua Qu,Hua Kuang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.6c01581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6c01581","url":null,"abstract":"Lethal amatoxins (AMAs) and toxic phallotoxins (PHLs) are the primary causes of mushroom poisoning, necessitating rapid detection methods. Utilizing similarity and quantum chemical analyses for hapten screening, this study successfully developed monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3A9 with high and uniform sensitivity to phalloidin and phallacidin (IC50: 1.32 and 1.52 ng/mL). Furthermore, the heterologous hapten α-AMA-HS greatly improved the uniform recognition of mAb 3G9 to α-, β-, and γ-AMA (IC50: 0.46, 0.67, and 0.51 ng/mL). Using these mAbs, a dual-target fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (DT-FICA) was developed to detect PHLs and AMAs simultaneously in mushrooms. It showed calculated limits of detection of 3.28 and 1.24 μg/kg in dry weight and 1.08 and 1.00 μg/kg in fresh weight. DT-FICA has demonstrated its accuracy and reliability through spiked recovery tests and real-sample analysis, providing a sensitive, specific, simple, and cost-effective tool for preventing mushroom poisoning and safeguarding public health.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14054
Mengxiao Lu, Xiaotong Liu, Yahong Niu, Jiang Yang, Tingting Liu, Fangfang Yang, Noor Muhammad, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, Zhiguo Liu, Lixin Wang
Sour jujube originates from China and is highly valued for its economic and medicinal importance. However, its growth and cultivation are frequently constrained by salt stress, which severely limits productivity. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays crucial roles in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Despite their importance, the functions of sour jujube WOX genes (ZjWOXs) under salt stress remain largely unexplored. Here, transcriptome analysis revealed that ZjWOX6 was significantly induced by salt stress compared with other ZjWOXs family members. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that ZjWOX6 was localized to both the cell membrane and the nucleus. To investigate its biological function, a stable genetic transformation system based on a leaf shoot regeneration method was established in sour jujube. Overexpression of ZjWOX6 markedly enhanced salt tolerance, whereas transient silencing of ZjWOX6 increased salt sensitivity. Further analyses showed that ZjWOX6 directly bound to the promoter region of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 8 (ZjCKX8), a key gene involved in cytokinin metabolism, and negatively regulated its expression, thereby modulating salt tolerance in sour jujube. Collectively, these findings provide important molecular insights into the role of ZjWOX6 in the salt stress response and offer a valuable foundation for the development of salt-tolerant sour jujube cultivars through genetic and biotechnological breeding strategies.
{"title":"WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Gene-Mediated Regulation of Salt Tolerance in Sour Jujube: Role of the ZjWOX6–ZjCKX8 Module","authors":"Mengxiao Lu, Xiaotong Liu, Yahong Niu, Jiang Yang, Tingting Liu, Fangfang Yang, Noor Muhammad, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, Zhiguo Liu, Lixin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14054","url":null,"abstract":"Sour jujube originates from China and is highly valued for its economic and medicinal importance. However, its growth and cultivation are frequently constrained by salt stress, which severely limits productivity. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays crucial roles in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Despite their importance, the functions of sour jujube WOX genes (<i>ZjWOXs</i>) under salt stress remain largely unexplored. Here, transcriptome analysis revealed that <i>ZjWOX6</i> was significantly induced by salt stress compared with other <i>ZjWOXs</i> family members. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that <i>ZjWOX6</i> was localized to both the cell membrane and the nucleus. To investigate its biological function, a stable genetic transformation system based on a leaf shoot regeneration method was established in sour jujube. Overexpression of <i>ZjWOX6</i> markedly enhanced salt tolerance, whereas transient silencing of <i>ZjWOX6</i> increased salt sensitivity. Further analyses showed that <i>ZjWOX6</i> directly bound to the promoter region of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 8 (<i>ZjCKX8</i>), a key gene involved in cytokinin metabolism, and negatively regulated its expression, thereby modulating salt tolerance in sour jujube. Collectively, these findings provide important molecular insights into the role of <i>ZjWOX6</i> in the salt stress response and offer a valuable foundation for the development of salt-tolerant sour jujube cultivars through genetic and biotechnological breeding strategies.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a natural aroma compound used in food and cosmetic applications, and its efficient microbial production requires the coordinated control of glucose and precursor availability. Here, Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were implemented as soft sensors to guide glucose/l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) cofeeding during 2-PE biosynthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Raman-Artificial Neural Network and NIR-Partial Least Squares models showed the best performance (external validation R2 up to 0.99). A soft-sensing-guided glucose-feeding strategy maintained glucose below 20 g/L and triggered refeeding after ethanol depletion. Under these conditions, the optimal l-Phe supply range was found to be 5-15 g/L, yielding 16.72 g/L 2-PE and 0.66 g/g l-Phe-to-2-PE conversion yield. Transcriptomics at low, intermediate, and high l-Phe levels indicated that intermediate l-Phe promoted SPS-module/Ehrlich-pathway responses, whereas low or excessive l-Phe impaired nitrogen- and redox-related metabolism. These results support the process and strain optimization for 2-PE biomanufacturing.
{"title":"Soft-Sensing-Guided Glucose/l-Phenylalanine Cofeeding Strategy and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Optimal l-Phenylalanine Supply Range for Efficient β-Phenylethanol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Chenghan Yang,Huining Jia,Li Zhang,Hongrun Lan,Huyang Chen,Hao Bei,Ali Mohsin,Ju Chu,Haifeng Hang,Xiwei Tian,Yingping Zhuang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c17100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c17100","url":null,"abstract":"β-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a natural aroma compound used in food and cosmetic applications, and its efficient microbial production requires the coordinated control of glucose and precursor availability. Here, Raman and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy were implemented as soft sensors to guide glucose/l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) cofeeding during 2-PE biosynthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Raman-Artificial Neural Network and NIR-Partial Least Squares models showed the best performance (external validation R2 up to 0.99). A soft-sensing-guided glucose-feeding strategy maintained glucose below 20 g/L and triggered refeeding after ethanol depletion. Under these conditions, the optimal l-Phe supply range was found to be 5-15 g/L, yielding 16.72 g/L 2-PE and 0.66 g/g l-Phe-to-2-PE conversion yield. Transcriptomics at low, intermediate, and high l-Phe levels indicated that intermediate l-Phe promoted SPS-module/Ehrlich-pathway responses, whereas low or excessive l-Phe impaired nitrogen- and redox-related metabolism. These results support the process and strain optimization for 2-PE biomanufacturing.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited by insufficient efficacy and potential side effects. This study aimed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench flower polysaccharide extract (APE) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. APE substantially ameliorated DSS-induced UC symptoms, intestinal barrier disruption, and concurrent microbiota dysbiosis with associated metabolite shifts. Gut microbiota depletion using antibiotic treatment removed the alleviative effect of APE against UC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of gut microbiota and metabolomic data highlighted the role of ABC transporters in the ameliorative effect of APE against UC. The expression of colonic ABC transporter-associated proteins Abcg5 and Abcg8 was significantly upregulated by APE at both mRNA and protein levels, which was abolished under antibiotic treatment. These findings highlight the potential of APE as an effective prebiotic for UC prevention and a valuable functional food ingredient for dietary interventions.
{"title":"Okra Flower Polysaccharides Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating ABC Transporters Via the Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Yuanle Deng,Ziqiao Zhao,Xiangfu Gu,Liqun Wang,Yujie Zhang,Xiaoyi Huang,Xingjie Li,Xudan Lei,Zhujuan Xiong,Fusheng Zhang,Yongxia Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15819","url":null,"abstract":"Current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited by insufficient efficacy and potential side effects. This study aimed to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench flower polysaccharide extract (APE) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. APE substantially ameliorated DSS-induced UC symptoms, intestinal barrier disruption, and concurrent microbiota dysbiosis with associated metabolite shifts. Gut microbiota depletion using antibiotic treatment removed the alleviative effect of APE against UC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of gut microbiota and metabolomic data highlighted the role of ABC transporters in the ameliorative effect of APE against UC. The expression of colonic ABC transporter-associated proteins Abcg5 and Abcg8 was significantly upregulated by APE at both mRNA and protein levels, which was abolished under antibiotic treatment. These findings highlight the potential of APE as an effective prebiotic for UC prevention and a valuable functional food ingredient for dietary interventions.","PeriodicalId":41,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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